-
t
I
THIRD PART.
H
? conservative cuba;
"i People Who Cling to the Laws and
uusiuuis ui meir rureiainers.
- A COSMOPOLITAN POPULATION.
.
The Oriental and Semi-Barbaric Marble
Homes of Havana.
HAP-HAZAED HOUSEKEEPING IN CUBA
rcOEEISPOXDEXCB OT TEI SISFATCB.1
HAVANA, Cu
ba, April 5. Any
thing more uncom
mon than the man
ners and customs of
the Cubans cannot
be conceived. They
are a people who
never change. As
their seasons are
merged into one
continual summer,
so their ideas seem
to run in a channel J
to -which there is J
Banana Tree, no outlet or devia
tion. The laws of their forefathers have be
come their laws, as they will become the
laws of their children and children's chil
dren. It thus transpires that an old world
changelessness hangs over the rude walls
and crumbling buildings of their ancient
city. It is dirty, picturesque, oriental,
semi-barbaric To clean or renovate would
be considered a folly; to rebuild or remodel,
a desecration. A number of "years ago the
walls of a large publio structure, from sheer
age, fell in. This structure occupied one of
the most desirable blocks in the town,
but it remains to-day, the same ruin it was
when its tottering foundation succumbed to
the ravage of time, and gave way. A cen-
s'
-B.Ca -
WiSr&
Sax anese Residences
tury hence it will no doubt hide itself in
creeping foliage, but it will still be theheap
of stones and mortar it is at present writing.
a mixed rorui.AiioN.
A motley throng it is that threads its way
through the narrow broken streets of the
Cuban city. Spaniards, v;uDans,uninamen,
Turks, Frenchmen and negroes constitute
the permanent population, and,as they min
gle indiscriminately together, it becomes
the task of an expert to distinguish the one
from the other. Only two-fifths of the pop
ulation is black, but tbc fact that the negro
predominates suggests itself even to the
casual observer.
There is a saying to the effect that "where
the banana grows, men don't grow, unless
they are black." This saying is forcibly
recalled to the mind when one compares the
Emall,dwarfish, stooped-shouldered, sunken
cheeked Cuban to the huge, stalwart, splen
didly developed African who is universally
healthy and strong, and who basks in the
scorchiner rays ot the tropical sun as a duck
skims majestically over the cool surface of
a placid lake. He seems born to mingle
with palm, plantain and cane.
Slavery has been done away with in
Cuba. The negro toils with other laborers
now. He is paid as are the white men who
work by his side. He sends his children to
sbhool, and has his sons taught a trade. He
is no longer despised and beaten, but he is
still regarded as little better than an ani
mal, and in many instances treated in
finitely worse.
HAPPY AS THE DAT IS IXNG.
Nevertheless he is very happy. He sings,
and his song has all the religious lugubri
ous characteristics of his race, but it is pa
thetic and sweet, and oftimes weird and
mystic It would be grotesque were it not -so
melancholy. A battered guitar or banjo,
or drum is his favorite accompaniment. As
it is second nature for him to sing, so it is
his natural bent to jlance This he does to
perfection. There may be only a rnde grace
to his movements, but there is an intense,
not to say poetic, feeling in them.
Nothing perhaps more clearly indicates
the character of the Cubans than their
dwelling places. These structures rather
grew out ol the climate than the ingenuity
of the builders. Certain it is, no architect
woula care to incur the responsibility of
them. They are usually one or two stoiies
high, and are of an oriental pattern. Out
side they resemble a huge square box,
painted white, blue or yellow, across the
front of which is erected a portico, sup
ported by tall columns, and surmounted at
the top by an iron railing, forming a sort
of balcony, inasmuch as the upper doors
open upon it. All the windows of the Cu
ban house extend from floor to ceiling, and
consist of bars of iron painted some bright
color in lieu of glass, which would exclude
the air and retain the heat.and is neverused.
EESEMBLE JAILS.
"When I awakened on the morning of my
first night in Havana, I thought I was in
jail and found myself actually speculating
in vague way as to how I had got in, and
what had been the nature of my offense. Of
course I was not long in discovering my
mistake, bdt it took me a good time to recon
cile myself to the custom.
As a rule all the floors of the dwelling
houses are marble or brick, and the patio
or square courtyard is indespensable No
abode is found without it. Bound this
square, "which stands in the center of the
building, and has no roof other than the
blue sky, are arranged the rooms of the fam
ily. Through the front door, a wide lofty
opening, heavily barred when closed, the
carriage and horses of the occupants come
and go. So does the milkman, who drives
in his cow and milks her in full view of the
drawing or bedroom as the case may be
Milk cannot be kept from turning sour more
than an hour, hence it is very scarce and
expensive, and instead of being carted round
in a wagon, is conveyed by its natural con
ductor, the cow herself. It costsjnearly 40
cents a quart in American money and $1 in
Spanish paper, but it is exceedingly good
and free from the influence of the pump.
"When the family carriage is not in use, it
is rolled back out of the way under the front
staircase
A TEOPICAE DINING BOOM.
The patio is always filled with palms, un
der which is spread the breakfast tabic On
either side of the wide hall are the marble
paved living rooms, large, high, square and
utterly devoid of ornamentation. No car
pets or rugs cover the floors. No curtains
grace the windows or hangings the doors.
Stuffed furniture is replaced by cane, wil
low and wood. In the center of each apart
ment is placed two rows of chairs, facing
each other back against the wall is an
other. The Cuban never changes his ideas,
or his furniture, and never will. As it stood
a century ago it stands still and, will con
tinue to Stand fhronirlinnt another decade.
i mere are no chlmnevs charcoal is nsed
mm
y W 3L. fH HF
&
.jjfc Jlljiiiltoii A ife .arrntf -'--" aAh&a&Hr i" ittf iftfifflftni llTii "fV "'
for cooking purposes. The stove consists of
a flat slab of stone, in which are several
squares hollowed out to contain the fuel. A
grate is placed in the bottom of each. -A
visit to the culinary department of the hotel
n.titr.1. affV-Uirnt1 AfHuT. IS not likely
inspire you wit
the cleanliness
- . . r 1
vntilrA iy rrtn?
v, , nennlf. should be so careless,
but it seems as natural for them to be dirty
as it is for a New England housewife to be
clean,
TOO MANT SEBVANTS.
The reason of this is in a measure ex
plained bv the fact that each establishment
contains a dozen or more black servants,
whose manifest duty it is to attend to each
nd everv department of the household.
Servants thus left to their own devices can
not but prove worthless. These ot Cuba
sweep and clean and scrub when they have
a mind to, and leave their work undone
when they feel so inclined, Their mistress
never interferes with them. To do so would
require "exertion, and activity of any kind
is foreign to ladies of this clime. It is not
expected ot the Cubana to move a muscle
unless she feels so disposed. She breakfasts
at noon, has her hair properly rolled in curl
papers, sleeps, fans herself and dines. It is
only doing her justice to say that she per
forms three tasks with great credit Long
practice makes perfect, and one may become
an adept at doing nothing very gracefully.
The mid day meal in Cuba corresponds to
thedijeunerin France It consists first of
Spanisn olives and pineapples or oranges,
after which is served in courses eggs, fish,
steak, chops, potatoes, bacalao (rice), jelly
and coffee Claret is the prevailing drink
with meals. The coflee is strong and bears
the aroma of the essence of the Arabian
berry. Everyone smokes, from the ebony
faced darkey, who puffs a long, black cigar,
to the dreamy-eyed Cubana, who delicately
inhales her scented cigarette The weed
may be indulged in anywhere hotels, par
lors, railway or street cars not excepted.
THE SPANISH BULE
is a subject of great weight in Cuba. Very
little is said about it, but a great deal is
felt. The Cubans are not permitted to
make heir own laws or choose their own
representatives or take anyypart at all in the
government of the island. They must bow
to Spain, the mother country, accept her de
crees, obey her laws, submit to her pllfer
ings (and she keeps the country in a state
ot bankrupted), rob their stores to enrich her
treasury, in one, piay to tne very letter tne
part of the conquered to the conqueror. A
Spaniard is a man of Spanish blood born in
Spain. A Cuban is the son of this man
born in Cuba. Very nearly related, of the
same blood in fact, but cordially hating
each other for all that The Spaniard is
haughty, proud, egotistical, obstinate; the
Cuban is weak, vain, frivolous, intriguing,
but he has been courageous in the defence
of his island in the past, and the land is
still dear to him. He suffered himself to
appear submissive to the despised Spanish
yoke, but rebellion is ever uprising in his
heart I think he will eventually make
another fight for "CubaXibre," but" there is
no donbt but that he will be many centuries
olderbefore he rids himself entirely of the
fetters which bind him to Spain.
Lillian Spenceb.
THE GREAT AFEICAN F0EEST.
Enormous Extent of the Timber Region of
the Dark Continent.
N ew York Sun. 1
The great forest through which Stanley
recently passed, which he estimated to cover
216,000 square miles, is onlv a small part of
the great African forest which extends al
most unhrokenly from the west coast in
the Gaboon and Ogowe regions, with a
width of several hundred miles, to the great
lakes. This belt of timber, trending away
to tbe heart of the continent in a direction
a little south of east, is, perhaps, the great
est forest region in the world. A part of it
strikes south of the Congo at the great
northern bend of that river, and the country
embraced within the big curve is covered
with a compact forest the towering and
wide-spreading trees shutting out a large
part ot the sunlight
In these forests, completely shut out from
the rest of the world, live hundreds of
thousands of people who are almost un
known to the tribes living in the savanna
regions outside Scattered through the big
woods within the Congo bend are little
communities of Batwa dwarfs, of whose ex
istence the traveller has no inkling until he
suddenly comes upon them. Here also,
along the Sankuru river, are the tree habi
tations described by Dr. Wolf, where the
natives live in huts built among the
branches to escape the river floods. It was
in great clearing made in these forests that
Kuud and Tappenbeck discovered some of
the most notable villages yet found in Afri
ca;, where well-built huts with gable roofs,
line both sides of a neatly kept street that
stretches away for eight or nine miles. These
villages are even more interesting than the
street towns in the more sparsely timbered
regions south of them, which were regarded
as very wonderful when they were first dis
covered by Wissmann. It was his account
of these villages that led Bishop Taylor to
choose this part of Africa as the goal he
wished to reach.
A TERT DIRTY WORLD.
Bullions of Atoms of Dnst in a Cubic Inch of
Air.
London Gloue.3
Mr. John Aitken is a very ineeniouB
gentleman, but some of his discoveries have
a tendency to make one feel creepy. He has
invented an instrument by means of which
he is able to make a number of calculations
of tbe most uncomfortable kind. With the
aid of this apparatus he is able to count ex
actly tbe particles of dnst in a sunbean. In
a cubic inch of space near the ceiling of a
room he found there 88,310,000 atoms of
dust, and in the same space of a BnnsenJ
flame 48M,uuu,utw. saucn discoveries make
us dread tbe air we breathe
Not long ago Mr. Aitken proved that in
tbc atmosphere of a room when the gases
are lit in tbe evening there are as many par
ticles in each cnbic inch as there are inhab
itants in Great Britain, and that in three
incbes from the gases of a Bunsen 'flame
the particles of dust are as numerous as the
number of'people in the world. It would
require more courage than is averagely pos
sessed to state the quantity of dust we in
hale with every breath.
Antomatlc. Bartender.
New York Herald.:
In the prohibition States they now use an
automatic bartender, with 6, 10 and 25 cent
slot which set out the chosen liquor in
response to the dronned-in coin. Thev are
owned and shipped "loaded" by parties out-J
Ua 4f.n Bint. Tk. .rA.t H.T..A1. .... I. . 1
DlUV.llCUl4.be. .A.UC HVlBk nuiliU U1U uajj-
pen'to them is a month's imprisonment,
which does not in the .least harm the ma
chine or its liquor.
JL Cuban Peasant's Hut
THE PITTSBURG
WHERE TIME IS MADE.
interesting Facts Ahout the Nature
of the Work Done at
TEE ALLEGHENY 0BSEEVAT0EY.
How the Astronomers Are Enabled, by
"Watching the Stars,
TO DETERMINE THE CORRECT TIME
tWMTTEN FOB, TBI PISrATCH.1
N the top of one of
the many hills that
surround the Twin
Cities is located an
institution probably
best known to the in
habitants of Pitts
burg and Allegheny
bv its giving name to
the hill on which it stands. The institu
tion referred to is the Allegheny Observa
tory, and although known all over the
scientific world for the discoveries made by
it, the average citizen's notion of the work
done there is rather vague
Some have an idea that every favorable
day a man looks at the sun through a teles
cope and a piece of smoked glass and is
thus in some way enabled to set his watch
and give the correct time to the public
Others imagine that they who spend their
time within its mysterious walls sleep all
day and pass the night reveling in star
clusters, comets, nebula; and other wonder
ful things, which entirely remove them
from ordinary mortals. An astronomer's
life is not so fanciful as this, however. Iu
order to better acquaint the people of
Pittsburg and Allegheny t with the instru
ments and work of an institution better
known to the scientists of Europe than the
Iron City, of which we are so proud, this
article has been written.
FKOJI SMALL BEGINNINGS.
An institution for astronomical investiga
tion was first talked of in the early part of
1859. The idea met with great favor, for
subscriptions began to be paid in, and in
1860 the "Allegheny Astronomical Society"
ordered of Henry Fitz a refracting telescope
to be of 13 inches aperture, and about the
beginning of the year 1862 the telescope was
in place and in actnal use. The Civil "War
stopped further progress, and after its close
the corporation transferred their interest to
the Western "University of Pennsylvania,
on the condition that they should support
the institution and endow a chair of Astron
omy. The observatory building was then very
small compared with its present size. In
shape it may be likened to a large letter L,
placed backward, with the longer line run
ning north and south, and the shorter ex
tending west from the southern end of it
Beginning at the north, we have the divi
sions of the building in succession as fol
lows: Boiling shed, covering the siderostat,
"dark room," bedroom and machine shop,
drawing-room, assistant's room, director's
room (at the angle), "computing room" or
main offlce.dome and transit room. Origin
ally there was nothing but the dome and the
computing room. Subsequently the "time
service" was established and the transit
room containing the transit instrument and
two clocks was added. Since then various
additions have been made, the latest being
the dark room, with the siderostat just
north of it, used for the study of heat radi
ation, particularly from the moon's surface,
and for sundry other purposes.
THE IXSTBUMENTS USED.
The equipment of the observatory may be
described under four heads: "
The instruments used in the time service
the transit, chronograph and time pieces.
The large and small telescopes.
Galvanometer, spectro-bolometerand other
apparatus for special research.
The library.
The time service is the most important
wore oi tne oDservatorv, ana does tne gener
al publio the most good. Electrical signals
are continually sent out to the railroads from
Philadelphia to Chicago, by which their
clocks are kept going exactly right, and to
the cities of Pittsburg and Allegheny, for
which the observatory receives compensa
tion, which serves to meet the running ex
penses of the institution. The instruments
used in the-time service may be divided into
two classes: First, the instruments actually
used to keep time and distribute it, consist
ing of two chronometers, a sidereal clock, a
mean time clock, which gives the electrical
signals; with another mean time clock to be
used in case of accident to the standard
mean time clock, and the necessary electric
al apparatus to distribute the electrical
signals; second, the instruments used to de
termine how much the clocks are in error.
27te Allegheny Observatory.
GETTING THE COBBECT TIME.
In the transit room of the observatory is
seen a telescope of four inches aperture,
mounted en a heavy horizontal axis, the
ends of which rest on massive stone piers.
This telescope can move in but one direc
tion, viz., about this horizontal axis point
ing east and west, and thus it describes a
circle.'in rotating, which, being .prolonged
to the heavens, is the celestial meridian.
Across this celestial meridian every star
passes at a certain time each day, and, the
time of transit, as this passage is called,
being given by the American Nautical Al
manac for several hundred stars, all the
observer needs to do is to observe the time
and thus tell whether his clock is in error or
not
The process may be briefly described. The
telescope being set to the proper declination,
the observer takes his position and watches
in the telescope for the star's passage. In
the field of.view are seven fine vertical
lines, across which the star passes, under
his finger is an electric key, which he
presses as the star crosses each wire. Each
time the key is pressed a mark is made on
a sheet of paper in the chronograph in
another room, and as the clock also makes
a mark each second on the sheet, the time of
transit can be gotten from a direct exami
nation of the sheet It is needless to re
mark that, although the astronomical clocks
keep wonderfully accurate time, they vary
a fraction of a second a day, and observa
tions are made on almost every fair night to
determine their error.
The "Howard mean time clock" in the
transit room is arranged to fend out the
electric signals. Whenever the time is
wanted a sounder is put in the circuit pass
ing through the observatory, which is made
to beat each second. Ten seconds at the
end of each minute are omitted and a whole
minute at the end of each hour, so the min
ute and second beats-may be identified.
THE GBEAT TELESCOPE.
The large telescope of the observatory is
13 inches in aperture and about 15 feet
focal length. It wasmade by Henry Fitz
and afterward remodeled and greatly im
proved by Alvan Clark, the maker of the
36-inch glass for the Lick Observatory.
More recently it has been overhauled by
Mr. J.A- Brashear, our own telescope
palter; amvisnowaverygooa instrument,
PITTSBTTKa, SUNDAY,
though but little used on account of the
small working force at the observatory. The
telescope is provided with circles and a
driving clock to enable it to follow the mo
tion of a star. It is unfortunate that the in
stitution does not receive the support neces
sary to keep a force to make use of the ex
cellent equipment it possesses.
In the "dark room" (so called because all
outside illumination may be excluded from
it) is a great deal of apparatus which is en
tirely unique and used for "the special re
searches Prof. Langley and his assistants
havelieen engaged in for a long time The
work for which the Allegheny Observatory
is famous all over the scientific world is an
investigation of the moon's heat This
problem had almost baffled investigators
for a long time. Poets have always sung"
about "the cold moon," and though she cer
tainly sent us light it was very difficult to
get indications of heat. "Large burning
mirrors and lenses were employed to con
centrate the heat, and delicate thermometers
were used, but only very small indications
of heat were gotten until Prof. Langley
turned his attention to the problem. Find
ing that the glass lenses used to concentrate
the moon's radiation absorbed a very large
part of the heat, he introduced rock-salt
lenses and prisms into the apparatus. Eock
salt is very difficult to get in large homo-
geneous pieces, and is very inconvenient to
handle, but it was the only substance suit
able, and so had to, be used.
THE, BOLOMETEB.
Next it was necessary to geat a more del
icate apparatus for measuring slight
changes of temperature, so Prof. Langley
invented the "bolometer," or "heat meas
urer," a very small and simple instrument,
which has nevertheless accomplished won
ders. It consists of tnbe, at the back of
which are a great number of strips of plat
inum wire, through which a current of elec
tricity is make to travel. It is a law that
if the temperature of an electric conductor
is raised, its resistance to the passage of the
current is increased, and so for every vari
ation in the temperature of the platinum
strips, on which the moon's radiation is al
lowed to fall, there is a corresponding vari
ation in the strength of the electric current,
and it then only remains to measure the
strength of the current This is accom
plishedby a very delicate instrument called
the galvanometer, the instrument used here
for these measures being one of the best in
tbe world. The whole apparatus is so deli
cate that a person's hand, held at some dis
tance from the bolometer, will give a large
indication of heat Investigations of this
sort upon the moon, and, for comparison,
upon terrestrial bodies, such as vessels filled
with warm water, ice, etc., have been made
for several years past, and the results are to
be published in full in the fourth volume of
the publications of the United States Acad
emy of Sciences. The practical good to be
derived from these studies is abetter knowl
edge of the laws of radiation and absorption
by our atmosphere, and are of great import
ance to the science of meteorology.
LIGHT AND COLOB.
Last year an elaborate investigation was
made of the relative illuminating and heat
ing effects of light of different colors, and
the results published in pamphlet form. In
vestigations were also made as to the time it
took lor an observer to notice the appear
ance of a faint light and indicate the fact
by pressing an electrio key. Eor a very faint
light the time required was half a second,
and for a moderately bright light about a
quarter of a second.
The library of the observatory occupies
parts of several rooms, and is constantly
growing by the addition of current publica
tions. Complete files, extending oyer many
years, are kept of the publications of ob
servatories and of scientific magazines, and
are very valuable.
The Observatory stands in a field of about
ten acres, part of which will soon be used
for, the new buildings of the Western Uni
versity, and the scientific sanctity of the
place will some day be disturbed by tbe
baseball and other sports of the -students of
that worthy institution of learning, but it is
to be hoped that it will bear the innovation
with philosophic resignation, and will not
have its sphere of usefulness in any way di
minished 13. V. L. ,
A COAL LAND CROESUS.
Peculiar Chnrncterlstica of an Immensely
Elch Penntjlvanlan.
Philadelphia Inqulrer.
Nobody knows exactly how much Eckley
Brinton Coxe is worth. The family of
which he is now the recognized head owns
many thousands of acres of coal lands in
Luzerne and Carbon counties. Erom these
they receive enormous sums in royalties,
the firm of which the ex-Senator is the head
being one of its principal lessees. Despite his
enormous wealth, Mr. Coxa's habits are sim
ple. At his home in Drifton, he wears the
plainest clothing and rides oftenest on a
mountain buckboard. In the. summer time
he throws off coat and vest and gives his
suspenders a long rest, substituting a plain
leather belt therefor. He wears colored
shirts with a collar attached, but scorns the
use of a necktie. Gloves he couldn't be in
duced to wear.
He climbs to the top of his highest break
ers and descends to the lowest depths of his
numerous mines, coming out as black and
dusky as any laborer in his employ. All
this is fun for him, in his capacity of min
ing engineer. When he wants some real,
light amusement he generally goes to his
library and revels in the poetical creations
of tbe higher mathematicians. At the age
of 19 he made a translation of the great
German Wiesbach's mathematics, which is
still used as a text book in the English and
American polytechnical schools. He is a
graduate ot a half dozen colleges and uni
versities, and converses fluently in English,
German, Erench and Italian.
A SWEET SNUFF-TAKER.
A Xovely Woman Who Tnkcs Vile Tobacco
in Her Delicate Nostrils.
New York gun.
A young and well-dressed woman, who
was a passenger on a Brooklyn Bridge train
yesterday morning, was seen to take a pack
age of snuff from her pocket and dispose of
a good-sized pinch. She did it daintily, but
made no attempt to conceal it, and returned
the horrified stare of her fellow "passengers-
with tbe calmest and most innocent face
imaginable. She was not particularly
pretty, but she looked intelligent and well
bred."
It is not sounus6al to see very old men
indulge in this obsolete custom nowadays,
but such a signt as this was rare indeed.
She was not a foreigner, either, as was clear
when she spoke to a child who accompanied
her. -.
Bard to Suit.
Pinny Poole (chalking his cue) Did yer
get that place in the downtown store, Ally?
Ally Bounder Naw.
Pinny Poole What's the matter? Didn't
yer have references?
Ally Bounder I had nine of 'em from
places I've worked at in the last two years,
V the 6ld bloke-w'asn't satisfied. He'
wouldn't be satisfied with nothin', he
.wouldn't. Bust 'em, Pinny. Puck,1 -
'Jf 5
mstkTCK
APRIL 2J, 1889.
EAST AND WEST.
A' Tale of a Century Ago.
WBITTEN FOB THE DISPATCH
STZ "E"D"WAJRX EVERETT HALE,
SYNOPSIBIQF PRECEDING CHAPTERS.
Tbe story opens In old Salem 100 years ago
with an account of a slelgbrlde party and
datace to which the heroine, Sarah Parrls, is es
corted by Harry Curwen, who was somewhat
'of a spoiled darling. Sarah, who Is an orphan
living with her uncle and aunt, determines to
join a party of settlers going to Ohio. When
the news becomes known Harry Curwen offers
his heart and hand to Sarah, but is told that he
must first show that he has been of some ser-
'vice to his country. Harry Cnrwen, after some
difficulty, secures an interview with General
Washington, and is accepted as a volunteer on
General Knox's staff. He is sent West on
business, and without knowing it passes the
party with whtoh bis sweetheart was traveling.
The latter is thrown into the river from a cap
sized boat, and swims ashore at an Indlam
camp.
CHAPTER VI.
And now we must turn to Mr. Harry
Curwen. In the enterprise in which he
found himself, pushing down the Mbnon
gahela first, and then the Ohio, he had no
formal commission in the United States
army. He had distinctly told Washington
and Knox that he was not seeking an ap
pointment, and though he was entrusted
with responsibilities really important, he
was acting with the freedom of ft volunteer.
He held a commission in Massachusetts as
a lieutenant in the militia, and had higher
rank as an aide to the local brigadier who
directed the musters' and enrollments in
the militia organization. Knox had
entrusted to him this business of the
pack-saddles, and had given to him des
patches for General Harmar; and it re
mained for the young man to make or find
for himself his position when he should
have reported to that officer, and had seen
for himself what was known as "The Legion
of the West." Knox had placed under his
command a dozen or more recruits for the
Second Begiment, whom he wanted to hurry
forward'. And at Carlisle, in Pennsylvania,
the young man had fallen in with an Aus
trian gentleman, the Count Zapoly, who
was going'West with a romantic idea of
seeing the wilderness and joining in war at
the same time if he might be so happy.
The 'country, for ten years, was receiving
such people from Europe stimulated by the
attractive stories of Lafayette, Bochambeau,
St Simon and the rest of the officers of the
auxiliary contingent of the Bevolution.
This particular count had thrown up his
own commission in the Erench army, in
disgust at some of the reforms, so called,
just introduced by the ministry. Eor Harry
Curwen, he was an amusing, not to say an
agreeable companion. He was not above "a
certain condescension" in addressing people
who had not seen Europe; few natives of
that continent were or are. But he was a
gentleman, he was curious and intelligent,
and could talk of something beside the
rations and the oars.
"I shall not be difficult, my friend," he
said to Curwen-on, the first day. "Give me,
all the days, an omlet and a little of soup,
and I shall be very content"
Harry was obliged to tell him that he had
named the two articles of food whieh could
not be -prepared in America.
As for the men the crew, as Harry was
always calling them, in his Salem way
they were but a poor set. The Government
paid but little, the probable service was
hard. In these days we should have called
the recruiting officer an agent of the Society
for Discharged Convicts, so many gentry of
doubtful reputation had he enlisted.
Uncle Sam could not be a chooser. He
had to take what he conld get. And Harry
found himself in company with a motley
set of soldiers, so called, from every country
and every State, who had enlisted, some
for a love of adventure, some to get away
from their wives, some to escape the sheriff,
and others from no motive at all which
could be denned. At this moment they
had not even been formed into an awkward
squad.
Among them was a tall, delicate looking
young Virginian, to whom Harry took a
fancy from the first moment when he met
the sergeant who had this party in charge.
He made a chance to speak to the boy, who
was shy and lonely, and drew from him
without difficulty his whole story. 'He' had
come from a lonely home near Eort Cumber
land. Years ago, when he was not more
than 12 years old, in a raid of Indians across
the mountains, they had carried off his
sister. The boy, boylike, had even then
tracked the party of marauders in the child
ish hope of rescuing her. And now that he
had shot up to the height which gave him
the right to go about among men, he had en
listed in the army in the hope, of finding
her. It was clear enough to Harry, who was
endowed with the preternatural wisdom of
three and twenty, that the boy
had no other requisite for a soldier's
life than the five feet nine inches
without which he could not have passed the
recruiting sergeant unless, indeed, indom
itable will were to be counted as a requisite.
Of that the good lad had abundance. He
was simple in manners very shy, as has
been said and avoided as a woman might
do the rough play and jokes of the reckless
men arouud him. Indeed, in the lonely
log cabin life of a single family, he had not
learned all the English which came into the
pojyglut language of the boat, and one of
the many trials which the sensitive fellow
had to meet from hour to hour came from
his own utter inability to understand the
chaff which was thrown at him, the requests
which were addressed to him, or even the
commands of his superiors.
The bbat in which this voyage was made
differed entirely from the arks of the set
tlers. General Harmar, or some other offi
cer in high command, had said that a barge
for the use of Eort Harmar or Fort Wash
ington would be needed, and six or eight
good shipbuilders had been enlisted, nom
inally, as "artificers," but with the under
standing that they might ask for their dis
charge whenever they chose, after they ar
rived at the forts. These men were quite
the superiors of the rest in bearing and in
education. But as navigators, they had to
do an extra turn of duty as the vovage went
on, because half the men hardly knew the
difference between one end of an par and
the other. In truth the barge, so called,
was much too large for any such service as
was proposed at the torts. She was
rather a "galley," as the language
of the time had it. As the
men always slept on shore, she was not an
uncomfortable vessel for the enterprise they
had in hand. Amidships, as the builders
chose to say, a considerable space was taken
(for the stores of the party, and for the all
important pack saddles. Eore and aft of
mis space were seats lor rowers, wno, wnu
very heavy oars or sweeps, could hasten the
vessel whenever the flow of the current was
not considered sufficient for the purpose It
was not long before the boat builders, who
were all from New England ports,, and
rowed a boat as well as they built itr had
trained the 6oldiers, as they were called by
courtesy; to handle the heavy sweeps.
Harry Curwen saw that the boy Clenden
in was not strong enough for this work, and
managed, on one excuse or another, to call
him off. Eventually he attached him to his
I person, and the boy discharged the thousand
".
duties of an officer's servant Curwen made
a log like that which would have been used
in one of the Salem Easf India voyages,and
he made a pretense of keeping a journal lot
the rapidity with which the boat sailed, us
ing this log as the basis of his observations.
This he had put into Phil Clendenin's
charge, and the easy work of throwing the
log, and making the notes of the rapidity
of their voyage, relieved the boy from
further duty.
It was clear enough, whenever they
stopped at night, that he was grateful for
the "Yankee's" oversight, and was eager to
repay it, with a sort of gentleness or good
breeding which had interested Harry Irom
the first. Harry always would find that his
bed was made ready, that the stumps were
carefully cut out or the crooked snags
dragged out which would else have broken
his back in his night's turnings,or branches)
would have been brought by Clendenin's
care, with which the bed should be made.
As they sat at the fire one night, Curwen
pressed the boy for old stories of frontier
life In a more confiding mood than usual,
the young Virginian cave some idea of the
way in which he was brought up, and he
told a story of what happened in his very
earliest recollections One cold night they
were all awakened by the barking of the
dogs outside their little cabin. "I was 5
years old," said Clendenin. "I should
never have thought of it again but for what
followed. My father got up in his shirt,
pushed open the door to see why the dogs
barked, and in an instant fell back on the
ground. A bullet had struck him in the
breast the moment the door was opened. My
W
AN EABLX OHIO"
mother, who was close behind, rnshedot the
door and bolted it, and was only just in
time I can tell you, Mr. Curwen, the bolts
are strong in those cabins, and. if the cabin
will stand.the door will stand. This was
just what the door had been built for.
"The redskins did not mean to be kept out
by bolts, and, little boy as I was, I knew
what they were doing when they began to
hack at the door with their tomahawks. It
is queer, sirfbut the thing I remember is a
great bit of wood breaking out and hitting
me on the head, and seeing the axe come
through. Then the hole grew bigger and
bigger, and more axes came through; then
my. mother told me to get under the bed,
which I did not do. But she stood in the
corner, with father's axe, waiting till the
first Indian stuck his arms through the hole,
and then his head. The minute his head
came in she hit him hard' with the back of
the axe twice, and I can see the blood run
down on the floor now, Mr. Curwen. He
had got so far in that he hung, sir, in the
hole, and she was soall-fired wild that she
pulled him in. We had not had a chance
to cry out before another of the critters
poked his head in in the same way. She
waited a minute longer this time, till half his
body was in, and she hit him in just the
same way, on the back of the head. Then
there came a third, and then there came a
fourth, and my mother dragged them all
back and laid them out in the corner. Then
the critters, outside began to guess what had
happened, and no more came in at the door.
They were gone so long that she nailed her
bread board oyer the hole; but then she
heard a noise on top of the cabin. My
mother knew what it was, bnt she did not
dare go near the chimney for fear of the
door, so she threw her kife to me, and told
me to cut open the feather bedand throw the
feathers into the fire. I do not think I was
in the least frightened; I was wide awake,
you may be sure, and threw the feathers into
the fire. And I was just in time; two of
them came pitching down the great wooden
chimney smothered by the smoke, and fell
into the open coals. By this time my
father had come to, and got on his feet.
He found his gun, which she had not had
time to handle, he blew out the brains of
one of them, and she finished the other with
the axe. My father said afterward that
another man tried to get in, but he got as
good as he sent, and went away howling.
They tell this story all np and down the
valley now, and one of these copperhead
redskin blackguards said afterward, when
he came into .Cumberland to trade, "Things
was bad; the white squaws fought worse
than the long knives."
Curwen did not wonder that a boy who
could tell such stories as this bad in his
blood the elements of a scout or Indian
hunter, and after he had heard this story be
did not so much wonder that he did not
succeed in impressing upon Glendenin the
sentiments of humanity with regard to the
redskins, which he" had brought with him
from his Eastern home
Which such help as the long oars and
stout arms of the recruits gave, with the oc
casional good luck oi heavy rains swelling
the current of the river, the boat made as
fast progress as anyone ought to have ex
pected. Master Harry Curwen, who was
eager to show the woman he loved that he
had found a place in the world and was re
spected by other people, thought that the
boat did not go fast enough. Arid particu
larly, when, by the vagaries of the current,
he found himself sailing directly east when
his heart was rushing west, he" quarrelled
with fortune as young men will. But, what
with an occasional extra glass of grog, which
he took. the responsibility of serving out to
the crew, and what with making the days as
long as he and the sergeant dared, the boat
made the shortest trip, as it proved, which
had yet been made, and arrived safely at
Eort Harmar. AVhen the last day came,
the young man dressed himself in his uni
form as on officer of the Massachusetts
militia, assumed such military aspect as he
could, and reported to General Harmar.
To say the truth, he was a little disap-
Eointed when he cameto see the fort. He
ad seen Eort Pitt as he passed it, but had
supposed that that was an exception to what
he was to find westward. The word fort
gave him associations of what he had read
of Marlborough's campaigns and df Fred
erick, and he was a Utile disappointed when
he found that the deiences most to be relied
upon were the stout wooden posts, "which,
were erected "just like a pale lence," as he
wrote home to one of his Salem friends; only
JL
iflfInfM.&L-$L 'l2ffii
-
with the pales ten feet high and the logs of
which they were made a foot or 'two in
diameter. Within, however, was a parade
properly enough arranged, and, as it hap
pened, a company of men were at dress
parade when tne boat arrived. They, were
also duly challenged by the sentry, and
other military forms were gone through, as
if they had been an invading army and the
garrison a garrison of some thousands of
men. The boy liked Harmar, who was
quick and to the point, received him as a
gentleman, and at once put him in the care
of an officer, who found him a room in the
barracks and did his best to make him feel
at home. With the military business that
passed between the lad and the old soldier
we need not now interfere. The matter
most op his heart is on ours. And we may
say at once that so soon as in decency he
could, he asked for a boat and was carried a
little way np the Muskingum river to the
landing on the opposite shore of the colony,
which already had been named Marietta.
The streets of the little village had been
laid out by the surveyors, and there was
every aspect of quite a considerable be
ginning on the matter which they1 had in
hand a beginning, but everywhere a be
ginning. Nothing was finished; the roads
were not finished, the fences were not
finished, the houses were not finished. He
had the "Campus Martins" pointed out to
him, and with a grim smile, by the old
'Yankee who'led him up from the landing to
the villaee When he was fairly on the
-first street Eirst street it was already
called it was easy to find General Pntnam,
who was directing the whole as an old baton
might direct his vassals.
General Putnam knew the lad; they had
met more than once at the May meetings of
the Essex militia and at fall parades, and
he was delighted to give his hand to the son
f an old companion in arms.
But when, as soon as he thought it would
do, Curwen broached the subject next his
heart,he had the most unsatisfactory answer.
The Titcombs had not come, General Put
nam did not even know that they were com
ing. He had to switch off into a long side
inquiry as to what Titcombs they could pos
siby be, or was the young man sure that
they were not Whitcombs? There were
some Newbury people in the colony, but
they were out with the survey
ors on that particular morning. Gen-
INDIAN CAMP PIBE.
eral Putnam could not think who there was
who could know anything about the Whit
combs, as he insisted upon calling the party
from the very first In short, Harry Curwen
had rushed his boat with unwonted speed,
had finished his business in half an tour,
instead of giving it a day or two, had
dressed himself in his best and come over at
once to visit Sarah Parris, and it was as if
he had come out in a dream on the top of a
mountain when he had been expected to be
in the cabin of a yacht there was no Sarah
Parris here;, there were no Titcombs here;
nobody knew that they were coming, and
nobody believed that they would come.
CHAPTER VIL
SABAH PABBI3 TO nUIDAH 'WHITMAN.
"I was the wettest girl you ever did see!
Tifdeed, I did not know anyone could be so
wet And, as we dragged ourselves along
the beach and over the trunks of fallen
trees, it seemed to me as though I should
have done better if I were drowned. But
poor little Mary was crying bitterly, and it
seemed to do me good to have to keep her
alive. And in a minute more I saw smoke,
and I took it for granted that all was well.
I never once thought that the Indians could
make such good fires as the white people,
though for a day or two we had been on the
lookout for Shawnees."
In truth, the one terror of the expedition,
especially of the women of the expedition,
had been that they might fall into the hands
of some roving Shawnees, who would prefer
tbe present plunder of such a party to any
advantage, real or potential, which might
belong to such treaty obligations as bound
them to the Great Father at New York. The
Great Father, as he then existed, was hardly
three years old, and any prospect of his
strength or power to redress injury did not
mnch effect the average Shawnee con
science. Bnt, as it happened in this case,
an Sarah soon found, there was no occasion
for alarm. The men of the party were away
hunting, and the dirty, smoke-begrimed
squaws and children who met them seemed
at first as much afraid as she was.
She had,native pluck enough to make the
best of the situation. She dragged the cry
ing child across the beach up to the fire and
said to her, "You will soon be dry," as if
she had built the fire herself; and then,
with a cheerful smile, offered her hand
frankly to the only woman of the party
who rose from the ground to meet her. "She
remembered at the moment that the Shaw
nee squaw would not be likely to speak
English, and was wondering for a moment
what she should say; when the other, good
naturedly enoughj but without smiling",
gave a hand to the child, lifted her where
she could rest upon the cottonwood log
against which the fire was burning, and
said, "Wet wet cold, wet Warm more
by-by, bv-by warm more; cold, weU-cold,
wet."
Sarah was amused and surprised that the
responsibility of the conversation was thus
taken from her. She assented to these sim
ple propositions, chiefly by repeating the
words of the other, in different inflections and
varied order, somewhat as she would do in
saying a lesson in a Erench primer; and she
adapted herself to the occasion by taking off
some of her outer clothing and of that of
the little girl, and proceedinsr to wring the
water out from them as well as might be.
In this act, sufficiently necessary, the other
joined her, Sarah laughing already, and
her hostess qniet and grave.
"But, really, my dear Aunt," Sarah
wrote to Mrs. Whitman, "from that time
she and I were very good friends. I remem
ber thinking that if they were going to
roast me alive, it wonld be good to get dry
and warm as it began. But the young
woman was so good-natured in her deeds,
though she was so glum iu her looks, that I
was not afraid two minutes after it began."
The other women looked on, quiet as three
or four sphinxes might have been. But,
gradually, as the three worked over petti
coats and shawls and stockings, and brought
them into tolerable condition, hag number
one, hag number two, and hag number three
took more and more interest in the process,
and at last little Mary Titcomb found that
she had conquered ber terrors, and was not
above wondering what would come out of
the broken iron pot, which formed a sort of
centre piece in .the fire, and from, which
clouds of steam came up iu puffs as' the
women kept the fire up with driftwood,
j , As the loos twilight advanced, one sad
WL ATTPb W - V
; ELGES 17 TO 20. -f .
'
3
another dive into the pot, made by hag num-
ber two with a long fork of cherry wood;
seemed to-show that affaira were advancing"
toward a solution of the girl's wonder. -Sarah
made one or two efforts at conversar ,
tion with the younger girl, who had givear
to them such welcome as they had. But
any reader of these lines who, after the full '
Erench course of the "New Padua Female)
Seminary," has found out.say in Normandy,
how little the average French peasant un
derstands of the French language, will read- .
ily believe that the two young women did '
not obtain much mutual information.,.'
.Whether the Shawnee women had any boat .
or canoe by which oaran ana ner companion
could cross to the western shore, she could,
not find out Where they were going them
telves she could not find out nor why
they were there together on the island, with- '
no "men folks" visible. Sarah had never- r ,
heard that invaluable counsel, "The dumb
man's borders still increase." But she was
forced to fall back on the great truth hiddea
in it, whether she would or no. She and ;'
alary, however, naa all tne more conversa
tion because the communion with the In
dian girl was so unsatisfactory. Mary con
suited her as to the propriety of their eat--ing,
or perhaps drinking, the provision in.
the pot
"My dear child," said Sarah, ','ii they ask
us, we had certainly better take what they
will give, 'asking no questions for con
science's sake" I am snre that dear Dr.
Bentley would tell us that this was good
sense and good Scripture. I am not so
doubtful about eating, for I had but littlet
dinner, as I am about what we shall eat
with. But we are as well off as Adam and.
Eve were"
And this matter was soon tested. Has;
number two announced by sundry "ughs,"
and more definitely by lifting the pot from,
the coals, that she was satisfied with her
studies of the contents. Hags number one
and number three then rose from the sand
where they had been crouching, and, at a
call from them', three or four children ap
peared, who had kept away before The
three hags' and the interpreter produced
such articles of table furniture as were as
hand or were thought necessary. These
were, first a long bit of bark which was
laid on the sand of the upper part of the
beach, and supported with stones that ic
might not roll. To Sarah's surprise and re
lief two or three little bowls of cracked
earthen ware, two or three half gourds and
three small wooden trenchers appeared. A
trencher was given to Mary and a half
gourd to Sarah, who kept it from rolling by
sticks and little shells from the ground. The
old pot was then set on the stones just
above it A rude earthen pot
appeared in the hands of hag number one,
and this was set upon the bark. Then ha
number two, with a long gourd from which
one large slice had been cut, so that it made
an excellent dipper, ladeled out the contents
of the iron pot into the earthen one She
uttered several grunts, probably of approval,
though of this let no one speak certainly.
Certain discussion in the Shawnee tongue
followed, of which there is no record in any
earthly archives. But it was clear enough
that none of the party were dissatisfied.
Sarah suspected already, what proved to be
true, that the basis oi their meal would be
boiled hominy.
So soon as the mixture had a little
cooled, hag number two practically an
nounced that condition of things to the
others by plunging deep with a large shovel
made from an elk horn into the mass at the
bottom and bringing up two or three loads
of the more solid substances. As Sarah had
guessed, tbe principal material waa pounded
corn, and the boiling had made a tolerable
hominy. But this was interspersed-with
the joints of two or three squirrels which,
had been added.
As soon as hag number two had discovered
that all wascoolenough,sheladeledoutfrom,
pot No. 2 a mass of the whole compound,')1
and distributed it in the several gourds andL
platters. Then, and not till then, did hagr
number three prouuee; several-wooueaano.'
hornr spoons of various shapes ana sizes and
distribute them. Mary was beside herself "
with eagerness to begin, and was relieved
from a certain fear which she had had thatj
she could not take the hominy in her
fingers. There was no semblance on the'
part of any one of waiting for a proper
moment to begin. As soon as the hag filled
a eourd its possessor for the moment begarr.'
to empty it Poor little Mary followed an, m
example so excellent she Durnea ner1
mouth a little at first, bat this experiment' '
gave her caution. "Is there no salt, dear
auntie," she said after a minnte. "None,
I'm afraid, this side the Kentucky licks," '
said Sarah, laughing. "We must thank
God for hominy and eat it without soltr"
"But here are big pepper-corns, auntie, if
they only tastedjlike pepper." No, they
only simulated pepper in shape They
were dried berries, which had been puffed
out by the hot water. In truth, they had i
lost most of any flavor which they had had ,-3
in ineurying.
The quirrels had been cut or torn to pieces!
before they were put in the pot, and Mary
had no difficulty in managing them with,
her fingers, expressing to her so-called aunt
her wonder as to what hermotherwould say
if she saw such defiance of the decorous
nW TinTiit ftf T!pt ennntv. Tfr Kppmpri . !$
however, that something more was expected
at the feast than these elements provided.
This something more appeared, after the
various joints of the squirrels had beea
selected by one and another of the party,
when two of the hags, diving again in the
first pot with a fork made of wood, brought
out a fish which Sarah recognized as &
small catfish, such as she had herself more
than once cooked since they had been on
the river. In a moment more another was
brought forth from the same depths. There
was little talk of the methods of carving.
So soon as the fish were cool enough to eat
a smart blow from a little hatchet divided "al
each of them into two pieces, and the four J
halves thus created were torn to pieces) by iJB
the ready angers or tne aarsier-coioreu mem
ber of the company. In the distribution,
however, arah Parris and her younger 9
friend were not neglected, and large flake3 '
Ul tUG 11311 WCfC U3S111CU W bllCUl.
Before the feast was all over, even the
long summer twilight was over also, and it
ing fire gave. Very little was said as it f
went on. Whether what was said was ap
probation of the cooks or severe criticism,
oaraa coma not guess, so jjossiuuicss was
the tone of the speakers. But when all was
over, the various dishes and eourds were
taken by one and another to the river and
roughly washed, and then piled all together,
upon driftwood, well up from the beach. "B
The English-speakinc woman, if so she
may be called, who had a vocabulary or
perhaps 20 words ot English, then resumed
her care of the two waifs who had been
Ann. mnSin 4f.n all... Qh. noAlAnM lfn
UUUt, UpVU HUG OUUlt.. MUK HVU.WUVU I'ltllJ H
and led Sarah to a sort of fent, roughly, V
tnnfTft nftvan TinflHiTn mhv atrfllrhw? nnnn IX
branches of cottonwood, which our friends
had not seen before, hidden as it was by a
growth of willow trees. Two such tents
bad been stretched together there, and, un
der the shelter of that to which they were'
led, Mary-and Sarah lay down not unwill;!
ingly, finding that they were in the hands:
of so good a friend. The friend discovered
another buffalo robe, sadly worn and not of ,
the sweetest smell, wnicn sue inrew over,
them after they lay down, still in the same
nnsympathetic manner which she had
shown before.
"If she had been going to cat our
throats," wrote Sarah to her aunt,' after
wards, "she could not have been more meU;
nneholv abont it Bnt for me. I wa?, so-
tired that I thanked her heartily, hoping
she understood a word I said, and before.
you could say 'Jack lioDinson Z war
asleep and so was Mary."
CHAPTER VHX
AT MABrETTA.
The two girls slept the sleep of the right?;
eons, with the advantage which the righU
eons do not always have, that one of. them
was but 20 years old and the -other was
hardly 13. It was with a' struggle .thai
Sarah roBsed'henelf. to WBKWwmeesJ lath
1
KM