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THE Pit TSBURG
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THIRD PART.
5E.
PITTSBURG, SUNDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1889.
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ORIENTAL SMOKERS,
Pretty Women Who Consume a
Hundred Cigarettes a Day
and Others Who
S&rSTICK TO THE WATER PIPE.
jeS "
The Betel Chewers of Siam and the
Little Pipes of the Japanese.
W HOW DIFFERENT KiTIOSS USB TOBACCO
Baby Smoker of Farther India Children
WIio Chen-as Soon ni They Are Weaned
The Snuffers of North China Orlentnl
Monnrchs Who Smoke nod Some Who
Do Not The Qneen of Korea and Her
Amerienn CIsnrette Tho Weed in the
Land of the hultan The Great I'rohl
bltlonUt of the Ensu
tWiUTIES FOB TBE DIRrATCn..
IETTJE travels
on foot; vice runs
over the world at
telegraphic speed.
Tobacco was un
known until
America was dis
covered. A half
century later it
had been intro
duced into China,
and within a few generations the whole
world was using it. You will hardly find a
place on this big round earth where the peo
ple do not now smoke, and the Orient has
become the home of tobacco. The almond
eyed Japanese swallow more smoke than
they do rice; the pis-tailed Chinaman
glories in his cheap pig-tail plug, and some
of the biggest and belst digars in the world
are made by the women of Burmah.. The
queen of benighted Korea smokes American
cigarettes by the thousand, and the harem
of the Saltan is tilled with fair ladies who
delight in the hookah.
In Japan men, wonienr and children are
fond ot smoking, and one of the most neces
sary articles of household furniture is the
little tobacco hibachi; or box, about eight
inches square, which, containing a bowl of
-charcoal and a round bamboo tube, is placed
The Korean Squat.
before the visitor with a cup of delicious tea
at the beginning of his call. Seated on his
bare feet, cross-legged on the floor, he picks
up a coal with a pair of iron chopsticks and
drops it into his little pipe, and smokes dur
ing his sips while he chats. His pipe has a
metal bowl, less tha.. the size of a thimble,
and its bamboo stem is about a foot long.
He carries his tobacco in a pouch at his
waist, and you note that it is'cut fine, like
the tobacco of Egypt He rolls a pinch of
it up into a ball belore he puts it into his
pipe, and the pipe is so-small that two whins
will exhaust its contents.
HE SVTAXXOWS THE SMOKE
and expels it through his nostrils, and then
cleans out th pipe by knocking it against
the brass- bowl of the hibachi. He takes
from 10 to 50 such smokes every day, and as
he goes from place to place he carries his
pipe stuck in at the belt of his gown. Some
of the most beautiful art works of Japan
are pipe-holders, and balls of ivory made in
the shape of figures, which hang at one end
of the draw-string of the tobacco pouch.
These last are known as netsukes, and they
hang over the top of the belt, thus fastening
the ponch of tobacco to it.
Since the revolution cigarette smoking has
become very common in Japan, and I had
the pleasure of smoking cigarettes with the
Supreme Court and the various officers of
the Government. Tea and tobacco was
offered me at the entrance of every depart
ment, and I did not make a single call in
Ithe whole country where I did not find to
bacco on the floor.
The Koreans are the laziest smokers I
'have ever seen, and they have the right to
acall tobacco by one of its Japanese names,
L-....... ... ... .w. o n;t M w mC puveriy
A TurKi Felicity.
weed." Outside of the most squalid of Ko-
rean mud huts you seldom fail to find a "big
hatted man, dressed in a long dazzling
gown of delicate bine or red, smoking a
pipe as long as a walking cane. In the vil
lages you will see groups of such men, or of
boys like them, squatted on their heels in a
ring, each with a pipe showing out under
his big hat. The bowls of these pipes are
''about as bit: as a small chestnut, and they
rest on the ground, while the other end of
' the pipe is between a pair of Korean lips, or
f incase the owner is talking, is resting lazily
against his lower teeth. The higher the rank
ot the Korean tbe loneer his pipe stem. A
Yangban, or noble, considers a long,pipe a
badge of aristocracy, as it requires a slave
at hand to light it lor him. The Korean
smokes these long pipes as he walks along
th'e street, and every man andboy carries his
tobacco pouch tied to his waist His other
personal belongings he carries in a big sleeve
in his gown, but his tobacco pouch is a work
of art It is of leather or cloth, beautifully
embroidered, and it hangs down from his
belt just over his belly. Babies wear these
pouches, but I understand tbe children
do not
SMOKE BEFORE THET CAN TVAIK.
Both the Emperor and his son are cigar
' y- ette smokers, and the iiomea of Korea
smoke the pipes of the country. Their only
smoking is done in the company of their
husbands and of their few lady friends. They
are never seen on the streets, and such to
bacco as they have is bought by their hus
bands. There are few pipe stores in Korea,
but yon find tobacco and pipe stores in
every Japanese village, ana some of the
pipes of Japan are costly and are works of
high art The Korean "merchant removes
neither his hat nor his pipe when he waits
upon you; and, during such shopping as I
did in the Korean capital. I was not given
a single invitation to smoke.
The Chinese smoke early and often, and
it is as good as a play to watch one of the
nobles of China using tobacco. He prefers
the water-pipe, and he has a servant who
puts the pipe stem in his mouth and waits
till he has taken half a dozen whiffs before
he carries it away again. The smoke comes
bubbling through the liquid, and the
almond eyes of the Celestial sparkle with
enjoyment as the nicotine enters his blood.
Li Hung Chang smokes in this way, and
during the interview which I had withhim
at Tien Tsin his servant held a pipe with a
stem at least four feet long to his lips, and
lighted it for him at intervals of ten min
utes. The great viceroy took about ten,
whiffs at a time, .and then the servant took
the pipe away, pulled ont its metal bowl,
refilled it with tobacco, bringing it back a
little later on to patiently hold it to nis .Ex
cellency's lips while he smoked.
The Chinese do not use cigars nor chew.
A Burmese Lady Smoking.
They have a tobacco much like the American
pigtail" twist, which they cut up for smok
ing, and they are largely addicted to snuff
You will find snuff stores in the larger cities,
and the article used is coarser than the
Scotch snuff. The women smoke, and not a
few of the men and boys are addicted to the
use of cigarettes. The average Chinese
cigarette is the poorest and cheapest in the
world. Yon can get three of them for one
tenth of a cent, and they are dear at that
BABY SHOKEKS.
The baby smokers of the world are found
in Siam and Bnrmah. I saw little tots of 4,
as naked as on the day they were born, trot
ting about Bangkok with cigarettes in their
mouths, and the babies of Rangoon and
Mandalay are tanght to .chew the betel nut,
mixed with tobacco, 'as soon as they
are weaned. The Siamese children, like
their fathers, use their ears as cigarette
and clear holders, and the lack of cloth
ing or pockets on the part of the little ones
necessitates their carrying these articles
over their ears, as the American clerk car-lies-
hrt-peBcil or pen.-'-I-saw one noble
Siamese boy with a shaved head and a
string about his waist, who had a cigarette
over each ear and another in his mouth.
His father, who was with him, was also
smoking, and his mother had a cigarette
between her lips. "When the party went
away the mother took up the naked smok
ing boy, and balancing him on her hip,
walked oS, both smoking as they went.
The thousand odd women who make up the
harem of the Siamese King all smoke and
chew, and it takes a good part of his Ma
jesty's 510,000,000 a year to pay his tobacco
bill. Each lady has to have her betel spit
toon, which is of decorated china, the size
of a coffee cup, and, if she is a favorite, she
has also a silver box in which to carry her
tobacco and betel nut- s
The women of Burmah, like the smokert
of Siam, use their ears as cigar-holders, bu
they use them in a different way. Every
Burmese girl prides herself on the size of
the hole she can make in the lobes of her
ears, and I have seen Burmese ears which
had holes in them as big around as a napkin
ring. These holes are made when the girls
are young, and the lobe both stretches and
grows until it gets as big around as the
thumb of a big-boned man. Into these
holes some of the pporer women of Burmah
put their cigarettes or cigars when they
move from one place to another. Cigars
are more used than anything else, and the
Burmese cigar istbe biggest of its kind in
general use. It is from eight to ten inches
long, and is often more than an inch in
diameter.
LOVE AND TOBACCO.
The Burmese women are very beautiful,
and even these big cigars cannot take away
the beauty of their juicy red lips. Tbey
make the'mouth look a little large while
they are in them, but it resumes its natural
size when the young lady, holding the cigar
between her two first fingers, blows the
smoke out in a stream. It is not unusual
for a Burmese maiden to make her lover a
bundle of cigars as a present during their
courtship, and some ot the best of the Bur
mese imported cigars are made by women.
Tbey have their cigar booths in the bazaars,
and they know how to sell at a profit The
Burmese always smoke after meaIsEand they
chew the betel nnt at the same time that
they smoke, though many of them only chew
in the intervals between the smokes. The
Buddhist priests of Siam and Burman are
inveterate smokers, and a common sight is a
crowd of bare-headed, shaved-pated men in
yellow gowns, trotting along with cigars or
cigarettes in their mouths, and with bowls
in their hands, going around to collect tbe
offerings of rice which the people give them
for their sustenance.
The Burmese are very social in their
smoking,and I saw cigars passed from one
sweet maiden to another in the bazaars, and
I saw a young man accept with a smile the
cigar of a belle and smoke it while she
waited upon me and tried to sell me some
silk at an extravagant rate. Smoking is
common during courtship, and I doubt not
that these big Burmese cigars undergo the
same method of exchange as does the wad
of succulent gum among the lovers in the
mountains of Tennessee.
It Is different in India. Love-making
there is a matter of bargain and sale, and
such smoking as is done during the making
of matches is between thematgb-makers and
tbe fathers who wish to sell or bind their
girls to infant marriages. The women of
India smoke, but tbey do not do it during
courtship, and they practically have no
courtship. In some parts of the country to
bacco, like opium, is used to a certain cx-
H
An Jlast Indian Pipe.
tent to lessen the pangs or hunger and to de
crease the appetite. It is raised in every
province in India, and very nearly $760,000
worth are exported yearly.
INDIAN -WATEE PIPES.
The Indian pipes are of all kinds and
descriptions. A very common one stands
about as high as a baseball club. At its
bottom is a bowl as big around as a cocoa
nut, and often in fact made of a cocoauut
This contains water. It has a hole inside of
it, and at its top there is a pipe about an
inch or an inch and a half in diameter,
which runs up for two feet, and at the top of
which there is a bowl in which the tobacco
is placed. The smoker sucks a hole at the
side of the cocnanut, and be sometimes has a
flexible tube with a mouthpiece, the end of
which is inserted in this hole, and the pipe
then stands upon the ground. The hookah,
or water pipe, Is in use to some extent
among the Mohammedans of India, and
cigars nd cigarettes are common. They
are very cheap, and are not very good.
Some of the best tobacco in the world is
found along the Mediterranean Sea, and a
great part of tbe revenue of the Sultan and
Khedive comes from tobacco. The weed is
a monopoly in both Turkey and Egypt, and
the Khedive, in order to collect a big im
port dnty on tobacco, has prohibited its
raising in the country by a tax of nearly
$160 an acre. The result is that American
tobacco is now imported into Egypt It
comes in the shape of tobacco for cigarettes.
and it is sent first to Prance or.England and
thence shipped to Egypt, The Turkish to
baccos are very light and sweet, and they
are popular all over Europe. Turkish
cigarettes and Egyptian cigarettes are known
everywhere, and there is scarcely a
man, woman or child in Egypt Who
does not smoke. Yon see Turkish
merchants in the bazaars, with long
hookahs before them, puffing away while
they meditate upon Allah or 'drone oVer the
pages of the Koran. You see smart young
Egyptians in the high-cut broadcloth coats
ot official rank puffing cigarettes, and I am
told that the dear little ladles of the harem
smoke their scores of cigarettes every day.
Prominent among all the' rulers of the East,
the Khedive of Egypt has set a good ex
ample to his people by neither smoking nor
drinking. He offered me a cigarette during
the interview I had with him. and he told
me he did not smoke because he believed it
was not good for him. He abstains from
liquor on the ground of personal health,
and of the prohibition against drinking con
tained in the Koran, and he is the great
Prohibitionist of the East
TAEIPP Oil TOBACCO.
You can buy good cigarettes in Egypt for
70 cents a thousand, and, notwithstanding
the heavy taxation, the cigarettes of Con
stantinople are not overly dear.
I found American cigarettes for sale in
nearly every country of the East, and the
best of our brands go everywhere. American
tobacco is always expensive abroad, and the
whole world acknowledges that we make as
good an article as any other country.
I saw no chewing whatever, save that of
the betel nut, which is common in various
parts of India and in Siam, Burmah and
Malacca. I found the Manilla cigars tor
sale all along the Pacifio coast, and I am
told that these are made largely by women,
who roll the cigars on their bare knees, and
who fasten the leaves by licking them with
their lips.
There is a tariff tax on tobacco nearly
everywhere over the world. The manufac
ture is a monopoly in France and Italy, and
one of the first things that is searched for in
the baggage of tbe traveler is boxes of cigars.
I shall not soon forget a curious experience
I had with an ostrich egg. It was covered
with Arabic carving, and was a very pretty
work of Egyptian art. I carried it in a
sqnarecigar. box, in whickut just .fitted
when well packed with cotton. The moment
my trunks were opened at station after
station on the frontiers of various countries,
the officers would pounce upon this. Their
faces would brighten and they would almost
smack their lips at the thought of the con
fiscation of some good cigars. When the
box was opened their smiles became frowns,
and their bright eyes were shaded with sad
ness. Eeakk O. Carpenter.
THEY CURLED HIS HAIR. '
Girl Jokers' Fnp That Doesn't Please the
Tonne Men a Bit.
chicseo iiiii.:
I met a friend who always looks rather
chipper the other day and asked him why
he wore his hat tilted down on his nose.
""Well," he said, "it's just like this: In
the first place there were two of us, and my
friend said he'd like to have me take him
down to see some girls I knew on Oakwood
avenue. Of course I agreed, and we went
Now, by the way, did you, on the dead
square, ever see a girl with sense I mean
good, sound man's sense? Of course you
didn't I thought I did when I met these
people. Finest girls I ever saw, and I got
to be right at home in the house. Well, I
wasn't feeling any too well when we got
there, and alter awhile I went out in the
back parlor and laid down on the sofa.
Then one of the girls came out, and when I
told b erl was sick she said she was real sorry,
and the good, kind creature drew up a chair
and sat down beside me and commenced to
rub mv forehead. Now, I know I ain't
built like a fool, bnt hanged if I didn't go
to sleep. Couldn't help it for the life of
me.
- "I don't know how long I slept, but I
dreamed I was a boy again, and 'hitching
on' the back of a 'bus, and that the driver
had swiped me across the forehead with his
whip. Did I wake up ? Well, I should
say so 1 And what do you suppose it was ?
A red-hot, sizzling curling-iron that
those female jokers had been curling
my hair with while I was asleep. I turned
my head and they didn't know any better
than to let go of tbe tiling and it hung onto
my forelock and baked me. I've got sense
enough to cover up the wound with my hat,
so folks won't thinkl'm a branded criminal,
that's all."
A TALK WITH WHITTIEE,
The Quaker Poet Wishes Half of His Paems
Ilnd Been Destroyed.
Detroit Free Prcs.i
The visitors left, and Mr. Whittier came
in and sat between my friend and myself in
a pleasant, familiar way. He is tall and
slight, and dresses in a clerical black with
gray derby hat when he goes out the Qua
ker gray. One can hardly imagine him
writing heroic verses, or firm as a rock in
his own convictions of right Mr. Whittier
is quite deaf. I told him how much the
people of Michigan loved him, and how his
book was almost a text book in the schools
ol Detroit
"I have written too much," he said, with
a deprecating motion of his wasted hand;
"I wish about half of it could have been de
stroyed, but I tried to do the best I could at
the time. I wish now much of it had never
been written."
When asked which poem was his favorite
he said that he did not know that any one
in particular was, but that he wrote Snow
Bound" after the death of his mother and
sister, and it seemed to embody his own
feelings more than any other. We told him
how the ''shut in" society of Michigan, the
invalid circle, loved and enjoyed hs poems,
and he was much interested. Then I men
tioned the fact that two verses of his "Eter
nal Goodness" were creed and gospel to so
many shipwrecked souls who had no special
belief. I quoted the stanza:
"I know not where His islands lift
Their I ronded palms In air,
I only know I cannot drift
Bejond His love and care."
"It would be a deplorable condition to be
in to be beyond the reach of His love and
care," Mr. Whittier said. "I only wrote
what I believed myself."
Would you know the secret of English
women's great charm white, perfect teeth?
Atkinson's Oriental Tooth Paste. sa
MODERN CHAPERONS.
Mrs. Admiral Dahlgren Telia Why
Girls Should be Chaperoned, .
A DISCREET MATRON SECESSARI
To Watch Over the Innocent Bnt Heedless
Conduct of Ingennes.
A FEW WORDS TO AMERICAN GIRLS
rwarrTES ron Tns dispatch.
The first, best and most-to-be-desired
chaperon for any young girl must assuredly
be the mother she who has brooded over
her-fledgling when a baby with tender de
votion, who has watched her sweet bud of
promise mature, who has from year to year
assisted the development of the being con
fided to her care.
As the skillful gardener knows -well in
advance the effect he seeks to produce upon
hia, flowers by assiduous culture, knows
even the delicate shading to be looked for
as each petal expands, so a good mother
holds in her heart a hidden lore, connected
with tho life of her child, all unknown to
the rest of the world. She may not be
Ma in rammnnimttd thf knowledge to
others, for it Is hers by the sacred right of
intuition.
This prerogative of guidance a mother
may always justly claim. It is a part of
.the holy mystery of motherhood.
To our apprehension this matter of mater
nal chaperonage does not seem an adapta
tion to the artificial requirements of the
social world, but rather an inherent right
a natural claim, which a wise and careful
mother cannot well forego.
At the very time when her child Is
launched forth from the safe and sheltered
home moorings into the swift and dangerous
currents of the voyage of life, the mother is
most needed to pilot her dear charge past all
quicksands and sunken rocks.
She can supply by her knowledge the
ignorance of youth.
I would not ask why should a mother
chaperon her daughter,but rather formulate
my question into, Why should a mother not
chaperon her daughter?
I fancy in the discussion of such a propo
sition it will be found more difficult to
prove the negative, and when the subject is
once properly understood, it must be con
ceded that a mother should assuredly con
tinue her care.
There exists no reason why she should
not
But the question becomes rather more
complicated, perhaps, when the mother
may have died, or when from any cause it
becomes impossible for her to perform this
duty.
A COMMON MISTAKE. 0
Then the American girl asserts herself.
She has been reared in an independence
of thought and action which makes her dis
satisfied with all restraint
She construes chaperonage as espionage.
She declares that she will not tolerate be
ing watched, and avers that she must be al
lowed entire freedom and liberty of action,
and she asserts that her own perceptions of
right and wrong, and her innate delicacy of
sentiment, are all that is needed to make it
quite safe for her to go wherever and when
ever she chooses and to do whatever she
wills to do.
Now this is true, and it is not true.
In the first place it is a mistake to con
found chaperqnage with espionage.
To suppose that a chaperon is a spy on
one's actions is a perversion of the proper
functions of such an office.
A chaperon is either a mother Or a selected
matronly friend, whose tender interest or
friendliness is the best guarantee against
misconstruction.
A young girl is supposed to be guileless,
artless and confiding. These are very Ioveable
traits, which will doubtless some day con
tribute to the happiness of a home" circle of
her own; but just in proportion as these
attractions exist they become dangerons
without guidance from their very nature,
and on acconnt of tho inexperience of
youth.
Then young girls, even if ever so carefully
trained, as to understand the nicer conven
tionalities that regulate the polite world,are
inclined to be heedless, and carried away
for tbe time being by the exhilaration of a
gay life. Thus, with the best disposition to
do only what is proper, they commit errors
that in a measure misrepresent them, and
which they afterward regret
Now, it is obvious that the dignified presj
ence of a matron who loves them, or is at all
interested in them, would check all inad
vertent indiscretion from the outset, and
thus in the end greatly contribute to their
future well-being and happiness.
The situations are innumerable that sug
gest themselves where such a safeguard
would be the greatest kindness.
The French have a pithy saying, that "it
is the first step that co'sts." How true I
At what cost of vain and unavailing regret
might the wise chaperon spare a heedless
girll
A lacility of broken engagements as well
as of divorce would seem to go hand in hand.
It is in either case a broken troth.
DUTIES OF THE CHAPEEOST.
Now one of the special duties of the
mother or the chaperon is to guard their
marriageable wards as far as possible in re
ceiving the attention of men.
An engagement, announced or unan
nounced, is always more or less compromis
ing, and should in honor be deemed a
sacred promise not to be violated, unless for
grave and most serious reasons.
A young girl unguided is not very apt to
weigh all consequences, and the future is to
her very dreamy. She lives in her emotions
and in the present, and sadly needs the aid
of a pair of loving spectacled eyes to make
her illusions safe realities.
There are so many little things, which are
not as trivial as they would seem, where a
clear judgment is needed. For instance, in
the matter of receiving presents. It is under
stood that a gentleman has the privilege of
sending flowers and perhaps, if the friend
ship is well established, boxes of bon-bons
to a lady. As to presents having a money
value they are, of course, out of the ques
tion. Yet the frequent acceptance of even the? e
simple gifts is to be avoided, for to make
these offerings habitually is a conceded and
inenmbent thing for a lover to offer to his
fiancee so much so that there is a society
phrase concerning these little gifts calling
them ''the regulation box of Huyler's," etc
There is a very narrow dividing line,
therefore, between the permissible and the
not permissible. One takes it for granted
that no woman other than a heartless flirt
willfully encourages the attentions of a man
simply for tbe vain gratification of being
able to count his name among offers re
fused, and therefore that any woman of
average astuteness can readily check "in
tentions" of marriage before a man becomes
too deeply interested. It is also kind, to say
the very least, to spare a man's vanity the
mortification of a refusal.
SOCIETY AS A HEMESIS.
It is a strange fact that, in almost every
instance where a vain coquette has openly
boasted of her conquests, she ends by ac
cepting tbe most ineligible offer. A vertigo
of gratified vain-glory seems to seizoherand
cloud her judgment
Society then acts as a Nemesis, and comes
in with its cruel and persistent memory, and
the unfortunate contrastol what is and.what
might have been is not forgotten by tbe
"four hundred." Howoften is the sarcastic
remark made concerning some belle, of
"what a poor choice she made afteralll" Or,
a score .of years later, one may meet a faded
beauty bearing an obscure name, and all that
Is of any interest concerning her is the re-
mart that she once refused some self-made J
man whose name electrifies became he has
made a distinguished career. Perhaps a se
date chaperon might have better discrimi
nated if consulted.
I once knew the wife of a man whose name
belongs to the history of the country, who.
upon being told that a certain lady had
once refused her husband, pathetically ex
claimed, "I am so grateful to her."
With this warning to heedless girls, who
perhaps would not, if guided by chaperons,
have made such sad blunders, I wish to ex
plain that I do not mean1 to sav that voutb.
should walk with the slow and measured
step of age. Not at all.
The gay light-heartedness of a young girl
is delightful, and. like the nearly morning
dew, exhales long before tho loveliness of
otoom is touched. It is a transparent atmos
phere of beauty, Which of its very nature
must be evanescent
And the mother or older friend rejoices in
this to them renewed freshness that recalls
their own youth, and seeks to shield this
exquisite charm that it may expand into a
periect flower, and not be too rudely dis
pelled. Dear American girls, you are true in all
womanliness; you are adepts in gracious and
winning ways that are numberless: in
strength of purpose you are undaunted, as
becomes the daughters of brave men; given
all this yet are you not well Just a
trifle too self-poised, self-reliant and self
asserting? THE SOSEBTJD'S CHAEM.
Wonld it not add a peerless charm were
you to incline a little, in graceful compli-,
ance to the parent stalk?
Would it not be safer?
The sunflower holds a very high head, It is
beaming, diffusive, and strong; bnt he who
looks upon it passes on and seeks thefragrant
heart of the blushing rosebud, which he
craves as his very own.
It may be admissible to receive alone the
visits of young men, but one finds as they
grow older and make the retrospect, that if
a mother had been present an added dignity
would have been gained.
It may be very merry to drive ont alone
with an agreeable man, but it may not
always be so pleasant to realize afterward
that your innocent recreation has been mis
construed. A theater party must have its chaperon,
for, in the very presence of a public that is
not always the most fastidious, there should
be every possible protection.
Parties and dances of young people with
out the restraining presence of their seniors
should not be encouraged. These may be
conducted with the greatest decorum, but in
the social life of young girls it is bad form
to subject them to any hazards.
Modern, society is complex and concrete.
It has its meaning in all its rules. It is the
result of tbe advanced ideas of ages of de
velopment, and it is consequently neither
aimless nor senseless, while its convention
alities are the expressed formula of civili
zation. Of course this does not imply a blind sub
servience to the capricious dictates of fash
ion. These ore ant to be as inane as their
originators, and it is a safe rule, so far as
dress and the manner of our entertainments'
go, to avoid being noticed. It is such a
paltry ambition to be known for what one
has or wears rather than for what one
really is.
In conclusion, I am sure that when Amer
ican girls reflect upon the advantages to be
derived from the presence of a kind mother
or friend in their social life, they will di
vest themselves of the mistaken notion of
being watched or restrained, and really de
sire the aid ot such affectionate or friendly
solicitude.
Madeleine YIntok Daiiloeen.
A MISSOURI ORATOR'S DESCEKT.
He Cornea Down to Thrash a Rough, Then
Calmly Resumes His Speech.
New York San.l
Down in Southwest Missouri four or five
years ago a town had all arrangements made
to whoop 'er up on the gjorious Fourth. The
citizens had contributed in a liberal
spirit, the day was fine, and the
crowd large and enthusiastic. The
orator ot the day was a slim, cadaverous
looking man from St Joe. To stand
off and look him over, you'd have bet your
last dollar that an old gander could nave
run him all around a ten-acre field. There
were some lofty spirits in town that day,
and one of them was Jim Bucks, a mix
ture of patriotism, whisky, high jump, and
rough and tumble. Jim sized the
orator up, determined to have some
lun with him, and took a seat directly in
front of him as he stood on the platform to
speak. The orator hadn't spoken 100 words
before Jim interrupted him. He did this
twice more and was warned to go slow. He
didn't go much on dreams or warnings, how
ever, and watched for another opportunity.
Pretty soon the orator said:
"And so this little band of pilgrim
fathers set out with stout hearts and un
wavering faith in search of."
"In search of skunk's!" interrupted Jim.
The orator made a long jnmp, lighted
down on Jim Bucks, and Inside of two
minutes he had him licked so
thoroughly that Mrs. Bucks wonld
have passed him by for a splatter of
pumpkin jelly, which had dropped from a
dinner basket. "When satisfied that this
work was thoroughly done, the orator re
turned to the platform, and continued in the
same calm and unruffled tones:
" liberty of speech and freedom of con
science, and they found them at Plymouth
Rock."
He went on and delivered a really elo
quent speech, lasting nearly an hour, and
he was just concluding when Jim Buck
crawled out from under a wagon half a mile
away, where he had been laid, and queried
of those around him:
"Say! is that feller still speakin' or
fightin'? Durn me, but I didn't 'spose ora
tory included jumpin' Jim Buck's liver
out of his bodyl"
HISTORY OP THE FORK.
How It Was Orlslnnlly Used Tho Noble
Byzantine's Wife.
It seems clear enough, in the light of neg
ative evidence, that tbe few forks included
in the silverware of the Middle Ages were
not used as forks are used to-day. Since
kitchen forks served as spits and for holding
roasts, it is probable that the high-born
lords and ladies of those times, who only ap
pear to have possessed these instruments,
used their silver forks "for toasting their
bread at the breakfast room fire. There is
some direct evidence that they were em
ployed to hold substances particularly dis
agreeable or inconvenient 'to handle, as
.toasted cheese, which wonld leave an un
pleasant smell, or sticky sugared dainties;
or soft fruits, the juice of which would stain
the fingers.
Only one incident is related of the use of
the fork in the nineteenth century fashion.
This was by a noble lady of Byzantium who
had married a doge of Venice, and continued
in that city to eat after her own custom, cut
ting her meat very finely np and conveying
it to her mouth with ato-pronged fork. The
act was regarded in Venice, according to
Petrius Damianus, as a sign of excessive
luxury and extreme effeminacy. Itsuggests
a probability that the fashion of eating with
forks originated at the imperial court of By
zantium and thence extended to the West.
Some hundreds of years had still to pass be
fore it could be domiciliated in Europe, for
this doge's Byzantine wife lived in the 1
eleventh century, while the fashion of eating
with forks did not become general till the
seventeenth century.
Kino Trying Children.
Hartford Religions Journal. J
"The youngest of nine children which
tried men's souls." This is the way it reads
in the obituary sketch in a cotemporary.
The line, "Who were born in times,'1 is left
out, and should be inserted after the
"children" in the first sentence. ""
word
A BREACH
A NORSE-AMEKEOAN ROMANCE.
Written for The Pittsburg Dispatch
-BY- '
HJALMAR HJORTH BOYESEN.
HEBE was
a prayer
meeting at
Lars Steens
rod's farm.
The sitting
room was
bro wded
with people;
and all
around the
open windows eager listeners were standing,
straining their ears to catch the words that
fell from the preacher's lips. A current of
foul, moist air, poured out into the
hallway, where men and women stood
packed together like herring in a barrel.
Outside in the farmyard some small boys.
now and then forgetting the solemnity of
the occasion, fell to punching and teasing
each other, and were sternly rebuked by
their elders as soon as their altercations be
came audible. Haifa dozen young girls in
calico gowns and colored kerchiefs on
their heads made a feint of listening to the
fervid discourse, of which a phrase now and
then reached them; but watched furtively
the unregenerate behavior of the boys and
snickered whenever one" got the betfer of
the other,
"Oh ye generation of vipers," shouted
fthe preacher in a terrific voice of warning
and menace, "who shall teach you to flee
rom the wrath to come?"
The boys, supposing the admonition was
addressed to them, grew quite alarmed, and,
seating themselves on a log in frontof the
wood sued, in various awkward attitudes,
glanced at each other with a half-cowed and
shame-faced bravado. But they presently
forgot their scare.and then commenced anew
the same punching and pinching and
challenging brag, which led to fresh quar
rels. "I know where there is a skunk," said
Thorsten Stletten, a tow-headed, freckled
and chunky lad of 13.
"I saw a drunk man yesterday," observed
Gunnar Matson, promptly accepting the
challenge.
He was a tall, handsome youth of 14,
whose coat sleeves and trousers were much
too short for him.
"My father has a cousin who is in jail,"
retorted Thorsten, determined not to be
beaten.
"But my father killed a man in Norway,'
cried Gunnar, triumphantly. '
"That's a lie in your throat"
"It is no such thing." -
In a flash they had both tumbled down
t .,.. , -.! J I A A
irom ine log, gruppieu, ana, swaying 10 nuu,
fro, fought like tigers. The other boys,
wnoiiy ooiivious ox, iuo prayer meeuuK,
yelled with delight, and shouted encourage
ment to the combatants, while the girls on
-tbe steps faoad about quickly and strove no
more to disguise meir iuit:rtfc. javcu uo
devout people about the windows began to
gravitate slowly toward the scene of the
conflict, and a vague sense of the disturb
ance communicated itself within the sitting
room, where the penitents began to look
back over their shoulders and ceased to fol
low the discourse.
This flattering attention spurred the boys
to do their best They pulled each other's
hair and ears, planted blow upon blow in
each other's.foreheads, tried to "hook" each
other's leers, and resorted to all the dodges
recognized in the art of self-defense. But
they were pretty evenly matched; Thorsten
mating up in Drawn wnat ne jacszea in size,
They were yet in the midst of the fierce
struggle and both heroically determined
not to give up when suddenly a tall matron
ly woman was seen pushing her way
through tbe crowd. Without undignified
excitement, but with a stern, set face which
was much more awful, she swooped down
upon the unsuspecting Gunnar, grabbed
him by the collar of his coat, shook him as
if he had been a bag of straw and carried
him off in disgrace. He strove in a half
hearted way to exhibit a hilarity which he
was far from feeling; and the forced grin
of mock jollity which he turned toward the
disappointed spectators was rather pathetic
than cheerful. It did not occur to him to
make any resistance, however. He allowed
himself to be dragged meekly as a lamb
through the crowd in the hall into the stuffy
sitting room, where the foul air soon
sobered his combative zeal.
"Now,"whispered his mother'giving him
a little admonitory shake, "listen to the
word of God, and repent of your wicked
ness." The boy tried hard to listen and still
harder to repent, but, strive as he might, his
thoughts would tevert to the fight He re
gretted bitterly that it had been interrupted
before he had triumphed oyer his enemy.
He saw plainly now where he had neglected
an opportunity to trip Thorsten up, and he
wished he could have had the 'chance over
again.
The parson, in the meanwhile, was thun
dering away, threatening his parishioners
with eternal woe if tbey departed from tbe
pure Lutheran faith or sent their children
to the "godless" American schools. He was
a young man of somewhat squatty figure,
inclined to stoutness, with sffat, flushed face
and short, stubly hands, covered on the
backs with coarse brown hair. His head,
too, had a dense growth of the same adorn
ment, parted on the left side: but a few tufts
of rebellious hair stood straight up on the
crown and at the parting. Though he had
Biiaveu iu hue luwiuuiK. .us uiuhu ucsru
root was more than visible on his chin. His
nose and mouth, too, had a touch of coarse
ness, and his whole appearance made the
impression of a man in whom the Old Adam
was strong, though probably kept in proper
discipline.
"No doctrine has destroyed more souls,
my brethren" thus ran his impassioned
discourse "than that seductive saying, 'in
vented by the devil himself, that every man
is saved by his own faith that is, that any
faith, whether false or true, has the power to
save. Why then have ye called ministers
of the true faith the pure and undiluted
Lutheran faith to instruct yon here in your
Babylonio exile, if Methodist or Baptist or
Unitarian doctrines, perhaps, might do just
as well? I declare unto you, brethren in
the Lord, you are a little faithful band Of
the elect in the midst oi this land, of Egyp
tian darkness and unless you hold together,
stand by each other and the pure Lutheran
faith and hold aloof from all intercourse
with the pestiferous sectories who infest the
region round about us. ye will imperil your
sours; satyauon. xe can ,110 longer,
Inventing Under Diffleullla.
GF FAIT
H,
plead ignorance, for I have forewarned
you in the name of the lord. And beware
lest, though you yonrielves remain faithful,
your children go astray. Siren voices of
temptation besiege their hearts from all
sides. Bemember, ySu will be called to ac
count for them on the last day. The pros-1
peci oi weann, political omce and influence,
and a high seat in the synagogues may lure
them away from tbe simple faith and simple
virtues of their fathers. But I tell you, ye
have to choose between the kingdom of God
and the kingdom of Mammon. What will
it profit yon on the last day to have been
American legislators or Sheriffs or County
Clerks or to have learned the English
language, of which soma are so foolishly
f proud what will it profit you, I ask, in the
sigm oi mm wno aemandeth not foreign
languages, bnt truth in the inmost parts?"
The pastor continued for another half
hour in this strain, warning his hearers in
the most impressive language that they
could not learn the English language or
hold intercourse with Americans, without
running a grave risr of eternal woe. He
elaborated his theme with great ingenuity
aud.ended with an appeal for the endow
ment of a parochial school under the direct
supervision and control of tbe Norwegian
Iiuiherau Synod. He finished this appeal
with a long and fervid prayer, in which he
besought God to save his people- from the
abominations of desolation, from the un
hallowed and sonl-destroying dance around
the Golden Calf, which was, forsooth, the
god of the heretical mammon-worshiping
nation wherewith it had pleased him to sur
round them.
The meeting was then at an end and the
pastor devoted himself for another hour to
private solicitation, button-holing one by
and refusing to let them go, until they had 1
pledged themselves in writing for an
amount which he thought fair. If anyone,
knowing that his turn would tome next,
tried to steal away unobserved, the zealous
clergyman dexterously intercepted him, and
shamed him with dppeals to his pride and
his fear, until lie had contributed his quota.
It was true that Gunnar's father had
killed a man in Norway, and that
had been the prime cause of his emi
grating to the United States. He had
scarcely been to blame, however, for
the "homicide, for Osmund Gait had
attacked him first, and he had to kill
him in self-defense. So the judge declared,
though he was by no means favorably dis
posed toward the defendant, and Hans Mat-
son was acquitted. It was, as usual, a girl
that was at the bottom of the trouble, for
Hans and Osmund had been aspirants for
the band of Martha Vik, and she had pre
ferred Hans.
After his acquittal Hans bought a ticket
for New York; and the story was told
(though some pretended to doubt it) that
Martha followed him to CfarisUania, and
met him on board the steamer when land
was ont of sight She was desperately in
love with him, people said. However that
may be, sure it was that they were married
by a Lutheran missionary in 'New York,
and, during the Same spring, took home
stead land in Minnesota. But, some
how, Hans did not turn out as good a farmer
as his wife had expected. He worked by
fits and starts: but was more Interested in
learning English than in burning stumps.
Nearly every cent he had brought with him
went for live stock and agricultural imple
ments, and when, after a miserable summer
in a dug-out, a simple log Jiouse was com
pleted, and sheds were built for the cattle,
they had to mortgage the farm in order to
meet expenses. Then Gunnar was born,
and things went Straight' for awhile. Hans
took hold of the farm work in good earnest,
and met the first payment on the mortgage,
but then he lapsed into meditation again
and his old restlessness got the upper hand.
He had an idea that, if he could break away
from his countrymen and all Norse associa
tions, he had a fair chance of winning fame
and fortuneamong Americans.. He broached
the idea cautiously to his wife, who was so
terrified at it that he repented haying
spoken. She tried to make him promise
never to entertain such a preposterous plan.
That he refused to do, however, but he grew
moody and silent, tinkered at a model for
an improved threshing machine which he
had invented, and lost all interest in'
the farm. iWhen this had gone 6n
for a couple of years, Martha
concluded that nis case was hopeless; and
she changed her tactics and began to urge
him to go. If that was the only way to se
cure his happiness, she woald no longer
stand in his way. And so, one day, he
took the model to pieces and packed it with
some clean shirts and socks, which Martha
had made for him, into his knapsack and
started off for the nearest railway station,
which was 40 miles distant That -was the
last Martha or her sea had seen of hinr.
Half a deaea letters arrived to be tare, at
long intervals, during the first year of; his
abseseebat they te-ld ealy of mishaps, dis
appeiRtmeaM and privattoas. Martha
wrote sieging him to Mtara, bat there ws
always something aew 'to try, always femr,
.
Sunday Afternoon Callert.
temptis -s-restieet whieh bade him iki
heart and net give up the battl. If this 3
proved delusive, he weald acknowledge.;
himself a failure, return to the Norse sMl1
ment and hide nil head in we e&isuey ,
corner.
It was no w 12 years since tfee last letter,
was received, and Martha took itfer granted
that her husband was dead. She had tried:
to institute inquiries, advertised let bias is
the Scandinavian paper, etc., bat wih ae
result. Several settlers had prepesed for
her hand during this time, bat; thoarh se ,
,4)lwYaJ-i 1. h. if mtt m 1.M1.W alia 1.oJ w
ft.A a!1 mAR.. A Um. alluM.nf WJ -. '
grown np about her, and la a circuit of 39 -or
30 miles the country was largely is Tee
session of Norwegians. They did all i
their power to keep ont other saUeaaSttee
from their immediate neighborhood; aad
vented particularly their hostility os the
Irish, if a representative of that raee dag a
hole in the ground and staked ont a homo
stead on land which they had reserved 9ki
the occupation oi their brethren is tbefaM.-
German Protestants they tolerated (tfeettgfc.
they were far from likine thesO: bat tie '
j community of religion restrained tfcea fire
avk4IB UVSUUUCa. AJ1U. 1UUICVIG1. VZTC. OTl- A
mans were no lees clannish than the Nome-
a.1.a hArfillli.a A . ...M A..B.. ...at "-1
men themselves, congregating la coamaal
ties of their own, and rarely frest ehelee ea-
rrn&rhin? tinon StfAndlnft-vlan -nreiB!H.
In the meanwhile a church had beea-i
built a simple frame structure aad afceat,
as ugly as could have been devised aad a
clergyman had been called over fresa Nor
way. An ex-theological student, samed
Saiveson, formerly addicted to .drink, bat
now ostensibly reformed, roamed abeat the
country, giving instruction, oi an aatiaaated
sort, in reading, writing. arit&iseMe aad
Bible history; Widow Matson, who wm
anxious to have her son profit by Salvesea's.
accomplishments, induced him to stay fcrv
months at a time at her farm, aadtiadly"
overioosea nis aemoraiizea aspect. At was
enough for her. that the pastor isdetsed
Saiveson; who in spite of his unhappy pre-i
clivitles was perfectly orthodox, aid tralyS
and nnrelr Lutheran. Gunnar. ea tba
other hand, was inclined to take a eritfeaLi
view ot him, but found his instraenea. o
the whole, amusintr. Salvesoa alws-va'
smoked a long pipe, when be taught; aad im.
rumcoaa nose gieamea through toe seseice V
while he spoke of Norway's past glory sd
the great deeds of the Viking. OAea bej
frew quite excited, scratched hk teas
ead and wiped away the tears that triekl
down his cheeks.
"Thank God on your knees that yea wenj
born a Norseman, boy," he would say, J'Jvc
fe mtivlli Itta aa wall !.- -.2 ?&-
.rr.'ir:t --? vr " """"s
cuia icuweaiHan ---...--- mrJ
loan. We are the proudest aatiea ea i
or we ought to be. if we woald jead.easr-
jusioryarignt, There waaa't aayD i if isaM
lick those old Vikings. "Vy tniaaiiil
Normandy a mere handful of thsai aad'
when tbe King of France wasted Baaaj
Bollo to kiss his confounded tee thiak ef
1Iei. -wcneBaB, kiss a Freaohasan's.tea
tfoiionarpiy tool: him by the teat, i
quietly turned hits upside daws. Swf-aiS
him right, the fool I And whea they fal
a in..
a mmmi
goooiea up .Trance, those very sa
or I think it was their grand
sailed over aad pat JBaglaad
pookets. Hoi Hoi Thatwaaa
wasn't it?"
ia
-tr
And thus the poor drnskea set
waaMaMl
The Groeeryman MaMtt a Bm-faSn.
by the hoar, and, with hysterical oleeaeaea,
glory In the deeds of his ancestors. Bewaa"
so proud of being a Norseaaa, thsaafc g
drunk one, that he forget all preseat arimrr
In the sense of his historical graa Jiar. Jj
.norseman araas lie oaee deeiaMeVwaa ,
better fellow than a Deutoehmaa or na aas ""
!:.!... a i j
unuum ur u uwrnaa sooer.
Gunnar accepted this aad other
declarations In good faito,.aad never aass
tioned hiown superiority, by virtae m MS' 3
xiorae Diooa. to ail toe RreigaBaattlMt
surrounded him. He heard eeatiaaelty the .
same story from the pastor and all e 5
neignoors. Anecdotes were told at
social gathering, Illustrating the'
greed of the Americans, aad their
scrupulous attempts to cheat the
immigrants, The settlement, wteeh
now large and prosperous, had a ssasn t
coaiortaoie solidarity and c
a snug little Norway, safely :
eeawnrtsuss, i
hedisd Jm
diked against the wild oeeaa of
strife and viae, which roared ia vaia i
its aeienses.
Gunnar lived la this state of idylHe I
faction, untiLhe was 17 years oW. At 1
he tried bard to persuade himself Mm7!
was content. And yet there weald he itfa
whea a sadden disgust woald possess hies,'
and the fatare that was in stare far
would seem pitiless aad seas. Thsah"
hall superstitions dread of the great
that surrounded him had beea kapteswdf
upon him from his earliest years, aad i
of disaster consequent upoa a desire to
plore it, had been dinned lute bis ,
could not suppress a restless
take tbe daairenras plauee: If asW t
hia skill as a swimmer. The great deadtfa'
his ancestors, whien Halvesea had i
to him in more or less distorted
had set his blood coartlBg at a
tempo; and vague visions of glery, j
and substantial like eloads at a
flamed his liaaffiaatieB. Bat ea the
hand there was his father's isteto
him.
Outwardly thiaes were ceta
smoothly enough. The widow f-dfM.'i
tireless energy ana sciii na wercea i
farm until it tea mem comtortaMy;
naapua ob xae montage, aer a
cernnowwHte get Gnanaf saiWr i
or at bast engaged. Ha was, to 1m
veryyoaag; bat net too yoaa to
-rasrae aertsrbatioa e-f his Need at m
cfa pretty glrL The mat tUafmal
nuaseearety aaeaasac; aaa as a
W9 B fOaraWM CBVyVanHVaa alBV f
uat avaUM tiatK a win aad 1
U.HhHLiZ Kl'taaaaBBBBBBBBBBaV
IsV