14
WHEBEOILISFOMD.
The Economic Yalne and Civilizinc;
Influence of Petroleum.
THE QUALITT OF COLORADO OIL.
An Immense Productive District Within
the Arctic Circle.
THE EAELIEST SEARCHERS FOE GOLD
rwETTTEX FOE THE DISPATCH.
MOXG the various
earth resources
which have been
brought into gen.
eral use within the
lifetime of the pres
ent generation, per.
troleum holds the
first place in eco
nomic value and in
its influence on
civilization. It is
not too much to say
that it has brought lipht to almost every
household. To the United States it has
been of great economic value, lorthe reason
that it has given an increaeof our commer
cial products amounting in value to between
520,000,000 to 530,000,000 per annum,
in this respect ranking with anthracite
coal. It has also been a large clement
in our foreign trade. For awhile it seemed
that, as regards this substancej the United
States would encounter no considerable com
petition in the world's markets. It now ap
pears evident, however, that the marvelous
wells at Baku, on the shores of the Caspian,
will contend with us lor the trade beyond
our own frontiers. In 1887, 312,000,000
gallons were shipped from the Russian field,
amounting to about one-third ot the pro
duction in the United States. The produc
tion from the Caspian territory is increasing
by leaps and bounds. The flow from the
wells is so enormous that no storage can be
provided for it, and indeed, from one well it
is said that more than 1,000,000 barrels were
lost from the impossibility of constructing
reservoirs with sufficient rapidity to contain
it.
COLOEADO OIL.
The competition from this unexpected
source makes it a matter of importance to
ascertain how far our sources of American
supply are to continue. A few years ago it
was' supposed that all the profitable oil
fields ol this country were Known. As these
fields already began to show symptoms of
exhaustion, the question was as to the en
durance ot the source of profit. A recent
paper by Prof. J. S. dewberry, read before
the 2Cew York Academy ot "Sciences, was
printed in the Engineering and Mining
Journal. It describes the general conditions
of the oil field in the northwestern corner of
Colorado. The discovery was first made 20
years ago, but it is only within lour years
that the oil was found in paying quantities.
There are now about 40 wells; uone of them
yield oil in the large quantitv which is
afforded by certain Pennsylvania wells, but
they pourout from 20 to 100 barrels a day
irora each opening, and the yield now
am unts to about 1,000 barrels a da.
There are a number ot interesting facts
connected with this Colorado oil which de
serve the attention ot the reader. In the
first place the discovery is of much import
ance because the oil comes from the rocks of
the cretaceous age, a horizon which has not
previously yielded any considerable quan
titv ot jetroIeum. Within the valley of the
Mississippi all theoil has been derived from
rocks below the coal measures, and the pre
sumption has been that deposits as modern
as the cretaceous would not be likely to
yield any profitable quantities of this sub
stance. The quality of the oil is also peculiar in
the tact that it has an agreeable odor. The
process of refining is vpry easy, and the
residuum left alter the preparation of the
material for market is extremely rich in
parafine.
After setting forth the facts concerning
the Colorado oil fields, Prof. Uewberry dis
cusses the formation of pteroleum. He is
inclined to believe that it is in all cases due
to the decomposition ot vegetable matter
contained in the rocks where it is produced.
Concerning this view there is no general
concensus of opinion. The facts seem to me
to lead to the conclusion that any organic
matter, whether vegetable or animal, may
produce by its decomposition both oil and
natural gas.
COXTIXUOTJS PRODUCTION.
Prof. Xewberry inclines to the opinion
that there is a continuous process of pro
duction of this material in the rocks, the
ancient organic stores not having yet com
pletely undergone the processes ot decom
position which produce such oils. He uotes
the interesting tact that the oil wells at
Mecca, O., which at first yielded consider
able quantities of petroleum, were soon, as
it appeared, exhausted. Further observa
tions has shown that these wells can be
pumped for a few days each year, the quan
tity so obtained showing no marks of diminu
tion. He concludes from this evidence that
there is a process ot continuous production
going on within the rocks.
Another new field for the production of
coal oil seems likely to be developed in the
far north of this continent. A committee of
the Senate of Canada has recently made a
reort on the resources ot the area of Brit
ish America lying in the valley of the Mac
kenzie river. From this report it is ascer
tained that a large part of that valley, near
ly half of its aiea, indeed, gives promise of
producing petroleum in Urge quantities.
The general character of the geological
structure in that region is in favor ot the
conclusions attained by this commission.
Thus, although the matter has not been sub
mitted to the economic tests, it seems not
unlikely that in this vast area, far exceed
ing in extent the previously known petro
leum districts of Xorth America, we may
find a bource of supply of this valuable
material. It is true that a large part ot the
country is close to the Arctic ocean and in a
climate which precludes all hope of gain
ing access to'it within the present century;
but an area of 100,000 square miles or more
is south of the parallel ot C0, and an area
of 0,000 or more square miles lies within
GOO miles of the Cauadian Pacific Bail way.
That portion of it is likely to be made ac
cessible by railway communicatfons within
a lew years.
It seems not improbable that the contin
ued supremacy oi this continent, as a source
of petroleum supply, may be insured by
this great field. The limited area ot the
Baku district, if wc would apply to that re
gion the conclusions drawn lrom our Amer
ican ground, makes it probable that the sup
ply from the Caspian district will not prove
enduring. 2Co other important stores be
yond the limits of Xorth America have
been discovered. Within our own field it
seems likely that we have a store calculated
to last lor a century or more to come.
A-CUEIOUS THEORY.
In connection with these considerations
concerning petroleum, we may call attention
to a curious theory concerning its origin
which has recently been put forth by the
distinguished Russian chemist Meudeljeff.
His notion is that petroleum is produced by
water penetrating downward through the
earth's crust to the heated regions and there
uniting with the various combinations of
carbon and the several metals, especially
iron. In this reaction he conceives water
gives up its oxygen to the iron, the hydro
gen of the water combining with carbon
Jorming hydrocarbons, the gases ascending
toward the surface, where they condense in
the form of-petroleum. He deems his views
supported by the fact that he has succeeded
in producing an artificial petroleum by the
combination of decomposed water with car
bides of iron.
Although this is an interesting laboratory
experiment, it seems quite certain it throws
so lighten the production of ordinary pe
troleum, and this for the reason that we
never find this substance in rocks which
IIPW
have been much heated. It occurs normal
ly iu positions far removed from volcanic
activity and under circumstances which
clearly indicate that it is due to the decom
position of organic matter
The report on British America which we
have noted above with referenced the con
clusions concerning the extension of petro
leum has also much popular interest from
the facts which it affords concerning various
other resources beside petrolium which may
be of value to men who resort to these high
regions when the world becomes overcrowd
ed. It is interesting to note that there is
another source of light and heat in that hy
perborean region where both of these agents
are to be in such demand. The commission
asserts the existence of very extensive lignite
deposits extending throughout more than
half of the Mackenzie basin. Although
these lignites being but half baked coals are
poor substitutes for our high grade fuels,
there presence in this country, in which no
better subterranean fuels are known, is like
ly to prove of the utmost importance as re
gards the fitness of the area lor man's use.
They will afford both heat and light, and
with proper treatment, gas as well.
EXTENSION OF CCLTIVATION-.
It is perhaps with reference to the agri
cultural resources of this territory that the
report of the Canadian commission is of
most immediate importance. It is asserted
in the report and indicated on the maps
that the wheat belt extends to the parallel
of about 62 north, including the ter
ritory south of the Great Slave lake and
west to near the one hundred and thirtieth
meridian. They assert that barley will
ripen about as tar north as the Great Bear
lake, and that potatoes will develop nearly
up to the mouth of the Mackenzie river.
Although these statements are probably
as favorable as the observations will admit,
and may assert a greater adaptability of
this region to the use ot agriculture than
experience will bear out, there can be no
question of their importance as indicating
the extension of the tillable area of the con
tinent qver a field of several hundred thous
and square miles which has hitherto been
deemed unsuited to the use of civilized man.
The tacts appear to show that an area of not
less than 400,000 square miles, or, cay ten
times that ot Kentucky, has by this report
been added to onr reckoning as to the
habitable area of North America.
In a recent communication to the London
Economist, Ottamar Hauptgivesa computa
tion as to the total quantity of gold held by
the United States Treasury and the national
banks of the various European States. He
shows pretty conclusively that there has
been a notable increase in the quantitv of
this precious metal in these Government
stores during the past vear. The amount in
October, 1887, w-isestimated at5,961,000,000f,
and in October, 1888, 6,525,000,000f, or, say,
at present, lor the total store of gold in trie
Government treasuries about 1,000,000,000,
OOOf. Despite this great horde and the
strong positions given to the national cur
rencies thereby, the gold market seems in a
singular sensitive state. Whenever the
gold shipments set in from any country the
general markets at once exhibit indications
of fear on the part of the financiers. This
apprehension, though probably due to
various causes, doubtless in part represents
the apprehension lest the to'tal amount of
gold in any country be insufficient to main
tain the stability ot the currency. It is
satisfactory to note that at present the
United States Treasury; has more gold at its
command than is held in any other national
depository, the total in 1SS8 amounting to
l,726,000,000f.
LITTLE GOLD IX CANADA.
It would doubtless be in an immediate
sense very fortunate if new discoveries of
gold fields would serve to increase the sup
ply of the precious metal in somethiug like
the way in which the California finds ot 40
years ago enhanced the world's supply. It
is theiefore with some regret we note that
the Cauadian commission does not seem
very hopeiul as to the profitable nature of
the wide area of sands containing gold ly
ing on the western side of the Mackenzie
river. Many geologists were disposed to
look upon this field as a possible source of
extensive supply trom gravels, though the
washnigtfcould, of course, be carried on dur
ing only a part of the year. It appears now
that, until Central Africa comes to be bet
ter known, there is little chance of a new El
dorado comparable to that of California or
Australia.
It is evident that the search for gold
among the early peoples of Asia, and prob
bly among all primitive folk after they had
come to esteem the precious metal was ex
tremJy ardent- Thus, Mr G. Atwood, in a
recent paper published in the quarterlv
Journal of the Geological society, observes
that in the province of Mysore ot Southern
India natives in lornier centuries have
shown a curious skill in searching out every
possible deposit of gold over a very exten
sive area. Although he tested for gold at
several hundred points he never found it in
a single place where the old miners had not
left the marks of their work. They appear
to have won all that substance froin the al
luvial deposits, and to have searched all the
outcrops of quartz in their inquiry for the
metal.
The fact seems to be that Europe, Asia
and much of Africa have been thoroughly
scoured for this precious metal. With all
the modern search for new supplies, no new
profitable fields have been dcveloDed in
these areas. All the important modern supr
ply of gold has come from the Americas,
trom Australia, and in a measure from
Africa.
A HAZT THEOET.
In the correspondence column of Science
there has of late been much discussion as to
the nature of the curious haze which is
oiten seen in Alpine and other parts of the
old world. This haze, most distinct at
morning and evening, does not seem to be
cloud-like in its nature for it is evidently
not composed of watery vapor. It has been
suggested that it is smoke, but there are no
forest fires in that region such as yield the
abundant smoks olten found in this coun
try. M. Anloine d'Abbadie suggests in the
last number of Mature that such peculiar
haze abounds in many countries, and that
it has special names in Portuguese, in
Spanish, in the Basque language, in Ethio
pia, German and elsewhere. He notes the
interesting fact that the Ethiopians compare
it with smoke but regard it as distinct
from it.
M. d'Abbadie agrees with" Prof. Tyndall
that this curious haze commonly appears in
horizontal layers, oiten of a singular iorm.
He notes the fact that the Ethiopian schol
ars, in commenting on the tenth chapter of
Exodus, state that the darkness referred to
in the twenty-second verse was an intense
form of this haze, to which they give the
name dobar. They furthermore explain
that the "light enjoyed bv the children of
Israel" is lully borne out by the fact that
the dobar may sometimes be present iu one
place and absent in another. The learned
writer suggests that this Alpine haze is only
dry air, which, as is well known to astrono
mers, is less transparent than very moist air.
He apparently regards these hazy layers as
bands of air exceptionally free lrom witery
vapor. Last ol" all, he notes the interesting
fact that the natives of countries in which
the dobar abounds are remarkably swarthy,
and he asks the question whether or not "it
operates to darken men's skin. This sug
gestion is probably of no account except
from its amusing nature. That u haze
which is always high above the earth could
serve in any way to darken men's skins
when we know that such darkening is suf
ficiently effected by the sun's rays alone is
the very extremity of speculation.
It is worth while for onr observers in this
country to make some study of this peculiar
haze. It probably occurs in the mountain
ous parts of America as well as elsewhere;
or if it is wanting in our country, that fact
of itself will be an important observation.
Prof. 2T. S. Shaler,
Strangely Contorted
Are the joints by rheumatism. Extirpate this
atrocions dlscase,aR well as cunt and neuralgia,
at the outset with Hostetter'n (Stomach Bitters,
and avoid possible life-long agony. It is a
tempting of Providence to delay when rheu
matism a-sails Ton, as it Is not only obstinate,
but dangerous. Chills and fever, kidney com
plaints, nervousness, debility, constipation and
dyspepsia arc also routed by the Bitters. Use
regularly.
Hats, special styles, Jackson's pocket
hat, from 74 cents up. 951 and 956 Liberty
street, Star corner. risa
PLATING WITH FIRE.
The Law for the Rich and the Law
for the Poor Nowadays.
THOSE NATURAL GAS DECISIONS
Of the Supreme Court Calculated to Make
People Ponder.
TWO LEGAL PICTURES PRESENTED
WEITTEt rOB THE DISPATCH.l
ECISIONS of the
Supreme Court of
the State during the
week touching the
illegality of taxing
natural gas company
pipes, and practically
legalizing the claims
of the natural gas
companies to charge
what they please, are
of more far-reaching
importance than at
first appears, and in
dicate that we are
slowly, but none the less surely, drifting to
that point outlined by the poet where he
says of Lo! the poor Indian:
We, the rightful lords of yore.
Are the rightful lords no more.
And what is true of Lo! the red man will
soon be equally true of Xiol his "pale-faced
brother."
I have np sympathy whatever lor what is
commonly preached as communism, and our
Anglo-Saxon thrones of "law and order"
compel us to gracefully accept legal de
cisions which we feel are strained or errone
ous. Yet it is impossible not to feel that
such decisions as those handed down during
the week will in the luture not only breed
what Carlyle calls "law defiers," hut that
they are giving legal effect and force to
principles which the vast mass of orderly
and intelligent citizens feel to be a mon
strous wrong.
The average citizen cares nothing for the
tax collector's "pugs" involved in this de
cision. Very little more for the mere "tare
and net" as such, so far as it effects the
city's exchequer, but it is surely a curious
spectacle to find the Court of last resort in
Pennsylvania closing the English lan
guage into a corner to get adjectives vigor
ous enough to uphold corporate against
popular right.
REMEDIES FOR LTTIGAJTTS.
Chief Justice Church used to say in New
Tork tlint a litigant when beaten in the
lower court had two remedies one to ap
peal, the other to swear at the court. Here
we have no Court of Appeals such as they
have in New York, and peradventure our
onlv popular remedy in sight is to "swear
at the courts" and certestbe public are swear
ing hard at these later decisions of the Big
Wigs. And why not?
Take a very simple proposition, which
everyone can understand without petti
fogging: A stranger visits the city has no inter
ests there, is a mere bird of passage. He
orders a cab. He is charged an excessive
rate, and he finds a remedy a tariff ot rates
ordained by the municipality for the pro
tection of "all and sundry" persons within
ourgates. He pays neither tithes nor taxes
gives no equivalent for the police, magis
terial and legal protection afforded. He
gets: all these without any sort of return or
equivalent. I am talking now to common
people, such as left their bloody footprints
at Valley Forge, and supposed they were es
tablishing a government of "we, the Deo
ple," but knew .nothing of the quadlibets
and quidiebits of 'modern law.
Now look at the reverse of this picture
and tell me if the drift is not toward a "de
cline and fall." Here is a corporation
drawing its powers from the peonle. and
given valuable franchises without any
highways, tear up and obstruct streets,
make mud holes out of leading thorough
fares, cause citizens loss and annoyance
without any redress asserting rights not
claimed by any citizen, and assuming to
charge the public, which has been granted
all these lavors, any rate it pleases for its
product, and when the public attempts to
resist these extortionate claims, it is told
by the highest court in the State that it can
have no redress, and the creature is above
the creator. Pray where do "we, the peo
ple," come in under snch a doctrine?
HISTORY MAT REPEAT ITSELF.
If such decisions must stand, the Huns
and Vandals which Lord Macaulay pre
dicted would overthrow the "Great Re
public" in the twentieth century will likely
be recruited very Iargeiy from the sons of
the "law abiding" citizens of the nine
teenth century.
Take the other case, and
Tell me, 1 implore.
Quoth the raven evermore.
Is this sort of "inequality" in a land of
"equal laws" to continue?
A poor man erects a homestead of brick
and mortar, and the assessor comes along
and assesses the homestead at what is face
tiously teimed its actual cash valuation.
There is no escape for him. Taxation follows
assessment, and lien and costs follow delin
quency as inevitably as the day follows the
night. No courts or retinue of lawyers in
tervene in his behalf. Whether it be robbery
under the form of law, or the other kind, he
must stand it, nolens, volens. But lol
here is a corporation, which uses not
private ground paid for bv individual
effort, but public ground paid for by the
common weal, it digs up the highways,
obstructs travel and traffic, and lays pipes
which are as much the product of human
labor, and, therefore, as property taxable as
bri;k or mortar, and the company resists
taxation on this franchise, and this property
the big wigs and silk gowns in the highest
judgment" seat in the State affirms the
corporate claim as against the individual.
Injustice cannot permanently thrive under
onr Anglo-Saxon civilizatio'n, and 'ere the
child of to-day is a voter such decisions and
their authors will be as forgotten or as exe
crable as Jeffries. It was su:h outrages as
these against "popular right" that com
pelled the Barons to combine against King
John and have made Magna Charta and
Bunnymede immortal.
As Charles O'Connor said in the Tweed
appeal suits, "When law ceases to be an
embodiment of justice, it becomes a thing of
contempt. James W. Breen.
Boss townshit, January 19.
Electrical Dinitnoftls of the Brain.
Several of the Eastern papers are noticing
the electropathie diagnosis and treatment ot
the brain discovered by the able electrical
physician, Dr. S. L. Johnson, of this city,
and speak favorably of the remarkable re
sults gained in diseases of the brain bv his
method. Indeed, the results obtained by
the doctor in serious brain troubles on many
of our citizens, as well as others from differ
ent parts of the country, who came to him
for brain diagnosis and treatment, are sur
prising. While the photographs made by Dabbs
have always been considered fine, many
people know there is an individuality and
refinement about his pictures that distin
guish them from all others.
Chrll-' Dancing
Academy, No. 1012 Penn ave. Prof.
Christy is forming new classes for beginners
on Monday evening, January 21. This is a
new term.
Tailoring One thousand and one styles
of goods on hand at nil times for making to
order at Jackson's, 954 and 956 Liberty st.
TTSU
Buy a good, reliable watch. Your old
watch taken in exchange at Hauch's, No.
295 Fifth ave. Established 1853. WFSn
The best housekeepers use the best flour.
The best flour is "Bosalia," manufactured
by Whitmyre & Co.
THE PITTSBURG- t DISPATCH, ' SUNDAY, JAmTAHY 20, 1889. r .
SCRAPS FROM TOE STUDIES.
Art Items of Intertst What the Home
Artists Are Doing.
Mr. Geoege Hetzel Is at present very
much interested in the appearance of land-scape-on
a frosty morning, and Is engaged upon
a number of small pictures showing the effect
upon nature of these first touches of winter s
cold. One of the works winch he has already
completed may be seen at Mayer's, where it
wilt perhaps attract attention as being the
nearest approach to a cold morning which we
seem likelv to encounter this winter. The
supply of the real article of cold being appar
ently exhausted, Mr. Hetzel's imitations are,
perhaps, the best substitute we can find.
A number of paintings from the collection
of Mr. Charles M. Kurtz, of New York, are to
be seen atBojd's, an inipeciion which will re
pay anyone for the trouble of a visit. They
are mainly landscape subjects, and are mostly
of small size, some of tiieru being remarkably
diminutive for w.rks in oil, but they are all
distinctive in character and possessed of con
siderable merit. Same of the smaller pictures
are very clever little works both as to color
and execution; in fact this collection appears
to have been gathered together by a man who
had a good eye for color, and who knew a fine
painting when he saw one.
Bricks arc not generally regarded as pos
sessing many very valiable decorative quali
ties but they are nevertheless being largely
used for that pnrposejand they prove highly
satisfactory whenever' circumstance will ad
mit of their use. Fon this purpose, however,
thev are made in various colors and are also
glazed, which gives them their nmst valuable
feature frbra an utilitarian standpoint, as it
increases the brilliancy of their color and
renders them verv easilj cleaned. Since, when
they are once built Intp the wall, they require
no further care or expense, and are perhaps
more permanent than tie balance of the struc
ture of which they torn a part, they are par
ticularly suitable for tse in halls and public
buildings.
Since the exhibition pf the great Monkacsy
paintings in this city and the much talked of
Verestchagin collection in New York, some
little speculation has bsen aroused as to the
kind of rooms which serve as studios for artists
who produce such extensive works. Mr.
Verestchagin's studio, 'which is situated at
Maison Lantte, one of Hie suburbs of Paris, is
150 feet long and 50 feethigh, and is the larcest
room ever occupied for such a purpose. Tnis
one fact is almost sufficient to convey an idea
of the light in which works or art are viewed
abroad, when such extensive preparations are
made for their production, but a description of
the studios of the most successful painters of
Rngland and France would also be a tale of
luxury beyond anything which our home
artists ever dream of.
The question as to wtcther or no it would
prove beneficial to have inch places as art gal
leries open on Snndaj s is being freely discussed
In New York, and is perhaps deserving of con
sideration in this city, agalnbt the time when we
shall have a gallery worthy of the name. The
arguments which are used in favor of Sunday
opening are by no means new, out tuey are as
good now as ever they were, and are mainly to
the effect that art exhibitions and public li
braries, being edncatlonil institutions, should
be accessible at such times as the peo
ple for whose benefit they are intended
could most conveniently visit them.
Since the majority of people are almost con
stantlv employed durmgthe week the qnestion
does not seem to admit of any great difference
of opinion. If it is desirable that the great
mass of persons should remain Ignorant rather
than acquire knowledge on a Sunday let the
doors .if such institutions remain closed, other
wise open them wide and give the elevating
influence of art and culture a chance to operate
in the direction in which they will do the most
good, and that is upon the minds of tuose
whose need is the greatest and whose oppor
tunities are the smallest.
For the next few days Gillespie's art gallery
will be one of the most interesting places in
the vicinity to tbosj for whom fine paintings
possess an attraction. Ttere is now on exhibi
tion there about 30 pictures by foreign and
American artists, which, for variety of subject
and general excellence. B one of the best col
lections of its size which has ever been seen in
this city. Nearly all of these pictures are by
well known, not to say famous artists, and
though not all equally striking they are
jet above the commonplace. Among
the most famous names isthatof J. L. Gerome,
Paris, represented by a snail painting entitled,
"In the Mosque." 'The Departure," a pictuie
well known here through numerous reproduc
tions, is by F. H. Kacromerer, a pupil of Ge
rome's and is a beautiful piece of work in a
bright decorative stj le of execution. A picture
bv Charles Sprague Peirce, called "In the
Field," is a strong work, the interest of which
centers in the figure of a joung girl, excellently
drawn, particularly the vork on the head and
face. "The Triumph of Judith," by
another Parisian artist, E. Kichter,
also shows good dravmg In the figure
and snlendid nalntinz of texture in the drapery.
Some little fault might be found in an other
wise fine marine entitled, "North Atlantic," by
wise nne marine entitled, "jNortn Atlantic, oy
H. P. Smith, of New York. No comment is
needed on a work by J. G. Brown, his 'style
iKiug su well known here. The picture bearing
his name, "xne uia ruiaer," is one oi nis
characteristic studies. A landscape with
cattle, by J. M. Hart, of Hew York, Is one of
the best works of its class ever seen in this city.
The color is good, the drwing excellent, and
the composition beautiful; three things which
when combined make a fine picture. The
above are a few of the mst notable works in
this collection, but there are others of equal
merit, and a vr-it to the gallery during their
stav will be amplv repafj. The pictures re
m..n until next Thursday.
One of the most notable paintings ever exe
cutcd by a Pittsburg artst 13 that by Mr. John
W. Beatty, which has teen on exhibition for
the past two days in one of tho rooms of the
Pittsburg Art School. 'Plowing the Orchard"
is the title of this work! and it very well ex
presses the character of the subject. The
chief interest centers ibout a pair of magnifi
cent horses standing ready to move forward
again as soon as the p'ow to which tbeyare
harnessed shall have teen disengaged from a
rock u hich it has encountered. The plowman is
seen in the act of drawing the plow out from
behind the -stone; he is a typical farmer
boy, and his attitude is thoroughly in keeping
with the action. To tie left the background
is formed by some fine old fruittreesthatstand
boldly out against the sky. On the right the
sky itself serves as a backgrnnnd,and a sufficient
expanse of it is seen to lend light and brilliancy
to the work. Beneath the trees, and between
them and the horses, is a strip of briglit-hned
green sward, and in the immediate foreground
is the freshly turned eaith just broken by the
plow. The color scheme of this work is about
all that cnnld be asked. Of the two animals,
the one which shows most prominently has
iust sufficient red in his coloring to form the
ey-note of the picture, and to pleasantly con
trast with the greens of the grass and trees.
The sky is a clear blue, which accords well with
the colors in the other portions of the picture.
In fact, alter the splendid drawii g of the
horses has been considered, the leading feature
of this work is the excellent relation which all
its parts bear to each other, the artist having
tuny securea mat expression oi ntness uy
which nature unites all her various features,
blending them into one beautiful and harmo
nious whole. Mr. Beatty alsodeserves honor
as being the first Pittsburg artist to prodnce an
etching. The advance prooT of the plate which
he made after bis picture. "Return to Labor."
is worthy of notice for itself, as well'as being
the first work of its kind by ono of our home
artists.
The extent to which art has invaded the
home life of a nation forms a fair criterion by
which to judge of Its progress in culture and
civilization. And, in this respect, art does not
simply consist of hanging pictures upen the
walls nor vet in having the inmates of tho
household dabble in colors, decorate china,
hammer brass ,or inako crayon portraits of
their relatives and friends, but it is indicated
by the degree ot judgment and artistic taste
with which the house is lurnisbed.
A sense of tho harmonious ' re
lations of colors. combined with
an eye for beauty of form, in the articles of
utility or ornament with which we surround
ourselves is as positive evidence ol the posses
sion of the true artittic instinct as the accumu
lation of pictures and art works, and if in addi
tion to this ws becoue possessed of a fair share
of pictures, and these good ones, selected with
judgment and taste, we have realized about all
that it is possible for the average individua to
attain to in this particular, judged from Its
enectsupon home me, pernaps the most im
portant branch of art is that applied to
tho designing and construction ot house
hold furniture. As this applies to objects of
daily use, and with which we are more or less
constantly surrounded, it is a matter which In
terests everyone, and the presence or absence
of a display of ait Is tic taste and judgment in
this particular is an influence for good or evil
from which none can escape. Fortunately,
there is of late years evidence of an increas
ing appreciation of the. value of art as practi
cally applied to evsry-day life; people have be
gun to reject the old-time ugliness, and to call
tor (forms of grace and beauty; and in
color harmony begins to take the place
of crudity. Whatever may be' demanded
by the public in this direction will be
forthcoming, but demand must necessarily
come before supply. Flaxman was able to
greatly advance the art of pottery-making in
England, but an advance in art should not be
permitted to depend upon the energies of any
individual or it nay be delayed centnries be
yond its time. Let there be a great public de
mand, however, and a hundred snch as Flax
man will come forward as if by magic. There
is at present good evidence of this popular de
mand for tho beautiful in the preparations
which are made to meet it, and there is every
Indication that It will continue to Increase.
When once the people 1 nlly realize the amount
of aesthetic pleasure to be derived from the
thoroughly tastef nl adornment of their homes
tbey will not readily accept ugliness In its
place, more especially as It is often just as easy
to make an object graceful as the reverse.
A LAND. OF FLOTOS,
Sunshine and Balmy Breezes, Where
Winter Storms Are Unknown.
THE PEER OP ALL WINTER RESORTS
Memories of the War Cherished fcy the
People of Aiken, S. C.
DEVOTED, HEROIC S0DTHEEN WOMEN
CORBESrOITDEXCE or THE DISPATCH.
Aiken, S. C, January 15.
HEN people are well
and full of the vigor
and coura g e that
health gives, they
think nothing of the
snows and sleets, the
rains and winds, the
sudden changes from
warm to cold, or wet
to dry, beyond their
!?
disagreeableness and their Interference with
plans for pleasure. But for invalids and
those especially who have disease of the
chest, the cold and cruel winter, with the
bitter blasts now howling now whisper
ing hypocritically of springtime balm, is
especially trying. More than that it is
fraught with dread, distress and danger.
"What is needed for such invalids, and for
all who desire to escape the rigors of the
season when flowers are dead and hills are
bleak and bear and the storm king rules
and rages with the savage pride of power
that dominates all out doors at least, is a
warm, an equable we may say the ideal
climate.
But where to find it is the question that
most deeply concerns those in whom the
forces of life are low, who need vigor, need
stimulus and require the tonic of open,
fresh air and warm, refreshing sunshine.
Some pronounce for clear, bracing moun
tain air, others more highly esteem the
warmth of the tropics, while still others seek
for regions where can he found a cool sum
mer and a moderate winter a happy me
dium that is known in only a very few fa
vored spots upon the globe.
FAMOUS WINTER RESORTS.
Europe has its famous winter resorts
along the Mediterranean, iu the South of
France, on the sunnv slopes of Spain, while
in this country Florida, Texas and Southern
Calilornia ' about complete the list.
Those who stand by the Al
pine theory that dry, clear, frosty
air is most conducive to the healing of the
lungs, and the cure of physical debility,
stand up for Colorado and the mountainous
plateaus of the Alps, while others, who
tavor the warm and dry regions with an
equable temperature and the genial breezes
from warm ocean currents, are wont to extol
and recommend lower California. Southern
Europe is the more fashionable, especially
for rich Americans, who follow the nobility
of Europe, and who are fully possessed with
the idea that anything that costs the most
money must, of course, be the best thing.
San Bcmo, Mentone, Nice, Biarritz and
other noted resorts swarm with dukes and
duchesses, counts and countesses, and Ger
man barons and English earls and Italian
princes,conscquently the American million
aires must be there also, even if the most
favored spots on the globe, as regards cli
mate and health, are in their own couutry.
It is the happy belief of the inhabitants
of Aiken that no place yet discovered in
America or Europe so per ectly comes up to
the conditions of health as their own
favored town. Those who know anything
of the scientific features of the case take the
utmost delight in the figures which show
that the mean relative humidity of Aiken
is only 58 percent, while in Florida it is
71 per cent, in Thomasville, Ga., 03, in
Nice, Italy, 71, and in Mentone 70. If
figures do not lie this should of course settle
thejease for all doubting Thomases.
If pueumonia and other lung diseases are
to be relieved and cured by tonic- air and a
dry climate, then Aiken has good reason to
glorify itself, for certainly such conditions
are here to be found. We have said some
thing about this before, but the longer we
stay here the more we learn, and the more
enlightenment we propose to gfve on tho
subject, for the benefit of the many who are
longing and eager to know.
BLISS TO BREATHE.
If it has been settled by the doctors who
ought to know that moderate elevation, dry
air, warm climate and the balsamic odor of
pine woods are the favorable conditions for
the cure of throat and lung diseases and ner
vous prostration then we may say they are
here, and that many are greatly benefited is
certain. The average outdoors winter tem
perature is (50. To-day it was 64 in the
shade, with snch sunshine and balm as
made it a luxury to live and bliss to
breathe. The streets were full of invalids
riding, driving, walking. Sick wives with
stalwart devoted husbands frail and feeble
men supported by vigorous, healthy help
meetspretty young girls who are here to
secure lost roses delicate young men on the
tearch of brawn and bronze and muscle all
were enjoying such a glow of sparkling sun
shine, such heavenly blue of sky, end such
airs as were blown in Eden before original
sin and total depravity were invented.
Aiken is laid out on the most gorgeous
scale. The streets are ISO feet wide, with
double rows ot trees and parks in the
middle, with seats scattered along Jhe side
walk, so that pedestrians can sit down and
enjoy the beauties of nature, drink in the
virtues of the air and take in the passing
throng.
"I don't think my husband looks half as
bad as most of the men here," said a tall,
anxious-looking lady at the book stall, who
was evidently a newcomer. "He is very ill
of course, but he does not look so awtully
bad, does he?" she said, appealingly look
ing round, as if for confirmation and reas
surance to buoy her hopes and belie her
fears.
"Oh, no;" said the lady addressed, "he
looks quite sick, of course, but he will not
be here a month till he will be like a new
man."
HER INVALID.
The hopeful smile that brightened the
worn and anxious face of the devoted wife
was beautiful to see. That she had had
weary days and broken nights was visible in
every line of her countenance and in the
tired-out look in her eyes. For strain on
nerves and energies the poor woman needed
rest, and balm, and change, herself as much
as her husband, but her sole thought was
for him his health, his restoration, his en
joyment were what filled her mind to the
exclusion of selt. The few words of encour
agement and sympathy, aided by the air
and sunshine, gave hope, and she fondly
hugged the delusion that her husband, her
patient, her treasure, did not look so badly
as other men she met, when the fact really
was that to the bystanders, he looked like
an animated ghost. If the climate ot Aiken
could put the vigor of health into such a
man a miracle would be accomplished.
However, let us hope it will so refresh and
invigorate the loving wife that she may bet
ter bear the cares and burdens that will so
soon tall upon her shoulders the task of
supporting' and educating five fatherless
children.
School children at the North who are na
tive Americans often taunt their schoolfel
lows from across the sea on their nationality
as a "sassy Irish thing," or as a "nix foor
steh Dutchman," hut here the reproach and
belittling gibes come on another score, as
we heard on the street to-day.
"Oh you," said a white child, with strong
contempt, to a middling dark one," you are
nothing but a black-and-tan."
"Well," replied the little darky, her eyes
sparkling with rage, "yon ttiank your
Heavenly Father you're not a black-and-tan;
but, anyhow," she continued, with ris
ing wrath, "I'd nuff sight rutherbe a black-and-tan
than poo-ah wljjte trash like yon."
But for all that we have seen and heard
there Is as ranch amity and good feeling be
sSSi r il irJEs
wnillJiJ'nS
tween whites and blacks as between native
Americans and Irish and Germans in -the
North. $
NO RACE FEELING.
There are no indications of "bitter race
antagonisms," "deadly feuds" or "im
passable gulfs ot bate," and the dominance
of force by tear, as some of the rip-tearing,
fire-eating, bloody-shirt orators are wont so
blatantly to portray. The black and white
races have grown up together in the South
for generations, and while the emancioation
proclamation changed their conditions, it
aid not provoke the antagonism expected
did not to large extent destroy the loyalty
of servants to their old-time masters; did not
result in hate and bitterness, save where
perhaps it was fomented by carpet-baggers
and freedman's aid missionaries. It is ouj of
the pleasant memories of the war cherished
by the Aiken people that during the whole
unpleasantness between the North and Sonth
and when Kil patrick's troopers from Sher
man's army invaded the town, only one
negro braved the contempt of his neighbors
by joining the Yankees and becoming dis
loyal to the Confederates. All were heart
and hand with their white friends. It is
amazing to think that this peaceful little
village was shelled for three days during
Sherman's March to the sea. But so it was.
And that its inhabitants were reduced to
unknown undreamed of privations is
shown by the story of a lady that they care
fully gathered up'the corn that fell from the
bags of the troopers and ground it up for a
little food.
Another bit of testimony to the climate of
Aiken is furnished. in the fact thaj after the
surrender of Lee, officers and men and
horses were here for months to recover from
the effects of the war.
With ideas of the fire-eating Southrons
formed from "The Fool's Errand,".by Judge
Tourgee, we were not a little surprised to
meet a Yankee from New England who Iihs
lived here for nearly a quarter of a century
in peace and quietness, and has won the re
spect of his friends and neighbors. In a
little conversation he said that how he came
Sonth first was with a sister who had con
sumption. They went to Florida, but it
failed to benefit her, and she died shortly
alter reaching home. With a like fate in
view lor himself in a New England climate,
he determined to settle in the South, and
fixed upon Aiken a3 the spot. He bought
a handsome estate, upon which was a
spacious residence house of the olden style.
Here he has lived in good health ever
since. He has fertilized his fields, and
raised good crops and managed his affairs
with Yankee energy and thrift. "We asked
him if he had ever had any trouble, or suf
fered from ostracism as a Northern man
and a "Yank" at that but he said no,
never. He was never molested or mis
treated in the slightest degree. But then,
said he in an explanatory way,I never
wanted an office. If I had gone actively
into politics it might have been different.
The politicians are the fire-eatera not the
people. North, as well as Sontb, the poli
ticians are great on gao, ana are given to
lying and all manner of deviltry. The old
man's eyes twinkled, and anybody could
see that he wa3 smart and cute enough to
get along anywhere.
tVOMEN OF THE SOUTH.
"We of the North have been to.d that the
women of the South were the most devoted
and heroic upholders oi the Confederacy
that they sacrificed everything for its suc
cess that they by a courage and bravery
worthy of a better cause encouraged its
defenders in the face of dire defeat to per
severe, to try, try again, to perish in the
last ditch rather than surrender, and when
at last the game was lost, the women dis
played the most bitterness, cherished the
warmest resentment, and were full of un
dying hatred to the North; but certainly,
as yet, we have seen no manifestation
of such feeling. It may exist, but
if it does it is closely concealed. It is hard
ly in consonance with human nature not to
hate what people deem to be the cause of
inexpressible sufiering and privation. But
in the bitter school of experience, and under
the iron "hand of misfortune, they have
learned to love their enemies for revenue
only, as a cynic observes, or to forgive them
from a business point of vfew, but we pre
fer to believe them sincere, and to have
seriously and heroically been led to live np
to the creed they orofess by loving their
neighbors as themselves, and by praying for
all such as have despitefully used them by
defeating th'eir champions in the open field.
And talking oi living up to religious pro
fessions and tee thachingand creed of Christ,
we know of no small town on the continent
better provided with the means of grace, or
in which the spiritual interests of the peo
ple are more carefully attended to than this
town of Aiken. For a population of per
haps 1,200 white people.it has an Episcopal,
a Presbyterian, a Methodist, a Baptist and
a Boman Catholic church. These are apart
from the churches of the colored people.
Bessie Braxble.
About Overcoats.
A very popular price is fifteen dollars,
and that's the figure we now offer our $35,
$30 and $28 kersey and chinchilla overcoats
at. A dozen different styles, all silk and
satin lined. Tbey were "bargains" at $30.
Imagine what value they are at $15. We
also have a number of overcoats at $10 re
duced from $22. We've simply knocked
the bottom out of prices in men's business
suits. A ten dollar bill buys an elegant all
wool suit that would have cost you $22 a
week ago, and when you recollect that wev
only deal in the better qualities ot men s
clothing, you'll understand the full strength
of these bargain 'prices. Just look in and
see us to-morrow; we will be glad to meet
you whether you purchase or not.
P. C. C. C, Cor. Grant and Diamond sts.,
opp. the new Court House.
New Departnre In Accident Insurance.
The National Benefit Association, of In
dianapolis, Ind., have recently added to
their business an industrial branch for ac
cident insurance, in which the premiums
will be collected weekly at the homes or the
workshops of the insured.
Mr. John Jordan, who has had some 20
years' experience in industrial insurance,
the last five years as superintendent for the
Prudential Insurance Company of Ameri
ca, has accepted the position of supervisor
for the industrial branch.
I "will remove my place of business to
the corner of Smithfield street and Seventh
avenue, Bissell block, on or about March 1.
Previous to removal I will close out my
present stock at reduced prices.
Walter Anderson,
Cor. Wood street and Sixth avenue,
Su Pittsburg.
Catarrh Cured.
A clergyman, after years of suffering from
that loathsome dlsea.se, catarrh, vainly trying
every known remedy, at fast fonnd a recipe
which completely cured and saved him from
death. Any sufferer from this dreadful disease
sending self-addressed stamped envelope to
Prof. J. A. Lawrence, 88 Warren St., New York
City, will receive the recipe free of charge.
The Pitsburg Beef Company, agents for
Switt's Chicago dressed beef, sold at whole
sale during the week ending January 19,
135 carcasses of beef. Average weight per
carcass, 590 pounds; average price 5 cents
per pouna.
Clothing, of our own make, none better
in the country, at the lowest possible prices.
Jackson's, 954 and 956 Liberty st. ttsu
.i w biwuvii; u ujiiac Kwuu w sts- wu
".Rosalia,'' the best patent flour in the mar-
No trouble to make good bread
from
ket. Manufactured
i by Whitmyre as uo.
Workingmen using overalls with apron
or without try our 50 cent star overalls,
thev are our own make and warranted not
to rip. Jackson's,
ttsu 954 and 956 Liberty St.
Special Kill Glove Bnrgnln.
150 doz. fine 4 b. embroidered kid gloves,
choice colors, 50c, worth 75c, at Rosenbaum
&Co'.
Gold-headed canes and umbrellas;
lowest prices, at Hauch's, No. 295Fifth ave.'
No charge for engraving. 'WFSa
Dabbs' photographs are finer than ever. (
SUNDAY THOUGHTS
ON
pnu$ 0 mPi
BY A CLERGYMAN".
IwitirruM tOb toe cisrxrcn.l
HE first duty of a
preacher is to keep the
congregation awake. In
struct the sexton to let
in plenty of fresh air.
Without air, without
life. Break out a few of
those stained glass win
dows and admit the sun
shine? Darkness always
nrovokes a yawn. Mil
ton sang:
"I love the high embow'ed roof
With antique" pillars massy proof,
And storied windows richly dlght.
Casting a dim. religions light."
Bnt Milton was a poet. He looked at the
matter from the Esthetic point of view.
The minister is set to instruct and arouse.
He must insist upon right physical con
ditions for this work. The whole atmos
phere of many churches is somnolent. Xhe
decorum the routine of worship the ab
normal hush the whispered chants all
tend to drowsiness; and the droning voice
of the clerical reader completes the sleepy
spell. Hence, the congregation settles into
the "sleepy hollow" of the pew and plays
Hip Van Winkle as naturally as Joe Jef
ferson. And no' wonder for now it is not
acting. Here, there, and yonder heads nod
assent to the sermon in the wrong places.
"Oh," said one who was troubled with in
somnia, "would that a man could carry his
pew to bed with him!"
Preacher, take a lesson from the politi
cians. During the late national canvass,
with a theme not half as vital as yours, they
broke through decorum and convulsed the
continent. How? By talking from the
heart to the heart amid congenial surround
ings. Our Methodist brethren keep things
lively by exploding aniens. Well, they have an
apostolic warrant. Fornclently In a religions
assembly, as in a modern political meeting, the
speaker might be assailed by a rattling fusillade
of Interruptions, assent, dissent, questions all
were orthodox. In such circumstances he
could not glne his eyes to a manuscript. He
had to be a "minute man," like our revolution
ary sires. Such was the scene when St. Feter
preached on the dav of Pentecost, and the peo
ple broke (nap on him with the cry, "what shall
we do?"
Let the preachers themselves wake up, if
they would awaken others. An English bishop
once said to the great actor. Garrick: "Why is
it that yon art to f nil seats, while I preach to
tmpty pews?" "Welt," replied (jarricc. "I
preach fiction as though it were truth. You
preach truth as though it were fiction."
It is stated that the most splendid tomb in
England is that of the Duke of Hamilton, in
the grounds of Hamilton Palace. 'Tisa
model of the castle of San Angelo in Borne.
The gates are copied from the Ghiberti
gates at Florence. The coffin of the Duke
is enclosed in an Egyptian sarchophagus of
black marble, brought from Alexandria. Tbns
Europe and Africa are taxed to decorate death.
The immense sum of 900,000 is lavished upon
this monument of pride.
This matter of mortuary decoration Is every
where overdone. The cemeteries are populous
with ostentatious monuments. An effort is
made (vain and absurb) to carry the dis
tinctions of time into eternity. Meanwhile the
worms are bnsy under ground refuting the
vanity above. Death is a Jacobin it levels all
with an undistingnisbing hand. Let those stay
eqnal who have been thus equalized. Ostenta
tion at the grave is grotesquely out of , lace
like advertising disease, or boasting of de
crepitude. Only vulgar beggars uncover and
parade their sores.
No one criticizes when private grief sets up
the modest commemorative headstone, or
molds and unveils the beloved form in
"Stone that breathes and struggles,
Or brass that seems to speak."
But the expenditure of $300,000 upon a mauso
leum does not honor the dead it commemor
ates vulgarity.
Coleridge was an admirerof John Wesley,
the founder of Methodism. Southey's "Life
of Wesley" was cqnstantly in his hands.
He gave bis copy of it to Sontbey on account
of its marginal annotations. One of them con
tained the grateful apostrophe: "Ob, dear and
honored Southey, this book is the favorite of
mv library among many favorites, the book
which 1 can read lor the twentieth time with
delight, when I can read nothing else."
Coleridge's fascination lay not so much In the
charm of the story teller, as In the charm of the
story itself. And Wesley's was a wonderful
lifel If you would learn how great things may
be modestly done, what Joy may be found in
grief, wbat peace may be bad amid tempests,
study the career of this hero of faith.
"Carrie," said the kind maiden aunt,
"how was it that your brother Johnnie got
so much of the cake, when I gave to you?"
"liecause, repuea uarrie, rubbing her eyes
he snatched itf ' God gave mankind the good
things of the earth gold for money, coal for
fuel, wheat for bread, cotton and flax and wool
lor clothing, iron for building; the raw material
for supplying every need. How did the John
nie whose name is Monopoly get so mnch cake?
'Because he snatched it!" Uncle Sara sbonld
step in anb'interview Johnnie and make him
disgorge that cake. This is the view of Judge
Barrett, of the Supreme Court of New York,
who, in arecent judgment, has soundly spanked
Johnnie Monopoly and commanded him to re
turn the cake. Johnnie is aghast. Bnt snch is
the law God's law even more than man's. It
is both genuine democracy and New Testament
Christianity.
Here is a clipping which carries its own
moral: "My son, I observe that yon are
reading that sage headline in this morning's
paper, Don t Be a Clam. Now take your
father's advice rather than that of the news
paper, and remember that you might do
worse than be a clam. The clams that I
have met in this world have minded their
own business; have kept their mouths shut;
have avoided Indorsing their friends' notes:
have never embezzled trust funds: have never
come reeling home atmidnight nnder the influ
ence of cocktails; have never told lies about
their neighbors or indulged in ribald jest or
wounding repartee. Remember these things,
myson. Emulate the clam, and If misfortune
overtake yon, as it often does the bivalve of
whose virtues I have just spoken, yon will at
least have the consolation that be has: your
troubles will not be due to your own foolish
ness." This is a telegraphic age. We speak by
lightning. We travel by steam. We light
our houses by electricity. We live longer
in a year than our ancestors did in half a
century judged by what we accomplish.
Mere length is out of date like last year's
almanac. Peonle now-a-days skip long edi
torials, and don't read long books, and
avoid long talkers, and stay away from long
meetings or get up and go our, "Time Is
fleeting." There is much to do.
The application is to ministers : Don't preach
long sermons, and thus oblige yonr Dansbion
ers, in self-defence, to pnll out their watches
and shut them with an admonitory click. Cut
it short. Makenp in quality for any lack in
qnantity. A poor sermon is tolerable if it be
short; a good one is tolerable if it be long. The
application is to Christians: "Wbatevpi thv
band flndeth to do, do it with thy mlghf-J-ie
night cometh. Therefore improve the passvig
occasion. Speak your word, perform yonr
work, and then, like poor Joe, in Dicken's
ftory, move on. Don't wait to be run over.
The auplieatlon is to the household : Draw to-
f -ether tolay to-morrow never comes. Why
ive a tip-toe ? Settle down on your heels, and
enjoy the present. Love one another, help one
another, forgive one another, sympathize with
one another, now.
A fool never has enough, though he has
everything. Lucilius.
He who has grown weary of remaining at
home often goes forth and suddenly returns,
inasmuch as he discovers he Is nothing better
for being abroad. Lucretius.
By examining the tongue of a patient physi
cians find out the disease of the body, and
philosophers the disease of the mind. Justin.
I never knew a bad man who was not nn
happy. Juvintus.
Mutn 1 faith" abolished, all human safety is
destroyed. Livy.
The only path that surely leads to a life of
peace lies through goodness. Juvenal.
The seeds of our own punishment are self
sown the same moment that we commit sin.
Hesioc
The man is not nnor who hath the use of
things necessary. Horace.
Perverse mankind, whose wills created free.
Charge all their woes on absolute decree.
Bomrr (Odyuey).
"Virtue (sings a wise old poet) though in rags
will keep me warm." Not in this climate !
Woman has bien denned a "As essay on
goodness and grace In one volume, elegantly
bound. Although it may be dear, every maa
should have a copy."
It's poor work allavs settin' the dead above
the livin.' We shall all on ns be dead sometime
I reckon; it 'nd be better If folks 'ud make much,
on ns beforehand, instid o' beginnin when
we've gone. It's bnt little pood yon '11 do
a-watenn thelast year's cron. Mr). Faystr, in
Adam Bede.
A bad characteristic of our time is insub
ordination. An Irishman writing home to
a friend in Ireland, said, "Pat, come to
America. Here one man is as good aa
another and better, too." We have no rule
and no ruler.
Especially is this true of young America.
This young gentleman explodes the old fogr
notion of obedience and deference with his
fire crackers on the Fourth of Jnly. Go
where you will enter the home of poverty, or
abide beneath the ceiled roof of wealth, and
yon shall surely find self willed and unruly
children. Paris Communism is exemplified la
countless nurseries.
Think ot the discomfort of snch homes;
homes which else would be delightful, but
spoiled by these little tyrants In pinafores. In
such circumstances, the most humane person
most secretly symcatbize with Charles Lamb's
toast, offered at a dinner party which had been
mined by a gang of insubordinate younzsters:
"Here's to the memory of that mnch maligned
king, Herod I" Think of the future of these
children, thus permitted to grow np pampered,
self-indulgent, uncontrolled. What kind of,
fathers and mothers will they make ? Nur
tured in habitual disobedience to law and or
der, wbat shall prevent their becoming chionle
disturbers of law and order T These dear ones
shall tbey mature into tenants of jails and
food for the gallows ?
Here a question of gravest interest to every
thoughtful patriot is touched. Based as i our
Government is upon the ballot box. and there
fore dependent?at last, upon the sobriety and
virtne ana self-control of the individual voter,
what hope of the permanence of republican in
stitutions, if the future voters, the government
of to-morrow, are drunken, or lack virtue, or
are without self-control ?
A deadly peril to domestic happiness and
national stability masquerades in this insubor
dination of Young America. But the precise
time to form habits of obedience, and of re
spect for justly constituted authority, is in the
plastic hour of youth. As Pope says:
"Just as.the twig is bent the tree's Inclined."
And a wiser than Pope affirms: "Train up a
child in the way he shonld go; and when be is
old. he will not depart from it." The place,
therefore, in which to meet andstiflo tbs latent
peril is the nursery. Stamp out this spark of
childish disobedience, and the general con
flagrationthe Chicago or Boston Are of adnls
conflict with legitimate authority Is prevented.
Parents, and above all Christian parents, this
is yonr work. The command of God, the ex
ample of Christ, the comfort of home, the good
government of the country, unitedly dictate
the duty of implanting early habits of obedi
ence. Faithfulness here quiets the present
and secures the future.
Since the dawn of authentic history, Af
rica has been acommon prey. In the interior
wars have been perpetually fomented in
order to secure captives for the slave mar
ket. The rakish slave ship,
Built in the eclipse, and rigged with curses
dark,
has ever hannted the coast. The seraglios
of the Eastaud the hearthstones of the West
have been stocked with servants, the plun
der of Africa. The Western world Is now
closed to slavery. The barbaric East still holds
the door open. Christendom is at last united
in the purpose to close that door.
At last, the great powefc, under the inspira
tion of a benevolent Cardinal of the Roman
Catholic Church, have formed an alliance whose
object is the final i-uppression of the slave
trade. England. Germany, France, Austria,
Italy, Greece and Portugal (this last for centu
ries the European agent of the slave traders)
have agreed to maintain a naval blockade of
the east coast, the exit of the inhuman traffic.
Presently tne patrol is to be reinforced by
pushing repressive expeditions into the inte
rior. Tne young German Emperor, iu his lat
est address to the Reichstag, makes bimsel
the Peter the Hermit of this crusade. Another
generation will probably open Africa to civil
ization, and Christianity will go in and possess
the land.
Poor, Foolish Men;
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A magnificent Deep Block Polish, which lasts
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Terms Cash, or Easy Payments.
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