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EN'OCEAN short-cut.
r
iHow the Snez Canal Was Made and.
its Wonderful Profits.
ISAILIKG THEOUGH THE DESERT.
BFifteen Million Miles of Danjerous Travel
Saved Yearlj.
ARTIFICIAL HATCHERIES IN GTPT
trUOX O0R TRAVELING COMMISSIONER.:
IssiALIA, Egypt, July 4. The abandon
ment of the Panama canal and the discus
sion of matters relating to 31. DeLesseps
has brought me from Cairo to Ismalia. I
write here in the vcry'center of the Suez
c&nal, where the grand opening ceremonies
of 1&69 were held, and where this man who
has temporarily failed had the crowning
success of his life. He has a magnificent
home here, to which he comes during some
of his winters. It is surrounded by orange
groves and palm trees, and the pure breezes
of the desert are mixed with the wiiids
which blow down from the Mediterranean
through the canal which he built. It is 58
years since he first came to Egypt in the
French consular service, and it is more than
a generation since he persuaded the viceroy
of the CDuntry that the work could be done.
When he begun it the English laughed at
him and scientists all over the world pre
dicted his failure. John Bull shook his tail
and said, with a sneer, that France and
Egvpt were burying their money in the
sands of the desert, and it was not until the
waters of the Mediterranean were mixed
with those ol the Eed Sea, that they would
admit that the thing conld be done. Row
more than two-thirds of the ships which pass
through the canal belong to Great Britian,
and the English, in order to protect their in
terest in India, have had to put something
like $17,000,000 into canal shares. It is not
a bad investment, for in 1885 the net profits
of this canal were niore than 50,000,00, and
after all expenses were paid the share hold
ers received a dividend of 17 per cent.
THE CANAL'S ISirOHTAKCE.
The canal increases in importance year
after year and that to such an extent that it
may be necessary to build a second along
side of the first and this plan is now much
discussed. How much is saved by it can
only be understood by considering the
: steamship rontes of tlie past. Before it was
opened, ships in coins; to China and India bad
to to by way of the Cape of Good Hope, and it
was then more than 12,000 miles Iroio London
to Bombay. The voyage was one of months
instead of weeks, and it necessitated the re
peated coaling of steamers. At present the
distance by the Suez canal is only 7,000 miles,
and the saving in distance from London to
Hong Kong is about 4,010 miles or LU00 miles
longer than the distance between Liverpool
and New York. In liSG more than 3,000
essels passed through the canal, and esti
mating that each of these vessels to India.
Australia or China made a saving of at least
8.000 miles, it will be seen that the aggregate
eavinc in one year was more than 15,000,000
miles, equal to a distance of COO times around
the world. I have not the statistics of the
number ot passencers carried in 1SS6. but ten
years before that, when the ships which passed
through the canil were less than half the num
ber that now go throu b, the passengers carried
numbered more than KMXifl. Undoubtedly
more than 150.000 passengers are taken through
this canal ci ery year and the charges are S2 on
each passenger. It makes heavy charges upon
the vessels which pass through, estimating
them according to their tonnage, and the re
ceipts of the canal make it one of the best
paying institutions of the world.
And still this canal is only 100 miles long, it is
only one-twelfth the length of the Red sea. into
which it conducts the waters of the Mediter
ranean, and these two bodies of Mater are of
nearly the same level. They now flow into one
another without locks, and the canal is well de
scribed as a ditch in the desert. This ditch is
about 300 feet wide at the top and 150 feet wide
at the bottom, and the water within it is as quiet
as a mill pond. It is of beantif ul sea green, and
the contrast of this color with the bare yellow
Rand, hich line tne banks ot the canal, makes
It wonderfully beautiful. The canal is so nar
row that ships can pass only at certain points,
and the management govern these passages just
as the train dispatchers regulate the passage of
trains upon our trunk lines. There are, from
time to time, through the canal, wider spaces,
where ships mnst turn in. while others, which
have the right of way, must pass tbem, and ata
distance these ships seem to be walking, as It
were. In sincle file through the desert. They are
not allowed to go over lit e miles an bonr, and
this is largely due to the depth of the canaL Its
average depth is about 21 feet, and many of the
ships which pass through are more than 20 feet
deep in the water. There is so little water under
the bottoms that there can be no great speed.
THE WORK OF COXSTBUCXIOir.
The banks of this canal are of dry and thirsty
sand. In some places they are kept back by
pavements of stone and in others by a network
of twigs like the jetties of the Mississippi. It
cost nearly 100,000,000 to build the canal, and
in some places the channel had to be cut
through solid rocks. In others there was little
dredging needed. The waters of the Mediter
ranean flowed into long, natural lakes, and
these required but little excavation to make
them deep enougu lor tne transit oi rue snips.
One of the great problems in making the canal
was fresh water for the workmen. The work
was beenn In 185S, and the ruler of Egypt pro
Tided 25,000 laborers These were relieved
every three months but it was neces
sary to feed them. It took 4.000
water casks, which were earned on tb
backs of camels, to supply them with
drinking water and this was kept up for fire
years. At the end of that time a fresh water
canal was arranged so that water was carried
Jrom the Nile to Ismailia, and there is now a
pipe which runs the whole length of the canal
and which carries fresh water from one end of
it to the other. The work of preparing harbors
at Port Said and Suez was very expensive, and
I took a look at tbe pier at Port Said, which
are intended to ward off the accumulations of
sand and mud and which form the navigable
entrance to the canak These piers are made of
artificial stone composed of desert sand and
cement. The machinery to make tbem was
brongbt here from France and the stones were
made to throw into the sea. Each stone
weighed 20 tons, and it took 25 thousand of
these massive rocks to form the bases of these
piers. On the top of this foundation the piers
were built, and ibis artificial stone will, I am
told, last as lone as the natural article.
Immense dredres are now employed through
out the canal. These pump up the sand, which
blow sin from the desert, and throw it out be
yond the banks. There are stations or cnard
houses at intervals along the course and a few
small towns have grown up here and there. At
one of these a dirty Arab brought a leg of raw
mutton while the boat was stopping during a
trip which 1 made through the canal a. few days
ago. He offered to sell it to the passengers, but
found no buyer. Outside ot these towns and
the guard houses 30U see few signs of life.
Here a caravan trots along over the desert, the
long, ungainly camels with their riders bobbing
up and flown acaint the clear sky of the hori
zon. There a flock of long-necked cranes
springs from the water into the air, and now,
away across the hot sands at the side of the
ship, comes into view a new ship and new
waters, which loom np out of the sands and
which look as real as the green water tbroueh
which we are moving. This is the wonderful
mirage of the Libyan desert, which so often
deceives thlrstv travelers when passing through
it on camels. It fades as you approach it and
becomes a very castle of the air.
THE COTTOX CISOP.
Efcypttan cotton, which is now one of the
great products of the country, got its start
during our late civil war. The price rose as
high as 41 cents a pound, and millions of dol
lars worth of Egyptian cotton was raised and
shipped to England. At present the product of
cotton is about 500.000 bales per annum, which
is little in comparison with the great crop of
America.
In coming from India to Suez, I met an En
glish gentleman who said be suoposea I would
find, nothing good to eat in Cairo. He looked
upon the Egyptians as heathens and had no
idea that there were good hotels, good markets
and all the modern conveniences at Cairo. I
have made inquiries as to the cost of food in
this capital of Esrypt. and I find that gcod
turkeys, which will rank in size and weight
with the best of our Thanksgiving birds, are
worth from 1 "to 51 50 each; jrood. fat g;ese
bring from f2 to $4 per pair and chickens sell
from 40 cents to 81. Choice cuts of beef and
mutton bring 40 cents a pound, and the p ilate
of the foreign resident of Cairo is tickled with
splendid oranges at a cent apiece. All kl ads of
vegetables are cheap and good, and egga bring
from 8 to 20 cents a dozen.
The Egyptian chickens are smaller than the
American variety and the eggs are onl r about
half as large as those laid by the rjpeckled
bens on Uncle Sam's farm. The Egyptians
are, however, far in advance of ufj in the
science of raising chickens, and the incubat
ing establishments of the country hatch oat
eggs by the million every year. At a batching
establishment near the pyramids. Ve farmers
trade fresn eggs for young cbictfc, and the
"rate is two eges per chick. Another artificial
egg hatchery turns out
COO.000 LITTLE CHICKENS
every season, and the oven crop of chickens in"
Egypt amounts, according to figures f urnUhed
me by the Consul General, to more than 20,
000,000 of chickens a year. We have abont
S2)0.OG0,0u0 wortli of money invested in the
fowl industry in ahe United States, an amount
so large that all tlie money of Jay Gould could
not equal it, and still we have to import more
than IG.000,000 doze ns of eggs every year. If
America would an opt the Egyptian hatching
system we conld 6-ell egsrs instead of buying
them, and our farmers might buy little chick
ens t raise at a price of 20 cents a dozen. More
than 20,000.00(1 ot little chickens are sold each
year in this way in Egypt, and there is a regu
lar business in chickens just about old enough
tow alk.
Tiio inenhatories are rude, one-story build
ings, made of undrieil bricks, so arranged that
the eggs arc laid upon cut straw in racks in
Toonjs, aiound tbo oens, which are kept fired
in during the hatching season. The outside
walls are very thic and are built so they re
tain thn heat, and the only thermometer used is
the blood of the boy or man who attends the
fires. By long practice these men learn jnst
bow hot the ovens ought to be kept, and they
replenish the fires as the weather demands.
A small amount of tuel is needed, and the tem
perature of the ovens is about that of 98 above
zero. The fire is built up for eight or ten das
before the eegs are put in, to thoroughly warm
the hut. and after this time it does not go out
during the season, which is from, March until
May. The ejrgs are turned four times a day
while hatching. The whole outtt of an estab
lishment which batches over 200,000 chickens a
year, does not, I am told, cost more than S25,
and one man runs the whole machine, keeping
the tires bujin: and turning the eggs and
selling the chickens. There are in this lncu
batorv 12 compartments, each 70 feet long,
60 feet wide and 1G feet hich.and each ot these
compartments n ill bold 7.500 eggs at a time, or
90.000 eggs in all. It produced last year more
than 230.(100 chickens and did the work of more
than 20,000 bens. Frank G. Cakpextek.
SELFISH PEOPLE
Who Think the World I Created for Their
Especial Ileneflr Human IIoch Vbo
Crowd illodcat and Long-suffering
People to the Rear.
IWBITTEV FOR Till DISPATCH.
There is a certain class ot people w"ho, if
they do not declare in so many words that
the world was created for their especial ben
efit, at least express aloud in actions their
firm conviction that any other than they
have hut a secondary right to its benefits,
and no remotest claim to any consideration
whatsoever from them. Theywant lots of
elbow room, but are scarcely willing to con
cede a footbold to another. Blind, with the
blindness of utter selfishness, they never
see beyond their own needs and pleas
ures. They crowd you at ticket windows,
and glare at you if jou presume to be ahead of
them in going through the "gate." They look
you calmly, coldly, critically in the face as you
walk down the length of the aisle seeking a
seat on the shady side of the car. while thev
Test their feet on the velvet cushions of a re
versed seat on the desirable side. They occupy
the toilet-room for an hour in the morning,
while you "kick your heels" just outside and
watch the fljinc mile-posts that indicate the
close proximity of your destination. They
stand on the sidewalks, like a piece of drift
wood in a river, dividing the stream of human
itj, while you dodge around, eager to evade
Tude contact with others, and yet, in the hurry
and press bumping and jostling and being
jostled and bumped. Tbey carry an umbrella
firmly erect, and with eyes tflat look neither to
the right or left march straight ahead, while
yon wildly clutih at your bat or bonnet to save
it from being carried away on those impaling
points.
Tbey cros their outstretched feet in the
street cars and omnibuses and enjoy the morn
ing paper, while you plunge forward in your
frantic efforts to "run the blockade" before the
conductor rings "go ahead." They loudly call
on the waiter for service, when he is bringing
voar soup, and then cynically watch you wip
ing the grease from your coat or dress They
come into the hotel late in the evening,
"stomp" upstairs shout over the balustrade lor
the night porter, bang their room door,
-whistle or sing an air faom the last
opera, and then, judginz from the
sound, mount the bureau or mantel to
remove their boots which clatter to the
floor with an "all-down-but one-set-'em-up-on-the-otber-alley"
sort of sound, while you.
aroused from j our first sweet dreams in this
room below, are only a trifle less "worked nj j"
than you become next morning between 4 a ad
6 o'clock, when the "early train call" is maxle
and the same programme is repeated in re
versed order. They spit on the floor of car,
waiting room and office, or platform, stefimer
deck and sidewalk, while you, plckins your
way tbroueh their filthy exp&toratiouri, may
just as well spare yourself that look of unutter
able disgust, for tbey don't see it and 'are as
sublimely oblivious of your indignaMon as
thouch it were being expended on an iceberg
in the Artie Ocean.
We have access to but one planet, but were
It otherwise how gladly would we accept a resi
dence on one much less beautiful, riud leave
the earth to the people who want it,
Helen HAtrmoRsi.
HERE'S A TOIHKLE.
A Lesitlmnte Scheme Enabling Jewelers to
Profitably Sell Ilelow Cost An Op-
portnnltr forn Newly-S (nrrled
Conple to Get a S tart
In Life.
On the morning before a njcent East End
wedding the prospective bridegroom was
surprised at his place ot business by a
type-written letter upon the engraved letter
head of a solid New York house, the name
and address of which is fo(r obvious reasons
suppressed. Following ijs the letter:
Dear Sib We shall be happy to correspond
with you in reference to any duplicate wedding
presents that you may wish to dispose of or to
exchange.
During our lone expo rience in the exclusive
jewelry trade in New Y ork so many cases came
under our observation, of the embarrassment
experienced by those! newly married, in the
matter of duplicate 'presents that we deter
mined to devote our whole business to those
pleasant and at the iiamo tune vexatious im
pediments. Any business that jou may entrust to us will
be attended to with jxpedition, and the utmost
secrecy will be main tained.
Highest cash pne es will bo paid for all goods
of whatever chart-'iter. or goods to their full
cash value may lip selected from our large
stock. We buy duplicate presents from the
latest weddings, troods made by Tiffanv, Gor
ham. Whitings, Kirk and others in their own
newest elegant rAush cases Tiffany tea sets
salad sets, pitcKers fruit stands and 500 small
cases ranging fr'c.mso to S20 that cost double.
Watches and d amonds equally low.
A KECIYEE FOR C. H. & T.
President Sjmvr Attribute the Move to
Poor Business nnd an $8,000,000 Frnuil.
New Yor. k, July 20. The continued decline
in bonds of the Columbus Hocking Valley and
Toledo raili'oad, which was accelerated yester
day and tq-day led bondholders to prepare for
the worst, and at the close of business to-day
their worst fears were realized. It was then
announce ;d that the company would have to
default r.n the interest on the S per cent bonds
due September 1. amounting to 200,000, and a
receiver will then be appointed. The interest
due Au-rust 1, amounting to about 40,000, will
be paid '.
John W. Shaw. President of the companv.
said: "The business of the road has1 fallen off,
and it will be necessary to default on Septem
ber 1 on the 5 per cent bonds The interest
then due amounts to $200,000. Last year there
were, ten furnaces open in tbo valley, while
this year there is not one. When default is
ma'ie September 1 a receivership is likely to
faViOw, and whilo the poor business in a general
way makes default a necessity it is less im
portant in its bearing than the fact that the
c id management issued SS.000,000 which the
1 -oad never got a dollar for and which the com
'pany is now expected to pay interest on. These
are the bonds on which default will bo made."
President Shaw intimated also that the bond
holders would be compelled to prove their
rights in court. Stevenson Burke, who is now
in tbis.city, was President of the road prior to
Shaw, and is believed to be a heavy holder of
the bonds. He recently won a suit brought by
President Sbaw, who declared the Issue of
bonds illegal and tried to cotnuel Judge Burke
to make restitution, but arbitrators to whom
the case was submitted decided against Shaw
on every point. .
Imported Port.
1828 Imperial Oporto Port, full quarts.$3 00
1809 Mackenzie Port, full quarts 2 CO
Fine Old White Port, full quarts..... 2 00
London Dock Port, lull quarts 2 00
Burgundy Port, full quarts 160
Fine Old Spanish Port, full quarts.... 1 00
For sale by G. w. Schmidt, 95 and 97
Fifth ave.
We have the only complete line of E. & G.
corsets in the city; short, medium and. extra
Ions at $1. F. Schoenthal.
612 Penn are.
There is a merit in the photographs
made bv Dabbs that always commands no
tice and always will.
i
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THE
FEAEING THE FEVER.
Floridians Anxiously Dreading Yet
Looking for an Outbreak of
ITS DREADFUL YELLOW SCOURGE.
The Disease- Admitted by Authorities to be
a Preventable One.
CHANCES GOOD FOE ITS EECUERENCE
-wmrrEN roa thi DtsrATcn.l
The possibility of another serious out
break of yellow fever in Florida this year is
daily becoming a subject of much specula
tion. Almost everyone is agreed, that
from present indications, that unfortunate
State can not escape. The presence of
yellow fever in Florida is a matter of the
greatest concern, and its occurrence at such
a central point as Jacksonville, and other
points farther north, such as happened last
year, is a widespread calamity. It is not
alone for the loss of human life and on ac
count of the great sufferings that are en
dured in the lever-stricken districts that
it is to be dreaded or feared; but so
long as the disease is not thoroughly
understood by the public, and the condi
tions are not definitely determined by which
its extension or prevention is to be accom
plished, no one, not even the most learned
specialists, can tell what proportions it may
some day assume. Although I would not
care to be considered an alarmist, yet it is
true that physicians who have made this
dreaded scourge a special study have told
me that it would be reasonable to assume
that, if the same course of management
continues to be pursued as it was last year,
yellow fever might at some time become
even a national calamity.
OUGHT NOT TO BE.
That such'should prove the casj, with the
existing knowledge now in the possession of
both the national and State health authori
ties would prove indeed a most deplorable
imputation upon the honor, ambition and
integrity of those very worthy officials It would
be far better to make a radical change in the
manner of presenting the disease to the public
at large.
Jacksonville is now in a far better sanitary
condition than it has ever been before, but after
a residence in that city for several months
which terminated but six weeks ago, I am in
clined to the opinion that that city will ere long
be visited by a repetition of the scenes ot last
summer. It is true that in the city of Sanford.
a beautiful little place about 2u0 miles south ot
Jacksonville, a case of yellow fever, in its most
malignant form, was discovered last April. I
was at that time in Tallahassee, the capital
otthe State The newspapers of Jacksonville did
not publish the news, as an effort was being
made to keep the affair from the ears of the
people, particularly thn tourists from the
North, who were still in the State. The news
however, got abroad, and well do I remember
that morning, while sittlngin front of the hotel
chatting with a number of legislators, when
the news was first brongbt to us As I write I
can still see the blanched faces and the looks
of consternation which the news brought. Some
more cheerful than others, however, tried to
langh the matter off, and said that it would
not amount to anything, and that it
was doubtless a false rumor. Finally
when the news came that Mrs Dengler (that
was the patient's name) was dead, and that "3
post mortem examination had determined tbe
case to have been yellow fever in its most vio
lent form, tbo consternation and solicitude in
creased very materially. The town was quar
antined for 10 days and the members of tho
family of the unfortunate woman were iso
lated. No new cases were reported, however,
and the excitement soon subsided.
The discovery of another case ot tho fever on
board an ocean steamer which arrived at
Brooklyn, N. Y., a few days ago, has acain
given rise to much speculation as to the extent
to which the fever will bfcome epidemic this
year. That it will become epidemic no one
who is familiar with tbe condition bt Florida,
and particularly Jacksonville, doubts for a
single moment.
A SIGNIFICANT SENTENCE; -
Let me quote from a private communication
which I received a few days ago from a very
warm friend residing in Jacksonville. It is as
follows: "1 shall not go North this year unless
something serious happens 1 think, however,
from the present outlook, that I shall go."
"I have made some mention of mating a
change in the manner in which the fever is
made known to the public It has been seen
that the methods employed for half a century
or more have been most decidedly unsuccessful
in subduing the disease.
Physicians agree that it would be far
better to change the discussion from the con
tagion, transportation and quarantine of the
fever to the more sensible subject of its entire
prevention at homo and its immediate extinc
tion when introduced from other points. It is
certainly very apparent to everybody that If
tbe disease can be prevented the other points
surrounding it are entirely out of the question,
are not to be considered, and are certainly of
no public importance.
It is the belief of those physicians who have
studied the disease in all its possible phases
that yellow fever is a preventable disease. As
suming that this theory is correct, tbe citizens
of tbe State of Florida will take active meas
ures for tbe total suppression of anything that
wonld tend toward a recurrence of the horrible
scenes ot last year. But few people in the
North thoroughly understand what the dreaded
malady really is Yellow fever is a disease so
well marked, so deadly, so different from all
other diseases that no one. be he physician or
street laborer, can avoid reading any and all
things which may be written about it. The
number of volumes which have been written
regarding it, now in the Surgeon General's
Office at Washington, run far up
into the thousands It has heretofore
been customary, in dealing with tbe
disease, that when hot weather sets in the
more observant of tbe citizens, aware of the
fact that their city is in a most neglected con
dition as regards sanitary affairs, naturally ex
pect that there will be a marked increase in
sickness, and at once their thoughts turn ex
citedly to an epidemic of yellow fever.
The first thing to do. then, is to call attention
to tbe dangerous condition of the city, but
Florida, unfortunately, is not a wealthy State,
and it controls but very little money. In cases
of this kind none of the cities ever have any
unappropriated surplus and although every
one knows that
DISEASE IS SURELY COMING,
Nothing very effective has ever yet been ac
complished. The sanitary improvements gen
erally consist in the abatement of the most of
fensive and flagrant of tbe nuisances but that
is about alk The business man who can afford
it sends his family North and if possible goes
himself. While they are away tne fever ap
pears Those who remained soon begin to
stampede, and those who canrot get away soon
see the danger of tbe "foci." as they are called,
and it is declared yellow fever is epidemic.
Tbe town is then quarantined against abroad.
The autborities quarantine persons from coming
infected districts. The town Is isolated from the
rest nf the world, and tbe inhabitants send out
their apppeal for assistance. The
Red Cross Society and the How
ard Association send acclimated nurses
Business men Z throughout the country send
money, and the people of tne stricken citj,
sbnt up within the corporate limits of tbe
town, and cut off from everywhere, work and
clean, nurse and pray. Pray for cold weather,
frost, divine providence or anything that
would bring about some end to the pestilence,
cither by disinfection or limitation. When the
end comes they begin to look for tbe origin of
the trouble and to count their losses By de
crees tbe horrible pest is blotted from the mem-
Lories business is resumed, the quarantines are
I abolished, and in the course of time the "foci"
are allowed to collect again, and the fever is
once more declared epidemic This in a meas
ure, is true to-day of Jacksonville
Florida cannot afford to have a recurrence of
la.t year's horrors New Orleans, Savannah,
Charleston and other seaport towns have stood
this and owing .to their position and import
ance to commerce, have rapidly recovered their
lost trade This is not so of t lorida. Jackson
ville is situated several miles from the coast,
on tbe St. John's river. It is not of tbe slight
est Importance as a seaport town, and tbe com
merce ot tbe entire State is not such as would
Insure its Immediate return. For Florida other
plans wilt have to be introduced.
v an doner eays yeiiow ierer win not DO pre
vented lu Florida.
Florida and New Orleans are both in easy
communication with the Island of Cuba and
Vera Cruz. Mexico. In both these places tbe
fever flourishes all tbe year ronnd. Tbe meth
ods advised as to tbe prevention of the fever
are interesting. It is an accepted fact that
(continued cleanlinees In a warm climate is the
'best possible safeguard against yellow fever.
Even in an unsanitary town such as Jackson''
ville or Maccleny, yellow fever
cVn not obioinate spontaneously:,
the theory being, "No germ, no fever." Should
thej germ be imported, however. Into a town, or
even residence, the condition of which is un
sanitary, yellow fever Is the sure result. Tbe
specialists claim also J hat should the town be
ink tborongbly good sanitary condition and
fr Ja from all "foci,'' yellow fever1 wonld not
a foothold, importation or no Importation
I ?
X , l .'VI
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-X- ll.- . 1
PITTSBUHG- DISPATCH,
Tbey claim "that a town can be made and kept
yellow fever proof. By a system of quarantine,
this is true. But it is also true that the quar
amine system now in vogue is so thoroughly
detestable thatall efforts are employed to evade
it. To prevent a panic, and a consequent loss
ot trade, everything is done to keep the exist
ence 'of yellow fever a profound secret But it
becomes so thoroughly epidemic that the news
soon gets abroad and quarantine has to be
established. This was true of Jacksonville last
Quarantine can be made pleasant and agree
able, yes even attractive. It has been sug
gested (by Van Bibber), that four bouses be
built, situated at a proper distance from each
other, in tbe most accessible portion of the
State, to be used not only for tho afflicted, but
to serve also as schools to teach tho private
citizens bow they can preserve among them,
selves a continued state of cleanliness Tbe
four buildinirs should have ample communica
tion with not only each other, but with the out
side world. Here should all the knowledge of
yellow fever bo centered, not only treated, but
studied, and from this place should the neces
sary rules for Its prevention emanate. The
State Board ot Health should see to it that the
place is made as homelike and attractive, as
the most agreeable resort.
Concerning the yellow fever germ, three very
important points are known. It does not pro
duce disease in the same individual but once.
It is soon destroyed by frost or cold. It cannot
spread in a clean plate or among healthy peo
ple. These things being known," the theory that
yellow fever is a preventable disease seems to
be entirely plausible.
Two years ago over 80,000 strangers visited fair
Florida, mainly on account ot its delightful
climate. Last year, to my own knowledge, not
one-half of that number went down.
EYEBYTHTNQ "WAS DONE
to induce the people to go down, but they were
only partly successful. Every hotel in the
city reduced its rates, and indeed tbe Everett,
the largest hotel in Jacksonville, did not open
at all.
Should tbe fever break out this year tbe
State will surely lose its prosperity audits
popularity as a safe, delightful and convenient
winter resort. In February last Governor
Fleming called a special session of the Legisla
ture for the purpose of passing a law authoriz
ing the appointment of a State Board of
Health, and after nearly a month's filibuster
ing ana alleged arguing the law was passed.
On April 1 tbe regular session began and I was
sent to Tallahassee as a correspondent. On the
third day after tbe organization of tbe Legisla
ture Representative Frank Clark introduced
what afterward became famous as "House Bill
No. 4." The bill provided that the city of
Jacksonville be made a provisional munici
pality, and 5750.000 be appropriated to Improve
the sanitary condition otthe city. ,
I remained at the capital for live weeks and
the bill which meant so much for the unfortu
nate city had not passed. This was caused by
the ignorance and jealousy ot some of the
members and the ability of others to waste
time on dilatory motions and snecessful fili
bustering. Finally wben the bill did pass both
House and Senate, it was amended so that as
far as the appropriation and bonding of tbe
city was concerned, tbe people of the city
should vote on that question themselves at a
special election. Thus it will be seen that
wben the bill passed it was nearing tbe 1st of
June, and hot weather was coming on, and
through a tardy, ignorant and crafty Legisla
ture matters were so delayed as to make any
important sanitary improvements in Jackson
ville an utter impossibility.
CHANCES OF AN EPIDEMIC.
The chances that Jacksonville will have a re
turn of tbo terrible epidemic, are more than
good. It is generally accepted that such will
bo the case. God grant that such will not prove
the case, for if there is a fairer, prettier or more
delightful city in this country in which to live,
I don't know of it. For tbe sake of the peoplo
who live there it is to be hoped that the fever
will not break out. I, who have seen all tho
horrors of a plague-strlckcn city, know what it
mean. It is terrible.
While it is true that but 8 or 9 per cent of the
cases in Jacksonville proved fatal last year,
still that alone constituted a vast number, in
cluding some of the brightest and most ener
getic of Florida's citizens. Those of us in the
North who do not understand the fever, may
rest assnrcd that the money sent there by them
last fall w as not one cent in excess of wbat was
needed. Rather was it the other way.
C. D. H.
A MODERN BETHESDA.
New Jersey Claims a Sprlnir Which Re
news Life The Remarkable Effect
of a Plnnse In It Waters Feels
Like a Chnmpaffiio Until.
rSFECIAL TXUtaKAM TO TBE DISPATCK.!
Boonton, N. J., July 20. Experts in
search of the elixir of life should come to
Boonton. Perhaps the inhabitants of this
quiet little Jersey town, along the banks of
the raging Bockaway river and the plaoid
Morris canal, may bo mistaken, but they really
feel that they bave a life renewer in the shape
of a spring. It is a combination of a spring and
a well and it is right in the middle of the river,
where the waters rush through the prettiest
kind of a ravine It is an odd pool, clear as
crystal and perpetually cooL Tbe pool be
longs to the famous Couper Lord estate, tho
estate ot the family from whence came Daniel
Lord and tbe big firm of Lord lawyers in
New York. Brown Brothers the celebrated
bankers, also belong to the same family. Tbe
spring in-question, so far as its bracing and
health restoring properties are concerned, was
discovered by Benjamin Nicoll. Nicoll Is a
brother of Delancey Nicoll, who cuts such a
figuro in law and politics in New York occa
sionally. Benjamin was tbe captain of the
Princeton freshman crew that won the race at
Saratoga in 1874, the only Princeton creV that
ever won a race. He married one of the Misses
Lord, and in that way came out to Boonton to
lock alter tbe iron mills and other Interests
belonging to the estate, and has a summer
residence near tbe river.
Tbe pool attracted NIcoll's attention as a
first-rate place for a bath. Ho tried it one day
and found It wonderfully invigorating. So he
built a spring board out over the edge and from
it he and his friends dive down into the cool
depths Last summer was the first that the
water was tried, but only this year bas it come
into constant use. Mr. Nicoll was delighted
with the bath from tbe start and the pleasing
features surprised him one by one. In the first
place, be found that while the river rushed and
swirled around the bathing spot, and occasion
ally made waves roll over the snrface, down
beneath a spring bubbled up and sent a spark
llnsr and effervescent kind of water nearlv
pto the surface. Tbe water is so clear that
the bottom of the pool, some 15 feet
from the top, can be seen perfeotly.
Tne plice where the spring gurgles
out of the rocky bottom and sends its bubbles
like tbe bubbles that go upward in a glass of
champagne, toward tbe surface, cau be plainly
Eerceived. The next thing noticed was the
uoyant effect of a bath in tbe pool npon tbe
entire system. Ho not only came out or the
bath cool and clean, but he felt unusually re
freshed. He felt, as be expressed It, as though
he had been in a champagne batb. He experi
enced tbe exhilarating feeling that most people
feel after drinking several classes of particu
larly lively champagne. A plunge in the pool
was better than any medicine. It mended all
phvslcal ills and revived tbe lagging energies.
Nicoll told some of his friends and they have
bathed repeatedly In the waters They are all
enthusiastic, and so are somei of the towns-
Seople who have taken quiet plunges. W.
might Wiman. the eldest son of Erastus Wi
man, Robert Gilmour, tbe asbestos dealer, and
James P. Perkins, tbe roan who converts mill
cinder into the paint with which Pullman par
lor cars are painted, all confirm what Niioll
says Tbey all declare that this Boonton pool
is a modern Bethesda. While tbey do not
know that diseases would be cored by a laving
in its waters tbey know that every bath renews
life and makes a man feel many 3 ears younger
when he came oat than when he west in.
Wbat causes these revigorating properties
can only be surmised. Medical examination
will undonbtedly be made before long, and
then some good reason will doubtless be ad
vanced. After remaining in tbe pool half an
hour, yon come out with a glow of health and a
feeling of strength and contentment that only
come now and then in a lifetime. You some
how feel sure that if you could take that
plunge every day your youth wonld be renewed
perpetually and you would be allying example
of Rider Hacgard's "She."
"Taken from the German." Judge.
Fob a finely cut, neat-fitting suit leave
your order with Walter Anderson, 700
Smithfield street, whose stock of English
suitings and Scotch tweeds is the finest in
the market; imported exclusively for his
trade. su
SUNDAY, JULY 21, ,
FEMALE PHYSICIANS.
A Grand Work Being Done by En
glish Women for Their Own Sex.
THE FIRST LADY PRACTITIONER.
SirMorell Mackenzie's Daughter Gnats In
terestingly Auout
WELL-KNOWN LONDON MEDICAL WOMEN
ICOKRISI-OXDENCE Or TRE DISPATCH. I
London. July 11. The ceremony of lay
ing the foundation stone for a new Hospital
for Women by the Princess of Wales sud
denly brought into prominence, or would it
be better to say, brought more forcibly
under the notice of thousands of people, tbe
work that is being done by women for
women. It is now more than 20 years ago
that Elizabeth Garrett, one of the famous
family of sisters, established herself in Lon
don as the first qualified woman doctor, and
although her name is now well known all
over England, those of Mrs. Scharlieb, Mrs.
de la Cherois, Jliss Macdonald and Miss
Webb are only beginning to be recognized
among the uninitiated as leading lady
physicians
Mrs. Garrett-Anderson was the first
woman to study medicine in England. No
school or hospital was then open to her in Lon
don, and it was only by Immense persever
ance and "indomitable will," and by paying
largely to private physicians for instruction
that she succeeded in obtaining a degree
abroad, where the medical faculties are less
conservative in their ideas, and more will
ing to share their pleasures aud work with
the sex.
It is in a large measure to Dr. Garrett
Anderson that a permanent training school
for women, in connection with the Boyal
Free Hospital, owes its existence, and she
and her colleagues have worked nobly for
the erection of a hospital, for which at least
$100,000 have to be subscribed. Over 550,
000 bave already been raised, and the build
ing is commenced, Miss Florence Night
ingale having been of great assistance in
preparing the plans Hitherto the New
Hospital for Women, which has been estab
lished for over IS years, has had its quarters
in two private houses iu Marylebone road,
but the lease has expired, and the search
after another equally suitable spot having
proved fruitless, the committee were obliged
to decide on building. The 26 beds have
never been empty and often as many as 130
out-patients have been seen iu the after
noon, and Mrs Anderson, Mrs Walker,
Mrs. de la Cherois, Mrs. Scharlieb, Miss
Cock and Miss Walker have never been
able to complain of not having enough
work to do.
THE ENTERING tVEDOE.
The Boyal Free Hospital, which, after
much .persuasion, consented to receive
women as medical students, has done much
toward helping the cause of those who
maintain the right of women to be treated
by women, if they so choose; but, as in this
large general hospital numbers of the patients
are men, tbe actual work, surgical ana medical,
is exclusively in the bands of the sterner sex,
though the ladies are admirably taught in the
practical part. But, like Oliver i wist, they are
always asking for more. An ambitious woman
will scarcely be content with the role of a stu
aent, however diligent, and, if they are to do
good anywhere, they must have opportunities
afforded them for gaining experience. It is
not. therefore, to be wondered at that great in
terest is now being taken In Knglanu in this
movement.
The "M. D. Lond." is a mystic sign much
prized by those possessing it, and is usually
considered tbe hardest attainable degree. Mrs
Scharlieb is tne first woman who has obtained
this distinction, and her success will give a
great impetus to those ladies who are working
to achieve renown, or earn a livelihood in the
medical profession. At tbe same time two
other Udies, Miss Webb and Miss Macdonald
took the M. B. degree of London, and since
then five others have gained the lite coveted
honor. It is now becoming comparatively easy
for women to quality as doctors
The first college in the United Kingdom to
grant diplomas to women was the King's and
Queen's College of Physicians in Dublin, tbe
examination for which is a verv severe one,
three months study of infectious diseases, be
sides other training, being insisted on. This
college and tbe Itoyal College of Surgeons ot
Ireland aro still tbe only bodies which admit
ladles as fellows, but the Conjoint Board In
Scotland, consstting of the Roal Colleges of
Physicians and Surceons of Edinburgn an
tbe Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of
Glasgow, as well as the Apothecaries' Society
of London, give diplomas, and the London Uni
versity, Royal University of Ireland and the
Victoria University of Manchester grant them
degrees 'Before, bowever, women can enter
for a medical examination they must produce
evidence of having completed a prescribed
course of stuaies
Mrs Garrett-Anderson was the first of her
sex to take tne diploma of the Apothecarlis'
Society (L. S. A.), and though they at first re
fused it her, she took counsel's opinion, and
they were compelled to accede to her demand.
Having been thus foiled, the venerable body
set to work to alter their rules and regulations,
and closed their doors so securely, that it was
impossible for women to force an entrance.
But they discovered their mistake a few years
later, when tbe medical and surgical colleges
ol Edinburgh and Dublin showed signs of gal
lantry, and tbey were obliced to call another
meeting to alter their aforesaid rules and regu
lations - Mast of tbe ladies at present practicing in
England hold only medical qualifications, but
by tbe law of 1886 every person seeking to be
placed on the Medical Register as a legally
qualified practitioner, must in future hold
three diplomas, proving that he or she is com
petent in every department of practice. Tho
necessity which has thus arisen for ladies to be
qualified as surgeons may affect tbe number of
them entering tbe profession in future, thouzh
it is probable that after qualifying, ladles will,
as heretofore, limit their practice to diseases
of women and children.
LADY DUFFEBIN'S GREAT -WOKE.
There seems to be no reason, however, why
ladies should not occupy themselves with cer
tain specialties such as tbe eye, tbe ear, and
tho throat, for where delicate manipulative
dexterity is required they ought to be particu
larly successful. That tbe Increased require
ments of recent medical legislation have not
yet had a deterrent influence on women de
sirous of entering the profession, is shown by
the fact that the unusually large number of 12
ladies were among those who passed the inter
mediate examination for the degree of Bachelor
of Medicine at the London University last year,
while there are a large number of ladies study
ing at present at tho London School of Medi
cine for Women and more than 20 at the .Edin
burgh school. Many of these are preparing
themselves for India, and numbers ot ladies go
out yearly under the auspices of the National
Association for supplying fem a to medical aid
to tbo women of India.
It is now nearly four years since this associa
tion, organized by the Counters of Dnfferin,
spranc into life, and branches bave been estab
lished throughout India. It is not generally
realized that most of the women In India bave
hitherto been unable to obtain medical treat
ment at all, on account or the rigorous laws of
caste, and that in all illnesses they bave bad to
depend on ignorant and often vicious women,
totally unqualified even for the post of nurse.
.The sufferings caused by these creatures are
too horrible; and Lady Dufferln, learning these
tbinm during her sojourn in the Indian Em
pire, has set about relieving them.
There are now in existence in India 12 hos
pitals for women and IS dispensaries officered
entirely by women. In connection with the asso
ciation, as well as the Cama Hospital, sup
ported by the Government; there are now at
feast 200 clrls "being ed ucated.
Tbe native princes and gentlemen are for the
most part enthusiastic supporters ot the
scheme of the national association. Their
Highnesses the Maharajah of Jeypore, tho
Nizam and the Maharajah of Ulwar, between
tbem gave two lakhs tbe Mabant (or high
priest) of Tripathy founded four scholarships
and is willing to pay half the salary ot aHos-
61tal Assistant forlripathy. The Begum of
opbal has already founded a hospital, and the
Nizam ot Hyderabad bas announced his inten
tion of bniHUng one, in commemoration of the
jubilee. TJieso are only a few examples of tbe
interest that is taken in the work all over the
country.
DOCTEES3E3 IN- ENGLAND.
In England! too, the number ot hospitals and
dispensaries tor women and children officered
by women, Islargely on the 'ncrease, and be
tide the new hospital, Marylebone road, there
are dispensaries at Notting Hill, Clapham. in
Bristol and1 Manchester, as well as hospitals in
Edinburgh' and Birmingham. A medical
woman was overheard complaining the other
day that her male colleagues Insisted on treat
ing her as consulting physician. "People will
not understand." said she, "that we are anxious
to .get family' practice at tbe ordinary fee.
1889.
They will have it that we strive after the
higher remuneration: a great mistake, for we
wish to be recanted in the light of general
practitioners."
Two of our most distinguished lady doctors
have died in tbe last few years. One was Mrs
Allan Sturge, the wife of Dr. Sturge, physician
to tbe hospital for tho paralyzed and epileptic
She studied and graduated in Paris and it was
there she met her future husband; they be
came mutually useful to each other through
his helping her to prepare her thesis for tbe
M.D., and her teaching him French. Soon
after her marriage she showed signs of con
sumption, so settled down In practice in Nice,
where she made quite a reputation before her
death.
The other loss was that of Mrs. Anna Kines
ford. also tbe wife of a London doctor. She
was an extraordinary woman, arul dabbled in
spiritualism and tbeosophy as well as medicine.
Perhaps it is wrong to sav "dabbled In medi
cine," for she graduated M. D. in Paris and
practiced in London. Shefiist became known
by her clever book. "Child Lite in Japan,"
which was illustrated with charming drawings
from her own pencil. Her sketches showed
tbe little Japs In all tho freedom of their wild
gambols, frisking and tumbling about with all
the natural grace of kittens She told of their
happy lives.f or they are said to be the bapoiest
children in tbe world, brought up as they are
without restraint, and quite free from the su
perstitions as to swathes and wrappings, which
often make the lives of European children
miserable, and induce stunting and deformity
in after life.
f Ethel M. Mackenzie.
SOME IRON HISTORY.
Henben Duller, Jr., Tells How and Wben
tbo First I'liubarg- Bridges Were
Built Materials Ilanlcd in
Wacom From Janlntn.
rwnimm vob Trot dispatch.:
Reuben Miller, Jr.'s recollections cover
about 80 years of Pittsburg's history. His
residence here dates back to the year 1805,
Keuben Miller, Sr. having that year re
moved from Philadelphia to this city. The
fourth Reuben Miller in regular line bas
attained to manhood.but Reuben tbe second
still malntaihs the title of Jr., though in his
eothyear. His faculties are clear as ever and
bis memory is wonderfully accurate concern
ing events and people of this city in the olden
time. A recent talk with the venerable octo
genarian elicited manyjacts of interest, some
of which are here jotted down.
The contracts for the first bridges that over
the Allegheny river at Sixth street and over
the Monongabela at Smithfield, were let about
the same time to tbe same firm. Tbo contrac
tors were Johnson & Stacker, and the work was
completed in 1818. Though tbe work of both
bridges was going on at the same time, it
seemed to be the aim of the contractors to Keep
tbe Monongabela bridge a little abead, and
accordingly it was opened to public travel a
few months abead of that over tbe Allegheny.
The iron used in the Smithfield street bridge
was brought from, Juniata county on wagons
Gloninger & Co. were the owners of the forge
and furnace on Spruce creek. Huntington
county, where the iron was made for Pitts
burg's first bridge. The successors of this firm
were Lyon &. bhorb, who were founders of the
Slico mills on the south end ot tbe Smithfield
street bridge. Before tbe bridge over the Alle
gheny river was completed the Union Iron
Mills at Pipetown. on the site of tbe Everson
plant, were completed, and the iron for this
bridge was rolled at these mills The projectors
of this first rolling mill or Pittsburg were Gen
eral William Robinson, Judge Baldwin, John
K. McKinckle and Daniel Beltzoover.
The Smithfield street bridge was consumed
in the fire of 1845, and the contract for tbe new
suspension bridge on the site was awarded to
the Senior Roebling, wbo was at the head of a
bridge building plant in New Jersey. Tho iron
of tbe first bridge was taken by him to his New
Jersey plant, and there drawn into wires and
rods He pronounced it tbe best iron ho bad
ever drawn into wire, being tough as whale
bone. In about a dozen years afterMr. Roebling
was awarded tbe contract for tbe new suspen
sion bridge over the Allegheny river, and fully
expected to obtain as good results from the
iron of the old bridge tbere as be had obtained
from that of tbe Monongabela bridge, erected
the same year by the same contractors
But he was doomed to disappointment. The
iron of the Allegheny bridge was brittle and
wouldn't draw, giving evidence that the first
make of tbe pioneer rolling mill of Pittsburg
was not np to standard.
The Juniata iron was hammered, while that
produced here was rolled, and tbe difference
was discovered a generation or more afterward
by the celebrated bridge builder, whose name
is still at the front in this department of in
dustry. Another interesting iron item of the olden
time called out by this interview with Reuben,
Miller, Jr., was concerning the first furnace
built in this section. The main facts have been
published in Centennial records but it is be
lieved that some ot the details are new to most
of The DI8FATCH reader. The first iron fur
nace of this region was built near Ben Venue
station, by George Anshutz, nearly a centnry
ago. The furnace was a failure because tbo ex
pected ore was not 'found in that vicinity.
Geo. Anshutz hailed from the Juniata country,
where all the Pittsburg pioneers of this indus
try balled from. Lyons 8hoenherger. Sborb,
Spang all served their apprenticeship to the
Iron trade in the Jnniata counties After tbe
furnace failure at the bead of tbe Two Mile
run, Mr. George Anshutz returned to his old
home east of the mountains for a period of
years, but ultimately returned to Pittsburg
and here spent his closing years He died on
the corner of Chancery lane ana Water street
at a ripe old ace. A daughter was married to
Hailman, whose name was prominent in iron
circles a generation ago. Young.
A Damper on Conversation.
Yachtsman Fishing ?
Punter No; sawin' wood. Judge.
One Thousand miles ot Transportation nnd
One Week's Board for $12 OO.
The Pittsburg and Cincinnati packet line.
Steamers leaving Pittsburg as follows:
Steamer Katie Stockdale, Thomas S. Cal
houn, Master.leaves everv Monday at 4 p.m.
Steamer Hudson, J. F. Ellison, Master,
leaves every Wednesday at 4 p. it.
Steamer Scotia, G. W. Kowley, Master,
leaves ever Friday at 4 P. M.
First-class fare to Cincinnati and return,
$12 00, meals and stateroom included; or,
down by river and return by rail, 512 60.
Tickets good until used.
For iurther information apply to James
A. Henderson, Superintendent, 94 Water
street. su
CLAKET WINES.
Imported Brandcnbersr Frerrs.
Medoc, St. Emilion, St. Estepha,
Julian, Margeaux, Pontet Canet,
Pierrie. Chateau Leoville. Chateau
St
St.
la
Rosa. Chateau Mouton. Grand Vin Chatean
Margeaux, Grand "Vin Chateau Lafitte, by
the case or bottle. G. W. Schmidt,
95 and 97 Fifth avenue, city.
Iron City Beer.
This delicious summer beverage, brewed
bv Frauenheim & Vilsack, is undoubtedly
the best in tbe market. It is pure, whole
some and nutritious
How Nice and I.ltr-I.ikr.
'It's a perfect imaije. Where did yon get
them? Why, at Stewart & Co.'s, 90 Fed
eral st., Allechcny. And, just think, 13
cabinet photos for a dozen lor SI.
Free of Charge.
We will give you a new pair of corsets
free of charge for any corset bought from us
and not giving entire satisfaction.
"F. Schoenthal, 012 Penn ave.
Como Quick.
300 Smyrna rugs, all sizes "w-ill be closed
out this week, 49c and up, about half value.
THOENXON BBOS.
Dabbs, oar well-known photographer
has the great faculty of.leelng the best and
strongest individuality of the person end the
knowledge of how to bring.it out best in a
photograph.
Strangers visiting Pittsburg should
have their photographs made by Dibs
THE PARISIAN PIRATE
flow He is Bobbing tbe Visitors to
tile French Exposition.
PRICES DOUBLED AND TEIPEED.
Americans Hade tbe Special Tictims of
French Greed.
PARISIANS EXEMPT FfiOH EXT0ETI0N
tcortBispOnit'sci or the dispatch.
Paws, July 12. I believe it has often
been remarked that, when an opportunity
occurs, the Gaul rises within himself,
actively, alertly and at once, and gathers it
in. He is polite, but he is endowed with a
swiftness that causes chain lightning to
seem both cumbersome and melancholy. In
the year 1889 he is at his best.
There is only one funny thing in all
Europe this year. It is the agonized wail
of the British tradesman, who bas gone to
France and encountered tbe Frenchman upon
his native heath. For nany years, the London
keeper of a shop or of lodgings bas held a posi
tion of deserved and honored eminence among
the schemers and extortioners ot mankind.
The depths to wbiclube will descend for the
purpose of gathering in an extra farthing, tho
swindles which he practics upon visiting
Americans and the thousand and one devices
which be has laboriously carried out for the
purpose of mulcting an extra half penny from
whoever comes in his way. bave made him a
man of importance in'the world of small
finance.
These characteristics are as promptly and
bitterly recognized by Englishmen of tbe bet
ter class as by foreigners. But tbe London
"Any" bas met his Waterloo in Paris this year.
When compared to tbe Frenchman, tbe visi
tor to the Paris Exposition is "not in the move
ment." Thero is no poetry or imagination in the pres
ent outcry against the thievery of the Parisian
tradesmen, restaurant keepers and landlords
generally. Newspaper readers are acquainted
through tbe Associated Press dispatches with
tbe attempts which tho French Government
are making to suppress the thieving propensi
ties of some of the humbler citizens of Paris.
But thee are only tbe general facts. Scores
anu scores oi nacKmen nave Deen arreuea, anu
are still behind iron bars; and the Government
scheme of sending commissioners daily to the
different restaurants, and revising bills of fare,
so that the public shall not bo so outrageously
swindled, will shortly be in operation.
HEIRLESS TICTIMS.
Indeed, an effort has been made already in
this direction, but it amounts to nothing, be
cause the majority of people swindled are
Americans who do not know any French, or,
English people who know very little, and are
afraid to air their Ignorance. The shopkeepers
show great discrimination in picking out peo
ple to swindle, but they never, by any chance,
allow an American to escape.
As an instance of the rapacity of some of the
restaurant keepers, take two breakfasts that I
ate in Paris at the same restaurant. About
two weeks before tho exposition opened I
called on a man connected with the Austrian
diplomatic service in Paris, and the day being
flue, we walked up to the Champs Elysees to a
small restaurant next the salon, which is
much frequented by artists, journalists and
professional men generally. Is Is called Le
doyen's. It is quite as well known in Paris as tbe
Brunswick cafe is in New York. Tbo tables
are under awnings spread outside ol the main
building, tbe kitchen is excellent, and the
E rices have always been reasonable. It should
e borne in mind in weighing tbe relative cost
of living there before and du'ing the exposi
tion that the cost of meals in Paris in normal
times is only abouta third as much as it is in
New York.
Ordinarily a dinner, with a bottle of Ted wine,
that costs ti or J5 in New York may be bad in
Paris for II at tbe outside. The particular
breakfast at Ledoyen's to which I refer was a
modest meal, as neither my companion nor I
ate heavily In the morning. We had eegs
cocotte. a small strip of broiled salmon and a
plat du jour, with a bottle of chablis.
Men who live in hotels and restaurants cet
into the habit after a time of eating pretty
much the same sort of breakfast and dinner
day after day. The mental wear and tear of
ordering novel dishes with every meal is too
heavy to be voluntarily undertaken.
A CASE IN POINT.
A week or so after the opening of ths expo
sition. I returned to Paris, and, calling on my
Austrian friend, we walked up to Ledoyen's for
the second time. All the way out be poured
into my ears stories of tha extortions of Paris,
and suggested that we should order precisely
the same breakfast again, and see what they
would charge u.
We spoke in English to tbe waiter, and, after
breakfast, received a bill that showed more
eloquently than words can tell how much
money the restaurant keepers are getting out
of the casual visitors to tbe French capital.
F,ormerry,the eggs had been 20 cents now they
were GO. There nad been the samo increase in
the price of salmon, and, for ihetlish ot the
day, which was a chicken stew, and which bad
formerly been served to two of ns for 30 cents,
we were now charged $2 40. The chablis bad
risen in price from 40 cents to K. and tbe tout
bad mounted fro ji Jl 10 to 55 00.
I put down only themain dishes of tho break
fast. We bad some asparagus and fruit, and
these, with cigars and coffee, brought tbe
breakfast up to about $10. Tbe meal would
have been dear in any city in the world at $2 0.
Tbere was tremendous amount ot protest
ing and kicking on the part of my companion,
and, after no end of a row, the bill was bllghtly
reduced by the proprietor. But it was not
wrtli the struggle.
This is an actual experience, and gives a fair
idea of what is eoing on all over the French
capital to-day. One meets with it everywhere.
A man forgets his handkerchief on leaving the
hotel, and stops in at a small shop souiewnere
to buy one. The girl tears the price label off
tho corner of tbe handkerchief, and unblush
ingly charges $2 or H for what she would have
sold gratefully for 60 cents two or three weeks
ago. Tbe visitor takes a cab. drives half a
mile, and prepares to pay the 30 cents, which
tbe law has fixed for the service, when the
hackman sets np a terrific outcrv, after craftily
looking around to see that no policeman is near,
and there is no chance of getting off without a
ntg row, unless one pays two or tnree nines tne
fare.
THBEE BIIXS OP PAKE. "
An actor in the Gymnase one night showed
me three bills of fare which he had collected in
the Cafe do la Prix which is one of the best
known restaurants, and certainly the most
prominently located one in Paris. Tbe first
menu was apparently intended for tbe French
patrons of the house. It was laid on the tallies.
iroul 11 IO Z, wnicu aru luo usual utrajtiiisb
hours for the business men and sportsmen who
frequent this pirticnlar hostelry. At 3 o'clock
the second menu was ,.lace 1 upon the table. It
was precisely like the first, except that the
prices were a hundred per cent greater. At 7
o'clock at night tbe third incnu,In a beautifully
gilded frame, supplanted the other two, at
prices which would t. tattle a Rothschild. Such
charges as 'JO cents for asparagus and a similar
sum for potatoes or green peas figure on tbe
list of the last of the three bill-, of fare.
There seems to be a tacit understanding by
which Parisians are exempt from these thiev
ing charges. One reason for this is proDably
tbe fear of the police, and another is the fact
that Frenchmen of the better class give enor
mous fees to tbe waiters.
Nothing is more erroneous than tbe belief
that the men wbo lire at tbo smart restaurants
of Paris are chary of tips. I have often known
Frenchmen at tbe better cafes give a waiter
$2 or $3 at a time, in a tip. after a heavy
dinner for to or three people. Tbey always
expl iin it with great good natnre to Americans,
and I must say that tue explanation has force.
By tipping the waiter lilieratlr, they get the
lowest grade of prices, which not infrequently
makes a aiffereme of a great many dollars in
the bill, and besides this they have tbe good
will of the cook aud the best possible service.
Tbe restaurants which are frequented by the
English and American visitors are the ones
where tbe extortion is tbe most barefaced and
relentless. Such places as Volson's, Blgnon's,
Durand's and the Cafe Anglaise are notable in
this respect. They are. iu tbe main, frequented
by people who are not particularly strong in
their French, and wbo do not care how much
they pay, as long as tliel" dinner is good. Tbey
pay no atteutlou whatever to the bills that are
rendered them, and the result is that tbey ate
swindled right and left; for it is considered
that any man woo Is so foolish as to allow him
self to bo swindled in Franco deserves that
punishment.
QUITE AMERICAN.
At Volson's oue night, 1 saw James Gordon
Bennett, with young Hennessey, the man
whose father manufactured so much rare old
brandy, Howell Osborne, young Stevens and
his wife, who was formerly pretty May Brady,
of New York. General Rathbone, tbe Marquis
of Granbv.Lord Rawdon, George Law.Plonger
Benson. Frank Lord, a handful ot Auerican
gamblers who had been down to Monte Carlo,
andha'f a dozen New York burlesque and
light opera divinities, with male attachments
more or less known about town. There were
probably cot more than four or five Parisians
in the place. Everybody spoke English to the
waiters, and one might almost bave been in
New York, as far as outward appearances
went. n
The man who was -dining with roe bad lived
bt waimpnicn'n mrsix yir,pni r 0-"'''''
v.
sb ''-31r
- ay-
our bill for dinner, which was 7. with what it'
would hava cost at Delinomco's. He made tho
American charges $8 50. .
At the hotels they commonly charge 5 francs,
or a $1 a day for service. This includes nothing
else except the work of the chambermaid, and
is an addition to tbe prieffof the loom. Homo
of tbe hotels like tbe Grand, announced at tbe
beginning of the year that they would increase
their prices 30 per cent, while others like tho
Continental, said nothing abont an increase,
and then doable up ail around tbe shop.
Concerning the general question of what it
will cost to live in Pans this year, it mnst bo
said that the manner of life will of course bave
everything to do with it. If the man who
comes from the West to visit New York,
chooses to go and lire down on the Bowery or
in Bleecker street, he can probably get along
here for to a week. But. if be lives uptown,
and in the midst of things, his expenses will bo
mproportion.
So it is in Pans. If one is content to live in
the Latin Quarter, the exnense will be only
about 23 per cent more this year than last.
cans invariably do, and lives at tbe restaurants,
he will find that his breakfast will average
about $3, bis dinner $8, bs late supper $3. ana
single room, with coffee, candles, batb and at
tendants will come mighty near tS a day. In
fact, be will bave to pay about $20 a day before
be begins to spend any money.
Catarrh
IS a blood disease. Until tne poison la
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bo no care for this loathsome and
dangerous malady. Therefore, the only
effective treatment is a thorough course)
of Ayer's Sarsaparilla the bestot all
blood purifiers. The sooner you begin
the better ; delay is dangerous.
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began to take Ayer's Sarsaparilla. A.
few bottles of this medicine cured me of
tnis troublesome complaint and com
pletely restored my health." Jesse il.
Boggs, Holman's Mills, N. C.
"When Ayer's Sarsaparilla was rec
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Charles H. Maloney, 113 Eiver st
Lowell, Mass.
arsapariila,
PKEPAKED BT
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ap2-5S
MEDICAL.
DOCTOR
WHITTIER
814 PENS AVENUE, PITTsBUKG, PA..
As old residents know-and back files of Pitts
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voting special attention to all chronic diseases.
.IJhieapreerio3nn,-NO?EEUNTILCURED
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8HPenn avenue. Pittsburg, Pa.
jy9-K-SuWk
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GRAY'S SPECIFIC MEDICINE
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