tkpt - M EYELESS EDEN Maintained by a Xew York Bachelor. Who Bevels in Luxury IN AN ORDINARY BALL BEDROOM. Entrancing Effects of Portieres and Many Colored Lights. A PAXTKr OX THE FIRE ESCAPE COEEESrOXDEXCE OF THE DISPATCH. 3 Xew Yoke, January 19. OW easy it is to live luxuriously and cheap ly, even in this expen sive city. I've just been taught bow in one delightful and valua ble lesson. It was learned in a room 14 feet long by 8J4 wide, situated in one oi me f most populous and ex pensive parts of Iew fork. 2ot far from the Filth Avenue Ho tel this bewildering apartment can be found. It costs its proprietor just 5150 a year rent and yields him more than a thousand limes that amount worth of comfort and pleasure. By the merest accident I found myself the other day enjoying the manifoid beauties and luxuries of this domestic Adam's Eden. Sot many women have been so fortunate. Yet all womankind would be better off if they could see, study and profit by the many les sons in the exquisite art of decoration, blending of colors and lovely shadings and drapings there to be learned. It is all the work of an old bachelor, and this veritable fairvlaud is his home a real bachelor's half. This apartment is undoubtedly one of the most wonderful in its unique splendors of any in the world, of equal size. Yet to be gin with, it was but the New York hall bed room of commerce. ICovr it is such a marvel Interior View of Room. of beauty and incredible economy of spare that it becomes a national enflosity worthy of the most elaborate description. IMAGINATION FAILS. Before! saw it, I was told that it was a bedroom, a drawing room, a kitchen and a dining room. I imagined I would see a kind of Christmas pantomime place, where everything would fall out and fold up and double under, as you touched bnttons or pulled strings. Tiiat is not true. It is fur nished with regular, proper Christian fur niture. Come through tins hall and look at it for yourself. Here is the usual New York old-trshioned lodging house hall, tolerably bare and dreary m the cold twilight of this rainy day. Here is the door, pull, it opens out, "there l no space wasted on it inside. How dazzling the sight that is opened np to you. Many solt lights, the subtle odor of incense, the profusion of pictures and the illusive effect of distance produced by bam boo portieres, create a wondertul confusion of the senses. First fasten your attention on the side board. There are a dozen decanters on it and they are all fulL There are, however, more reasons than the decanters why you should look at it. First, it is so liir; and then it is so handsome and wondcrtully decorated. It is carved oak, beyond the regulation size and fit lor the, extensive es tablishment of a millionaire. Ye, it is not too big for this one. There is a deal of entertaining done in this fairy-land, and by the magic peculiar to the place the side board does not seem to take up anv rorm to speak of. Just sit down a minute and look around you. There is plenty ol room for the whole party to dispose themselves comfort ably on the four eavy chairs and then leave space for a oecond series of visitors to come and walk around, looking at the wonders oi the place. ECONOMY OF SPACE. Naturally you don't believe that How can you when you have had the bitter ex perience of moving into a hall bedroom furnished with a bed, a washstand and a chair, and finding when you brought in your trunk that you had to climb on the bed to get to the door! It is not so here, and that is why the place is so remarkable. The massive furniture is arranged so as to leave the center ot the room tree to the easv movements of host and guests. The rich bamboo portieres do wonders for this room. There are two pairs of them, one only half length. They divide the small apartment Moonlight Comer. into three, as it were, and lend an air of size to each one. The lighting is a great feature of the place as to effect. The professional decorators and the women who spend their days fixing up their rooms ought to come here and learn a few bottom farts on making a place look beauti ful at a moderate cost It is with a room as it is with a woman, a little mystery is a great attraction. Now here there are an in credible number of lights. A great chande lier with eight burners, ornamented with dark green bull's-eye shades, trom which swing 112 double crystal pendants. There are also five lamps of large size and rich de sign. The lights are first ornaments, and incidentally they illuminate the room; but with such soft touches and curious effects that they ornament rather than glare. Here they glow warmly, there they reflect faintly the wonders of the place, then romantically they soften the shadows aud bring out new charms Irom the hundreds of fanciful be longings arranged about so tastefully. AN INCENTIVE TO POEST, Before going into the more practical de tails of description, come over here to this window seat: there i at extra foot of room in it, every inch utilized, you see, and enjoy the extra sentimental moonlight effect. The host understands exactly how to give it the tenderest touch. I wonder who he gets it up for? AH this doesn't'seem exactlysuited to a purely bachelor atmosphere. Down go the gas jets; the beautiful blue-green Vene tian hanging lamp over yonr head is turned op further, and lo! how street the moonlight -icT yc2SUM -a 'M' f It W K iiS'0 sleeps upon this bank. One now begins to quote poetry as naturally as breathing. "See," says one enthusiastic visitor, "while here is the moonlight, there is the sunset," being sifted througn the rich bam boo curtains by the big standing lararj !n its red silk shadelarge as a parasol. It is seen through the vista softened and lengthened by the two Japanese bead curtains and seems tar away. On the other side the main door, standing on a large chiffonier, is another lamp in a light green silk cover. But moonlights and sunsets are npt the solid attractions of this place. While we asm - r . jjjj fnwM The Sideboard. are at the window just take a look out. On the carpeted Sre.escape is an icebox and a refrigerator. Yet, this is the kitchen, or rather the pantry, containing many good things to eat aud drink. There is nn awning for their protection, andtbere these simple domestic articles repose in this unaccustomed situa tion as peacefully as if a fire escape were their natural environment. There, just be yond the window on one side of the room, is a good, solid, two-leaved dining table. Four, or eveu six, people can lie comfort ably seated at it it its fall extent were util ized, and four can be served with perfect ease. A handsome. embossed velvet cover, in rich, dark shades, of course makes it merely a general convenience and ornament when not engaged in its special mission. The sideboard is covered with charming wares, Japanese, Wedgewood, "Worcester and Dresden china, anda glimpse inside shows such a supply besides, and such an array of magnificent stiver and linen damask as might well make a housewitely heart ache with envy. ELEGAXT LUXTJBY. Opposite it is a commodious writing desk of inlaid ebony, over which is a large man tle draped with peacock blue plush, em broidered in gold. On the desk is a late magazine, a new novel and an assortment of pens, seals, etc., while its pigeon holes ffid drawers are filled with a variety oi fine stationery, and irom it steals the odors of delicate sachets. Its presence adds a dis tinct vote of elegance and refinement to the general luxury. On one side, under tjhe lid of the desk (no room lost again you see), is the gas heating stove. On the other, on a little brass stand in the niche between the desk and the table, is the gas cooking stove. It is of a new pattern and decidedly ornamental. There is an oven goes with it, and you can simply cook anything, Irom a poultice to poultry, on it. It is not usedf as a matter of tact, for much beyond ho, water for coffee, punches and boiling eggs or oys ters. The drawing room, the dining room and the kitchen have been described; but, I have said nothing yet about the bedroom. It is all here in the utmost perlection. The bed is the one piece of trick furniture in the place. It is a folding one, but such a fold ing one! It is a great big, solid double affair, with beveled mirror iront that even when it is shut up has an air of substantial comtort. It does not pretend to be a cabinet organ or a bookcase either; it is just a band some bed, with a grained oak casing match ing the sideboard. Opposite to it was a door; now there is a clothes-press, though Cheffonier. you would not know it. The door, as in all these old-fashioned houses, is set well back in thick wall. There was the batch elor's opportunity. That recess was not going to be lost. He just hung np his trousers and his nightgown in there and draped some modern Gobelin tapestry cur tains over them, and there was the place more magnificent than before and with a wardiobe beside. At the entrance end is the chiffonier and the stationary washstand. A screen and a bamboo curtain hides them from the main part of the room. But that is a mere con cession to conventionality.and a gratuitous exhibition of power, for this is one of the cutest corners. The chiffonier is draped in (esthetic blue plush and silk: a mirror in a beautiful metal frame rests upon it, and silver backed brushes lie about. TOILET ACCESSORIES. Turn around here and see what other uses besides-making a sunset "in a shady place" this giant silk-shaded standing lamp has. Here is a hint for you when you go to buy one. Its staff is surrounded half way up by a succession ol little circular shelves in the same fine-beaten brass work that constitutes the essential frame ot the lamp. A station ary washstand takes up but little room, but then it affords bnt small space for the vari ous bottles and manv toilet articles that accumulate in a'dressing room. Of course, this Admiral Crichton ot a householder has not neglected to put a richly dressed shelf above the washstand, but aiter all it is in full sight, and the lower ones on the lamp don't parade their contents to the view. Stationary WathttanA. Stoop down, there is a blacking box and brush, but you ( must look for it to see it. I'm beginning to catch on to the points of this household economy. Yon can be looking out for a place to tuck things mart pR? THE away even in buying a lamp. The orna ments of this lovely place are not generally specially expensive. They are such as most people of refinement have about them, pretty photographs and prints of one kind and another, with a little specially bache lorfied touch here and there occasionally. Japanese umbrellas for- the ceiling, vases, some gilded palms, a pair of beautilul buf falo horns, some very handsome artificial flowers massed on the chandelier and shad ing the light somewhat, that wonderful light that is so skillfully disposed as to en hance a hundredfold the charm of every article. The only fad displayed, unless you call the lamp a fad, is for "clocks. There are four different style clocks in the room, each a work of art, "and their bachelor owner avows that he is going to have another, a high, corner, cuckoo one. These all have that low. street voice that is quite as excel lent a thing in a clock as a woman. They chime out the hours in soft, musical tones that add to the effect of the lights and the perfume and the sideboard. SWEET PEBFUMES. Here is another idev for making home happy, burn incense. Those delightful lit tle joss sticks you can get so cheap. Very few people use them, and they much em phasize an atmosphere of luxury. I want women to do these things. One man like this is enough. He'll never marry till kingdom comes. Just think what a hus band he'd make! This room of his is not only the work of his ingenuity and his taste, but of his hands. He covers these brackets, he puts up these pictures, he drapes these curtains as weft as runs that cooking stove. Think what a handy person he'd be to have around when the baby carriage wheel came off, or when Biddy departed for her cousin's funeral on the afternoon of a dinner party to your mother-in-law. Bat he will never" be there. It is a tale of what might have been. A man that has got him self fixed like this, and above all, that has got so interested in his fixings, is hopeless. He is in love with that room and small blame to him. He entertains himself for hours together thinking what he will do to it next. He is a great original genius in the field of furnishing and decoration, and he is taking it all out in this uniquely su perb hall bedroom. He has not oegun to think of extending his field yet, he says. "O, you must come and see it when I get my music box, another lamp, and the tall clock and a velvet enrtain here, and " he hesitates, a dreamy look comes into his eyes, he is off through the trackless fields of the imagination in searchof new ideas for the room. He comes back from his reverie as we move to the outer door, and as he pushes back the rich plnsh portierers far as he can, he bids us good-bve and cordially invites ns to come again. We turn on the threshold and take one lingering look at the lovely dream-like room, as poetical as a woodland bower, as luxurious as an Oriental monarch could give his favorite, and once more we are in the hall in the every day world of common prose. Mabion Hood. PINE TBEES VALUABLE. How Worn Ont Fields alight be Made Ex ceedingly Valuable Punxsutawney Spirit. "I've got an idea that will be worth millions of dollars to the next generation if it is only carried out. It is this: Fine trees are valuable. They are getting scarce, and will be much more valuable 50 years hence than at present. My idea is to plant little pines in all the old fields in the coun try set them out in regular rows and culti vate them. They will naturally grow much faster and become larger and prettier when properly planted and cared for than when lelt to struggle for themselves in a wild aud unprotected state. "I would advise farmers to plant pine trees in every available place and cultivate forests of them. Thev may not become val uable in time to yield the planter a profit, unless be be a boy but they will continue to grow, winter and summer, until some fine morning their owner will wake up and find himself rich. Fine will always be in demand, and will continue to increase in value. This idea," concluded Lorn, "would be worth millions of dollars to the next gen eration if the present one would act upon it, and all I ask for it is that a grateful posterity erect a monument over my tumble dust." MADE ElCfl IN THIETI MIXITES. Two Brothers Strike a $100,000 Mlno by Disglng Down Two Feet. Chicago Tribune. 1 S. It. Soger and his brother left their homes near Hastings, Mich., about fourl years ago and went to Breckenridge, Col., where they worked in a stamp mill. They got possession of two claims, the "Iron Mask" and the "Kewanee" and worked them during spare hours, put ting considerable time and money into them. The claims had been worked previously for six years by an old miner, who failed to find paying ore. Boger recently put a man in the loner one and went to work himself. In less than half an hour, alter digging about two leet, be struck gold and silver bear ing carbonate of silver,aid to be the most valuable and easily worked iu that State. The vein was followed to the surface, when it was found that all the previous year's work had' been within 18 inches of the vein. The Boger Brothers have been offered $100,000 for the two mines, but want 8200,000. "Within a week after this find 5,000 men were on the spot, establishing claims, but the Rogers have secured many of the most desirable. The mine is on the east side of the mountain and the snow nec essitates keeping it roofed over. Turkish Snprrmtlllon Abont the Dead. St. Louis Globe-Democrat. 3 Preparations for the funeral are begun as soon as life is extinct, as the Turks believe in burying the dead as quickly as possible. The eyelids are closed and the lower jaw bandaged; the arms are stretched down the sides and feet tied together. The priest and his assistants are now summoned to wash the corpse. As with us, no matter how a person may have been kicked and buffeted through life, he is handled very tenderlv after all sensibility has departed. The Turks are even more careful ot this, because any lack of tenderness in handling a corpse would bring upon them the curse ot the dead man's soul. Bcnulifol Engraving Free. "Will Tbey Consent?" is a magnifi cent engraving, 19x24 inches. It is an exact copy of an original painting by Kwall, which was sold for $5,000. This elegant engraving represents a young lady standing in a benutilul room, sur rounded by all that is luxurious, near a half-open door, while the young man, her lover, is seen in an adjoining room asking the consent of her parents lor their daughter in marriage. It must be seen to be appre ciated. This costly engraving will be given awav free, to every person purchasing a small box of Wax Starch. This starch is something entirely new.and is without a doubt the greatest starch in vention of the nineteenth century (at least everybody says so that has used it). It supersedes everything heretofore used or known to science m the laundry art. Un like any other starch, as it is made with pure white wax. It is the first and only starch in the world that makes ironing easy and restores old summer dresses and skirts to their natural whiteness, and im parts to linen a beantilnl and lastiug finish as when new. Try it and be convinced of the whole truth. Ask for Wax Starch and obtain this engraving free. The Wax Starch Co., Keokuk, Iowa. Suits to measure from $18 up. Pants to measure from IS up. Satisfaction guaran teed at Jackson's Star Tailors, 954 and 956 Liberty street. rrsu PITTSB - OUG DISPATCH, UNCLE JOHN GIDEON. The Squarest and the Biggest Book makers on the French Turf. FRENCHMEN NATURAL GAMBLERS. Reminiscences of the Famous Ileenan Battle. Bayres- A TEEI HIGH OPINION OP KILRAIN rWWTTES roil THE DISPATCH. ONE of the biggest bookmakers, as he is also one of the best "old chappies" in the world, is coming over here in February on a visit to America for the first time. "tTnole John" Gideon, Wright and Saflery are the big bookmakers of the French turf, and I do not suppose there are three other such lasers of odds to be found in England or the United States. Two or three days be fore I left Paris Saffery won on one bet at Longchamps 525,000 and the next day, at Auteuil, he carried off almost as much more. He is a rather interesting person at French races. When he first came to Paris he was salesman in an English clothing house, just opposite the Presidental mansion. There he commenced taking bets, won more in a year than he earned as a clerk, his salary being only 8200, and soon he quit the shop to become an out and out booK maker. Since 1874 he has prospered finely. One day Wright came over from London for the 'express purpose of smashing Saff ry, who had done him a bad turn in some racing speculation. But instead of smash ing he became near being ground to pieces himself, for he laid 66 to 1 against a starter in the Cambridgeshire, and S.ifiery took him for $1,000. The colt thus backed at such long odds won easily and it took Wright some time to recover. However, he is all right now and is worth his millions. ABOVE SUSPICION. Mr. John Gideon has lived in Paris 25 years, and during all that time never has the slightest breath of suspicion blown against him. He lives with his family in a magnificent house in the Champs Elysees, the aristocratic part of the capital, and his three or four sons are made of the samegood stuffas the old man. He, too, sold clothes in early life, and his father was a Hebrew. The first book he ever made t& on the Lemington stakes, in 1848, when Mr. Mur rey's Miss Ann won, aud then his book summeJ up 5; 15s, out of which he had to pay 5 10s over to the winner. From that time on his success was such that he followed bookmaking in the ring and left the shop in L.ondou to take care of itself. In 1862 he commenced betting in Paris, and was led to do so through the following circumstance. That year he received a commission from M. Lupin to back his horse Dollar for the North amptonshire stakes, so he put on 200 to win, at a price averaging 30 to 1, also laying 700 for a place. Dollar won and Gideon carrried the money over to his employer. The dav after his arrival was a Sunday, and there was racing at Longchamps. Of course he went out, soon discovered it was good enough for him to stay and enjoy, and so he settled in Paris. "In proportion to thenumberof persons," said he to me, "that is to say, in proportion to the comparative populations ot London and Paris, the people here bet ten times as much and ten times bigger than they do in England. All classes of people attend French races habitually, not perhaps from any particular fondness lor horses, or be cause they know much about them indeed, it seems to me that some ot them can't tell a horse from a donkey but because the French are natural born gamblers. Indi vidually they bet heavier than does any, Englishman, and backers of horses can get longer prices in Paris tor the reason that, while in England the run is on only two or three favorites, here all horses are backed and bookmakers can give long odds easily. Bets of 20b, 500, 1,000, 2.000 and 5,000 Iouis are notinfrtauent. the amountof thebct depend ing, of course, on the price of the horse, for it the odds are too long, one cannot often take such wagers as I have just mentioned. A BIG BET. "The largest single bet I evar laid was 10.000 Iouis ($40,000) to 7,000 louis against St. Blaize for the Grand Prix, and the colt was not even placed. I do not think there was ever more money staked in any country than on the Grand Prix of 1881, when Mr. Keen's Foxhall won. That colt was backed lor a terrific sum, and the ring came near being swamped, but we managed to pull through all right, although I lost nearly $100,000. "Everybody bets in France, from the highest nobleman down to the commonest laborer. The betting here is both book and ready money betting, and we do as much of the one as the other. Both kinds are settled every Saturday evening at the Salon des Coufses, in the Boulevard des Capucines, and the way that that institution is run stands pre-eminently alone in the turf world. There is nothing like it anywhere else that I have ever heard of. It is a sort of clearing house ot the betting trateanity, nut all the members do not settie there. f some of them preferring to do so individ ually with each other, ice .Pans-mutuel is a great failure, because people do not know how much they are going to receive until the race is over, while by taking odds with bookmakers they know exactly how they will stand. There is something paradoxi cal about this Paris-mutuel system, for the more money you put on a horse tne less you are bound to receive. I think, however, the system will be kept up, as it seems to suit small backers, those who can only risk 5 or 10 francs, and who are always hoping to catch an outsider. I have watched and studied the thing closely, and I am sure that in most cases what the Paris-mutuel pays is about two points below the odds given in the ring." THE POLICE AND THE BOOKMAKERS. I asked Mr. Gideon if the bookmakers were having any trouble with the Paris po lice, and he answered me in the negative. "The fact is," said he, "the Government soon found out that a mistake had been made in trying to stop betting at the races, and so a test case was accepted to show the legality ot tne proniDition. some of us were arrested at Iiongchamps, tab'n before a magistrate, convicted, and all the money in our possession was confiscated. The case was appealed, and last October the convic tion was quashed, we were acquitted, and our money was returned. At the hearing the prosecntion advanced the, argument that all bookmakers were thieves and vaga bonds, without visible means of existence. My lawyer met this by stating that I paid $10,000 a year rent for the house I occupy, and that my personal taxes in Paris alone amounts to nearly as much more." Then "Uncle John" turned philosopher for awhile. "Why," he asked, "are book makers ostracized, so to speak, in society? In what is a man more honorable who bets on a horse than he who bets against it, and whence comes it that one who believes Fox hall will arrive first is regarded as infinitely superior, morally speaking, than an indi vidual who has reason to believe that Fox hall will finish no better than second or worse? Of course it wouldn't look nice to see a member of Bang-up Club standing, pencil in hand, holding his book and crving out all sorts of odds between 2 and 5 o'clock of an afternoon, but this Is a question of morals and fair play, not ot m seen scene. Moreover, is it not quite as proper and agreea ble to be a man who does pay you yemr money it you win. as it is to be one who sails yon stocks and shares at $100, which, later on, you'd be glad to get rid of at tne price of old paper? THE HEENAN-SAYBE3 FIGHT. We then talked abont the'Heenan-Sayres prize fight, in which historic event Qideon was one of the umpires. He hopes that there Is no longer any feeling in this country against him because of his connection with that affair, and I tried to assure him that there was not. I told him he would be welcomed heartily, not SUNDAY, JANUARY 20, only by the bookmakers but by all true sports men, and I beg to commend him to tbem In the sinrerest possible manner. "Tell me about that fight,1' I said, and here is his reply: 'That mill was fairly managed from first to last; there was no question raised concerning it at the time, and 1 do not know that there has ever been since. It lasted two hoars and six minutes; 35 ronnds were fought, and Sayres went through 28 of them with one hand, bis right having been disabled in the seventh. When the fight was over, Heenan was so blind he had to be led to his carriage by his seconds. For several minutes afterward Sayres sat on a stool drinking champagne and eating cold fowl, banded him by Harry Bronton and Jemmie Welsh, his two peconds. Those wno knew Sayres well never doubted for a moment that ho would win the fight, but some of his backers bad not the same confidence and tbey broke, into the ring.so it was necessary toileclare it a draw. During the round when Heenan tock the hug on Sayres, a man who bad a lot ot money on the flgbt became afraid of losing It and cut the ropes. This was no other than Johnnie Carr; he is alive now and is a well known swell mobsman. He Is very rich, but he only got out of Courtland prison two years ago ier serving a long sentence. SAYRES' EAKIT TIGHTS. "My first real days of friendship with Sayres began when he was matched to fight Harry Poulson. I backed the latter at 7 to 4 on, and lost, bnt was so well pleased with the way Tom fought that I made a match for him with Aaron Jones. After that we were inseparable friends to the day of bis death. He was the greatest fighter the world has ever produced, and until 1 saw Jake Kilrain fight last summer with Jim Smith on an island in the Seine, I never met anyn here near so good a man. In Sayres' da J a man only reached the championship throne by battles won not with gloves but with bare fists. He as a natural born fighter, never in a hurry to finish, and fairly illustrated the real art of self-defense. As a sparrer with the gloves, he was, as the saying goes, 'not in the bunt,' and I have teen limi bested at all points in such set-tos by men whom be could have whipped in the ring with one hand tied be hind his back. He copied from nobody, and never sparred while in training. Hiscross connters were simply terrific: he would get up to his man, baulk him twice if he stood it fall back as if to bis corner, then meet him and nut on the right Ho was the fairest fighter l have ever seen, and I have seen scores and 'scores of such contests. I have nothing in the world "to say against John Snllivan, 1-ntthe fairest flghter have seen since the days of Tom Sayres is Jake Kilrain. My friend had a secret that he put to use in training, which has never been told by me to anyone. His great strength lay In the fact that when in training he consumed an enormous quantity of Russian isinglass. He used to take as much as a quar ter of an ounce in his morning tea, then as much more after dinner, and then an additional quantity when ho went to bed." THE MITCHELI-SULLIYAN TIGHT. The fight between Mitchell and Sullivan would never have taken place, so I think, but for John Gideon. He was one of those who met the party at Amiens, where be soon saw that there was likely to be no fight at all. So he determined to return to Paris by the 3:10 P. jr. train, and was seated in a railway carriage with the representative of a London sporting paper, when a cnule of gentlemen came up and said: "You remarked this morning at breakfast that if it bad been left t-i you, you could have brought this fight off to acer taintv." "Yes," he replied, "I said that and I could have done so."' Thereupon they intro duced him to Sullivan and Mitchell and both men agreed to leave the aSair in bis hands. He told even body qnietlrto leave Amiens tbe next morning bv the 6:10 train for Pans, but to get oil at Creil. Ho left that same night, got to Creil at S o'clock, and before going to bed bad found the spot on the train ing grounds ot Baron Rothschild where tbe fight actually took place. Had tbe men not fought that Saturday, perhaps they would never have done so. Sullivan would have re turned to America, where gold would continne to shower upon him, and Mitchell would have been ruined for Ife, because everybody in England would have said be was a coward and atraid to meet tbe American. So you see tbe prosperity of the one and the at least tempor ary downfall of tbe other, was due to Uncle John Gideon. We went together to see the tight between Smith and Kilrain, and he never tires of talking about that contest. He has high admiration of Sullivan as a boxer and a quick fighter, but he thinks Kilrain a most wonderful man. Henry Haynie. EISE OP AMERICAN CITIES. Where 100 Years Abo 100,000 Persons Be sided There Are Now 0,000,000. Boston Herald. 1 The fact that there are so many cities to govern is one of the most astonishing in his tory, said Prof. Albert B. Hart recently. A century ago tbe whole population of the United States was less than 4,000,000, of whom harbly 100,000 lived in cities. Now there are in this country not less than 350 cities, having a total population of nearly 6,000,000; the cities have increased 60 times, and their population nearlv 60 times. It is evident that in this rapid dispkeement may be lound an explanation ot some ot tne problems which our cities present. It is not too much to say that no city in the United States owes its growth to its situation, for of the ten large cities seven are exposed to attack by sea, and but one is sufficiently protected. The second reason tor the location of cities is the convenience of commerce. A very interesting resume of the comparative advantage ot Boston, New York, Philadelphiaand Baltimore followed, and the commercial and manufacturing places of their rise ami growth were touched upon. It was of lar less importance that a city should grow than that it should grow intelligently. Manufacturing cities were always more densely populated than com mercial cities, anti the overcrowding of cities was one of the most serious problems of the day. The libraries and schools ot Boston would attract one class, while low theaters and dance halls would attract others. There were, in 1880, according to the cen sus of that year, 286 cities with,a population of over 8,000. One hundred of these had 12.000; 131 had between 12,000 and 40.000, while the remaining 45 ran trom 40,000 to 1,200,000. The number of cities increased but slowly from 1790 to 1840, but in the next decade the increase was as great as in the 50 former years. Large cities attract more than their share of the total growth of city population. Interesting figures in regard to the dis tinction of cities were then given, as well as the figures showing the comparative growth of the principal cities of the United States.. Up. to 1820 Philadelphia was the first city in the Union. The Erie Canal was finished in 1825, and the rapid leap of New York in population from 103.000 to 268,000 in 1830 followed. In a careful estimate, based on the Presidental votes of 1884 and 1888, New York has to-day 1,600.000 people. Phila delphia numbers 1,000,000 population now, but has to include her suburbs in this estimate. Brooklyn is a phenomenon, with its 782,000 people. Baltimore and Boston are rivals, but the former now leads by 7,500. IN A STRANdf MEDICAMENT. The Singular Social Adventure of a Fair Des Moines Yonnu Lady. From a Des Moines Letter. An accomplished young lady of Des Moines made a call upon somebody the oth er day, and she avows sjie passed a very de lightful afternoon. Who the person was that she called on she does not know. All she knows is that she started nut to call upon somebody else and by mistake she got into the wrong house, where she met with a very cordial reception from a young lady who evidently knew her very well. This young ladv rushed up to her when she en tered the door and told how awfully glad she was to see her, calling her by name. She also entertained her guest so pleasantly and everything appeared to be so agreeable all around that the latter did not have the heart to break the spell by asking who her unknown iriend was, and the unknown iriend never knew that she was not known by her guest. "Say, mister, is der ice strong enough ter, hold me an' Mickey ?"if. - 1889. THE ST0RT OF STEAM. The Ancients Knew Its Power but They Conld Not Afcply It. AN ENGINE INVENTED IN 1705. How Watt Solved the Problem and ad vanced the Industries. BIS STEUGGLES ASD FINAL TBIUMPH tWBITTKf FOB THE DISPATCH. HE power of steam was not unknown to the ancients. There are continuous refer ences to its power, and certainly the steam engine, existed in Spain and England as early as the fif teenth century, though in a very crude form. It consisted simply of two boilers which were alternately filled with steam through pipes and then alternately cooled by the passage of air through them, condensing the steam. By this nieaus a slow-acting force pump was made, chiefly valuable for mine drainage, but of no use iu ordinary manufacturing , lines. The first engine really worth the name was that invented by Thomas Jewco men in 1705, when, instead of two boilers, the cylinder was first used. It was a combi nation steam and air engine the piston was forced up by steam and down by atmos pheric pressure. The steam entered the cylinder to supply the up-stroke pressure, and was then condedsed by the outward ap plication of cold water, leaving the atmos phere to force the piston down through the vacuum left by the steam. But the con densation was soon after accomplished by means of a jrt of. cold water. The valves were at first worked bv hand, but in 1718 the automatic valve Came iu by attaching it to a rod joined to the beam. This was a great improvement, and this en gine is said to have been so lar perfected as to supply from 15 to 20 strokes per minute. But it must be noticed that the modern use and power of steam was not understood. The principle on which all these old "en gines ' worlced was to make use of the steam simply to fill a spare and then evacu ate it in order to let the atmosphere act, and had no reference to the expansive force of steam as a vapor. On such a principle an engine could not be built to suit the fast stroke required in modern manufacture, and, moreover, it was attended with enor mous waste of water. The cylinder had to be heated and cooled with every stroke. It was this problem which remained for Watt to solve. WATT LED TO INVESTIGATE. Watt was a maker of mathematical in struments at Glasgow. He had considerable trade at the University there, and acquired from his associations a considerable knowl edge of scientific principles ot his day. A friend suggested to him the problem of try ing to save fuel in the use of the engine. As earlv as 1759 the idea seems to have oc curred to him that if this problem could be successfully solved steam could be readily applied as a force in locomotion. It was with this idea in mind, rather than the in vention of any stationary engine for use in the manulacturing arts, that he started upon his series of investigations. After considerable difficulty he secured a working model of the Newconien engine then in use (1759), but it was not until after six years of oatient effort (1765) he btruck on the right principle. His first endeavors were directed toward the fuel-saving problem, but at this time the expansive lorce of steam vapor seems to have occurred to him as a motive power. He at once threw overboard all idea of the alternate heating and cooling of the cylin der for each stroke. This new idea led him to close both ends of the cylinder the idea of a double steam stroke. In 1769 he took out his first patent described as designed for the saving of luel in steam engines. One named Roebuck aided his early efforts. He was the owner of mines which had been flooded by water, ana aided for his own sal vation. Bui in 1772 a crisis came on, and Boebuck failed. Among his assets was this interest in Watt's invention. A capitalist aud iron manufacturer of Birmingham named Boulton was among his creditors. After personal examination, be thought the idea was good, and, to the joy of the other creditors, be agreed to take this interest as his share of the assets. ONE FORTUNATE INVENTOE. Watt then removed to Birmingham, and the engine took the name of the Bo ul ton Watt engine. Two years after (1774) the engine was in working order, and from the successful experiments conducted, it was widely known, and was coming rapidly for- f ward. Uraers oegan to pour in in advance. In 1775 the patent was extended to 1800, and in 1776 the first order was filled. Tbe orders came in rapidly especially from Cornish mine owners. Then came an order for use in a grist mill, and it rapidly worked into other manufacturing uses. It was not until 1785, however, that profits be gan to be realized, but a: this time they were getting very large, and by 1800 a con siderable fortune had been realized. Watt continued his efforts until 1819', when he died. In his business success he presents an exception to the ordinary run of inventors, lor he left a large fortune. He seems from the first to have had a clear con ception of his objective purpose. He un derstood the principles of the later inven tions and seems to have known that steam could be successfully applied in navigation. Many had tried to solve the problem and failed, but he seems never to have doubted its ultimate success. The atmospheric en gine had been tried, but was lound too clumsy. As soon as the perpendicular stroke'of the engine bad been turned into a rotary motion the successful application of steam to locomotion was assured. Watt did not try himself to solve this problem, but he suggested the possibilities and encouraged the efforts made. In the period 1787-1800 many trials were made in Eugland and America. When Pulton made bis invention he purchased a Boulton-Watt engine, brought it to New York, and used it on the Hudson. Fulton made the invention, but the principle and idea lived belore hint Watt started with the idea that steam could be used for loco motion on land by using a sort of carriage on ordinary roads. In Cornwall an .attempt was made to draw coal cars in this way, and though it bad some success, it bad not enough to justify its use. Even before this time the miners in Cornwall had laid wooden rails, sometimes covered with iron straps. It seems strange, indeed, that the connection between these rails and the steam engine should remain unnoticed for 40 years. "WATT'S GEEATEST TEOTTBLE seems to have been in procuring models to teat his work at the different periods in his progress. This illustrates well tlie state of the mechanical arts in those days. He needed lor his purpose a cylinder with cir cular perpendicular sides. But the ma chinists of that day could not produce such a thing steam tight. The invention and construction of these greatly delayed his work, and hampered his efforts. To-day any sort of model is easily turned out by thousands of expert machinists. The early use and application of steam power is another instance in which England got a great start over the other countries. We have alreadv noticed the crippled state of France just abont to start in her revolu tionary path, and the wretched and hopeless condition of the rest of Europe. As late as 1810 only 16 engines were at work in France in the mines aud the steam engine was not applied to the cotton industry until 1812. Prnssia. one of tbe most advanced of the German States, though she had engines, was no tin. a position to nse them effectively until 1830, and down to 1809 they were little used in the United States. The accompanying table is intended to show the dates ot the important inventions of the period. Thoufh coming separately and independently, they acted and reacted on each other in a complex way. The intro duction of steam had a wonderful effect on the iron manufacture and the cotton and woolen industries, and the latter in turn had produced great effect on tbe former, in the great increase in the use of iron and ma chinery. It simply illustrates the fact that every great improvement works in wide circles, and that its eflects and results are olten shown as much without the circle of its immediate application as within it. Years. 174017,300 tons iron produced. 1737 Iron melted by coal at Coalbrookdale. 1759 Watt at work on tbe steam engine. 1764 Imports of raw cotton 3.900,000 pounds. 176H Pig iron converted into bar iroi by coal. 17t9 Arkwright takes out hi pat ml and Watt patents bis condensing engine. 1770 Hargreaves patents tbe "tipinaing Jenny." 1771-75 Im orts of raw cotton 4.7C0.00I pounds. 177-Watt sells the first engine. 1777 Cast iron bridge at Coalbrookd lie. 1770 Urompton patents the "mnle jinny." 1785 Imports of raw cotton 18,400.C0 pounds. 1783 Steam blast in full w-e in ip-n manu facture: Iron production 61,3 JO tons three-fourths made by coal. 1792 Imports of raw cotton 33,400,00) pounds. 1796 Iron production 125,000 ton. 1S00 Imports of raw cotton 56,000,000 pounds. 1S0I Power loom at work. 1808 Iron production 250,000 tons. 18U7 Fulton's steamboat. l&S-Hot air blast used. THE EVILS OP TIPPING, One of tbe Greatent of Small Nuisance the Country Has. Hew York Evening Snn.l America is a growing country Sn every respect. Cities grow, literature g. ows, art is sprouting, but most luxuriant of all are our nuisances. Our great nuisance., are be ing grappled with more or less sncc.ssfnlly, but our small ones flourish unduly. Take that of "tipping," for instijnee. There is no greater small nuisanct in the whole history of nuisances than thi. and if it is not taken care of immediately )nd en ergetically it must result in our beci ming a nation of bankrupts. Just look the tipping evil squarely in the face for a moment. It is an individual at tempt to pay wages to the who.e com munity. Tou enter a restaurant, call fervour lunch, and at its conclusion pay the waiter from 10 to 15 per cent of the amount of yonr check for doing bis work properly or im properly, as the case may be. You hire a cab and ride a few mil's, and as a reward, possibly for keeping his horse alive, or to pay him for the wear aid tear upon his feelings induced by the language he has been compelled to nse in the coarse of events, you tip the driver, yon give what the Frenchman calls a "for-drink" in addi tion to his fare, to which he has himnelf, in all probability, added some 20 or 30 percent for the sake of his family. What a ridiculons custom it is worse than ridiculous, ic is criminal becnuse it subjects the poor man who cannot aflord to throw his money away to bad service at din ner, to vile abuse from bis cab driver. Carry the system to its logical conclusion: How you would ridicule a member of Congres who dared propose that the Presi dent of the United States be handed a check f )r $10,000 at the end of his term as a re ward for doing what he has been already paid for doing. What a preposterous notion it would be to require members of a church congrega tion to tip the organist, choir, sexton and rector himself at the conclusion of divine service, because they had done their duty well. Do you ever tip the salesman at the collar and cuff store because he has not insisted upon yonr wearing linen four sizes too large and a season or twooo late? Do you ever add anything to the total of your plumber's bill because Jie has served you well ? Are vou ever tempted to pay yonr coal dealer 6 a ton for coal when the market is at $5 50? Do not shoulder the responsibilities of the restaurant and hotel keeper yourself, and if you have any money to spare save it, devote it to charity "or give it to yonr wife. Have you ever been so far out of your mind as to send a bonus to your tailor? Probably not; but there would be quite as much reason in your doing one aud all of these things as there is in giving your cab driver his "for-drink" or in bribing the waiter in the restanrant not to drop tbe but ter iu your lap and pour yonr coffee down your neck. If you do not wish to incur financial rain, stop tipping. If you tip waiters because you think they are underpaid, start a movement to seenre better wages for them. How He Would Treat a Burglar. From the Lewlston Journal. The report of a daring burglary started a talk about robbers and such unpleasant things, around the table the other day. "What would you do if you should wake up and find a burglar in yonr chamber?" I asked Doughby. "I should pass him my wallet and my watch and beg him to leave the room," said he. "But suppose you had a loaded revolver under vonr pillow." "I should pass him the revolver too," replied Doughby, with obvious sincerity. Marie a Forcible Impression. London Tit-Bits. She (softly) I shall never forget this night and this ball. He (tenderly) Tell me why? She And that last waltz. He You delight me! She And vou! He You entrance me! Then I have im pressed you? She (more softly than ever) Yes! You've about smashed two of my toes! Sweetness and Light. London Tlt-Blts.1 "I know we are poor, dear pana," said Evelvn, nestling her head against his shonlder, "but Athelstane is brave and hope'ul, and he says that love will make a way." "I know it will, "said old Hyson, grimly; "it's made away with six tons of parlor coal and 5 worth of gas since Christmas, and it's next winter that's worrying me." Tbe Habits of Oar Cotemporarlei. The Epoch.; Foreman (New York daily) We need one column more to fill out the second page. City Editor That so? How mafy inter views with Channcey Depew are in? Foreman Only one. City Editor Oh, well, run in another; his glass leg hasn't been mentioned in two days. The Flutter at Hajtl. General Invalidity (of the Haytian army) Whad jer want? U. S. 'Naval Officer We want redress? General Invalidity Cain't git it yere, chile. I's wearin' d' only hull o'mplete unifohm on d' lslan'. Judge. H :r IN POLITE SOCIETY. Mrs. Sherwood Answers a Kumber of Questions Abont Etiquette. . . WHEN TO WEAR TEA GOWNS,- Some Valuable Hints About Dinners and Other Matters- HOW TO GET IXT0 GOOD SOCIETY. rWBimS TOB THE DISPATCH.! BOX a number of questions I select the following this week: Asxiocs Cttbass. There is no reason why a lady shonld not ha addressed with her own initials If her hus band is living. An swer Mary Smfth,, . "Mrs. Mary Smith, "Mrs." being simply-. contraction of mis tress. It is not ont of. place to call a single woman "Mrs." Tbe Englisn writers did it as "Mistress Margery" in the old plays, etc "Florence Faille" writes: "I would lite to be informed If upon receiving cards, one wbich. says, 'Mrs. John Smitb, at home December 28 . from i to 7,' another inclosed saying, .'Mrs. John Smith, Tuesdays in January, if it is necessary after attending receotion to also call upon oue of the Tuesdays in January. Also, in sending cards to a mdther and daughter must there be a card addressed to each one, separately, or can it be Mrs. Smith and family or Mrs. Smith and daughters?" - - Address your card "Mrs. Smith, the Misses Smitb," and send on her day. It is not incum bent on you to call on Tuesdays after the re ception; thev are merely added on to the invi tation to give those an opportunity of calling who could not get to the reception; "Violet" asks "if it fs proper to usa a tea . gown in the evening." No; it is not. Jn.En gland ladies sometimes wear a very smart tea enwn when dining alone with their husbands, but tbey would not wear one to receive evening company. A reader asks "tho latest thing in evening dress." This is an almost impossible question to answer. Young ladies wear lieht materials, with no sleeves and neck cut V shape. Mar ried ladies wear brocades and satins, with per haps some drapery abont tbe neck and arms, but the stylesare endless to a fashionable dress- "Mrs". C." would like to know whether a widow should continue to use her husband's initials or her own Christian name. This Is a mooted point In our country. If she bas a son who bears his father's name she should use her own Christian name todistinguish herself from her son's wife. In England she would be "Dowager Lady Ely," or "Mrs. Margaret Ely." People differ in their opinion on this point. It would be impossible to decidn it. A BOY'S cttli. dbess. "Xovice" asks: "What is full dress for a boy of 16?" A ronnd jacket and collar and high hat at Eton, a Prince Albert frock coat and derbvbat in America. It shonld depend on his size and looks. Keep to tbe round jacket and collar as long as you can; it is so very pretty. "Inquirer" asks: "What is the custom or etiquette when an expectant bride receive! many presents? The wedding has been several times postponed has been indefinitely post poned. Shall tbe presents be retnrned to tbe donors!" Yes; It an engagement is broken the wedding presents are all returned. "Ignoramus" asks if a full dress suit is proper for New Year's day or afternoon calls. Never, in this country. In Paris it would be ' proper for New Year's calls. A Reader No one says "Yes, ma'am, no, ma'am" aa longer except to the Queen of England. Every one answers her with that old fashioned formula. Say simply ye or no. You can make it re spectful by the inflection of your voice. "Elmo" asks if, after ber marriage her wed ding having been strictly private it would be proper to send cards to young gentlemen whom she has known before her marriage. Of course, if she desires to continue the ac quaintance. The question is also asked when shonld new comers in Washington call on the official la dies. It is etiquette in Washington for the new comer to call first, or it is proper to call on tbe days noticed In the nepapers. C. W. D. asks: "If a lady presides at a pnblio meeting how shonld she be addressed, etc, '.Mrs. President" or "Miss Chairman?" Neither; she sbonld be addressed by her name. Videttk. Lead your cards. "Mrs. Mackenzie" writes: "How shall my guests go into dinner; do I go first?" No; the host goes first, with tho lady to whom, the dinner is given. Tbe hostess always last, with tbe principal gentleman guest. All tho gnests should bave tneir places marked by a card, and in the hall or anteroom each gentle man should find the card indicating which lady he is to take to dinner. AS TO DICKERS. "Mrs. Mackenzie" also asks: "How long should a dinner be?" It is not kind to keep guests over two hours at dinner. Tne French dinner rarely lasts more thm nun hnnr If. 1ft hMtpr tn rl a ftor fh "dessert and serve coffee in the drawing room. in some nonses smoKinx is aiiowea in tne dining room, in others a smoking room Is apart from tbe rest of tbe bouse. The practice of the ladies retiring first is an English one the Russians and French consider it barbarous. It i, however, the custom in tbe best houses of New York and Boston and Washington, and it isa question II tne ladies do not like it as well as the gentlemen. Tbey enjoy a little chat by themselves. So many questions refer to tbe same subject that we may as well group them. At least ball the questions refer to the great topic: ''How shall we get into society?" It is a curious phase of the present condition of American, etiquette that certain people seem to imagine that society is a room with a door, wbich 13 closed with a Cbubb lock, and If tbey can only get tbe combinations of that lock thev can get into society. It is more like a fort defended with great guns. One needs tact, good manners and often mncb assistance to get Into society. Still, as a fortres is no stronger than its weak est point, so tnere are many weaic points in society where a skillful strategist can strike a' blow. Those get In who often might better have been kept ont. We are on a sliding scale in America. No one knows with thorough, exactitude where he stands. Socially, where he 13 to-day be may not be to-morrow. The. social aspect of New York changes every ten vears. It a person have a sumption, arrogance, pretense, be may assume to be a great person, and may by his manner Lnrt the feelings of some modest person. We call such a persona "snob," and be deserves the odious name, yet be may be a social expert and prove a very gieat hindrance to any modest person's en trance in society. :.. HffW TO TELL A LADY. , The lady who is fully satisfied as to her birth . and breeding, who has bad respectable ances. tors, and who has always lived in the best so. clety, is never afraid to bow first, to call first, and to treat even one with kindness. She knows that courtesy is the most beautiful of virtues, that politeness is one of the most Christian of graces. She never insults anybody. But ber next door neighbor, who may. although rich, bave very poor Dlood in ber veins, and who may not be at all sure in ber own mind that she de serves to be in society she will affect to not know those whom she had once known: she will ignore her own past; she will make (t diffi cult for tbe modest newcomer to succeed; she is a vulgar snob, no matter where she happens to stand in the ranks of fashion. "To get on in society." involves much that aannot ba written down, that it i imnnsslble to formulate in rules. It is quite safe to say, how ever much you may wish to succeed, do not push, ao not do anything which betrays a lack of self-respect. Do your part toward getting well iiitroduced,andtben do all you can toward tbe pleasures of your cet aud leave the rest to fate. Some people are always laughed at. Some are wrongfully put down. Some are mysteri ously successtul. No one can tell why, but cer tain it is that no one loses anything by a mod est, serene courtesy, a civility which never flags and a good temper, a willingness to put the best construction and Interpretation upon tbe attitude of society. For many of the so called "slights wbich patient merit of tbe on worthy takes" comes from an overcrowded so cial lite. A popular person, a social leader, eoon becomes a person of many engagements, and: with much more toda than she can do prop- erlv. We would say to the neophyte in siciety, forgive such a person a long time foranj seeming incivilitj; remember that she cannot always bave time to attend to you. Nor is she always able to remember a new face. Therefore be not afraid to impress jourself on such a per, son bvyour excellent manner", your readiness " to forgive, and by acts of civility that are So modestly offered that they cannot be called pushing. These acts.will never be mistaken for snob bery if neither of you are snobs. The same gentlemen, with a proper modesty,, assume that it is not their place to bow to a lady unless they have been introJurcd and nn less she has bowed to them, but here tbey are. wrong. The mistake may arise from too great repect, but it is a mistake; a lady is never offended if a gentleman raises his bat to her. -She is offended, and properly so, if she is re--ceivingat any public place we will say the White House and he passes her without bow ing, which be ought to do. It has the sanction otSIr Walter Raleigh., M. E. W. SHESWOOO. ft i ! ,N