u-..
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THE PITTSBURG ' DISPATCH, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1889.
A WORTHY EXAMPLE,
Stern Agrees to Allow Spald
ing Earle's Sendees.
POINTER TO LEAGUE CLUBS.
Local Athletes Making Arrange
ments for a Busy Season.
HOOSIEES STILL IN THE ELNG.
President Bash Secures the Franchise
oftheOldClnb.
ARRANGING ANOTHER RACE.
MEWS ABOUT ALL BRANCHES OF SPOBT
It may safely be said now that the pro
gramme arranged by President Spalding to
play his two Australian teams in various
parts of the United States, will be carried
out. Cincinnati at the first asking has con
' sented to allow Earle, the already famous
little catcher, to remain with Mr. Spalding
until April 20, under conditions that will
certainly be granted. This generosity on the
part of President Stern is worthy of note, and
tends to show that there is not that feeling of
animosity existing between the League and
Association that many people imagine. The
example set by Cincinnati ought really to
prompt other clubs, particularly those in the
Ijeague, to do likewise. The worthy action of
President Stern only bears out the hope ex
pressed on the matter in another part of this
paper, written before the following special
from Cincinnati was received by The Dis
patch last evening:
"Walter Spalding has written to President
Stem asking that Earle be allowed to play with
the tourists until the 20th of April. A letter
was forwarded to Mr. Spalding to-night to the
effect that Cincinnati appreciates the many
favors Chicago has done for the club, and not
withstanding the pecuniary loss to be suffered
by Earle's absence during the spring series
here, the young catcher will be cheerfully al
lowed to make the trip throughout the States
with the Australians, pronding bis salary,
which commences April 1, be paid by the Chi
casos to the 20th or as long as his services are
needed.
"Of course there will be no cabling now to
European ports ordering Earle to report as
soon as he lands. The Beds have ordered
2adjy uniforms similar to those worn by the
Giants last season. In addition to the black
uniforms the Reds will wear a new white uni
form with nobby jackets. Their stockings will
be red."
JUST AS EXPECTED.
Manager Davis Intends to Have the Cham
pion Pedestrians Here.
Negotiations are now going on for a six-day
go-as-you-please pedestrian contest in this
city. The event is being promoted by Harry
Davis, of the London Theater. The idea is to
have the race stralcht-away for a week. Yes
terday a letter was received from George D.
.Noremac regarding the matter. He said
that uch men as Albert, Herty, Cartwright,
Moore, Guerrero. Golden and more than 20
others can be secured if the race takes place
during the last week in March.
Mr. Davis has almost concluded to have the
great race in the week named. Big prizes will be
offered and an entrance fee of probably $23 each
will be required. If the rac takes place it will
be held in the Grand Central Rink, and as the
track is about 15 laps to the mile the contest
will be a great one. Albert has not gone to
'Frisco to start in Hall's race, as the latter has
failed to put up the 11,000 guarantee money
promised. Albert was to have the amount
named before starting West, and all bis ex
penses paid, but at the last moment Frank
Hall refused to give the money until Albert
was in 'Frisco. However, it is highly probable
that the race in this city will take place.
Manager Davis is also trying to arrange a
female race, to take place in the London
Theater during the week of Washington's
Birthday. The idea is to make the race one of
72 hours, open to the world. If this plan is not
carried out there will be a thrce-davs' race for
local contestants. Several professional female
pedestrians in the East want to start in any
race promoted by Mr. Davis.
A PEISON PLOT.
" Continued from First J'age.
ARRA GIKG .DATES.
Association Magnates Meet nt Philadelphia
to Fix Exhibition Guinea.
Philadelphia, February 2. There was an
important conference in this city to-day. There
were present President A J. Reach and Man
ager Harry Wright, of the Philadelphia club;
Secretary W. H. Whitaker and Manager Will
iam Sharsig, of the Athletic club, and Presi
dent Charles H. Byrne, of the Brooklyn club.
The objectof the meeting was to arrange dates
for exhibition games between the three clnbs
represented and the Boston and New York
clubs. The Philadelphia club refused to clTe
the Athletics permission to play the New
Yorks in this city. Manager Sharsig said he
would play two games in New York u Brook
lyn gave permission.
"I shall interpose no objection," said Presi
dent Byrne. After a long dlscnssion it was
agreed that the Athletics should play in Boston
on April 9 and 10. and that Boston should play
here on April 16, and possibly on April 1L
til the watchman came to wake in the morn
ing. If the rope had been on the wall, Fan
ning said, they would have had ample time
to escape before the alarm was given. Con
tinning, Fanning said:
I walked back to Maharneke's private room
one day and saw McPhillamy hand him some
thing. It was a quick act and the doctor
snatched np the dictionary and handed it to
McPhillamy. The blood rushed to the faces of
both and they were very much confused.
McPhillamy now took the witness, and
Fanning said on cross examination:
I saw McPhlllany give Fox, the night nurse,
two silver dollars, the night wo tried to escape.
Milk is drank by nurses and water poured in
to fill the gap. I saw brandy and whisky drank
by the nurses and water poured in instead. I
saw Fox give Crusan water when It was pro
hibited by the prison physician, and it killed
Mm.
Chairman McCutcheon then asked the
witness questions suggested by Mr..Reid,
eliciting the following reply from Fanning:
I saw McPhillamy give Frank Otfenboch
IV at different times. McPhillamy had a
Brooklyn is to play Philadelphia in this city on
April 9. and possiblv on April 10. and the Phila-
delphias are to play iu Brooklyn on April 12
April 9. and possibly on April 10, and the Phila-
and 16. President Reach wants to arrance a
series of five games with the Athletics, but
Manager Sharsig refused to play more than
three games. They are to be played on April
6,8 and 13, the first game being played on the
Athletic grounds. .
O'CONNOR ACCEPTS THE DEFT.
Indianapolis Secures the Surrendered Fran
chine of the Old CInb.
rSrxCtAL TiLEGRAM TO TUE PISFATCH.1
Washixgtos, Febrnary 2. By a unani
mous vote of the League, the Indianapolis
club, recently organized under the directions
of Mr. Brush, has has been elected as the suc
cessor of the defnnct Indianapolis Association
that recently surrendered its franchise. The
He "Will Row Searle, the Australian, After
He Defeats Gandnur.
rerrciJLL telegram to tux dispatch.!
New York, February 2. To-day the follow
ing communication was received at the -Police
Gazelle office from William O'Connor, the
champion oarsman, in reply to the offer of H.
E. Searle, the Australian, to row O'Connor for
$5,000 and the single scull championship of the
worid:
San Feancisco, Febrnary 2.
Richard K. Fox:
Dear Sir: In reply to the letter you received
from H. E. Searle. of Svdnev. N. 8. W.. in
which he states that he won the championship
of the world on the Paramatta river, and if
any oarsmen desires to win the title that they
will have to row him over that course, stato that
if I should succeed in defeating Jake Gaudaur
on March 3, in a race arranged a few days ago
for $2,000 a side, the foltce Gazelle challenge
enp and the single scull championship of
America, I shall leave here for Sydney, and
meet the champion of the world for S2.500 or
$5,000 a side.elther on the Nepean or Paramatta
final vote was received at League headquar- I rivers. By the letter you received, which was
ters late this afternoon, and President Younc published here. I see there is no prospect of
i ii i . . . . f ttit rnmntf inr rna Ann mninnenm rhA mnsiri
promutlv issued a bulletin annnnnrini-thx &r.
tion of the League, and also declaring that the
new club accepts the services of all The players
of the late Indianapolis club held in reserve by
the League.
This action was brought about in this way:
For various reasons the League desired to
maintain a club at Indianapolis, and Mr.
Brush set to work to get together some new
strength upon which to lease a League club.
Messrs. Dickson and Talbott, well-known
men, also put in a bid for the franchise. These
two propositions were fully set forth in a cir
cular letter and mailed to the various members
of the League, with a request to indicate
their choice by telegraph. Several responses
were received yesterday, but all the returns
did not arrive here until to-dav. The follow
ing is the text of President Young's official
bulletin on the subject:
League Headquakters.
February 2. 18S9.
Sir The Indianapolis ball clnb, of Indian
apolis, Ind., has been unanimously elected a
member of the National League of professional
baseball clubs, to fill the vacancy cau-ed by the
surrender to the League of the franchise of the
Indianapolis Baseball Association. The services
oi an piayers under contract with, or reserved
by the Indianapolis Baseball Association for
the season of 1SS9. have been accepted by the
Indianapolis Baseball Club.
N. E. YotWG, Secretary,
my rowing for the championship of tho world.
Forward George Lee. who is training me, the
rowed John Teemer for, and which I consider
my property until I am defeated.
William O'Connor.
PASTORS AND RACING.
An Authority Asks a Few Questions That
Are Interesting.
Why is it a meritorious act for a minister to
enter pigs, poultry, fat cattle or draft horses
at a fair and win prizes with them, and a very
wicked act for him to breed, raise, develop and
enter a fast horse in the speed department of
the same fair and win with him? To
the average mind there does cot appear
to be any moral wrong in developing the
iioblest of the animal creation, and when he
has been educated to use to the best advantage
the qualities which nature gave him, it surely
cannot be wrong to exhibit bis great speed
powers to the public Sheep are bred for the
wool or the mutton, and the winning test is
the manufacturing quality of the former and
the tenderness of the latter. The various
breeds of cattle which contend for supremacy
are judged upon their merits as milk or meat
producers. The light harness horse, being
built for amusement and speed, can only be
adequately judged in the speed nnc
If it is wrong for the pastor of a church to
ener his colt in a stake. It is equally wrong for
him to enter his ram, boar or bull. Competi
tion in business is recognized as a necessity.
In reply to that statement we shall be told that
horse-racing Is not a necessity. That is per
fectly true. It is equally true that the use of
jewelry and a thousand and one things which
are indulged in by the purest people In the land
are not necessary. These remarks are called
forth by the fact that the Rev. J. C. Smith, a
Congregational minister of Otis. Mass.. has
recently been censnred for training, trotting
and driving horses in the New England Circuit
He has roused the ire of these good but fanat
ical people who imagine they see in a race
course the vestibule of hades. Horseman.
Will Rednce His Stables.
Mr. Philip Dwyer talks very seriously of ma
terially reducing the size of his stable. It will
be done gradually, and this year he will not be
a heavy buyer of jearlings. "What I want," be
said to me, "is to cut my stable down to about
15 or 20 good horses. That number would give
an owner all he wants to take care of. Thereis
so much racine now that if one enters his ani
mals in the stakes he piles up against himself a
list of forfeits that is simply enormous, and
one which eats up about a quarter of bis
profits. If it was possible to do so I would only
buy developed horses and let yearlings alone
altogether. But the trouble is that 2-year-olds
are liable to get Into the hands of gentlemen
who will not sell, like Mr. Belmont,Mr. Cassatt,
Mr. Galway, Senator Hearst and others, who
can afford te refuse any offer, so that I can't
clearly see the way to keeping np a really first
class stable without buying vearlings and run
ning the risk of their turning out well." JV. y.
oponsman.
Want to Join the Leacue.
There is another good candidate for member
ship in the Allegheny County League. The
Soho Reds is the latest applicant, and the ap
plication means that the league has some good
teams to begin on. Manager Hobin, of the
Reds, stated last night that his team wish
to join the County League, and that applica
tion for membership has been made. The
pitchers of the team are Harry Butler and
Jerry Duugherty. Tom Delehanty is the left
fielder, and he has been invited to join pro
fessional ranks. The Reds have been organ
ized for several seasons, and have done excel
lent work against the best amateur teams in
Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio.
They Won't All Go Weal.
Manager Phillips stated yesterday that be
does not intend to take all the signed players
on the Western exhibition trip. The expense
of doing so will be too great, and the time
afforded for practice each dav would be too
short Probably Maul and Coleman will be
left behind, because Mr. Phillips very pointedly
said Miller and Carroll may alternate in left
neia. xne piayers leit Denina will De required
iu excrete eacn
Will go West
mone
roll of $400 or $500. When we hid in the cellar.
alter attempting to escape, McPhillamy said:
"That d d Dutchman has deceived me."
Cruelty to Convicts.
McPhillamy again took Finning in hand,
and be made the additional statement that
follows:
I saw cotton put in Dutch Henry's mouth to
keep him from hollowing. Dr. Maharaeke
put It in. He had applied the electric battery
to Henry just before that, daubing it on bis
bead and face and even into his mouth. No.
1750 was suffering from paralysis and was
brought to the hospital. Dr. Maharaeke
came in, saying there was nothing the mat
ter with him, bent the man's legs clear
up to his back and wanted to put on the
battery. They haven't used the battery so
much since a piece was published in one of the
papers about it
"Warden Wright now asked if that was all
the evidence McPhillamy had to offer on
behalf of the charge of aiding and abetting
to escape. McPhillamy said it was about
all. It was now past midnight and the
"Warden suggested the prosecution close
and the defense begin.
For McPhillamy, George I. Eeid made
a vigorous objection. He maintained Mc
Phiflamy's charges included the acceptance
of various bribes. H one count of the charge
conld not be found perhaps another could.
Anyhow, a man should not be acquitted or con
victed on one count of an Indictment until the
other counts had been tried. Then the defend
ant might be convicted or acquitted on one
count or all the counts coutainedin the charge.
Warden Wright denied that anv charge had
been made except that of aiding the attempt to
escape.
Mr. Reid appealed to Secretory J. K. Reed,
who had no record of just what the specific
charge was. Mr. Reid then suggested that If
the warden would not admit the charges first
made included general corruotlon and cruelty,
that McPhillamy be permitted to amend bis
charge to include both general corruption and
cruelty. He offered, as evidence for MpPhtll.
amy in the general charge, the testimony of
Mr. E. D. C. Mair, a member oi the Visiting
tjuuiuiibbee ui me otate coara oi unarmes, tne
sworn statement of Thomas Noonan, a free
man, and said if it was necessary be could pro
duce a man who paid Dr. Maharaeke money
before he could obtain delicacies sent in by
friends. That man. he enntinupd waa liimpf
W. Miller.
Of Extradition Fame.
Warden Wright had said the prisoner. Num
ber 6,816, in the affidavit of Noonan, was James
"W. Miller, of Canadian extradition fame. Mr.
Reid added he bad gone to see Miller. He was
reluctant and expressed a desire to keep aloof
from the entire matter. Finally, however, he
agreed that if the charge conld be proven in no
other way he would appear and testify. He
said Miller's course was known to all present
during the past two years; how he had fought
down his old reputation and was fast building
an honorable name for himself. He had sent a
message requesting Miller to come to Morn's
drugstore, at Wood's Run. at 7:20 o'clock i nr
without specifyingfor what purpose. Doubtless
Mr. Miller was waiting there yet, Mr. Reid
then went to the telephone, but the arug
store's occupants had gone to sleep, and Cen
tral's "hallos" had failed to raise them.
Chairman McCuctbeon then permitted Mc
Phillamy to amend his charge so as to include
the general chirge of cruelty and receiving
money from sick men.
Warden Wright held that the first count of
the charge ought to be cleared up. Adjourn
ment was suggested by Mr. Reid, who said the
board could hear the remainder of the evidence
McPhillamy had to offer the next day or tho
next week. He appealed to the inspectors,
whom, he said, he knew were anxious to do
their full dUtV. tO not Permit thn itefnnutn
begin until the prosecution had closed. He had
pointed ont further evidence that would be
offered, and they owed it to themselves to
hear It.
About this time Inspector Slagle told Mr.
Reed he seemed to be a great friend of Mr. Mc
PhiUamy's. Mr. Reed replied: "I never saw him before
last Friday, when I met him in this prison in
the presence of Inspector Reed and Warden
Wright I never have received a communica
tion from him, nor have I sent him one. 1 have
never been charged with a crime nor tried for
one," adding laughingly, "Can you ay as
much. Mr. Slagle?"
That gentleman lautrhed. too. and cam hoV.-,
nothing to say.
of the State Board of Charities with regard to
making charges?" '
"At our monthly meetings," was the reply,
"we discussed the various institutions and all
the officers. When I found out about the ir
regularity of money I mentioned it to the la
dies of the committee, and the clrcumstances.I
have described they are cognizant of. There
was a discharged prisoner, I imagine half in
sane, who came to me saying that during a
Earoxysm of his insanity be had rocelved such
lows as had left their marks upon his person.
I have thought that possibly it might be noth
ing but the wanderings of his poor, unsettled
brain, but he insisted that it was so and begged
me to appoint some one to examine him. I
didn't do it, but that's what the boy said."
Upon being cross-examined by Dr. Mahar
neknistn th "whnn and where" of certain
things. Mrs. Mair replied, gently, that he conld
find all In her testimony, which bad been taken
down by the Secretary.
Noonan's Affidavit.
Noonan's affidavit was now offered and ac
cepted in evidence. It follows:
West Penn Hospital, )
Pittsburg, Pa., January 31, 1887. j
Thomas Noonan makes the following sworn
statement with regard to Dr. B. B. Maharaeke:
"I was sentenced in November or December,
18S4, to three years and six months in the
Riverside Penitentiary for burglary, from
Pittsburg. I was in the prison about one year
before X was sent to tho hospital to. be treated
for facial neuralgia. I was Dr. Maharneke's
personal attendant When not his body ser
vant I acted as nurse.
"Jackson Sullivan told mehepaid Maharneke
for the position of Assistant Hospital Steward.
In the' fall of 1886 Sullivan became alarmed be
cause of Maharneke's recklessness in furnish
inz prisoners whisky at 1 a pint, and informed
the Warden of the fact One of Maharneke's
practices was to confiscate to his own use deli
cacies left by friends of prisoners in the hos
pital. Warden Wright was finally compelled
to measure all alcohol and whisky for the
hospital and store it in a vault in the rotunda.
"In 1886 prisoner No. 6816 was lying between
life and death with typhoid fever. He had
reached a critical stage when nourishing food
was an absolute necessity to recovery. A
chicken was sent in by a friend through Mrs.
Wright who gave it to Maharneke and told
him to give It to No. 6816. I saw No. 6816 bor
row money from Jackson Sullivan to pay Ma
harneke. No. 6816 told me at the time that
Maharneke was bleeding him right along.
"1 have put up many packages of medicine
for Maharneke to carry to people on the out
side. When friends visited him he was lavish
with liquors. Lemons which were al
lowed prisoners the doctor would con
fiscate and have them made Into
pies for his own use. Just after Haley was
pardoned, Maharneke Indulged in a debauch
of drinking and eating. I knew many of his
secrets and Maharneke now made an attempt
to get rid of me. While suffering from the
effects of this debauch he accused me of
poisoning him. Dr. Rankin analyzed Maharn
eke's vomit, and proved the falsity of his
charge.
Maharneke's Brntnlltv.
"Maharneke's brutality to those prisoners
who offended him was utterly heartless. John
Smith, a prisoner,, committed to the hospital
for treatment, was denied proper food and
medicines until almost dead. I did not dare to
say anything against Maharneke, because the
warden would not listen to complaints against
him.
"If the drug bills of the Western Penitentiary
for the past five years are Investigated, I am
certain a systematic fraud would be unearthed.
i. nave Helped juanarneke to mix as
much as two quarts of perfume at a time for
Thomas Noonan,"
his personal use. He did this very often,
Attest:
Georoe L Reed,
Sworn to and subscribed before me this 31st
day of January, IBS.
J. B. Nobbs, Alderman.
It was now almost 2 o'clock Saturday morn
ing and it was decided to postpone further con
sideration of the charges until another meet
ing. Warden Wright has to go to Harrisburg
next week and matters are in such shape that
the inspectors can not decide on the date of the
next meeting until the Warden's return. They
desire to resume the investigation at the ear
liest possible moment and probe the entire
matter to the bottom. It is not likely matters
will remain in their present shape longer than
next Friday, on which occurs the regular
monthly meeting of the board.
Warden Wright stated beforeltho meeting
ended that if Mrs. Mair produces a single re
ceipt of Maharneke's for monev, and it is shown
by the books of the penitentiary that he did
not turn it over, be would discbarge Mahar
neke at nnr.n. He wnnlri nnt. nt-nml.A tn An th.
same if the payment was found by James W.
Miller's sworn testimony, backed up by the
affidavits of Jackson Sullivan and Thomas
Noonan, and the evidence of Mrs. Mair, al
ready given.
Mr. Reid says, however, that certain of the
inspectors have told him if one of the charges
is proven, the charge above, for instance, by
testimony, that Maharneke would go whether
or not with the warden's consent
At 130 o'clock In the morning the warden's
carriage was called to convey the ladies borne,
while the other inspectors and Mr. Reed left
in Mr. McCutcheon's carriage shortly before 2
o clock.
Tho Cnnse of the Invcstlcntlon.
George L Reid states for publication that he
first became connected with the matter in a
newspaper capacity, but afterward at the so
licitation of people he will not name, he de
cided to assist in prosecuting the case to a
close, desiring, with others, that it Dr. Mahar
neke is innocent, he shall be acquitted, and if
gumy. conviciea ana punisaea.
d rumors of the chanre
much each month until you have your money.
If you don't like this I don't care. The In-,
spectors will believe me rather than you.'
"The Warden came to McPhillamy and said:
Tell me all about this affair and I will get you
your money.'
'This was before the doctor absolutely re
fused to pay, and McPhillamy wanted to give
bim a chance and refused to tell the facts.
McPhillamy has since told all to the Warden.
"If a prisoner is sent to the hospital he most
pay Dr. Maharneke or suffer neglect and ill
treatment We would plead that this man,
who devours us, be removed. -The sick are
harassed for money, and men led into traps
which will sooner or later result in some one
being killed or into a place where they shall
murder some one else."
After the above communication had been
laced in bis bands Mr. Reid went on Wednes
ay to James R. Reed, the Market street jew
eler, who Is a member and Secretary of the
Board of Prison Inspectors. He communicated
to the Secretary all the information he had
bearing on the matter, and then
said that , as a newspaper man he
desired Inspector Reed to gain him admission
to McPhillamy and such others as he might de
sire to interview, promising not to print any
thing until there was other evidence to sup
port McPhillamy's story. Mr. Reed would not
give an Imniedia'e answer, but at 4 o'clock tele
phoned that he was ready to go down to the
penitentiary. He accordingly accompanied
the newspaper man to Riverside, where they
did not undergo the formality of passing the
Warden, but entered at the upper gate through
the wall.
Warden Wright Anxlons to In vest lea te.
Warden Wright was apprised of the contra
band communication accusing him of trying to
cover the matter np. After he read it he was
exceedingly anxious to do all In his power to
sift the matter.
James McPhillamy was accordingly brought
up into the rotunda, an immensely large room
noted for its vastness. McPhillamy is a man
about SO, with bluish gray eyes.1ong, drooping
reddish mustache, and a very handsome, open
face.' He is above the average in height and
powerfully built In response to questions
from Warden Wright; Inspector Reed and Mr.
Reid. he told substantially the same story that
he swore to at the inspectors' meeting Friday
night
Considerably over an honr was spent in his
re-examination, and then John Robinson was
brought out He said among other things that
McPhillamy had been taxen to the hospital to
be bled. "Frank Offenbach and McPhillamy
were continually shaking dice and betting on
baseball. Offenbach got money right along
from McPhillamy, said Robinson. Offen
bach was playing both ends against the middle
on McPhillamy, and I told McPhillamy he was
foolish to give up his money. I always
had an idea that Jim was trying
to get away, and that Dr. Maharneke
was helping him, from the way he treated Mc
Phillamy, and whispered conversations be
tween them. Maharneke wanted me to move
into the same room with McPhillamy, but I did
not want to be connected with the job."
The rest of Robinson's statement is substan
tially that sworn to before the inspectors.
The time was consumed until 8 o'clock in
taking testimony, without even a cessation for
supper, and then the Inspectors and Mr. Reid
left, after the latter had promised not to print
anvthlnc: the next dav.
On Thursday afternoon Mr. Reid went down
to the prison again and Warden Wright kindly
volunteered to call in any other prisoners
whom he might wish to examine. This was
not deemed necessary at the time. There was
a long talk with the warden over the contents
of Thomas Noonan's sworn statement, and the
warden produced figures to prove that the
story of the sale of liquor to prisoners was
false. A statement was also obtained at
this time from Dr. B. B. Maharneke,
in which he denied all the charges in
toto. Before the Interview closed Warden
Wright informed Mr.'Reid that if publication
was deferred until after Friday night, he would
pledge the inspectors' permission to bim to be
present This was the first time such a thing
had ever occurred permitting a newspaper
man to sit with the Board. An understanding
to this effect was then arrived at
Warden Wright exnresed hjs belief that all
the charges against Dr. Maharneke were un
true and so did Inspector Reed.
thrown to a prisoner who put his handkerchief
over it After concealing the money he care
lessly picked up the handkerchief and wiped
his nose with It I do not take much stock In
this story.
"It is impossible to keep money away from
the prisoners. They will get it by some hook
or crook, and while with other prisoners will
put in their stolen idle moments gambling. It
Is impossible to stop the gambling habit under
the present prison rules. The only way to pre
vent it is by putting the prisoners in solitary
conunement '
"I will not believe that Maharneke is gull
until the positive evidence is produced.
Mrs. Mair can produce the receipt which she
alleges Maharneke gave to a well-known ex
convict, and the Warden finds that it is Mahar
neke's signature on it, then there will be no
hope for him. If he is discharged from his
position I do not know what we will do with
him."
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
s
HIS HEAD WILL 60 OFF.
Inspector Trimble Say That If Mabnrnelte
la Proven Gallty He 'Will be Decapitated
In Remarkably Short Order.
Mr. "W. F. Trimble, who is a. member of
the Board of Prison Inspectors, was seen
at his home on Vermont street, Allegheny,
last evening, and asked for his opinion in
regard to the matter. He said:
"I have no opinion to express until I hear
both sides of the story. To my mind
it is only a question of veracity, and the
board will have to find out who is lying
about it Dr. Maharneke has dented the
charges, although not under oath. When he is
put on oatn he certainly will swear that he is
not guilty. One good point in his favor is that
he asked for the official investigation. If he
was guilty he certainly would not be the first to
want the case investigated. The prisoner who
has given his testimony against Maharneke,
has nothing to lose, while Maharneke has ev
erything be owns in the world to lose. When
Maharneke swears that he did not accent thn
money there will be a fine point where to draw
the line and determine who is lying. If Mrs.
Mair can produce the receipt she claims to
have had In her pa session, then I think that
will settle it and Maharneke must get out We
will chip his head off quicker than it could be
done with a meat ax if be is guiltv.
"In case Dr. Maharneke is found guilty of
accepting a bribe, aiding prisoners to escape,
and discharged, will he be prosecuted for try
ing to effect tbo escape?"
"I do not know what will be done If he is dis
charged. I suppose any citizen could make an
information against him and have him tried
for the offense. I have not heard any expres
sions of opinion from theothermembers of the
board on this point To sum up the whole situa
tion, Maharneke is innocent until he is proven
guilty. I do not know when the other side will
be heard. We did not adjourn the meeting
this morning until 2 o'clock, and we were then
so tired out that we conldn't hear Dr. Mahar
neke's version of the affair."
Itoitj Knows fo Law."
is
KEECH
KEECH
DSM'MROOl!
THE DOCTOR'S HI8T0EI.
iday. Probably about 15 Players
A PROMISING CLUB.
Oakland Athletes Expect to Have a Great
Organization.
he Oakland Athletic Club is proving a suc
cess. The rooms are located near the power
bouse at Oakland, and the organization has
only existed three months. It is well estab
lished now, however. The gymnasium, under
the charge of Prof. Wolf, of the Central Turn
ers, gives instructive lessons twice a week. A
boys' class has been organized and has a mem
bership of 10 scholars.
The club has been endeavoring to obtain the
lease of that part of the Schenly estate, on
Fifth avenue, lying next to the Bellefleld
scboolbouse, and, if successful, intends erect
ing anignt-iuoi. jence ana use the grounds
for athletic purposes during the summer. As
the Oakland baseball team are members of the
club, some excellent sport may be anticipated.
The Cnpinin la batlified.
, Captain Sam Brown, the popular horseman
of this city, is well satisfied 'with the weights
for the Suburban and Brooklyn handicaps.
However, while the Captain considers the
opinions of the handicapper fair, be thinks De
faulter -might have been better in. The
Captain said:
"Defaulter at 112 pounds Is a little high in
the Suburban, especially-wben Bella B, George
Oyster and Connemara are down for less
weight He only has four pounds better than
Badge. And there Is Haggin's Falcon, which
won the St Louis Dfrby, iBjin at 101 pounds,
also Champagne Charlie. But on the whole I
am well pleased with the way my horses have
ribecn treated."
Cobbed n Jockey.
Louisville, February Z Judge Thompson
held to-day Ben Ross, Charles Bell and George
RIchardson'in the sum of $300 each for robbing
John Stoval, the jockey. The latter was shoot
ing craps with the men the other evening,
when they grabbed, choked and relieved him
of a sum of money.
Delehanty I Willing.
Tom Delehanty called at this office last eve
ning and said that he is willing to box or fight
Ed Barry. "I cannot find a stake, however,"
said Delehanty, "but I will fight Barry under
any rules for a purse. I am ready to fight on a
day's notice."
Willing to Run Shebnn.
David Shafer. of Bellairc, has signified his
willingness to run David Shehan, of Pittsburg,
a 100-yard foot race for 200 a side. Race to take
place at Wheeling and to be run under Shef
field rules.
On the Thirteenth Page.
Owing to an extraordinary pressure on the
space at command by late news the weekly
sporting review and other sporting news ap
pears this morning on the thirteenth page.
, A Hlsh-Pricrd Trainer.
Considerable comment has arisen in trotting
circles on the recent offer of a salary of SS,
!000 cash per annum to the expert trainer, driver
land rider William E. Weeks to go to Paris and
Imanage a stable of Americaa trotting horses.
, "Weeks has had a vast experience with horses
sinre he graduated from the stable of William
fH. Van Cott of this city, where he was book-
Keeper ana cenerai manager for several years
and 1 therefore, a capable business man!
.These qualifications, taken with hi imi..
Iinanly style, render his service worth 000 a
year, which is more, in fact, than is earned by
the average college-bred professional man.
WUM 9 fM. w m. , Mv; vU. ytcBiuenw
Sporting Notes.
The skaters were out in force yesterday.
W. J. B. Your communication is held over
for lack of space.
Additional sporting news will be found on
the thirteenth page.
The Dispatch has been right all along on
the Indianapolis matter.
Jack Asbton has challenged Joe Lannon to
a fight for 2,500 a side.
Greek George has put up a forfeit to
wrestle any man in America mixed styles.
Ed. Nikirk states that be is willing to run
John McNally 125 yards for a reasonable stake.
Fbt. the local ball player, has already regret
ted signing with the St Joe Club. He doesn't
want to go sc far from borne.
Jakes Carroll has deposited $50 forfeit
with the Boston Globe to back a challenge to
JackAshtonto fight Wannop under London
rules for any part of 1,000 a side.
Milton louKO is authority for a dispatch
sent out from Lexington that be had bought
Pontiac f or $6,000. He has already advertised
him to make the season at McGrathiKia,
B. N. Bentos and Patsev Sheppard publish
a card offering to match Frank Murphy, the
feather-weight champion of Great Britain, In
another light with John Griffin, of Braintree,
for 1,000 or SL500 a side, the fight to be with
small gloves to a finish.
Mrs. SInIr Called.
It was decided by. the board to go on with Mc
Phillamy's side of the case. After submitting it
to Chairman McCutcheon,Mr. Reed handed the
following to McPhillamy: "Demand that Mrs.
Mair be called, and request the Chair to let me
examine her for yju."
The request was granted. After a few ques
tions leading up to the matter, Mr. Reed asked
Mrs. Mair to go and tell the story in her own
way. The lady had not known when she was
summoned that she was to testify, and was
amazed when called to the stand and sworn.
With great reluctance Mrs. Mair said:
"Previous to the illness of No. 6816, 1 had been
permitted to bring little delicacies for those
nigh unto death. About this time it was for
bidden by the officials. I brought a stewed
chicken in a glass jar. I gave It to Dr. Ma
harneke in the hospital. I think I was in the
hall just at the head of the stairs, and I asked
would he kindly to give it to No 6316 because I
thought be needed it I learned afterward, to
my great surprise, that the prisoner bad paid
for the chicken, and that whatever delicacies
he had he bought Subsequently I re
ceived two receipts, jne for $5 and
the other I have forgotten the amount of.
I learned this from the prisoner himself and
from others in the hospital, and from those who
were af terward discharged, and fully believed
it Because I sent in $10 in a letter to the chap
lain, asking that it might be used in anyway
that would benefit prisoner 6816.
"Since that time whenever I have heard, as I
hava occasionally done, of Dr. Maharneke pro
viding such articles from his own purse for the
patients in the hospital I have doubted it"
"What has been Dr. Maharneke's personal
conduct in his position of hospital steward so
far as you have seen?" asked Mr. Reid.
"I have been in the hospital very often," re
plied Mrs. Mair. "When I do I am in the sit
ting room and in the kitchen, where I always
take my dinner, and also in the ward upstairs.
The doctor and I have been good friends, but,
gentlemen, I feel compelled to acknowledge
my convictions that personally he is unsulted
for the position he occupies. The death rate
in the hospital shows skillful medical treat
ment It is scrupulously neat and clean, but
if Dr. Maharneke acknowledged just now in
your presence that he was unable to keep his
temper, yon may be very sure he doesn't keep
it there. I hope he will pardon me if I say that
I have to listen to deeper oaths from his lips
In that building than I have almost ever beard
elsewhere, and my 11 years' experience In tem
perance work has caused me to listen to ter
rible profanity.
Prayers nnd Profanity Mingle.
"When Jimmy Elliott lay dead in his coffin in
the room set apart for such purposes, the
nurses with myself gathered around the coffin
and I offered up possibly a three minutes'
prayer. The doors were all open, and John
Smith, a hemorrhage patient who was then
quite comfortable, was 'left alone. Possibly It
was contrary to orders, but when Dr. Mahar
neke came in there was a burst of wrath such
as I had never heard before. He discharged
the nurse on the spot for leaving Smith. It
was only after I had plead long and earnestly
that he consented to retain him.
"Some few months ago the Warden gave or
ders that I was to have free access to and un
interrupted opportunity to hold whatever re
ligious conversation and prayer I desired with
time there has been a
K
A $10,000 Salt for Damages.
A $10,000 suit for damages was entered
against the -Pennsylvania Company yester
day by Thomas Maley for injuries received
by being struck bv a shifting entrineon
.cinx street, last uciodct.
patients, since which
marked improvement
"Gentlemen. I am ashamed to acknowledge
that I had such fear lest the privilige, which
was so dear to me, of doing any evangelistic
work with those sick men, might be taken
away from me, that I have submitted all these
months. I have seen that hospital in perfect
quiet, and then there would be a quick succes
sion of oaths, like a cyclone."
Here Warden Wright offered the report of
Mrs. Mair and the other members of the visit
ing committee of the State Board of Charities
for 1887. It commended the prison generally
and made no complaints.
The ladies were censured somewhat for not
doing their entire duty by reporting the matter
of profanity, on Dr. Maharneke's part, and
any other such things as came to their notice.
Mr. Reid then asked Mrs. Mair, "Did things
ever reacn sncha diss In that hosnltii that vnn
consulted with others of the visiting committee
Mr. Reid first heari
against Dr. Maharneke of aiding in the at
tempted escape over two Weeks ago. He asked
for further information, and on last Friday a
week ago he received a contraband com
munication indirectly. That is, the communi
cation was sent to another person, who placed
paper man, he have it published. The com
munication was as follows:
"Sandy" is trying to cover the matter up and
save Maharneke. "Sandy" tried to put It on
an innocent officer, who was not In position to
give any aid.
The plan originated with the doct or, and
was as follows:
'The doctor agreed with McPhillamy that
for 250 he would place McPhillamv in a nosi.
tion and aid him to escape. McPhillamy pave
the doctor 510 before he left the 'block.' This
amount took him to the hospital. McPhillamy
had rheumatism in fact, but bad been treated
in the 'block' for it, and this treatment was
continued in the hospital, so that Dr. Rankin
would not suspect After being in the hospital
a few days, McPhillamy had to pay Dr. Mahar
neke S25 more. McPhillamy then asked for
full details of the plan, and this was the doc
tor's plot: McPhillamy was to take in the night
nurse, Jack Fanning, as he could not well act
without his knowledge. The doctor was to get
a key which unlocks the door on the outside of
the wall leading into the tower and onto
the wall. He was to fix it so he could
come up on the appointed night
and throw a line over the railing running alonsr
the top of the wall, leaving both ends hanging
down inide within reach of the escaping con
victs, who were to use this for drawing their
rope ladder up. Then the lightest in weight
was to ascend and fasten tho ladder. Tho
doctor was also to purchase two suits o cloth
ing, two revolvers of large caliber and plenty
of ammunition, all of which was to be left on
the stairway coming off the wall. Dr
Maharneke was also to put Jack Fanning in a
room other than the .reEular sleeping room, so
that undisturbed, Fanning could make the
rope ladder.
More Mojjfcy Pnld. "
"After this was all talked over (the conversa
tion took place in the doctor's private room)j
the doctor asked for and received 1C0 in cash
as an evidence of good faith, with this proviso,
that if the doctor failed to do his part the
money was to be returned. The doctor said:
Jim, J. am awful hard up. Now, if
you are sent to tne "mock," I will
have you back In threc days sure.'
The hospital became crowded and Mc
Phillamy was ordered to the 'blocV but the
doctor appealed to the Warden and Mc
Phillamy was allowed to stay. Then every
thing was pushed to get ready. Fanning was
instructed and put into the separate room
where in two weeks time he manufactured a
rope ladder, which was hidden In the bedtick
in the night time. About December 12, 1888
the doctor called them together and said: '1
have got the key and everything is O. K.' He
had tried the key and said: 'Get ready and go
Sunday night; go sometime near morning just
after you see me on the wall. It was agreed,
2.'?.tlled2cJ,-'r, was Palcl t200 """. making
36oin all, KCo for himself, and 100 for cloth
tag and revolvers, the residue of which was to
be left in the pockets of the clothes.
"Acting on the doctor's instructions, on Sun
day night they had everything ready, and com
menced to dig the hole out through the bath
room in the third story front They bad at the
last moment to take Frank Shay into it, as the
lob could not be accomplished without his
nuuwieuxc lueygoitne hole ail readv and
THE WABDEN SPEAKS.
Captain Wright Says the Testimony Is One
Sided as Vet One Charge of Bri
bery Old Enough to be
Outlawed, In His
Opinion.
"Warden "Wright was seen last night by a
staff" representative of this paper in regard
to the above, and promptly declined to talk
on the subject. He finally admitted that
the investigation had beeu held and con
tinued until 2 o'clock in the morning. Con
tinuing, he explained as follows:
Mr. George A. .Kelly was absent, but all the
other members were present, Mr. McCutcheon
presiding and Mr. Reed, acting, as Secretary.
McPhillamy, Fanning and a lady were wit
nesses, and they were sworn by the President
of the,Board of Inspectors. Under an act of
1887 a convict's oath is legal. Jhe person who
claimed to have a receipt from Dc Maharneke
ror delicacies inrnisnea While he was in the
hospital, did not produce it If the doctor ac
cepted the money as a bribe, and this can be
proven, his head will go off in a minute, meta
phorically speaking. I do not believe him
guilty, and if the receipt is produced. I will
want evidence that he wrote .it before taking
any action.
It is claimed that the receipt was given in
1889, and of course no charge of bribery can be
brought against bim, as it is outlawed. The
doctor, when he heard of the charges, prepared
a petition to the Board of Inspectors, asking
for a thorough investigation. That is evidence
that be is innocent, I think. The affidavit from
little Tommy, as we called him, that the doctor
furnished the men who attempted to escape
with revolvers, etc, is certainly incorrect as
not a revolver was found when they were de
tected. It was decided not to publish anything of the
investigation until it was completed, and I am
sorry that it will be published, as the rebuttal
evidence has not yet been brought out. If the
doctor is guilty of the crime charged, that is of
aiding prisoners to escape, he can be prose
cuted and sent to the prison for a long term of
years.
A man should not be condemned, thnni-h.
until he has been tried. The investigation
will be continued at the next meeting of the
board.
Slaharnelce'a Checkered Career Tho Hero
of Two Romantic Marriages.
Dr. B. B. Maharneke has had a very
romantic and somewhat checkered career.
He was born of a good family in Germany,
where he was in the army and read medi
cine, both before he was 21. He came to
America soon after attaining his majority
and drifted to Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1877,
where he put in part of his time reading
medicine at the State University. He says he
was living in high style at this time and had
plenty of money. It was here that he met a
lady who has since been known on the operatic
stage as Inez Sexton. She was from Grand
Rapids, and after a brief courtship Dr. Mahar
neke married lur. They did not live together
long. Soon after the separation Dr. Maharneke
came to Pittsburg. In this city he was charged
with and convicted of forgery, and he was sen
tenced to five years in the Riverside' Peniten
tiary. He made himself very useful in the
hospital, and at the expiration of his sentence
in the fall of 1885 the Board of Inspectors de
cided to recommend him for the position of.
hospital steward, to which Warden Wright
appointed bim. His first wife got a divorce
from Dr. Maharneke in San Francisco in 1885.
The particulars of his elopement and mar
riage last summer with Miss Faulkner, of Alle
gheny, are still remembered. It was on the eve
of the lady's intended marriage to an attache
of the New York World, and created a big
sensation at the time. Since their marriage
Dr. and Mrs. Maharneke have lived in a cozy
little home in the shadow of the prison walls,
apparently very happy.
fefe
flf
THE WEATHER
For Western Penn
sylvania and West
Virginia, generally
fair and warmer,
esterly winds.
Pittsbitro, February 2, 1889.
The United States Signal Service officer In
this city furnishes the following.
Tlir.
Meantemn 33
Maximum temp.... 36
Minimum temp 26
Itanee 10
Precipitation
Time. Ther.
7:00 A. Jf 30
100 A. X S3
IrOOr. M 33
4:00r. M 35
7 -COP. M 34
lOiWP. M
Trace.
Klver at 5 r. it.,
but 24 hoars.
..
6.6 rtwt. a fall of 0.S feet In the
waitedfor tho doctor's appearance on the wall,
ar ana tni
a pole, which the d
tie did not appear and :
to uacK out They
ey had cone too far
went out takinsr with them
OOtOr in!lstfrl- mnat ha -
, vi M ,JnaKe eneve in rastening the
ladder. They went out to the wall,
and a careful search failed to reveal
any rope. Cursing the treacherousdoctor, they
attempted to put the ladder up with the pole.
The pole broke. In the meantime a patient
called for the nlghtnurse. His cries awakened
the other men, wno gave an alarm. A vigor
ous search began, and capture soon followed.
"Now the reason McPhillamy tells this is that
Dr. Maharneke promised to pay back 100 if
be. the doctor, did not succeed in getting them
safely away. He paid the money on somo
household goods and is nnable to return It
The doctor, a short time ago, told McPhillamy
............. ,, , u am;U a nay ineuay
T19JHM anrf th. rfMt.. .... . .t-- j .-.'
failed again. '
He
Refused to Repay.
"Then he boldly said: I have nothing, and
the Warden dare not Injure me. I will pay so
INSPECTOR REED TALKS.
He Says Thnt Maharneke Was a Prison
Reform Experiment He Hopes the Doc
tor is Innocent If He Is Gallty 6am
mnry Punishment Will Follow.
J. B. Beed, of the firm of J. E. Reed &
Co., who is a member of the Board of In
spectors of the prison, was seen at his resi
dence last night and interrogated as to what
the probable outcome of the matter would
be. Mr. Reed was averse to saying anything
at all on the subject, and refused to
venture an opinion as to whether Dr. Mahar
nekerwould be found guilty or not He said
"I would not like to say anything about the
matter until we first determine whether the
farty charged is guilty or inn ceht One thing
can say for a certainty is, that if Dr. Ma
harneke is guilty his head will go off as soon as
we can perform the decamtation. If h i
innocent we will stick to hlin like wax, and he
will continue to be held in the same esteem we
hare always held him.
"We have heard but one side of the case and
have not fully heard that side yet There are
two sides to every Question, and iftprvmnit
Dr. Maharneke on oath he will have a different
story to tell, no doubt Dr. Maharneke was an
experiment He is the first convict we ever
took and placed in a position of trust and
responsibility. The reason we did this was to
show other convicts that we had their future
welfare at heart We wanted tbem to fully
understand that we would try to raise them up,
awaken their fallen manhood, and help tbem
lead honest and respectable lives. If Ma
harneke has betraved the trust we put in him.
it will not take us many minutes to ask him to
resign his position. We tried to make a man
of him. and my own opinion is that he did not
go hack on us.
"We will have the other side of the question
at the next meeting of the hoard. I think that
Dr. Maharneke will swear directly the opposite
to what bis accusers have said. If he docs
then it will be a bard question to determine
who I- telling the truth. If the facts bear out
xir. iiaiiarurie, nu we wink that personal
malice is at the bottom of it, then he need have
no fear of losing his position."
"HowiS it that the prisoners am allni tn
have mosey In their possession and thns tempt
the keepers to .accept a, bribe T Is this not
against the prison rules ?"
It certafnly is against the rules, and we
never allow a prisoner to have any money
about bim if we know it When the prisoners
were allowed to make extra money, which was
prior to the abolition of the shoe factory, and
when any money was given them it was left in
charge of the warden In the office. If a prison
er wanted any money to bn anything he
would give an order on the office and one of
keepers or officials would act as his agent In
having the order honored. The. money they
have in their possession is smuggled in bv
friends who visit them.
"Almost every day people come to my store
and ask for a permit to visit the prison and In
spect It In very nearly every case these people
want to see some friend who is incarcerated
and very of ten will smuggle the money to them.
When a person visits a prisoner vn ....
between them during the whole time the
visitor is present Very of ten money could be
smuggled to them. In the hearing last night
it was stated that money" was smuggled in and
Sons of Temperance Meeting.
The Sons of Temperance held an open
meeting in Allegheny last evening. Mr.
F. Reitzman delivered the address, taking
"The Triple Emblem, the Red, White and
Blue," as his subject. Good singing was
also one of the features.
Another Bin Oil Strike.
Reports from Coal Valley, Pa., say that a
big oil strike has been made at the Seek
man well, located a few miles from that
place, and thnt it is being kept quiet in or
der to allow those interested to secure territory.
BAD TEETH.
"Flouring mills are working destruction
upon the teeth of children by sifting out the
phosphates in wheat when making white
flour." Brooklyn Eagle.
PHOSPHATE HEALTH
Baking Powder restores to bread the phos
phates found In wheat and lost by milling.
Over 2,000 grocers in New York City sell it
THOS. C.JENKINS,
PITTSBURG, PA
Wholesale
fe3-su
Agent for W. Pa.,
e
e
t
tl.
THE OLDEST DRUGHQUSE IN THE CITY
ESTABLISHED IN 1835.
Wholesale and retail druggists and dealers in
proprietary medicines; also wholesale dealers
in pure liquors of all descriptions, both foreign
and domestic, embracing the finest French
brandies and wines, Irish and Scotch whiskies,
Guckenheimer, Gibson and Overbolt whiskies.
The choicest varieties of California wines, such
as port, sherry, burgundy, muscatel, zlnfandel,
angelica, tokay and claret all bottled by our
selves in full quarts and at the very lowest
prices, our aim being to give the public the
very purest article for the least monev, and re
commend them as the best for medicinal pnr
Soses. Price list will be mailed free to any ad
ress upon application.
NO MORE C. O. D'S.
Owing to the late decision of Judge Meharu,
of Mercer, Pa with reference to sending wines
or liquors of any kind C. O. D., we will have to
decline all C. O. D. orders in the future. All
orders for wines or liquors will bave to be ac
companied by the cash, P. O. order or draft
JOSEPH FLEMING & SON, '
lauccessor to Joseph Fleming),
DRUGGISTS, .
412 Market it, Pittsburg, Pa.
JaZr-TXMa
For his incoming, gigantic new spring stock,
the largest and handsomest ever brought to,
Pittsburg, and, in order to attain his end with
out fail or delay, he has resorted to a general
mark-down of his entire assortment of
FUENITUEE, . ,,
:- BEDS,
CAEPETS,
SILYEEWARE,
CUTLERY,
CLOTHING-,
CLOAKS,
STOYES, etc.
Nothing, no matter how desirable or ele
gant, has been reserved, and now you can
walk right into Keech's Palatial Jpenn avenue
Emporium any day this week and select any
thing tOfurnjsh or adorn your home, or to
clothe yourself or family, at away below the
usual prices. It would be impossible to spec-,
ify the thousands and one of rare and start
ling Bargains included in this sale, let it
suffice, therefore, to say that the prices will be
without a precedent or parallel. As an in
stance we mention $5,000 worth of Ladies
Plush Coats that will be sacrificed at 50c on
the dollar. Men of families and limited in
comes are most earnestly and urgently re
quested to attend and profit by this sale. As
is well known, Keech
Sells For Cash,
Or On Credit,
and this popular method of doing business
enables all, rich or poor, to take advantage of
this wonderful offering, and, don't forget that
Keech, unlike other Installment dealers,
doesn't charge extortionate prices for credit
ElBOH'S
llii 111 iiioi li Ontfltting Bazaar;1
923 and 925 Penn Ave.,
Above Ninth Street.
I
Open Every Saturday Until
IO P. M.
y
-tp
i.