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THE FTTTSBUKG- DISPATCH, STjDAY, PEBRUAET 2, 1890.
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I
GAY GALLERY GODS.
They Applauded and Hissed In Days
of Old as They Do To-Day.
THE DELIGHT OF 'FAB.S1TI BOYS.
Scenes in the Top Loft or the Crowded
Pittsburg Theaters.
THE BHKILL WHISTLE OP APPROVAL
tlWJU'WXX rOE TBS DISPATCH.1
AXT and im
mortal are the
'gods 1" Hot
the dead gods
of old Olym
pus, cor the
bygone war
dogs -of the
Vikings' Va
halla: bat the
living, breath
ing Joves and
Odins who sit
enthroned to
day amid the
dizzy heights
of the topmost
gallery.
In every
land that can boast a theater the "gods" of
the gallery are found. Betore the dawning
of the drama the "cods" rejoiced in the sun
light of their morning. They showered
wreaths upon the g listening hero who urged
lis steeds along the Isthmian track; they
cheered their lavorite gladiator in tbe slip
pery arena, where blood gushed forth like
rain. Their pitiless hiss was heard above
the tumult when luckless Cimon's halting
Terees lost him the laurel crown, and with
aTage glee they pressed their thumbs
downward upon the benches when the
wounded Spaniard lifted his wistful eyes in
a last prayer lor mercy beneath the heel
of the yellow-haired child of Gaul.
In later times their power of applause or
condemnation was undiminished. One can
imagine the delighted horror of the "gods,"
when in the market place "Mystery Plav,"
his Satanic Majesty, horned, hoofed and
nailed, quite en regie, leaped out of the
The ' Varsity Boy? Tribute.
mouth of hell, as typified by a murky
cavern with a furnace blazing in its depths,
and commanded his myrmidons to seize
upon the villain of the piece, and bear that
sinner to his awful doom. What a raptur
ous sight for the small boys in white
surplices to whom my Lord Abbot had
granted 10 minutes leave! What a treat
tor honest Robin-a-Ditton, who had trotted
in to town with Goody, his wife, perched
on a pillion before him; and the cheese and
apples hanging over Grav Dobbin's mighty
haunches behind! And by-and-bve the
"gods" were privileged beings indeed, for
it fell to them to hear Marlowe's first
majestic lines, and to welcome Will
Shakespeare's maiden efforts. How the
poor frequenters of the Globe and Surrey
galleries must have suffered when black
browed Koll Cromwell drove the players
adrift.
'VABSITT BOYS IN THE GALLEBY.
But the gods never die! They hurrahed Tor
Garrick, howled for Macklin, they woke the
echoes for Edmund Kean. When the little,
black-haired Irishman drew his keen knife,
and glared hate at Christian Antonio, how
the "prentices in tne gallery applauded and
how their souls were racked to be Sbylocks,
tool Dublin, once the rival of London as a
great theatrical center, was and is the para
dise of the gods. In the old Sinock Alley
Theater, and, later, in the Theater Boyal,
the 'varsity boys were for the most part'the
gods. In their shirt sleeves, with mortar
boards on head and gowns on arm, they were
accorded theront seats as a matter or right.
Beautiful Miss O'Neill was long their dar
ling; Jennv Laird and Tietjens became their
idols in later days. One night a young
student, who afterward became Peer of the
Bealm and Privy Councilor, was let down
from the gallery by means of a rope passed
under his armpits. Tietjens was singing the
"Last Bose of Summer" as a tribute to the
audience. She had just reached the last
notes when Lord A was seen dangling
in mid-air with an enormous bouquet in his
arms. The house was astounded, two ladies
fainted, scores shrieked wildly. But Tietjens
knew.Trinity boys, and nnish'ed her song un
disturbed. Then Lord A threw the
bouquet to her feet, and was hauled back
into the gallery in the midst of a storm of
cheers.
The writer remembers his pride, when as
a freshman of T. C. D., he applauded Mary
Anderson from the front bench of the Gaiety
Theater gallery. We drew Mary's carriage
to her hotel afterward, and she asked a
dozen of us to supper. 'Varsity boys do not
frequent galleries in the United States over
much, but the galleries are just as lively for
all that. The spirit of the "gods" is just
as strong in this Iron City of ours, as ever
it was across the water.
THE GALLERIES AT HOME.
Many readers of these notes have, no doubt,
paid a visit to the galleries of local theaters.
If not, the loss is theirs. They have missed
a curious and interesting experience. The
sight of Bobemianism, in shirt sleeves,
munching its peanuts and passing its com
ments upon the play, is worth seeing any
dav.
The writer has often, through the cour
tesy of Messrs. Gulick and Williams, been
permitted to lonnge in the galleries at the
Bijou and the Academy. A fellow-feeling
with Bobemianism, has made these loung
ings fairly frequent; and there is always
some sew type of character, some new
phase of life's seamy side to be observed
upon the upper benches. A few night's
since, an expedition was made to the olvm
pus of the Bijou. "The White Slave," a
great ''gallery play," was "on the boards,"
and it was quite evident that Mr. Gulick
anticipated a large attendance of "gods,"
for he had doubled the number of ticket
takers at the doors. As the writer strolled
up the steps, a young colored lady of six or
seven summers, appeared.
"Is they any gals upstairs, Mistah ?" she
asked of the ticket-taker, with a caution and
propriety higblv commendable.
"JSot many," replied the questioned one,
eyeing the lady from head to foot, somewhat
superciliously.
"Den 'twouldn't be nice for me to go up,"
said Miss musingly. "Still I guess I'll take
a look around myself."
THERE IS KO RESISTING.
Accordingly she walked abreast with the
writer to the gallery door, where, seeing no
"gals" at all, she halted for a few seconds.
"When a woman hesitates she is lost"
Miss looked cunningly up at the writer and
said: "Dey's no ladies heah. Guess i;il
go in an' see de gen'l'men."
The gallerv was crowded it was a full
Olvmpus. With a happy disregard of "les
convenances" the "gods" sat, sprawled,
stood upright or occupied any other position
which suited their ideas for the nonce. In
a far corner three tables groaned beneath
the wares of the refreshment vendor. Mys
terious bottles containing somber liquids
the nectar, no doubt, of these Olympians;
luscious oranges piled high In rich hued
pyramids; myriads upon myriads of highly
attractive doughnuts, sandwiches, apples,
candy and other edibles ambrosial food for
Jupiter Tonans all these found place on
the refreshment tables. There were three
Ganymedes instead of the conventional one
Ganymedes who glided about in their
shirtsleeves and watched over their goods
with wakeful care All the "gods" ap
peared to be eating. There was a steady
"munch-munch" kept up throughout the
entire performance, with an interval now
and then for purposes of applause. A
young colored man, perched upon the back
of one of the benches, was particularly
noticeable from the huge bag of peanuts he
carried. He leaned slightly forward, his
headgear pushed back from the swarthy
forehead, glistening with perspiration, and
clutched the big conical bag. He was not a
The Gallerv God's Whistle.
tall man, and the peanut receptacle reached
almost to the level of his eyes. Over this
improvised eye-rest he watched the play;
and eat steadily at his peanuts. He had a
very nice calculation, that colored man. He
allowed for seven acts in the "White Slave,"
so he purchased peanuts enough to last for
seven acts, at so many nuts per act. But he
wa! foiled. The filth act did not last for
five minutes, and at the end of the play the
calculator must have been annoyed to find
a useless surplus of peanuts.
Macaulav could always study best when
eating bread and butter. The "gods" enjoy
themselves most when munching peanuts.
HOW THE GODS CATCH ON.
Somehow or other, the finer sentiment of
the piece seemed to escape the gallery.
They laughed at an oft-repeated guv, like
Mrs. Lee's oft-repeated "Mist er Stitch;"
and they pounded the benches, shouted, and
emitted shrill whistles, suggestive of loco
motive yards, when the "hero mouthed a
grandiose sentiment, or the villain was de
fied by the heroine in an unusually tragic
manner. They seemed to like a good situa
tion, and they reveled in a discharge of fire
arms. Six or seven newsies (they must
have been newsies from their voices)
perched on the back rail, like so many spar
rows, and whistled whenever a pistol went
off. When the "Belle Creole" blew up,
they whistled so loudly that a seedy and
trampish-looking gentleman on the fifth
row leaped to his feet and looked round in
dismay. Poor fellow, he had been dozing,
and awoke to hear, as he thought, the night
express come hurtling along the ties be
hind his weary bones.
Oh that gallery whistle! It is the grand
secret of the gods, transmitted through
long generations of gallery frequenters. It
rises high above the loudest acclamations
it is heard in the fiercest tempest of cheers.
These little Gavroches on the rail were
not shy about expressing their sentiments on
the play. It was "Jimmy, dat's a corker,
dat gall" and "Git on to his gun. bovs."aud
"Hope dat ar Lacy'll get hung, bymeby,"
from the rising of the curtain, even unto the
falling thereof. One of the little gamins
had owned to a lurking feeling in Lacy's
favor. This made him the target for bis
friends' scorn and derision "Now whar's
yer Lacy? Guess he's beat this time."
"Knockin a woman down! Ob, he's a daisy,
he is." "Put a bullet in him, the big cow
ard." These were the taunts levelled at
Lacy's defender, who still held his own
stubbornly, and exclaimed when the villain
was arrested, "Wal, they was four to one
agin him, anyhow."
BREAKS FOR THE DOOR.
At the end of every act there was a rush
for the door. The privilege of going out
when you want to go out, and getting a
check "just like a dude goin' for a drink,"
is an enticing one to gallery Arabs. The
writer was borne with the stream down the
staircase to where the check-bestowers stood.
"Mister, gimme check;" "Gimme check,
mister;" "Gimme ttvo checks, mister, for
me an' Whitey," shouted the youths on the
crest of the wave. How they all got checks
was astonishine to a degree. Behind came
the older folks, among them some gentrv
whose rubicund nasal organs hinted that,
like Mr. Squeers, they were "going to stretch
their legs a bit between whiles." These
took their checks more soberly, but as the
play progressed, and the leg stretchings grew
more frequent, there is little doubt but that
the sobriety would be largely diminished.
Leaving the Bijou gallery the writer
hastened toward that of the Academy of
Music. In the cozy little theater over
which Mr. Harry Williams presides, the
gallery is much the same as in the Bijon.
Of coarse the "tough" element was present,
as it was aho in the Bijou. One cannot
keep the tough gods ont, that is apparent.
But the gallery attendants moved about,
ready to pounce down upon any disturber of
the public peace. Perhaps it was imagina
tion, but apples and oranges seemed to the
writer more in favor at the Academy than
peanuts. Two or three young fellows sit
ting near the front rail, devouring the latter
juicy fruit, seemed bent upon making the
mouths of the fair singers water, and thus
impeding their vocalization.
THEY WHO CHEERED LOUDEST.
With the love for beauty which is rooted
deep in the Celtic nature, the Irish element,
or a very large slice thereof, had put in an
appearance in the Academy gallery. It
was they who did the loudest pounding and
clapping, it was they who whistled shrillest
at the encore of a popular cantratice, or
danseuse. It was they who, in accents re
dolent of breezy Connemara, punctuated the
performance with approving remarks. The
newsies did not flock quite so thickly to
Mr. Williams show. The overpowering
attraction of "The White Slave" quite out
did the Academy in the minds ot these
yonng worshipers of melodrama. But of
"children of a larger growth" there were
plenty, and so far as crowds went there was
little to choose between the two galleries.
A little while was spent among the
Academy "gods" alas that it should have
been but a little while! The end of the per
formance came all too soon, and the writer
felt regretful, as he passed out of the gallery,
still echoing with the last burst of applause,
and descended with his friends, the gods, in
motley concourse, to the street. In the street
the Olympians melted away, to alley, or to
mill, or to eating house whithersoever duty
or whim chanced to call them. But their
destinations mattered little, in the streets
their divinity had left them; out of the gal
lery they were "gods" no longer.
Been an.
Look Here, Friend, Are Ton SIckT
Do you suSer from dyspepsia, indigestion,
sour stomach, liver complaint, nervousness,
lost appetite, biliousness, exhaustion or
tired feeling, pains in chest or lungs, dry
coughs, nightsweats, or any form of con
sumption? If so, send to Prof. Hart, 88
Warren street, New York, who will send
yon free, by mail, a bottle of Ploraplexion,
which u a sure cure. Send to-day. eos
THE FLOWER GIRLS.
Nearly Four Hundred Perfume the
Bight Air in New York City.
CLUB MEN THEIR BEST PATRONS.
A Weil-Known Woman Who Has Sold Nose
gays a Quarter of a Century.
COKKLIKG'S ST0EI OP NELL GWINSE
rCORKISPOnDENCE OF Till DISPATCH. 1
New Tore", February 1. There are
nearly 400 flower girls in the city of New
York. Those are the figures given by the
big florists who supply them with nosegays.
Sadly enough nearly all of them perfume
only the night air with their wares. Those
who peddle nature's brightest smiles during
the daytime are mostly big, hulking fellows
whose bawls can be heard above the din of
the bustling shopping thoroughfares where
women most do congregate, for women form
the vast majority of daytime purchasers of
small floral bunches. Among her big sis
ters the little flower girl, not timid, but
small of voice and powerless to resist the
swerving current of the street, would be a
worthless straw. So the big fellows win.
But the latter in turn are powerless at
night when their gilded brethcrn become the
nosegay purchasers Should they then
venture forth with their wares they would
be met only with sneer and jibe while the
fragile little things in calico gowns find a
silver shower mingled always with kind
words and gentle smiles and rarely with
even an approach to raillery. These little
hand-maidens of Flora appear to be the
wards of the public Prom nightfall until
even midnight they flit from hotel to hotel,
from table d'hote to table d'hote, trom
theater to theater, and Anally front chop
house to chop house aud he would be indeed
a daring ruffian who caused one of them to
shrink back in alarm. They are not the
ragged flower girl of the drama, Bitting on a
step beneath a storm of paper snow and sing
ing a drearisome song. Their locks are
neatly brushed, their faces washed to rosi
ness, their clothing tidy, their shoes whole
and almost without exception tneir oiossom
laden trays presses against snowy white
aprons. Their mothers who send them forth
and some of whom accompany them to the
door of each place which they enter, are re
sponsible for the neat pictures which the
busy damsels present for they know that the
brightest looking, sweetest looking, tidiest
looking lass opens the most purses.
THEIR RICHEST FIELD.
Their greatest field of profit is provided by
the hundreds and hundreds of table d'hote
establishments which in their varied French,
Italian, German, Hungarian and Hebraic
forms constitute, especially in recent years,
one of the most strikingly European feat
ures of New York life, and which, as they
vary in the price of a course dinner from 25
Lizzie, the Flower Girl.
cents to $1 0, are patronized by the humble
and the high. The table d'hotes are pre
sided over by chefs, "late of the Delmon
ico," who are a legion in themselves, and
there are scores of maitres de cuisine "for
merly of the Union Club." Places such as
these are largely patronized by clubmen,
not bv reason of economy, but
in order to vary J the monotony
of the eating part of existence.
In these the flower girls who are debarred from
most of the fashionable restaurants, find
their richest ground. Their feminine art
fulness displays itself when they approach a
man whose attention to a fair companion be
trays his devotion. The boutoniere which
the bachelor at the adjoining table has
gruffly declined is quickly dropped in the
tray, and, with a deft movement, a turn of
the little head to one side and a bright
smile, a bunch of roses is held beneath
Mademoiselle's shapely nose. "How
sweet," ejaculates the woman looking at the
child, not at the flowers, and the man, un
less he is a hardened brute, dives into a
pocket, and the sale is made.
What becomes of them as they grow older?
The answer to that is a varied tale and,
like all human narratives, sometimes sad,
sometimes charmingly romantic It is safe
to say, however, that in these prosaic days
there is no approach ever made to the ro
mance of the one famous flower girl of
English history.
BOSCOE CONKLTNG AND NELL GWYNNE.
Botcoe Conkling once, in private conver
sation, in a natural burst of eloquence
which so frequently illumined his verbal
structures made an epitome of Nell
Gwynne's life which cannot be rivaled. The
story was told me by its only listener. The
incident occurred during the memorable
Garfield-Hancock Presidental campaign.
The New York Senator was sulking in his
tent. General Grant's indifference to the
result of the election was well known. The
Bepublican cause seemed hopeless. The
famous Mentor conference was held, and
Conkling and Grant, side by side, rallied
the Bepublican hosts from their hiding
places. They began the battle at Warren, O.,
and continued it in Cleveland, Cincinnati,
Bichmond, Ind., Indianapolis, Terra Haute
and again in Indianapolis. It was after his
great speech in Terre Haute and when re
turning to Indianapolis that Senator Conk
ling said to a newspaper correspondent who
eat beside him: "What was the nameof that
man who gave us the lunch in the railroad
station?"
"Beauclerk," was the reply. "He is the
editor of the Bepublican alternoon news
paper of Terre Haute."
"I wish I had thought of that," said
Conkling. musingly. "I might have made
a happy allusion to it. Beauclerk reminds
me of Nell Gwynne."
"How is that?" asked the newspaperman.
ONE OF THE GREATEST TRIO.
"Beauclerk, Duke of St. Albans," replied
the Senator, "was the most prominent of the
12 sons of Nell Gwvnne. who. with Marv.
Queen of Scots, and Joan of Arc, made up a
trio of the greatest women who ever lived. A
man who even at this day would not shoul
der a musket in defense of such heroic char
acters would not be worthy of the name"
Then, with eyes glistening, and the tragic
gesture of the rostrnm, Mr. Conkling con
tinued: "Nell Gwynne was born in a coal
yard; raised like a bladeof grass between two
cobblestones; a flower girl in a theater; the
slave of an actor, and afterward of a king;
the mother of a royal race, and the founder
of the holiest charity (Greenwich Hospital)
which ever blessed mankind."
Never flower girl nor queen had her life
more concisely told.
When inquiring what becomes of flower
girls when they grow older the assumption
that unlike their sisters of the ballet, they
cease io be flower girls appears in one in
stance at least, to be unwarranted. There is
not a "man about town" in New York who
doe3 not know "Lizzie" or "Mary" as some
of the incorrectly informed persist in nam
ing her. The picture shows her not as she
is seen at midnight in the Broadway vesti
bule to Delmonico's, nor as she appears at
2 o'clock in the morning in the entrance to
the well-known lair of the Welsh rarebit on
Twenty-sixth street, but Lizzie as she sits at
home on Sundays with her bevy of full
grown children about ber, and just as she
proudly insisted she should be handed down
to history by the photographer's art But
yet she is a "flower girl" and flower girl she
will be to the end of the chapter, although
her form is portly and her height greater
than that of the average man.
BEGAN IN WAR TIMES.
Lizzie she has another name, of course.
but nobody ever bothers with it else they
might be guilty of calling her "Mrs." be
gan selling flowers far back in war times.
She was a tall slip of a girl, but even then
with an arm which a blacksmith's helper
might envy. Even in those brawling days
she rarely met with else than courtesy.
Later on she had an exceptional experience
with the well-known Jimmy Oliver, which
her old-time acquaintances among men-about-town
frequently narrate with glee and
which she sometimes when pressed will
speak of with unaffected indignation. She
was walking along Broadway at night with
her nosegays when the so-called "Prince of
Paradise Park" attempted what psrhaps he
considered an act of gallantry toward her.
The meek little flower girl quietly placed
her tray upon a step and then seizing the
surprised "Prince" she wiped with him the
pavement of the Fifth Avenue Hotel, in
front of which the occurrence took place, in
such a thorough manner that it did not re
quire brooming next morning. Little Lizzie
was not annoyed much after that.
She was quickly installed as afavorite
among men who seek refreshments in popu
lar public places after theater closing, and
she has never forgotten those who aided her
to make an honest livelihood in her young
days. I am familiar with two striking in
stances of this. Among her earliest friends
were A. Wright Sanford and Captain Will
iam M. Connor. They never saw her,
whether they bought flowers or not. without
giving her money, and many 10 notes have
these generons hands cheered her with on
stormy, saleless nights. Scarcely more than
a year ago Sanford, who was the" most popu
lar club man in New York, died. When his
body lay in The Little Church Around the
Corner that edifice was filled with a throng
of notable, fashionable people, all sincere
mourners, The air was heavy with the fra
grance of costly floral emblems of grief.
A SIMPLE BUT TOUCHING SCENE.
As the casket was being borne away there
was noticed midway in the center aisle the
figure of a broad-shouldered and unusually
tall woman, whose downcast head was cov
ered with a woolen hood, and who was
wrapped in a large aud heavy plaid shawl.
As the body reached her, Lizzie "the
flower girl" lifted a face down which the
tears were pouring, and drawing from be
neath her shawl a large wreath composed of
nothing bnt violets, dropped it on the coffin
land sobbed forth, in unconscious repetition
ot the olt-repeated words ot Joe, the cross
ing sweeper, in "Bleak House," "He was
good to me, he was." I saw men of the
world weep at that simple act
Last summer, when Captain Connor was
absent in Europe, Lizzie made peculiarly
persistent inquiries at the St James Hotel
as to when the proprietor would return. He
had not been in his room two hours after
landing when, after knocking, a neatly
dressed lad entered, and, handing him a
large horseshoe made of violets and roses,
disappeared without a word. A card on the
floral offering bore the inscription: "Good
Luck from Lizzie, the Flower Girl."
Lizzie is no rival of her far younger sis
ters. She begins her travels far later than
they, and it is not unusual to find her in the
entryway of the Twenty-ninth street chop
house as late as 3 o'clock in the morning.
And while she toils cheerfully and smilingly
far into the night, her little one? are sleep
ing in their beds, for she will not permit one
of them to engage in the life which she has
pursued so long and so well.
Louis N. Meoargee.
PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS.
Fall Text ot a BUI Jnat Introduced In the
Iovrn Legislature.
Des Moines, Ia., February 1. Senator
Schmidt, of Davenport, will introduce a
bill in the Senate which is unique. No
such bill has ever passed any Legislature in
the United States. It is as follows:
A hill for an act to render privileged, confiden
tial communications to editors, publishers
and reporters of newspapers.
Be it enacted, eta. That no editor, publisher
or reporter of any newspaper shall be compelled
to disclose anv connaentiai communication
made to him in his professional capacity, or to
disclose the name of the author of any editorial
or article tarnished such paper for publication,
or to disclose the name of any person furnish
ing Information for publication; provided, how
ever, that in any proceeding, civil or criminal,
against any person on account of the publica
tion of such editorial, article or information,
sneb editor, publisher or reporter may be com
pelled to testify whether or not the defendant
was the author of such editorial or article or
turnished the information complained of.
The effect of this bill will be to place edi
tors and reporters, when acting in a profes
sional capacity, on the same footing as law
yers and clergymen.
MARSHALL. FIELD fc CO.
GohIp In Drygoodi Circles Over the Retire
ment of ibe New York Partner What
Mr. Marshall Field Sara.
Chicago, February 1, 1890. (Special.)
The following item was published in the
New York Herald of Sunday morning:
Reports that conld not be verified late last
night were circulated that Lorenzo G.
"Woodhouse, the New York partner of Mar
shall Field & Co., of Chicago, bad retired
from business relations with that firm.
Twenty-five years ago Mr. Woodhouse left
the employ of George Bliss & Co., of this
city, to take a partnership in the firm of
Field, Palmer & Leiter, which at once took
the lead in the drygoods trade. Two years
later Mr. Potter Palmer withdrew from the
firm to manage his hotel and real estate bus
iness in Chicago. In 1881 Mr. L. Z. Leiter
retired with a bank account of several mil
lions. The firm name since then has been
Marshall Field & Co.
Ill health is the cause assigned for the re
tirement of Mr. 'Woodhouse, who is credited
with a fortune of about 4,000,000; but mem
bers of the trade in this city say that Mr.
"Woodhouse has been very much dissatisfied
with Mr. Field's policy of cutting and
slashing prices during the past two years.
Mr. Field's idea has been that he could thns
stop Western trade from coming to New
York. This policy the New YorK partner
is said to have opposed vigorously.
Mr. Woodhouse is a prominent member
of the Union League and other clubs.
A reporter lor the Inter Ocean, of this city,
called upon Marshall Field & Co. yesterday
afternoon, with the above clipping, and met
Mr. Field, who had already seen the para
graph, having seen the New York Sunday
Herald. He said:
"Mr. Woodhouse has retired, but entirely
voluntarily on his part, aud much to our
regret. Of course we are all well aware,
as are others, that we have sold our mer
chandise for the last 20 years lower than any
house in the country, and shall continue
the same policy. We have always bought
our goods in Europe and this country for
prompt cash, and sold for cash or shorter
time than other houses, which enables ns to
make lower prices than our competitors.
who seem to thint they are selling time in
stead of drygoods. Our policy secures the
sharp, prompt-paying, best merchants of the
country. The same policy will be continued
as in the past, and with which Mr. Wood
house was always in entire accord."
Call find See Oar Mew. Carpets.
New wiltons, English and American.
New Scotch axminsters.
New moquettes and gobelins.
New velvet carpets.
New body and tapestry brnssels.
The new agra carpet, first ever shown
here.
New ingrain carpets.
The largest stock ever opened in this
city, at Edward Groebinger's, 627 and 629
Penn avenue.
Cam Bain or Shine.
Bring the children and have their photos
taken at Aufrecht's Elite Gallery, 516 Mar
ket st. Pittsburg. Cabinets, ?1 per dozen.
Use elevator.
CARET THE GOSPEL
The Lesson in Philip's Appeal is to
Come and See.
CHRISTIANITY IS AGGRESSIVE.
The Church Isn't a Spiritual Life Insur
ance Institution.
OUR STERN DUTY TO ODE BROTHERS
1WB1TTMT rOB TUB DISPATCH. 1
Christianity is an aggressive religion. It
is never contented. It is never satisfied.
It stands alone among the religions of the
race in its zeal for making converts. It will
never stop till it has discovered every
Nathaniel and brought him in. It will
never stop till the whole world is Christian.
And it will not rest even then till every
Christian is a good Christian. That will be
a good while. The millennium will be here
by that time.
This aggressive spirit marks the temper
ot every Christian who has learned the
mind of the Master, and has caught the
actual meaning of His religion. The Chris
tian does not imagine that his work is done
when he has worked out his own salvation.
He does not imagine that the chief part of
his work consists in working out his own
salvation. He finds a higher task in help
ing, uplifting, trying to save somebody else.
William Wilberforce was a good kind of
Christian. He was puzzled how to answer
the question of a good brother who asked
after the condition of his soul. He said
that he had been so busy trying to save the
souls ana ooaies or some half a dozen mil
lions of enslaved negroes that he had almost
forgotten that he had any soul himself.
Some people seem to have an idea that
the Christian religion is a kind of spiritual
life insurance company, and that the chief
end of man is to get to heaven. But the
Christian the genuine Christian has no
such selfish spirit. He remembers that he
who will save his life shall lose it, and that
he only who is content to lose his life for
Christ's sake, and his brother's sake, shall
find it. We are good Christians just in
proportion as we follow the apostle who,
having himself found Christ, lost no time
till he should bring his brother also.
THE SPIRIT OP EABNEST SIEK.
This aggressive spirit, this longing to
reach out and bring some brother in, this
feeling in a man's heart that he must make
someone else acquainted with hi? truth, and
a sharer in his blessing this marks not
only the Christian but the earnest man, the
world over. It fired the heart of one earn
est man, a camel driver in an Arabian
desert, and made him a, prophet for a sixth
part of the human race. "Tho' the sun
stand upon my right hand and the moon
upon my left." said Mohammed, "and both
command me hold my peace, yet must I
speak!"
It stirred the sonl of another earnest
man, a simple German schoolmaster, and
made of him a mighty lever for overturn
ing nearly all the established institutions of
his dav, and building them over again bet
ter. He stood firm, that honest Luther.
Nothing could shake him. "God help me,"
he said, "I can do no other, speak I must."
All the priests and popes, all the curses,
civil and ecclesiastical, all the flames and
faggots in the world notwithstanding, he
must utter forth the truth that was in him.
Were he confronted by as many devils as
there were tiles on all the roofs of all the
cities of all Europe, yet must he break
throngh, and tell his message.
This aggressive spirit makes all earnest
men akin. The earnest man can never be
contented to be right all alone. He will
have no monopoly of truth. He will not
have his brain a prison, but a treasure
house. What he sees he wants the whole
world to see. His desire is that of the
apostle who stood before Agrippa: "I would
to God that not only thou, but also all
that hear me this day, were both almost and
altogether such as I am." And that
all men may be snch as he is, possessors of
the same truth, travelers in the same path,
sharers in the same blessing to bring that
about he mast speak. Necessity is laid
upon him. "Woe is me." he cried, "if I
preach not the gospel."
PHILIP FINDETH NATHANIEL.
It is interesting and instructive to notice
how this aggressive spirit, which is the
quality of greatness, marks in Holy Scrip
ture even the humblest Christians. "The
day following Jesns would go forth into
Galilee and findeth Philip, and saith to
him: Follow me" and so Philip became a
Christian. And what next? "Philip find
eth Nathaniel." He cannot rest till he has
fonnd his friend and brought him.
It is the same in Samaria. "The woman
saith 'unto Him, I know that Messiah com
eth, which is called Christ Jesus saith unto
her: I that speak unto thee am He." What
a revelation was therel That was the
very plainest word yet. To no one anywhere
had" he told that great truth so fully and dis
tinctly. "I am the Christ." What does the
woman do with this word from heaven?
"The woman then left her water-pot, and
went her way into the city, and saith unto
the men, come, see a man which told me all
things that ever I did. Is not this the
Christ?"
Always this word "come." "Come,"
cries Andrew to his brother Simon; "come,"
says Philip to Nathaniel; "come," entreats
this woman of Samariastopping every one
she meets in the street. These people must
speak. They must get somebody else. They
must tell what great things Christ has done
for their souls.
The Master heals a demoniac in Gadara.
"And he went his way and published
throughout the whole city how great things
Jesus had done unto him."
Matthew leaves his custom house and fol
lows Christ. He gives up a good business;
he abandons a chance to make a fortune.
He brings his money, no doubt, but that is
not enough he must bring his friends, too.
He makes a great supper, and gets all the
publicans together to meet Him whom
henceforth he proposes to follow.
SILENCE IS IMPOSSIBLE.
The authorities seize hold of Peter and
John and say you must speak no more in
this name. If you do, we will put you in
prison, ana worse alterward. And the
Apostles answered: "Whether it be right in
the sight of God to hearken unto yon more
than unto God, you are as good judges as
we are. - or we cannot out speac the things
which we have seen and heard."
Tney simply conld not help it The
great truth of the Christian faith had
flashed in upon the souls of
these men, and to keep silence
about it was impossible. Better be put in
a thousand prisons better die first, rather
than be still. St Stephen did die. They
might stone him, if they would, but while
breath was in him, speak he must
This aggressive spirit, this impulse of the
Christian Philip to find Nathaniel, this
duty, this desire, this necessity, ot open tes
timony and personal appeal, ought to char
acterize every Christian. Every Christian
in this world ought to be making somebody
else Christian.
I know that it is not easy to sneak to peo
ple in private conversation about the sub
ject of religion. One reason is that we dis
like to make ourselves disagreeable. We
are afraid that the subject may not be a
pleasant one. It is, indeed, true that
Philip can make himself intensely dis
agreeable. He can speak in an unnatural
tone of voice, and with a constrained
manner, and in cant phrases. He can dis
gust Nathaniel, and do more harm than
good to him. There are few more uncom
lortably disagreeable people than the man
or woman who is piously disagreeable.
They make the very saints themselves feel
wicked.
NEED NOT BE DI8AQBEEABLE.
But surely one essential element in all
trne religion is genuine manliness and
womanliness. There is nothing in the
themes themselves that need be disagreeable
to anvbody. They touch the highest, the
most "interesting, the most important, the
most helpful trnths-in the world. If they
are disagreeable, it is either because the one
to whom you speak has something the mat
ter with his conscience, or because yon have
not spoken genuinely and sensibly. Choose
fitting occasions and fitting people. Choose
natural words, and be a3 much your natu
ral self as you can. Yon will not be disa
greeable. In every friendship that is worth any
thing, whether between parent and child, or
between friend and friend, the moment does
come, and not onco or twice only, when it is
just the time for yon to speak. Be on the
watch for that moment, and then speak.
Have the aggressive spirit in your heart, be
possessed with a sense of responsibility for
your Christian influence, seek every oppor
tunity to make somebody else as good a
Christian as you are yourself, and you will
find Nathaniel and bring him in, too.
Who can measure the value and helpful
ness of earnest, open, manly. Christian
speech? Sometimes a word has changed the
whole current of a life. And vour words,
just because they are spoken by you, will be
more impressive than a hundred sermons.
Philip was not deterred from speaking to
Nathaniel from any fear of making himself
disagreeable; nor was he so much impressed,
as some are, by the sacredness of religion,
that he felt he conld do no better thing with
his blessing than to keep it to himself. He
had made the discovery of discoveries. He
had found Christ Hi's first thought was for
his friend. He mnst bring his friend into
Christ's prison. He wanted to make a
Christian disciple out of Nathaniel, and he
let nothing stand in the way..
Philip was not kept back even bv the
smullness of hlsown Knowledge of Chnst,
or by his inability to argue much about
Him. He had known Christ only one day,
and when Nathaniel, having listened to
what he had to urge about Him, interposed
an objection, "Can any good thing come out
of Nazareth?" seeming to doubt the whole
truth which Philip brought him, Philip had
only one answer: "Come and see." Only
come, he said, look into His face, hear Him
speak, put yourself within reach of His in
fluence and make up your own mind. That
was no argument But it was belter than a
whole encyclopedia of arguments. Nathan
iel did come and see, and that made a Chris
tian ont of Nathaniel.
Geoeqe Hodqes.
ART MATTERS IN THE CITY.
A painting by L. Sturm, the artist who ex
ecuted the large work after Raphael for Mr.
Andrew Carnegie, is shown this weekat Boyd's.
The picture, which appears to be an old one,
represents Mary Magdalen reclining upon the
floor of a cavern intently regarding the pages
of a book spread open before her, while near
by is seen a symbol of mortality in the form of
a human skull. The work Is well handled and
of good color, bat upon a close examination of
the volume, it strikes one as presenting rather
a modern appearance.
Ms. J. Euikr Salisbury, the yonng South
side artist, who is still pursuing his studies in
Paris, has sent boms three new pictures
which arrived in the city a few days ago, and
are now at bis residence on Tenth street The
notable work of the three is a morning effect
In a picturesque glen down which the sparkling
waters oi a mountain stream una tnetr way.
This is a very large painting, and one In which
considerable skill in coloring and composition
is shown. The other pictures are both por
traits of children. All three pictures have
been badly damaged in transit
Mb. A. C. Wooster Is becoming favorably
known as a clever painter of still-life subjects,
bat be has not yet managed to relieve his
works of the somber appearance which bis in
tensely dark backgrounds cast over them. It
wonld be extremely difficult to paint an old
wicker basket and a few russetapples any more
truthfully than has been done in the work
which he is showing this week at Morrison's,
and if they were seen against a background ot
anything brighter and more suggestive than a
flat wall of dark brown paint, the picture
would be a thoroughly artistic production.
Mrs. W. H. Milleb, of Allegheny, has a
very creditable painting on exhibition In the
GillespiA gallery. The subject is a still-life
consisting of a group of richly colored objects
very tastefully arranged. The leading feature
of the work is a vase of roses standing upon a
small table covered with silk drapery and seen
in relief against a screen of dark plush. The
work is well and freely handled, and is lacking;
only in that solidity and substantial appear
ance characteristic of more scientific painting.
The objects are tastefully arranged, cleverly
drawn and reasonably well colored. A notice
able fault however, is that the roses are too
nearly of the same shade as the covering of
the table, bat In the face of so much excellent
work it is scarcely fair to pick ont the faults of
a work which in its general effect would do
credit to some of our professional artists.
Mb. Geokqz Hetzel's latest landscape
may be seen daring the present week at Boyd's.
The scene is at the junction of the Uonemaugh
and the Loyalhanna, and it is painted with a
view to representing the spot as nearly as pos
sible in the way it appeared 100 years ago, for
which purpose the artist has idealized the work
in several respects, particularly by obliterating
some ot the more modern features of tbe
scene. Several wigwams are introdnced
upon the farther bank of the stream,
and a canoe containing a conple of Indian
braves is represented floating upon its glassy
surface. The effect rendered Is that of a bright
sunny day in mid-summer with a silvery lumi
nous sky and a clear flood of light over the
landscape. In regard to drawing and coloring
tbe work Is very true to nature, and m respect
of handling is up to Mr. Hetzel's usual high
standard, all that need be said, as this veteran
artist's pictures are so widely known that com
ment upon his manner of execution is unnces
sary. Br far the best picture that Mr. Wils Porter
has yet shown is at present on exhibition at
Boyd's. Like most of this artist's works, the
subject is a scene of military life, and the title,
"Bringing TJp the Guns," conveys a very clear
Idea of its character. The scene represented
is, that of a battery advancing in readiness for
action, and as regards conception and composi
tion the work must certainly be regarded
as a very excellent one. There is some
very faulty drawing in the figure of
one of the horses, unfortunately the nearest
and most prominent one ot them all, bnt in
other parts tbe painting has been vpry cleverly
done, both In drawing and coloring. Tbe
figures are well arranged on tbe canvas and the
action is strong and life-like. Tbe landscape
feature of the picture is kept properly sub
ordinate in Interest: it is in harmony with the
spirit of the scene and is fairly well handled.
Altogether, Mr. Porter deserves credit for
having produced a painting that will at once
attract attention as being ont of the beaten
track so closely followed by the majority of our
local artists.
New Bntlnesi of the Equitable far January.
The new business of the Equitable Life
Assurance Society for January, 1890, was
twenty-one millions of dollars, a gain of five
millions over January, 1889. Their business
for the year 1889 was nearly fifty millions
larger than that of any other company.
E. A. Woods, Manager,
516 Market st, Pittsburg.
SFKING CARPETS
Are All Open and Ready for Inspection at
Groetzlnirer's.
There are many beautiful and entirely
new patterns in all grades of carpets to be
found in our spring importation. ,
Many of the patterns shown here are con
fined to us.
Ladies are requested to call in when out
shopping whether desiring to purchase or
not. The goods will prove as entertaining
as an Easter bonnet opening to you.
xou never saw an agra carpet, and you
can't see them anywhere else in Pittsburg
outside oi our bouse.
EDWAED GEOETZIirOEE,
627 and 629 Penn avenue.
Mr. Hendricks, of Hendricks & Co.,
ponular photographers, No. ,68 Federal St.,
Allegheny, makes a specialty of children's
photographs. Every mother is invited to
bring the little folks next week. Good cabi
nets for $1 a dozen.
Entire satisfaction can come only when
the best is used. In making beer the Iron
City Brewing Compsny employ the choicest
ingredients and their patrons are always
pleased. All dealers keep their celebrated
Iron City, Pittsburg and Pilsner brands.
Z. Wainwrioht & Co.'s ale and beer
aTe ever in demand by those who appreciate
the results of skillful brewing of the finest
materials. Give them a trial. Families
supplied direct 'Phone 6526. watt
Come see our new spring goods Monday,
Tuesday and Wednesday.
Kir able & SacsTEB, 35 Fifth are.
GOOD ROADS OR BAD.
One Solution of a Problem of Great
Interest to the Public.
WHERE THE BEST HIGHWAYS ABE.
So Setter Pablic Roods Anywhere Than
Are Fonnd in the South.
CONTICT LABOE EMPL0IED THERE
1WBITTEH FOB THZ DISPATCH.
In Pennsylvania one of the earliest laws
passed after tbe Bevolutionarr War was in
the direction of reforming the penal code.
An act of 1786 provided that certain crimes,
which, until then, had been capitally pun
ished, should thereafter be puished by labor,
"publicly and disgracefully imposed."
Under this law the convicts were em
ployed in cleaning streets, repairing roads,
etc., their heads were shaved, and they were
clothed in a coarse uniform. The concurrent
testimony of all, however, is to the effect
that tbe result of this movement was to in
crease crime and to degrade the criminal,
whose shame at the public exposure soon
hardened into sullen reseniment and impo
tent rage. The Legislature, upon witness
ing the disastrous effects of this system npon
the criminal and npon society, attempted its
reform with great vigor. The acts of the
years 1789-90-14-5 prove the anxiety to cor
rect mistakes and establish a system of pun
ishments which should combine severity
and certainty with humanity, and, "by re
moving public disgrace and the temptation
to excess, leave room for the possible en
trance ot reformation."
still ur force.
A portion of the law of April 6, 1790,
abont jail prisoners is still in force in the
State. The system of solitary confinement
and in-doors labor, formulated in that era is
still the basis of the present arrangement,
thongh modified by modern legislation.
The commission for tbe improvement of
country roads in Pennsylvania, appointed
recently by Governor Beaver, is now con
sidering, in connection with the character of
improvements, the question of labor. That
ot convict labor is advocated by several of
the members, thus coming back to the exact
state of things that ruled in Pennsylvania
more than a century ago. Of course con
ditions have changed since then, and what
may then have seemed a good reason for
abolishing convict labor on the roads at
that time is no reason at all now.
There are vastly more criminals. The
very system of indoor labor then originated
has resulted in evils which the lawmakers
of pioneer days were not shrewd enough to
foresee. Chief among these is the competi
tion offered free labor in the trades of manu
facturing. Our criminal laws are even
more stringent and "the sullen resentment
and impotent rage" of convicts because
publicly exhibited, would avail nothing
nowadays. Public opinion demands any
practicable method ' of dealing with
prisoners so as to check crime; and public
opinion in this State is anxious for any
available system by which better highways
may be built for indespensable overland
traffic Thus, two good purposes are com
bined in one, notwithstanding failure of
such an experiment 100 years ago in our own
State.
CONVICT LABOR OK THE EOADS.
While in Washington City a few days
ago I talked with Congressmen from various
States about their systems of road making.
In Missouri. New Jersey, North Carolina,
South Carolina and Texas, convicts work on
public ways by State direction directly. In
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana and Missis
sippi the convict labor is leased out to dif
ferent townships or counties lor road and
street improvements. In the State of Vir
ginia the contract system prevails in letting
out prisoners for work on public ways. In
Alabama the latest laws give the courts dis
cretion to sentence prisoners to labor on
county roads and empower the County Com
missioners to let them to private contractors
for that work also. A particular act ex
empts females from the prisons from labor
of this class. When the male prisoners are
so assigned they are shackled while at work,
and if night finds them some distance from
the prison they "must be confined in a sub
stantial building or a stockade and carefully
guarded."
METHODS OP THE 'WORK.
In Georgia when any county, city, town
or village determines to organize a chain
gang of misdemeanored convicts to work on
the roads they must file with the clerk of
any court throughout the State their de
mand. When any person shall be convicted
of misdemeanor and sentenced to work on
the public roads, such convict shall be
turned over to the county or town having
the oldest unfilled demand on the books.
Convict labor on public works in North
Carolina is developed to a high degree. In
addition to repairing and making roads,
prisoners are made to do whatever offers.
The beantiful mansion for the Governor of
the State which stands in Burke Square,
Raleigh, was entirely created by convicts,
the materials all being manufactured in the
penitentiaries and the construction carried
on by the men, eyen to the hod carrying.
The result of this system is that the country
roads generally in the South at least in the
agricultural regions are kept in the very
best order. The convicts work Blowly and
under careful supervision. The work is
therefore of the firmest character.
GOOD ROADS A 2TECESSIXT.
Macadamized roads are popular, and In
the tide-water sections of Virginia, North
Carolina and Louisiana shell roads make
driving a rare enjoyment Then, the scarci
ty of railroads, or rather the backwardness
of the interior South in developing railroad
interests, made good overland roads an ab
solute necessity, just as there was a necessi
ty for the old national turnpike before the
days of railroads in the North and West
The spectacle of a chain gang, or even a
prisoner with a ball and chain attached, on
the public thoroughfares, will always be
more or less repugnant to tne people of
' Pennsylvania, much as they do want the
labor of the prisoners. It is barely possible
that neither chains nor shackles will be
necessary. That is for the opinions
of prison keepers to decide. In Kansas
there is a sort of compromise system. Their
laws out there provide for the work on high
ways without the revolting features. County
Commissioners are empowered to establish a
county stone-yard where prisoners may be
worked at breaking up stones for the roads
about to be macadamized. This lessens the
chances of escape. When a prisoner shall
so desire he may give sufficient surety and
be allowed to enter upon an engagement for
outside work on the highways. This will
betaken as the paymentof his fine and costs.
$1 per day, exclusive of board, being allowed
him on account The surety from responsi
ble parties guards against his escape, and
thus only the most trustworthy prisoners get
out upon tbe roads.
A BLOW AT THE NOETH.
But, after all, what more inhuman specta
cle is there than a person condemned to soli
tary confinement? It would strike the
average Pennsylvanian with shame to see
in the laws of Louisiana a State where
one would expect to find tbe more brutal
type of penal laws this clause: "Convicts
in the penitentiary whose sentences have
been commuted from death to imprisonment
for life, or for a term of years, shall no
longer be permitted to labor in company
with the other convicts, but shall be 'con
fined alone, on the plan in force in the
Eastern Penitentiary of Pennsylvania."
L. E. Stofiel.
Loyees repelled, husbands disgusted,
friends lost, who might have been retained
by the wise use of a little of Atkinson's re
fined perfumery. so
GBA2TD display spring goods.
KKABLE & Shvsxxz, 36 Fifth. aT.
SEW XDYHnTISEXUtNTS.
Save Tour Hair
BY a timely use ot Ayert Hair Vigor.
This preparation has no equal as a
dressing. It keeps the scalp clean, cool,
and healthy, and preserves the color,
lullness, and beauty of the hair.
"I was rapidly becoming bald and
gray; bnt after using two or threo
bottles of Ayer's Hair Vigor my hair
grew thick and glossy and the original
color was restored." Melvin Al&Hch,
Canaan Centre, N. H.
"Some time ago I lost all my hair in
consequence of measles. After due
waiting, no new growth appeared. I
then used Ayer's Hair Vigor and my
hair grew
Thick and Strong.
It has apparently come to stay. The
Vigor Is evidently a great aid to nature."
J. B. Williams, Floresville, Texas.
"I have used Ayer's Hair Vigor for
the past four or five years and find it a
most satisfactory dressing for the hair.
It is all I could desixe,.being harmless,
causing the hair to retain its natural
color, and requiring but a small quantity
to tender the hair easy to arrange."
Mre. M. A. Bailey, 9 Charles street,
Haverhill, Ma33.
" I have been using Ayer's Hair Vigor
for several years, and believe that it has
caused my hair to retain its natural
color." Mrs. H. J. King, Dealer ia
Dry Goods, &c, BishopvUIe, Md.
Ayer's Hair Vigor,
razpAsxDBT
Dr. J. C. Ayer It Co., Lowell, Mast.
flold by Druggists and Ferfsmerm.
MRS. ELIZA SMITH
Cured by the physicians ot the Catarrh
and
Dyspepsia Institute, 323 Penn avenue.
"Hundreds of people in Pittsburg have told
how wocderf ally they have been cored by the
physicians or the Catarrh and Dyspepsia Insti
tute at 323 Penn ave., and I feel it my duty to
state my case. My catarrh, which had troubled
me so long, had begun to affect my lungs, and
they painsd me very much, especially when I
coughed or raised up the offensive discharge
which Seemed to so nil up my windpipe and
bronchial tubes, that I found it often difficult
to breathe. I coughed more or less both day
and night It would often hart me to breathe,
my breath became short, and 1 felt a tight op
pressive feeling in my lungs. I often felt a
pain in my left side. My food wonld soar on
my stomach, giving me a fall, uncomfortable
feeling after eating, with belching of gas. My
hands and feet were cold and clammy. I coald
sot wait any distance, or op a hill without
getting oat of breath. I bad many other aches
and pains and also suffered from those dfseases
peculiar to women. In fact, I grew weaker
and weaker until I felt as if I did not care
whether I lived or died, as I wonld be an In
valid the remainder of my life. I tried several
doctors, bat I found no relief. Beading of so
ijany cures made by the physicians of the
Catarrh and Dyspepsia institute, and which
seemed similar to mine, I took three months'
treatment from these specialists. Tbe result ia
I now feel like a new woman. I have gained
25 pounds In flesh; my work does not seem a
burden to me as it used to. and I feel well and
strong. I shall be glad to tell anyone farther
wbat these physicians have dons for me. I liva
on Lemington aye., near Lincoln aveEaaC
Liberty, this city." MRS. tte a SMITH.
Consultation free to alL Patients treated suc
cessfully at home by correspondence. Send
two 2-cent stamps for question blank, and ad
dress all letters to the Catarrh and Dyspepsia
Institute. 323 Penn ave. OSce honrx, 10 A. Jfc.
to P. Jt, and 6 to 8 p.jc Sundays. 12 to 4 P. x.
fe2-MWT3tt
DOES CURE
CONSUMPTION
In its First Stages.
Be turt you get the gtnuine.
OCf-28-XWU
FINE GOODS
AT PRICES THAT WILL PLEASE YOU.
BEAUTIFUL PIANO LAMPS.
Th5 Handsomest
CHAMBER SETS
in the city.
CHINA, DINNER ,
-Aim-
TEA SETS
at prices that will induce you to buy
once. We , invite all to visit our Salts
rooms, 211 WOOD STREET,
Opposite St Charles, and
102 and 104 THIRD AVE,
and tee our Stock.
--
R.P. WALLACE & CO.-:
t-5" s '$ Atjt
wSBlSSlgpslBysaBaSSlBSS'WMSS.WSBaSfeSS
ftT'