i
14
THE PTTTSBUEG' DISPATCH, STOTDAYi :EEBRTTAEX S3, 1890.
P
IS GEOLOGY FAULTY?
Facts That Do Sot Harmonize With
Its Accepted Theories.
EXISTENCE OP THE CONTINENTS.
Investigations Which Tend to Enow They
Keror Fell Below Water.
DEPOSITS OH THE DEEP SEA FLOOK
imunm roa. im Disr.iTcn.-i
Are the fundamental principles of geology
tnstsined by recent developments in physi
cal science?
In the light of recent research and discov
ery it would appear that the science of
geology is passing a crisis in its develop
ment, and like the science of astronomy in
its early history, is bronght face to face -with
conditions, -which, in the present state of the
science, it is impossible to reconcile. The
difficulties here referred to are of a charac
ter very similar to those encountered by the
science of astronomy, under the "old
Ptolemaic hypothesis," which led, in the
fifteenth century, to a complete revision
and revolution of the entire system and a
transferring ot its center from that of the
earth to that of the sun. This radical
change shifted the center of the system
93,000,000 miles, remodeled the orbits and
simplified the movements of the planetary
bodies, and, as an astronomical coup d'etat,
was a complete solution to the difficulties
which so long stayed the progress of correct
astronomical knowledge, ana nnaiiy, under
the surveillance and scrutiny of the master
minds of that century, astronomy rose to be
one of the most complete and intellectual
sciences to man.
TACTS THAT "WILI. NOT HARMONIZE.
To-day the status of geological science
seems to be in the same condition that astro
nomical science was under the Ptolemaic
hypothesis; and under the pressure of cease
less investigation, so characteristic of the
age, new conditions arise and facts come to
light not only not in harmony with the sci
ence but actually at variance with its fun
damental principles, leading to the belief
that the premises upon which the whole
science rests are faulty, and before these
facts and conditions can be reconciled with
the science the entire premises, like those of
astronomy, will have to be subjected to the
most thorough and critical revision.
A iew more expeditions like that of the
Challenger will not only demoralize the sci
entific world but raise tbe question whether
to remodel tbe present system to suit these
conditions or to displace it by one more in
harmony with the new discoveries. A re
cent writer, speaking, on this point, says:
"Scientific theories necessarily lack finality.
Sufficient to-daj to explain all the known
facts, to-morrow's discoveries may show
t their inadequacy and lead to their modifica
tion or abandonment."
The science of geology as now generally
accepted by the scientific world is, it may be
said, the especial proteze of the renowned
geologist, Sir Charles Lyell. He it was
who wrote its most elaborate history and
did more to systematize and develop the
science and to give it scope and direction
than perhaps any other. His "Principles
ot Geology" will stand a monument to his
noble genius and untiring industry as long
as books are read; and so high has he been
held in esteem by his cotemporaries and
scholars generally that precedence has al
ways been
FEEELY AABDED HIM
as his own just merit. In the science of
neology he has, without reserve, been ac
knowledged dictator; and in the interpreta
tion of the higher class of terrestrial phe
nomena, few indeed could be found to vent
ure an opinion until his had been freely ex
pressed and known.
Such encomium and laudation maybe
thought by some as extravagant and even
fulsome, but bave we not tbe warrant for
all that is contained therein, in the fact,
that he is universally quoted and his opin
ion in doubttul or obscure cases, or when
found to favor or support what appears to
he an extravagant assumption, is accepted
as royal authority and the court of final ap
peal. Tbe scope and direction of the science, as
conceived by Mr. Lyell, may be summed
up in a few studied expressions, taken from
his "Principles." The position and con
figuration ot the land surface is constantly
and slowly changing, and Mr. Lyell. noting
how the dry land thus shitted about in the
sea, concluded that no limits could be set to
its peregrinations. "It is," he says, "not
too much to say that every part of space
now covered by the deepest ocean, has been
land."
Again on page 102 he makes the following
declaration: "However constant may be the
relative proportions of the sea and land, we
know that there is annually some small
variation in their respective geographical
positions, and that in every century tbe land
is in some parts raised and in others de
pressed in level, and so likewise is the bed
of the sea. By these and
OTHEE CEASELESS CHAKOES
the configuration of the earth's surface has
been remodeled again and again since it be
came the habitation of organic beings, and
the bed of tbe ocean has been lilted up to
tee height of the iottiest mountains.
Then again, on page 27, while expressing
approbation of calculating the loss of solar
radiation by irregularites in the earth's mo
tion, says: "Such inquiries, however, can
never supersede the necessity of investigat
ing the consequences ot the varying position
ot continents, shifted, as we know them to
have been during successive epochs, from
one pan of tbe globe to another."
Lastly, I quote from Mr. Hitchcock, who
follows in the wake Of his great cotempor
ary: "Xne amount of land above the ocean
has varied in every period of the earth's
history, and it may be that large tracts now
submerged, once were important theaters of
terrestrial life."
The above opinions have the merit of be
inc in perfect harmony. They regard the
surface of the earth, including both conti
nents and oceans, as subject to oscillation,
and though in all ages of the world, says
Mr. Lyell, the proportion of the land sur
face, to that of the water, has been abouttbe
same; thia condition, he continues has been
maintained by the subsidence of the one and
the elevation of the other; in other words,
as a continent, or part of a continent sunk
down, the ocean bottom arose to take its
place. That subsidence alternating with
elevation has been characteristic of the
earth's surface from the beginning.
THE 2TOETH AMEBICAX CONTINENT.
In reference to this point, Mr. Dana,
speaking of the North American Continent,
says: "This Continent has always had the
same shape it now has. From the earliest
times it has gradually been growing, just as
a- tree continues to increase in size, retain
ing the same proportions; and that all the
continents have always been, tbe more
elevated portions of the crust and the ocean
basins have always been tbe more de
pressed portions of tbe trust"
The above quotations are taken from three
ot the most eminent geologists of the dav,
and no one reading them can lail to dis
cover the conflict of opinion therein ex
pressed. 'While the two former maintain
the fheory that elevation and subsidence
have characterized the earth's surlace from
tbe beginning, the latter affirms "that all
the continents have always been tbe more
elevated portions of the crust and the ocean
basins have always been the more depressed
portions.
In the light of recent developments the
opinion of Mr. Dana seems to be the best
supported. It regards the earth as the thea
ter of certain physical phenomena, tbe out
come of law iu orderly sequence, which are
to continue from the beginning to tbe end of
time, and to evolve the result, which began
with one condition of the globe and will ter
minate with the globe in another condition.
In other words, that the globe is passing
through a series of changes, beginning with
a gaseous and ending with a rigid state, a
condition in which all tbe phenomena, in
cluding the life now seen upon the earth,
Till have come to an end.
Adopting such views it ii impossible
under the operation of the physical forces,
as known to ns, that the abysmal ocean bot
tom should ever become subaeriaL This is
evident for two- -reasons. In the first
place the changes now going on, on
the abysmal parts of the ocean, are
entirely different from those occurring
in the shallower waters, and points to no
other condition than they now occupy. Ac
cording to the Challenger's notings de
posits are made in the deep sea at so slow a
rate, and so different from anything occur
ring in other parts of tbe world, tbat they
really form a new chapter in the world's
physical History. The deposits made on the
ceep s-a floor are compared to the settling of
the dust in a closed up and unoccupied
room. They are composed of the lighter
parts of volcanic products, ashes, scons
and pumice; these substances, being light,
float long distances ere becoming water
logged and then find their way to these
abysmal depths.
And not an inconsiderable part of what
was brought up by the dredge was found to
be star dust, the remains of meteoric stones,
wbich were consumed in their headlong
flight through the eartb's atmosphere. The
only remains of animals found were the
most imperishable parts of vertebrate skele
tons, such as the teeth of sharks and the ear
bones ot whales. "Thus, at a depth of 2,350
fathoms, or abont two mile'," says Prof.
Gibson, "the trawl brought up, among
other things, 250 sharks' teeth. At another
haul of tbe apparatus, there came no 1,500
sharks' teeth, while a third contained over
100 ear bones and other remains of whales,
besides tbe usual accompaniment of sharks'
teetn.
SLOWNESS OF THE PBOCESS.
"To be told," says Dr. Geikie in a recent
lecture upon this point, "that mud gathers
upon tbe floor of these abysses at an ex
tremely low rate, conveys but a vague idea
of the tardiness of tbe process, but to learn
that it gathers so slowl v that the very star-
dust forms an appreciable part of it, brings
home to us as hardly anything else could do
the idea of undisturbed and excessively slow
accumulation."
The Challenger expedition further es
tablished the fact tbat no part of the matter
Which finds its way to the deep ocean ever
composed part of tbe existing land if the
nearest land exceeded 250 miles away, for
the sediment borne by the waves from the
continents seaward always drops to the bot
tom within tbat distance. So invariable
was this found to be tbe case tbat every up
lift of tbe trawl informed them whether they
were within that distance from the nearest
land.
This observation mav be regarded as tbe
most important discovery made by the ex
pedition, as it changes the whole face of
geological science. It establishes the fact
that sedimentation is confined to the lit
toral parts of the ocean basin, and can in no
case exceed 300 miles from the coast. Adopt
ing therefore the principle of uniformity it
follows that the deposition of strata has al
ways taken place within300rmlleS of the
point, whence the sediment was derived and
is consequently confined to the shallower
parts of the oceans.
SOME DEFINITIONS.
For a better understanding of the full im
port of this discovery, it would be well to
be more explicit in the use of the terms here
employed to designate the different parts of
the ocean. Br the ocean-bed is meant all
that part of the earth covered by water.
In any particular ocean the bed mar be
conceived as divided longitudinally into
two parts, differing from each other only in
depth. The shallower parts is tbat which
lies along the margins of the continents and
extends outward, toward mid-ocean, to the
distance of 200 or 300 miles and may be re
garded as a gentle sloping away of the con
tinent beneath the waters. At tbat distance
from the coast, the bottom drops down pre
cipitously from two to fire miles and here
constitutes a vast plain beneath the watery
waste. This great depth is known as the
abysmal or deep sea floor. It is upon the
shallower platform, between tbe abysmal
ocean and the continent, that all the waste
from the continents is, at tbe present time,
deposited, the deep ocean being the limit
of sedimentation.
Such facts, he product ofrecent discov
ery, have convinced the leading'geologists
of the day that the theory of Mr. Lyell, that
the "abysmal ocean floors bave been land,"
MUST NOW BE ABANDONED.
Let us go back to tbe declaration of Mr.
Lyell, "that the configuration of the earth's
surface has been remodeled again and again
since it became the habitation of organic
beings, and the bed of the ocean has been
lifted up to the height of the loftiest mount
ains." This declaration contains a two-told
assertion. The first is "that the configura
tion of the earth has been remodeled acain
and again since it became the habitation of
organic beings," is in my opinion mislead
ing, and true only iu a limited degree. It
is not true, so far as the embossment of tbe
globe is concerned. The mountains were
undoubtedly elevated before tbe dawn of
organic lile. No life could have existed
upon the globe during the convulsion in
wbich the mountains had their orgin, lor
two reasons: In the first place the tempera
ture was yet too high, and in the second
place, there was no land above the water
surface.
The evidences of marine life being found
upon the tops of some lofty mountains don't
establish the fact that such mountains were
once the bottom of the sea, nor do they estab
lish the fact that life existed upon tbe globe
before their elevation; yet it is upon such
alone that tbe statement is founded. But,
notwithstanding the vagueness of tbe evi
dence to sustain this stupendous statement.
geologists have adopted it without dissent.
Let us see -what Prot. Gibson, who may in
this instance be regarded as the mouth-piece
of the geologic world, has to say on this
point:
"It is hut yesterday, geologically speak
ing, since Great Britain, and probably a
large part oi me continent, gradually sank
beneath the waves. Scotland and Wales
then became a cluster of islands, only
mountains exceeding 2,000 feet in height
being above water, and it was on the'fUuks
of these mountains that those marine mol
luscs probably lived, whose shells are now
found on the "Welsh hills 1,400 feet above
the sea."
The views here expressed by Prof. Gibson
are in perfect accord with tnose of every
geologist who has left an opinion upon
record. They represent the whole northern
part of Europe, including the islands of
Great Britain, as sinking into the earth sev
eral thousand feet and remaining there an
indefinite period of time, and afterward
rising gracefully to adjust Itself to its
former position; and the only evidence
which geology furnishes to support this im
probable assertion is the fact that marine
shells and other animal exuviae have been
found upon the tops of the mountains of
Great Britain, Norway and Switzerland.
MEMORABLE OSCILLATIONS.
But the question arises, and will be dis
cussed in a mture paper, whether or not
these shells can be accounted for, upon
some other hypothesis more consistent with
our observations upon terrestrial changes?
Such a chance as is here predicated, has not
occurred since man came upon the earth.
There have been oscillations of the land and
water surfaces, -time and again, during that
period, but nothing in extent or kind, com
pared with what is claimed in this case. All
the elevations and subsidences which have
taken place during the human period, with
the exception, perhaps, of the doubtful one,
claimed as occurring in Chili in 1822, by
which a portion of land 1,200 miles long
and 70 miles wide was raised four feet, were
simply upthrusts or downthrows, affecting a
lew square miles of surface. Of this class
may be mentioned that of Monte ifuvoo, on
the'eoast of Italy, occurring A. D. 1538,
or that of iirnllo iu tne plains
of Malpaise, Mexico, in 1759,
or of the island of Krakatoa on the coast of
Java, containing 35 square miles, which re
cently went down by fanlting, or still a
more remarkable case, "that on the coaUof
Alaska, which rnseto the height ot 3,000
feet and developed into a volcanic cone.
These are, without doubt, tbe most mem
orable oscillations which have occurred in
the experience of the human race, and it
will be noted that these all have their sites
in portions of the earth known as "scissorie
areas," or parts of the earth subject to in
cessant volcanic disturbance, and was pro
duced by a force which augmented to the
required degree, could, in no case, elevate a
chain of mountains. J. H. Psxob.
COLONIAL SOLDIERS.
Picturesque Appearance, Odd Cus
toms and Quaint Tactics.
EQUIPMENTS FOR A HUNDRED MEN
The Troops Gathered at Churches and the
People Came to See.
AN IHPK0YEHENT OS LATEE MILITIA
1WBITTZK X-OB TUI DIsrATCH.1
HB lives, habits,
and customs
of the Colon
ial peoples
would, doubt
les, appear
curio us
enough to tbe
eyes of tne
modern deni
zens, and very
likely, in tie
matter of military affairs, the earnest ad
venturers would be quite a laughing-stock
to the well-drilled soldier of to-day. After
all, it is natural that this should be the case,
for do we not laugh at the bonnets and
dresses, even those which our mothers wore?
Fashions change and customs make curi
ous demands on our inventive faculties.
The wants of the colonists were many; food
they must have, and it seems that they were
determined to fight for peace, also. A wolf
and an Indian were considered "game," and
they were hunted to tne hitter end. Nbw.to
make themselves secure against invasion
and keep up a constant guard on the inroads
ot the enemy, the Pilgrims were put to
their wits' ends, and the Bay Colonies, also,
were ever on the alert. There were very
few soldiers in the Colonies, but there were
good ones. TJnderhill, Mason and Stand
lsh having had experience in tbe Holland
wars. Iu . the ranks
there were not,
A Picturesque Soldier.
out of the first three regiments formed, a
dozen men who could carry a musket or load
and fire in any kind of style, so it will be
seeu that the early captains had a big con
tract on their hands to drill and educate the
masses in the arts military.
TBE ASMS NECESSAKT.
For the sake of illustration we will follow
a company of foot soldiers from thetimethey
leave the church, wbich was their meeting
place until the tavern was inaugurated, until
they breakranksin the afternoon. In tbe first
place the arms for 100 men were as follows,
and the language used here is exactly as tbe
order read:
3 drums, to ech 2 pere of hedds;
2 ensigns (colors);
3 halberts lor 3 sargents;
80 bastard musketts, with snaphances
(old match-locks), 4 ffoote in the barril,
without rests;
6 long ffowling-pieces, with bastard mus
kett boare 5 foots long;
11 ffiill musketts, 4-foote barrill, with
match-lock and rests;
SO bandeleers, lor the musketts, each
with a bullett bag;
10 home i fflaskes, for the long fowling
peeces, to hould ponnd apiece;
100 swoordes and belts;
60 corsletts & 60 pikes; 20 halflVpikes;
12 blls. powder, 8 barrills for the forte; 4
ffor small shott;
8 peeces of land ordnance for the forte;
2 demie culverings (guns), 30c. weight
a peece;
3 sackers (guns), ech weinge 25 c. wt.;
1 whole culvennge as long as may be
(15 feet usually), 2 small peeces, iron
drakes;
sows of lead, mould & matches for bullett
casting & musketts.
-BrjKjt-ptcfc.
The company is ordered to "traine Satur
day in everie weeke," and as the Court said,
"as piety cannot be maintained without
ordnance & officers, nor justice without laws
& magistrates, no more can our safety be
preserved without military orders & offiJ
cers." This being the case", and it was well
known, the appearance of the local com
panies was the occasion for
A GRAND TUBNOTJT
of the natives, who flocked to the Common to
see the "troopers." At the sound
of the alarm, usually consisting of
four discharges of tbe musket and a con
tinued beating ot the drum (just imagine
the clatter), men came from all quarters;
over the hill, tram the river side, from tbe
interior; .some with pikes, some with snap
hances (similar to flint-lock) others with
match-lock and fowling-pieces. There was
the pikeman'a headpiece, and the officer's
hat; red leather small clothes, buckled at
the knee, and red stockings.
The common soldiers trudged along, clad
in Monmouth caps and wide-rimmed hats
lined with brown leather, doublets (jacket-
SHI MP
lite) of home make or leather, with oil-skin
hose, leather belts and breeches,Ishoes low
cut with buckles. If these men had worn
a uniform color, all would have passed
off brilliantly, that is, they would
Shouting Sit Colors.
have looked handsome; but the colors
varied, and tbe sizes of the men also; some
in brown, some in blue, some in waistcoats
of green cotton, with binding of red tape,
and every known color for a puffed or
bowed garter. Picturesque, indeed, was
the motley assembly in front of the church.
But hark! The captain yells out to the
crowd of children, women and Indians to
"make room, there! here, pikemen, open
the square." Then he shouts, "Take
places!" and "eight men abreast, and aken
bow, close order, march!" "Halt, there,"
"stand in your places," "stand in your
ranks," and'in stentorian tones the captain
shouts, "Silence!"
A GENERAL SCAMPER.
A little later the drams start up, and off
the troopers or "Muskettiers" go, with their
arms on their left shoulders. They reach the
Common, and to tbe tapof the drum go "left
hand double," "right hand double,"
"double the front," "give fire." "charze
pikes," etc. This is the first thing they
do, and the result is that the children aim
women flee for their lives into the berry
bushes, pell-mell. So they maneuver, form
a "ring, twist and turn, and take up more
room than a modern army corps.
Pretty soon they get tired and take a rest,
at which time they find it convenient to eat
some cheese and bread and drink some beer
or ale; but no pipes, or cigars or tobacco of
any kind. Four hours later the "gang,"
as the gamin of to-day would call them,
take a march around Fort Hill, with dusty
boots or gullets, get back to work or
swallow a gallon of beer, and call the day
"done." These were not play soldiers, for
in 1637 many of them showed true metal in
the Pequot war. "
It ii an absolute fact that the soldiers of
that date were not such a stupid and awk
ward set of men as the militia of fifty years
ago, at which time the sight of a full
dressed militiaman would make an unbal
anced schoolboy cross-eyed to gaze at him.
THET'WEEE HANDSOME MEN.
The colonial soldier's coat was not stuffed
with a mattress, nor was his hat or cap a
minature bell buoy; he had not a sunburst
of brass on his breast, nor ridiculous
starched white gloves, too long for his fin-
JL Drummer Soy.
gers. No, the Colonial costume was hand
some, displayed the figure to fine advantage,
and as they did not wear great cowhide
boots, they were nimble ot foot, and, as the
ladies would say, "just splendid-looking
men."
To be sure the Captains were rather
rooster-like with their red plumes and gay
gold cross-belts; but that was all right, it
helped to dignity the office and distinguished
him from the rank and file. Later on, when
everybody wore the wig and put on brass
buttons with blue coats faced with buff, a
handsomer set of soldiers could not be
found.
The "rub-a-dub-dub" of the early drum
mer has passed into history, the wars and
rumors of wars have been relegated to the
oblivious shades ot tbe past, but the valor
and honesty of the Colonial musketeer will
ever be with us, laugh as much as we may
at his awkward gait and his funny way of
drilling. F. T. B.
Rbeuinittlsm Cared.
I bought a 50-cent bottle of Chamberlain's
Fain Balm, and applied it to my limbs that
had been afflicted with rheumatism at inter
vals for one year. At the time I bought tbe
Pain Balm 1 was unable to walk. I can
truthfully say, "that Pain Balm has com
pletely cured me." K. H. Farr, Holywood,
Kan. Fifty-cent bottles for sale by E. G.
Stuckey, Seventeenth and Twenty-fourth
sts., Penn avc. and cor. Wylie ave. a'nd Ful
ton st.; Markell Bros., cor. Penn and Franks
town aves.; Theo. E. Ihrig, 3610 Fifth ave.:
Carl Hartwig, Forty-third and Butler sts.,
Pittsburg, and in Allegheny by E. E. Heck,
72 and 194 Federal sL; Thos. B. Morris, cor.
Hanover and Preble aves.; F. H. Eggers, 17?
Ohio St., and F. H. Eggers & Son, 199 Ohio
st. and 11 Smitbfield st. wsn
NEW AXMINSTER CARPETS.
Goods Tbnt Have Been Selling; nt 82 50
Will Now Go nt 81 75.
We offer genuine bargains in Axmlnster
carpets.
The same grade that has been retailing
for $2 50 during the past season, at $1 75 a
yard.
These are all new spring patterns and
colors.
Borders to match all patterns.
Edward Gboetzingeb,
627 and 629 Penn avenue.
Spring- Opening
Of newest dress novelties in allwool plaids
black and "colored mohairs, Jamestown
suiting, ladies' cloths and French cash
meres in all the leading shades. Lowest
price. H. J. Lynch's,
wrsn 438 and 440 Market street.
It you bave furniture needing upholster
ing call up 1626 and Haugh & Keenan will
call on you with latest samples and furnish
estimates 33 and 34 "Water st.
Cabinet photos $1 per dozen, prompt de
livery. Crayons, etc., at low prices.
Lies' Gallebt;
TTSU l 10 and 12 Sixth it
FLEXIBLE RELIGION.
People Can do Things in Washington
They Dare Not do at Home.
LAXITY SANCTIONED BY PASTORS.
ATisit to the Church Where the Father of
His Countrr Attended,
OTHER J0TTIXG3 FK0M THE CAPITAL
TEOM A STAVT COIU5BSPOSDIKT.
"Washington, February 2L Most vis
itors to "Washington make it a pofnt to go
to the Church or the Covenant, or "the
Church ot the Government," as someone
wittily calls it, where President Harrison,
the Blaine family, and other notables at
tend unon the means of grace, when they
feel like it which, as rumor has it, is not
so often as might be supposed by good
Presbyterians. The fact is, that life in this
beautiful city of parks and palaces is such
a constant rush of official and social busi
ness through the secular six days of the
week, that Sunday is hailed as a veritable
day of rest, and church going is not held to
be the primal duty of all, as was once the
commandment with dire penalties attached
by the ancient fathers. That there is much
excuse for the laxity and indifference so
plainly manifested was frankly admitted by
Ber. Dr. Bankin at a recent Conference of
the Congregationalists in this city. Such
were the restlessness and uncertainties of
politics, he said, that men cannot always
lead peaceable lives here in all eodliness
and honesty. Moreover, he averred, that
"society usages may be excusable in a capi
tal city for which there would not be the
same argument or excuse anywhere else."
The point of his remarks was to the effect
that Presbyterian deacons and distinguished
Methodists and prominent Sunday school
workers could in "Washington go to balls,
receptions and enjoy other worldly pleas
ures without reproach while at home they
would be indecorous and sinful. With his
premises admitted, it is Quite easv to un
derstand that pious scruples as to church
eoing and keeping the Sabbath day holy by
shutting the shutters and enjoying & chap
ter from BaxterVSaints' Best"of a Sunday
afternoon may be waived by authority of
"the cloth" and the pleasures of "Washing
ton be indulged in without the censure that
would fall upon such goings on at home.
GEORGE 'WASHINGTON'S CHURCH.
We did not follow the crowd last Sunday
by going to the "Church of the Govern
ment," but instead took a wicked Sunday
train down to Alexandria to visit the old
church of which Georgo Washington was a
vestryman, and which he attended when not
with the army iu the field or in New York.
Alexandria is a dead old town located a
few miles from Washington which in the
last century was looked upon as a thriving
commercial city with eminent possibilities
of greatness. What came over the spirit of
its dream of grandeur and nipped its buds
of boom and amplitude of commercial im
portance we do not know unless it was the
war bnt the decay and dilapidation are
manifest, particularly at the wharves, where
everything seems moldly and musty, and
gives plain token of shiftlessness
and want of enterprise. Christ Church,
wbich was built in 1765, is the one
object of interest to the pilgrim and stran
ger. The church is quaint and old fash
ioned, with n good deal about it of Puritan
squareness and simplicity. The windows
are not of the cathedral pattern or enriched
with jeweled glass or pictures of mediravnl
saints, but are of common square panes,
the most striking thing about them being
the lavish uje of putty. Washington's pew
is in the side aisle, and is square, with
seats on three sides. A brass plate with the
inscription of "Washington" marks the
SDot where on Sundavs and holv davs the
I immortal George and his Martha cnniessed
themselves "miserable sinners, and ad
mitted they had done the- things they ought
not to have done and left undone those
which they ought to- have done, and that
there was no health in them.
ENTITLED TO SYMPATHY.
"We sat iu the end of the pew, which by
decree of enstom and the proper order of
things is assigned to the head of the family,
and, if the cushion was as hard and lumpy
and uncomfortable when' the Father of His
Country was squared up in that corner as it
was to us, he is entitled to the sympathy of
remotest generations for his zeal and devo
tion in chnrch going. The pulpit is one of
the old-fashioned kind, with a flitrht of
steps leading up to it on both sides. Under
view ot the occupant no one could sleep
without observation, and it would not sur
prise us to learn that George and
Martha had many a time counted the
diamond panes up and down and
across, and down the middle in the endeavor
to keep themselves awake during a somno
lent sermon. Near tbe Washington pew is
a stout brass clamped box with an inscrip
tion to the effect that contributions are de
sired to keep this ancient and interesting
church in good repair. (We may say in
passing that the ragged cushions in Wash
ington's pew are in sad need of something
to save them irom utter dilapidation and an
nihilation.) On the wall upon the left of
the pulpit is a marble tablet inscribed to
the memory of George Washington; upon
the right, as if entitled to equal honor, is
another to the immortal memory of Robert
.Edmund iiee tbe suulimest traitor oi the
Kebellion. "Both were patriots, both were
rebels, both were eminent as leaders of
Americans, and both are held in holy re
membrance by their countrymen," said a
"Virginian who saw in the Jeff Davis Con
federacy the uprising ot a noble and chival
rous people.
THE SENTIMENTS INSPIRED.
, These remarks show that the spirit of re
bellion, disunion and disloyalty still hold
sway and fires the Southern heart, and that
it is nourished in the church, where of all
other places it should be dead and buried.
Tbe wonder is that a tablet sacred to tbe
memory of Jeff Davis has not been placed
over and above those to Washington and
Lee. With thoughts of the thousands of
patriots who had sacrificed their lives to
preserve tbe Union lying near at hand in
their graves upon the sunny slopes of Ar
lington and uther hallowed spots through
out the country, it was with difficulty that
we could turn our mind to a consideration
of a sermon upon "Mary and Martha."
Waves of memory and thoughts of battle,
murder and of sudden death flowed over the
barren waste of that dry discourse as our
eyes rested upon the name of Lee
at the right of the pulpit ; but as
our attention rallied and we inclined
our ears unto the white-gowned preacher, we
discovered, strange as it may seem, that the
learned divine had no flowing meed of praise
for Martha the noted housekeeper but
that instead, Mary, who loved to dream,
and dawdle, and think, and fix her thoughts
upon the secret of the skies rather than on
the making of pies, was most eulogized and
and commended. The point ot the sermon
really seemed to be that perfect housekeep
ing was rather more blamewotthy than not,
and tbat the first duty of women was to seek,
and reach for the better part and have a
good time over it.
Tbechurchyard is an interesting spot,filled
as it is, with the recoras of a former genera
tion. As we wandered around before the
service, the following inscription caught
our eye, which will suffice tor a sample ot
the most of them:
In memory of Henry Bowers,
Who died March 7, 1799.
AH yon that cums my grave to se.
prepare yonrsejves to follow me;
Reoent and torn to Qod In time.
You may be taken In your prime.
THE MOLDEBINO MONUMENTS.
Nearly all of the dates we noticed were of
the eighteenth century, and the crumbling
stones constitute the few brief annals of the
poor who lived and died before the dawn of
tbe nineteenth century. One of the best
preserved of these moldering monuments
preservea oi in?se moiaering monuments
it that of Mrs. William Warren, who, bs I
her stone tells us, adorned the theatrical
stage, and whose husband was manager of
the Philadelphia and Baltimore Theater.
Although devoted to the drama, she is re
corded as a faithful wife, a devoted mother
and a loving friend. This is the whole duty
of women, as some men purit, so her sin of
plav acting may well be condoned.
Nothing is more impressive jn this great
city than tbe Washington Monument. It
towers over everything, and Is a perpetual
reminder of the history of the Republic. We
had no ardent desire to view the landscape
o'er from a height of over 500 teet, bnt were
prevailed upon to sink all scruples in order
to view the memorial stones 'within. The
mode of procedure is to cram the elevator
until everybody is as nervous and fright
ened as possible, then when no one can
possibly get ont without being crushed
the ascent begins. The trip takes
20 minutes and it is safe to say that many
fill in the time by saying their prayers, and
reflecting with sad satisfaction that their
lives are insured. The view from the top is
superb, magnificent, soul-thrilling and all
that sort of thing, but the pleasure that fills
the heart as terra firm a is safely reached is
far in excess of anr delight produced by the
high thoughts and elevated sentiments that
fill the mind 502 feet above the ground. The
spiral staircase is by many esteemed safer,
but is eminently fatiguing.
THE INDEFATIGABLE BLAIB.
A visit to the Senate yesterday disclosed
Senator Blair still pounding away at his
educational bill. As he was doing the same
a few days ago, when we were there, it really
appeared as if he had been at it all the in
tervening time. Hardly a score of the mem
bers were present, and those were all busy
writing and reading letters, poring over
pamphlets, or talking in subdued tones.
Blair's everlasting bill is said to be such a
"chestnut" -that it is held to be the signal
for adjonrnment to the corridors and com
mittee rooms and for emptying the galleries.
Still the worthy man keeps stolidly on read
ing extracts, citing authorities, quoting
from school reports in a monotonous voice,
that reminds one of the brook that runs on
forever. The Yice President sat almost
moveless in his chair, the few members went
on with their work regardless of the
steady flow of words, words, words.
How he has tbe heart or
spunk to keep on daily with such
plain evidence of inattention, and the truth
that his bill is considered a bore is ex
plained by the fact that it is published ver
batim in the Record, and he is thus enabled
to show his constituents and admirers that
he is doing a vast work in a noble cause.
Brother Senators callBIair an "unmitigated
cranK," but he appears to ns as an honest
and sincere man, who is bent upon doing
what he esteems a duty at all hazards. But
that he is obtuse to a proper sense of the
fitness of things, and oblivious to the idea
tbat the time to strike is only when the iron
is hot, is hardly'to be gainsaid. He stirred
things up a little from dead indifference
by an
ATTACK UPON THE PRESS, ,
and said in substance that the great Ameri
can press, of which such boast is made, is
the source of more mischief in this country
than there would be if the press was wholly
annihilated and abolished, and said that to
it a dog fight was a matter of more moment
than a great school bill.
The House is always noisy and in confu
sion as compared with the Senate, which is
quiet and dignified as a rule. Amid the
racket at the time of the visit, we finally
discovered that the Oklahoma bill was under
discussion, but so great was tbe buzz of
voices and the tramp of men moving hither
and thither and cages flying at full speed
up and down and across, tbat neither head
nor tail could be made of it. The accusa
tion, however, was made by somebody tbat
congress was more disposed to favorable
legislation for the Texas steer than for the
American citizen. Several members made
speeches and shouted at the top of their
lungs, and pounded the books before them,
and clapped their hands, and shook their
heads and otherwise disported themselves
with great zeal and frantic enthusiasm, in
"hollering" themselves hoarse, but in the
confdsion nobody could tell what they were
driving at, unless it was how not to do it
and still get themselves in the Record as
having made some stunning speeches.
THE SUFFRAGISTS.
The National Suffrage Convention has
been holding crowded sessions this week,
and if a contrast were to be made it would
not be hard for a jury to decide that Con
gress could be amended and improved by
the addition of some feminine brains. Sev
eral new stars have appeared among the
speakers, principally from the West, who
will be ready to step into the old stagers'
shoes with fresh zeal, and more of the
graces of oratory and the incisive forces of
logic. Carrie Lane Chapman (whoever she
is), made a fine speech, that for point and
finish was truly excellent. Julia Ward
Howe, Ulara .Barton, .Laura M. Johns and
others, rich iu renown and promise, are yet
to come.
Thesocial world has ostensibly closed its
doors in order to spend the season of Lent
in penitence, and wax pious upon a sparse
diet, but the going under a cloud, or within
a cloister upon bread and water and fish and
eggs is more of a sham than a reality. The
pursuit of happiness by way of social pleas-
urea win stni go on. .marriages will still
be made, flirtations will still flourish, mer
rily will the days go by and crowded will
be the glowing hours with all the devices to
banish ennui and bave what the girls call a
"perfectly lovely time."
Oar representatives not only do their fnll
share ot work in Congress and guard the
interests ot Western Pennsylvania with
jealous and assiduous care, but their better
halves hold up the social end with genius
and good taste. Mr. Bayue gave a beautiful
luncheon on Monday that for tasteful ele
gance could hardl v be excelled. Among the
guests were Mrs. Beed, wife of the Speaker
of the House; Mrs. McCormick, of Williams
port; Mrs. Watson, of Warren; Mrs. Dal
zell, of Pittsburg; Mrs. Townsend, of New
Brighton; Miss Nevin, of Pittsburg: Miss
Wilson, of Allegheny; Mrs. A. C. Mc
Callum, of Pittsburg; Mrs. Teece, ot Belle
vue, and others.
MBS. DALZELlS RECEPTION.
On Tuesday Mrs. John Dalzell gave a
charming reception that was crowded with
notables of social and official life, and with
Pittsburgers and Pennsylvanians who were
all heartily welcomed. Mrs, Dalzell looked
lovely in a white lace gown. Miss Dalzell
presided at the tea table. Among those
from Pittsburg were Mrs. A. I". Brooks,
Mrs. E. M. Ferguson, iliss McClelland,
Mrs. McCallum, Mrs. Nevin, MrsJBayne,
Mrs. Teese, Misses Macintosh and others
whose names have escaped our memory. To
give added brilliance to the occasion
Andrew Carnegie dropped in and enter
tained the company with wit and wisdom
and reminiscences.
A grand tea given by Mrs. Leland Stan
ford served as a grand round-up to the
gaieties of the season, and was attended by
representatives irom all branches of the
social, diplomatic and political life of Wash
ington, including a goodly representation
from Pittsburg and Allegheny, who were
received with distinguished consideration.
The Stanford mansion was gorgeous with a
wealth of everything that could serve for
decoration or the delectation of the Inner
man. Priceless pictures adorn the walls
one of General Grant draped with the Amer
ican flag being especially striking. Mrs.
Stanford was arrayed in roal purple velvet
with such display of pearls and diamonds as
is seldom exhibited by anyone save Mrs.
As tor.
WHITE HOTJSE LACKEYS.
On Thursday Mrs. Harrison and Mrs.
McKee gave a reception to the officers and
delegatesof the Woman's Suffrage Associa
tion. Miss Susan B. Anthony introduced
the delegates, who were received with
cordial welcome. Some of the good ladies
were displeased with the lackeys in charge
of the entertainment, who, by their rude
ness in hustling the company out hastily as
soon as Mrs. Harrison retired, showed that
when clothed in a little brief authority these
hirelings of tbe people are so giddy, proud
and vain that it is no wonder that it is said
they are sadly afflicted with tbe "big head."
Bessie Bramble.
BmchaiTs Pills cure bilious and nervous ills
Pxabs' Soap secures a beautiful complexion
M$ CLoptl) booty.
All communications for this department
should be mailed to reach The Dispatch not
later than Saturday morning. Reasonable
space will be freely given to all organizations
classified under this heading.
K. G. E.
Venus Castle No. 2S1. will on next Thursday
evening Initiate 16 candidates.
On Friday evening. March 21 next, Americas
Castle No. 220 will hold a grand open entertain
ment, to close with a social. All are Invited to
attend.
Jasper M. Thompson's Castle No. 312, of
Unlontown. has Instituted a commandery with
a start of 40 Uniformed. Sir Knights, and will
be in the ranks in Pittsburg next May.
The Committee on Music for demonstration
next May will meet regularly at tbe office of
the Chairman, James McKee. No. 120 Smith
Held street, Pittsburg, every Saturday evening
at 8 o'clock sharp.
Star of the West Castle No. S3, at Its last
meeting; Friday evening, received six applica
tions for membership, initiated i. conferred
tbe second degree on two, and the third degree
on four candidates.
For the convenience of the General Com
mandery, the secretary can be seen any Mon
day. Wednesday, Friday or Saturday at James
McKee's, 420 Smithfleld street, between hoars
of 4 and 5 o'clock P. M.
The committee from Venus and Star of tbe
West Castles met Friday evening and decided
to admit all brothers, and books have been
prepared and are now in tbe hands of tbe com
mittee to receive signers for joining the com
mandery. The General Commandery metin regular ses
sion last Thursday evening with a very large
attendance of the delegates. Communications,
some 40 in all, from various commanoeries and
castles, were read, and pointed toward a large
attendance at the session of the Supreme Cas
tle in this city next May.
Chairman Patterson, of the General Com
mandery, K. G. E., of Western Pennsylvania,
has named tbe following brothers as a Com
mittee on Arrangements and Entertainment:
B. Patterson, 8. Hackmelder, E. T. White. F.
J. Schellman, Heber McDowell. Elliot McCall,
W. H. Rleingensmitb, Fred Plcaard, George
W. Kirk. W. P. Earnest, James McKee, W. C.
Furlong. Thomas Dnnlap, John Miller, S.H.
Vandegrift. J.P. Dold. C. L. Koerner. Fred
Urban and J. A Auburn.
Golden Chain.
Tbe per capita tax has been fixed at 80 cents
per annum.
State Commander Osmond returned from
Baltimore on last Friday.
Subordinate lodges will hereafter elect offi
cers semi-annually instead of annual elections
as heretofore.
Each State, by tha amended law, will be en
titled to a supreme representation for the first
600 members, and an add! ional supreme repre
sentative for each and every 1,000 additional
members.
Allegheny Lodge, No. 46. of Allegheny, on
next Tuesday evening-, the 2oth Instant, will give
the first of aseries of entertainments to be given
at short intervals during tbe year In their lodge
room on West Diamond street.
Fidelity Lodge, of Allegheny, will hold an
open meeting and give a musical and literary
entertainment in their lodge room, at No. 80
Federal street, on Monday evening; March 10.
The Neal Brothers are on the programme.
Tbe following were elected as Snpreme Lodge
officers at the session held in Baltimore last
week: Snpreme Commander. Bey. C. C. Bit
ting, of Philadelphia; Snpreme Vice Com
mander, O. B. Craig. Baltimore; Supreme As
sistant Commander. J. G. Cook. Baltimore;
Fast Snpreme Commander, T. V. Kessler, Bal
timore: Supreme Secretary, A. Stanley V ier,
Baltimore: Supreme Treasurer. W. H. Sadler,
Baltimore; Snpreme Sentinel, ( Samuel L
Osmond, Pittsburg. Pa.: Supreme Medical Ex
aminer, Thomas Opie, M. V., Baltimore, Md.;
Snpreme Trustees, H. M. Smith, Jr., Esq.,
Richmond, Va.; E. S. Allnutt, and E. Calvin
Williams, Esq, of Baltimore.
Select Knlghls.
Brother Lonls Allen, of Iron City Lodge No.
24. has tbe sympathy ot a host of members of
the order in his affliction.
Bloomfield Lodge has the Mogulllan fevor,
and at no distant date a merry time will be
had with the members of that lodge.
Committees are being appointed from tha
lodges in Allegheny City looking to the erec
tion of an A.O. U. w. hall on that side.
Adjutant Joseph B. Eaton is on the sick list
and bis smiling countenance Is missed among
the Select Knights. Joe has many warm ad
mirers and they hope he may ronnd-to in good
shape.
DaBois Legion No. 18 has Issued invitations
for its reception and banquet to be held at
DaBois on Tuesday evening next. Tbe Grand
Legion officers from this vicinity have been in
vited to be present.
There will be a meeting of tbe board of offi
cers of tbe First Begiment on Wednesday
evening. February 26, at tbo Central Hotel.
The Colonel Is deslrons that all field and line
officers should be present
Grand Recorder McNalr has made specla
arrangements with the Pennsylvania Railroad
whereby tbe representatives going to tbe
Grand Lodge session at Williamsport will be
provided with special car?, providing tbey take
tbe day express leaving the Union depot at 8
o'ciock to-morrow morning, maainz tnrough
connection without change of cars.
C. SI. B. A.
The C. M. B. A. directory will be Issued dur
ing March.
The application for charters for three new
branches were opened last Sunday.
Brother H. W. Deare, the editor of the C.
it. B. A. Monthly, is visiting branches in this
vicinity.
Branch 78 was instituted last Monday in the
German Parish m the East End by District
Deputy F. J. Brady.
Four new branches have been organized since
January land four more branches have char
ters granted and will be instituted durin the
next two weeks.
The cbarter for a branch at New Brighton
closed last Sunday with 37 names. This branch
will be instituted on Saturday, March 13, and
the members ot the association in this locality
are invited to be present at tbe ceremonies.
Branch 36 last week initiated eight new mem
bers and elected fonr and has six applications
for next meeting. The branch will pnt in its
best work between now and the time for bold
lng the u!xt convention, which meets in this
city next September.
Roynl Arcanom.
Revenue Council 101 had a very interesting
time at their last meeting. D. D. G. Regent
Harrison, of Versailles Council, McKeesport,
Pa., ana G. G. Smith', of Darling Council, Alle
gheny, were present, and installed the follow
ing officers: Resent. W B. Klrkwo'd; Vice
Regent. H. C Russell; Orator, U. E. Holmes:
Past Regent. Joseph B. Eaton; Secretary,
Jacob Stenemsgel; Collector, B. Q. Wbltten;
Treasurer. S. A. Ebberts; Chaplain, George F.
Pastre: Guide, M. E. Saunders; Warden. John
P. Pastre: Sentry. O. A. Kberber. Tha
trnstees were authorized to procure
Colon Hall, No.. 39 Fifth avenue, lor the
second and fourth Monday nights of each
month Three applications for membership
were read, which shows what Revenue means
to do this year. Brother Harrison made a very -interesting
address.
A. O. U. W.
A committee consisting of W. W. Kennedy
W. H. Barrett and John A. Schuck was ap-'
pointed to. arrange for an anniversary enter
tainment to be held In J une.
Ala?etJn,.0f..0o,onel Ellsworth Lodge.
No. 203. A.CVU, WMoftho Ihlrty-flrat ward!
Thursday evening, a resolution was passed to
give the member wflo succeeded in securing
the greatest number of new members before
January 1, a lodge pin of value of not less than
A. Or K. of tha M. C.
The Starbf AUentOwn Castle fJo.B,A, O.K.
of the M, a, meeta la Logerain't Hall, Wah-
ington arenne. Thirty-first ward, the first and
third Saturdays of every month, at 7.30 r.jr.
At Its last meeting It conferred three de
grees on ten new members and received six ap
plications for membership. The members are
endeavoring to make this tha banner castle of
the State. The castle wishes to thank tha visit
ing members of sister castles for their iiud
assistance at initiations, and hopes that they
will still continue to come.
Heplaiopb Note.
Beaver Avenne Conclave bids fair to doubla
its membership in 1890.
Supreme Inspector Goldman will shortly or.
ganize a large conclave at Baltimore.
Eleven of the Allegheny county conclaves
Initiated at their first meeting In February S3
applicants.
Tuesday, March 4. a new conclave will be In
stituted at Elizabeth, Pa. T. E. S. Griffin is in
charge of the charter list.
The Supreme Archon has received responses
from 4S conclaves and 96 individual members;
relative to badges, as per circular No. 14.
The fifth anniversary of J. K. Moorbead on
Tuesday evening was a decided success. Sev
eral applications were received at the hall.
There are several conclaves that have not
made themselves beard lately, or did anything
worthy of notice. We wish to hear from them
occasionally.
ZetaNa.6.at its present rats of increase,
will, in a few months, overtake Pittsburg No.
89, in baying the largest membership of any
conclave in the order.
Zeta No. 6 initiated 9 members in February so
far; Fifth Avenne No. 74,5; J. K. Moorbead
No. 82, 10; Tingooqna No. 164, Washington. Pa,,
16: Unity No. 89, at Newark. N. J., 8; Virghua
No. 193, Richmond, in January. 7.
J. K. Moorhead Conclave celebrated its fifth,
anniversary last Monday night at Turner Hall.
Supreme Archon S. A. Will made an address
and congratulated the members on tbe increasing-membership.
Over 100 couples took part
in the grand march and almost as many sat
down to a sapper afterward.
The Sexennial lie a sue.
Wilkinsburg Lodge will be known as No. 93,
A Sexennial lodge will soon be instituted in,
Allegheny.
The Sexennial Leagne now has 100 lodges,
over 6,000 members, and U only 15 months old.
A promising: lodge of tha Sexennial Laagna
was instituted at Wilkinsburg last Thursday
night by Deputy Supreme President Franklin
M.Lipp.
Knlcbta of St. John.
Tbe regular meeting of Dnquesne Command
ery, No. 142, will be held on Tuesday evening,
March 4. at 7:30 o'clock sharp, at which Urn
the election of officers will take place.
All Abonrd!
If your traveling equipment does not include
a bottle, at least, of Hostetter's Stomach Bit
ters, you have neglected to provide yourself
with the finest known medicinal safeguard. It
remedies sea sickness, malaria, colic, cramps,
indigestion, biliousness and kidney tronbIe.and
repels a tendency to rheumatism. It Is also a
fine specific for nervousness.
Never Mind the Weather.
If it's cold weather drink ale; if it's warm
use beer, and be snre yon use the celebrated
brands manufactured by the Iron City
Brewing Co. Their Pilsner, Pittsburg, and
Iron City beers are told at all first-class
bars, or maybe ordered direct from brewery.
Telephone 1186.
Insist upon having the reliable, and
always satisfactory, ale and beer brewed by
Z. Wainwnght & Co. The favorite brewt
for family use. Best dealers keep them.
"WSU
I Like my. Wife
to use
MEDICATED
Because it improves her
looks and is as fra
grant as violets.
SOLD
EVJER"3ZVVirEIRE.
fe20-39-TTSu'3(
DR. BYERS' GOOD WORK.
A Distressing Cass of Slomich Trouble of
Three Years' Duration Relieved Instants
neotuslyand Entirely Cured in One Month.
No Faith-Cure Miracle, but the Result of
Skill and Science.
MR. JOS. WEINMAN, Second Ave. (Soho)
City.
Mr. Weinman had been troubled with his
stomach Jor over three years, the most pro
nounced symptoms being nausea and vomiting"
of food, with soreness over region of stomach.
Tongue always coated, with fonl taste in morn
ing, frontal headache, with flashes of light and
spots before eyes, roaring in ears, stopping up
of nostrils. During the last few months back
lnc congb set In. sleep became disturbed, and
he would gpt up in mornluc more tired than
when be went to bed. Nicht sweats came on.
and be lot flesh and strength dally, Tbrea
days before calling at Dr. Byers' office ne vom
ited up ever; meal. Dr. Byers diagnosed his
trouble to ba catarrh of the bead and stomach,
and under his treatment the nausea was re
lieved Instantaneously, and in one month Mr.
W. was entirely well and bad gained 10 pounds.
TBEATMENT $5 A 3IOSTH-
TJntll further notice Dr. Byers will trekiaU
cases at the umfnvm feo of Jj per month, medi
cine included. Writn for symptom blank or
call at ofilce. DR. BYERS. successor to Drs.
Logan Byers. No. 421 Penn ave. f el-SSu
Bermuda Bottled.
"Too imast go to Bermuda. If
you do not I will not be responsi
ble for tne consequences.' " But,
doctor, I can afford neither tne
time nor tne money." "Well, If
Muti, is uupussiuie, try
SCOTT'S
OF PURE NORWEGIAN
COD LIVER OH
I lomrtlmM Mil It Bermuda Beta
tied, and many cases of
CONSUMPTION. .
Bronchitis, Cough
or otirvro uotak
I nave CTJHEB with it; aad the
advantage Is tbnt the raest seas,
tlve stomach can take It, Another
tains; which commends It Is the
stinralatlnar properties of tha Hy-
nnn1innlilrt whlrh f .nnm...
Yoa vrilJ and It for sale at year I
Brtunrlat'a but see Ton tret tm. t
eriSteal SCOTTS EJnJUSle,."
afWT
WLwm
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