LADIES' DEPARTMENT.
TVoia>a la lh ■.<>> An.
f In the essay on "Women in the
Fourteenth Century," we read some
things which, in view of the omission
of the word "obey" recently from the
marriage service of the Methodist
church, may be read with interest,
peaking of a "Hook for Women," by
one Geoffrey de La Tour Landry, in
the early period referred to, Prof.
Wheeler says;
Wifely ol>edience is pushed to ex
treme (In tho btok). Three mer
chants laid a wager that each had the
most dutiful wife. The test should be
"leping" into a basin of water. Then
they went to their homes, one after the
other. The tirst wife refused to leap,
and her husband "up with his fust,
and gave her two or three grat strokes"
in the presence of the other merchants.
The second wife also refused, and her
lord Iteat her with a staff. Tho third
lady misunderstood an order io bring
salt for a command to leap upon the
table where they were all feasting,
and, being lettcr bred than the other
obeyed the order as she under
it, leaped upon the table, and
{lit it down with u crash. The
x was declared won, without ap
to the basin experiment. "And
so ought everi good woman do the
commandment of her husband, be it
evil or well; for yef he hiddeher thing
that she aught not to do it is his
shame."
A Lfirnrtl %Voman*
The life of Miss Anna Sutton, re
cently published in England, presents
a character which it is more easy to
admire than to imitate. She was born
In the province of Ulster, Ireland, in
1791, and died in 1881. At 20 years
of age, having previously received only
a rudimental education, she found a
Latin grammar, and forthwith at
tempted to master it She learned the
language, and read all the chief clas-
Next she took up Greek and read
tALNew Testament, Homer, and such
works as fell in her way. |
pMQprh. Italian, Hebrew, Arabic, and
Cnkldalc followed, and when passed 80 1
years of age she astonished a learned
descendant of Abraham by conversing
with him in Hebrew. After the age
|f 70 she lost her eyesight and learned
to read the books for the blind printed
In raised letters. She was a devoted
member of the Methodist communion
md a "class leader" till within a year
sf her death. She, of course, must
have had an extraordinary aptitude for
anguages. Still, her example shows
JOW much more than is sup|>osed the
kverage mind is capable of doing, in
my direction to which the taste may
ML
wL
!>■!* of A Woman to H* a
is a thing girls cannot af-
IWicncjr is a thing which ean-
OToe lost and found. No art can
estorc to the grape its bloom. Fatnil
irity without love, without confidence,
ithout regard, is destructive to a!|
lat makes woman ennobling.
"Tae world i* wide, these thing* are small;
They m be nothing, but they are all."
Nothing? It is the first duty of a
oman to be a lady. Good breeding is
Dod morality. Awkwardness may be
teradicable. Hash fulness is constitu
onal. Ignorance of etiquette is the
suit of circumstances. All can be
tndoned, and do not banish man or
Oman from the amenities of their
nd. But self-possessed. unshrinking
td aggressive coarseness of demeanor
ay be reckoned as a state prison of- j
Bee, and certainly merits that mild
rm of restraint called imprisonment
r life. It is a shatno for women to
dftfcured on their manners. It is a '
that they need it. Women
| umpires of society. It is they
■ whom all mooted points should be
Berred. To lie a lady is more than
■ lie a prince. A lady is always, in
B 1 rights,inalienably worthy of r spect
B a lady, a prince and peasant alike
Bw. The natural sentiment of man
women is reverence. A man's
Bal is not wounded when a woman ,
■s In worldly wisdom; hut if in
in tart, in sentiment, In delica
■ln should lie found
Bnttng. he receives an inward hurt
Hamilton.
I aah Inn .I*l aa.
Bluffs are very small.
lace is very fashionable.
back" skirts are no lunger
liray in all shades grows in fashlon-
Bomhinat.ion costumes remain in
fashionable favor.
Hkks for children have the long.
cape, or the long
eape, as in former season*.
Hhitdren's dresses are still made very
with these dresses very long j
Bl lose are worn at this season.
Brocades are not suitable for young ;
girls. They should wear evening
dresses of soft Surah, veiling, or tulle.
Velveteen dresses are popular for
little girls not yet in their teens, being
warm, durablo, and very rich in ap
pearance.
There are no absolute rules in fash
ion as formerly; people nowadays fol
low their own individual fancy within
certain limitations.
Girls in their teens wear the sailor
hut off telt with a broad ribbon tied
around ii with a bow, and floating
ends in the back.
Children wear wool hose this sea
son, and in shades darker than the
dress, rather than the pale-colored or
black silk hose of the summer.
Evening gloves are of undressed
kid, in soft, pale tints, and reach to the
elbow or to the shoulder. With the
very long glove no sleeve is worn.
For very young ladies evening
dresses are made of cream or white
blonde, over cream satin, nnd thickly
studded with pearl nnd crystal beads.
The sealskin casaque, tight fitting
and closed the whole length of the
front, Is very handsome ami is in favor
among those ladies who can afford it
Sealskin jackets in the jersey style
but quite short and untrimmed, are
more popular with young ladies than
the long sealskin sacque of former
years.
Hound hats with both square and
conical crowns, and both rolled and
straight brims, are used by young and
middle-aged ladies for street and vis
iting wear.
The full lace waistcoats of evening
basques are frequently studded with
silver, pearl, gilt, or colored lieads, both
large and small, and in a variety of
shapes.
Louis XIII. costumes are even more
popular this season than last, but the
surp;tHsing richness of the new material
admits of more gorgeous and striking
effects.
Sealskin rcdingotes are double
breasted, Jersey backed, and closed
both bank and front. They are
trimmed with IMrectoire collar of sea
otter or black fox.
Large vigogne cloaks of the color of
the dress and lined with quilted satin
of a shade of the sameculor or checked
in the colors of the dress ami bonnet,
are lieing worn by Parisians.
When Valenciennes lace is used it is
put on in full frills, pleated waistcoats,
and wide jaliots. while the flounces and
trimmings of Durhe*mr and point <U
Venice are almost invariably quite
scant.
The French are trimming satin cir
culars in gray with chinchilla; in gold
en brown, with red fox: when blue or
brown, with the light and dark shades
of natural In-aver, or gray lynx of the
blue-gray shades.
Tunies are made of woolen broclie
fabrics, while the skirt is of plain bison
or paillaason, and the basque and short
Jtipr, if there is one, arc made of still
another broche, frequently of contrast
ing color.
Standard of Ed neat I on.
According to ltuskin, an educated
man ought to know these things: First,
where he is—that is to say, what sort
of a world he has got into; how large
it is, what kind of creatures live in it,
and how ; what it is made of, anil what
may Ire made of it. Secondly, where
he is going- that is lo say, what chan
ces or reports there are of any other
world Iteside this ; what seems to be
the nature of that other world. Third
ly. what be had best do under the cir
eiiinstances--that is to say, what kind
of faculties he possesses; are the
present state and wants of mankind;
what is his place in society ; and what
are the readiest means in Ida power of
attaining happiness ami diffusing it-
The man who knows these things, and
who hw his will so subdued in the
learning of them that lie is ready to
<lo what he knows he ought. Is an ed
nested man ; and the man who knows
them not is uneducated, though he
could talk all the tongues of Ilabhl.
Ktepplnr-Htoae* to Snores*.
Learn your business thoroughly.
Keep atjone thing -in nowiserhange.
Observe system and order in all you do
and undertake;
He self-reliant; do not take too much
nlvice, but rather de|>end on yourself.
Never fail to keep your appoint'
menu, nor to be punctual to the min
ute
Never t>e idle but keep your hands
or mind usefully employed except when
sleeping.
Tse charity with all; tie ever grner
ous in thought nnd deed—help others
along life's thorny path.
Make no haste to be rich; remember
that small and steady gains give com
latency and tranquility of inlnd.
Never put off till to morrow what
you can do to-day, and never trouble
others with your coin plaints.
WHAT KIBfUH COST.
TH Kipanar of Maintalnlna Monarch,
an Thrlr TfertßM.
It is interesting lo compare the ex.
pense of maintaining a monarch on a
throne, and that of supporting a Pres
ident in the executive chair of a Re
public.
For many years the salary of the
President of the United .States was
♦'2.1,000 a yttnr. This sum, indeed, did
not represent the entire cost to the
country of the executive offlce. The
White House was sup|>orted, to some
extent, from tho public purse; and
there were sundry other sums s|x;nton
the President's olllce. The salary of
tho President was raise. 1 to $.10,000 a
year during Gen. Grant's term, and
continues at that figure; and the whole
expense to-day of the Presidential
office is probably something less than
♦ I(>t),000 yearly.
The cost of kingships in the various
monarchies of Europe is much greater,
in the smaller nations. The sovereigns,
in the old days, used to spend pretty
much what they pleased out of the
public revenue. Tliey were mostly al>-
solute, and would impose taxes at will,
and so raise an indefinite income for
their own display and pleasure. This
is still the case with the Czar of Hus
sia whose expenditures are never re
ported and cannot be estimated. The
.Sultan of Turkey, too, has |iower to
raise all the taxes he can squeeze out
of his impoverished and indolent sub
jects, and cannot be called to account
for his sjiendtngs. Hut in all other Eu
ropean monarchies the sovereign is re
stricted. Absolute despotism with
them has l>een replaced by constitu
tional systems. The Km]>eror or King
can only s|>end what is voted to him by
the Parliament or Congress. A ilex ice
new to this century, called the civil
list, lias been adopted by nearly every
monarchial country, and also by the
French Republic. The civil list is de
signed to provide the sovereigns with
a fixed income. It comprises a nurn
ler of items, or heads of expenditure;
and these are discussed and passed
upon each year by the several legisla
tive liodies. Of course, each sovereign
lias a greater or smaller private prop
erty of his own as a family inheritance;
with which his subjects have nothing
to da The revenues he receives from
the civil list, therefore, are what might
lie called his salary in his public ca
pacity, ami by no means show what
his entire income is. The English civ-
II list, for instance, provides Queen
\ ictoria with an income of about two
million dollars.
Germany provides the veteran Em
peror William xxith a civil list of about
three million dollar* ; which it must
le difficult for a monarch so frugal and
simple in his tastes and habits to get
rid of in the course of a year. His
private property moreover, adds at
least a million to that vast sum.
King Humliert of Italy's civil list is
three million eighty thousand dollars a
year, somewhat larger than that of the
German Emperor; while young Alfon
so of Spain has only nlmtit a million
and a half, so impoverished are the
people of his historic kingdom.
The lesser nations are, of course,
more economical. The sovereign of
Denmark has a civil list allowance of
two hundred and seventy-live thousand
dollars a year; which, however. Is
three times what our President costs.
The King of Holland gets three hun
dred thousand dollars, and the King of
Greece two hundred and twenty thou
sand dollar*.
Thus it is evident that, without re
gard to any other a*|<ect of the differ
ence Iretween monarchies and repub
lics, at least the former Is much tho
more costly luxury of the two to the
masses of the people who have to pay
the biila
Distributing the Surplus Revenue.
I A corrcsjmndent of the N. Y.Trihun*.
t who remembers receiving as a girl from
> her father the surplus revenue of the
National Treasury, desire* to know in
i what way < ongresedistrihuted the sur
i plus, how much there was of It, etc.
In June, 180F>, a law was passed pro
viding that the surplus remaining in
the Treasury on January 1, 1837, above
♦7,-100 000, should l>o deposited with
the States in four quarterly Instal
ments In proportion to their represen
tation in Congress, subject to recall un
der certain conditions in case of ne
cessity. Three instalments, aggrega
ting $28,000,000, were thus deposi
ted. hut owing to change of senti
ment and a decreasing revenue, the
fourth instalment was first postponed
and finally withheld by Act of Con
gress. "Some of the States," says Mr.
Wharton Barker in a pamphlet lately
published on the distribution of the
National surplus, "used their shares
well and wisely. In some their inter
eft still continues to defray the expen
ses of the public schools. New Hamp
shire illustrated extreme democratic
principles by distributing the money
among her citizens."
I
IfCR.HINU THE HICK.
Mom* Uoml Advlcr I* til* Alt*nUtnl
or Titos* who or* lit.
To minister to the sick, says All Uu
Ymr Uuuml, in one of the noblest am
bitions of the present age, as evinced
by the number of people who volun
tarily devote themselves to such duties,
independently of the calls of affection
or considerations of reward. To bo a
good nurse requires a rare combination
of excellencies in the same individual
—intelligence, physical strength, a
kind disposition with firmness, a light
hand and foot, courage greater thau
that whkh animates the soldier on the
battlefield, and, above all. untiring
patience. Given these, and the nurse
becomes more than half the remedy,
not only inspiring confidence on the
part of the patient, but the surgeon or
physician also, who can rely that bis
instructions will In: carried out with
implicit obedience to the letter. Such
a paragon, however, is rarely to be met
with, except as an emissary from one
or another of those udmirablc institu
tions where ladies are trained under
skilful management for this work;
and in the vast majority of cases an
invalid is placed in the hands of his
immediate friends or relations, who,
with the Imst intentions, it must be
confessed, often prejudice his comfort
ami retard his recovery by the very
over-anxiety which is bred of affection.
The object of this paper is not to con
vey the instructions necessary for the
education of an accomplished nurse ~a
diflicult task—but to enumerate a few
small points which should lie avoided,
as tending greatly to the discomfort of
the patient, ami for the guidance of
those who, without previous experi
ence, find themselves suddenly thrust
into tips most responsible |osition.
Quietude in a great thing, of course,
hut real quietude means the absence
of all excitement, and it must l>e re
membered that anything out of the
common will tend to excite the inind of
a sufferer. Im not, therefore walk on
tiptoe, for this, in addition to its un
usual eialxiration of th<* gait, invaria
bly causes a certain amount of creak
ing. Speak in low tones, but don't
whisj>er; a whisper will often awake a
sleeper who would not lie disturlied by
ordinary conversation: and never say
"Hush!" Let your clothes and foot
covering ie of as noiseless and unob
trusive a character as jmsii>le, and in
stead of gliding ami tottering alxiut
like a rickety ghost, do not hesitate to
walk. If you have occasion to say any
thing In the room, say it no that the
patient ran hear it if he wishes, andd"
not let hint lw* aware of your conspir
ing privately with the others, especial
ly at the door. That door has much to
answer for. If it be visible from the
last, people open it rautiounly.put their
heads in and slowly withdraw- again.
If, as is more frequently the case, it is
screened by the bod curtains, mysteri
ous opening-* and shuttings are heard,
unattended with any apparent ingress
or egress and aotto voce colloq'iies go
on outside. When you enter do ao
honestly and at once; do not spend
live minutes in turning the handle,
like a housebreaker, thereby producing
a series of irritating little clicks, final
ly terminating In a big snap, with
which the door flies open. If the latch
be at all rusty, a handle that is slowly
wound bark in this way will often
stink, and either require to lie rattled
hack into position, or. if left as it is.
may start bark suddenly, after a time,
of its own accord, with a re [sir t like a
pistol shot It always well to recol
lect that it by no means follows that a
sick jerson is asleep because his eyes
are shut; he may lie acutely- conscious
of all that is passing in the room,
though unable or unwilling to make
any sign; and nothing can lie more
maddening under such circumstances,
than to have people hush-sh-shing and
whispering around and creaking about
on the tljis of their toes.
Never aland at the foot of the I>ed
and look at the patient While talk
ing to him. it iii Ix-tter to sit by the
aide of the lied, and at near the pillow
a possible, so that yon may converse
easily, while your face and body are
turned in the same direction as his.
liy this means you can make all neces
sary observation of hia features with
out enforcing the arrest of his eyes to
your own. which is so embarrassing
and disagreeable to ono lying in bed,
and Is almost unavoidable when facing
him. Keep him in as comfortable a
position as possible, by all means, but
don't be too demonstrative in smooth
ing the pillows and little offices of that
sort Fidgety attentions will worry
him, and do him more harm than
downright neglect.
Why Urnera! Sheridan Walks.
• ien. Sheridan never wants a
carriage for himself. He never uses
one in Washington if he can avoid it
If the day is line he walks If not, he
ridea in a street car. When Ida war
horse, Winchester, died,
ago, says the Washington*/Pwt, Mi
*ove for horseflesh went out of him,
A gentleman who knew him well in
boyhood says that the first time fiber!-
dan ever bestrode a horse was when
another boy put him on a fiery colt,urn
saddled and unbridled, and told him to
hold on by his knees. The animal
galloped across the country for several
miles and then came to a halt, and
Sheridan was still holding on.
Newspapers.
Here, now we have it—the newspa
per? Wonderful product of the brain
and toil! One would think that it
should lie dearly bought and highly
prized, and yet it is the thing
in the world. One to five cents will
buy it; one to two dollars will bring
it to your home every week in the
year. And yet, strange to say, there
are inen "too to take u newspa
per. They can pay five cents for a
glass of beer, or ten cents for a ltever
age of unknown composition, called a
"cocktail they can pay half a dollar
for a circus ticket, or twenty-five cents
for the theatre, but they are too poor to
buy a nowspajier, which is a ticket of
admission to the great Globe Theatre,
whose dramas were written by God
himself, "whose scene shifter is Time,
and wh<se curtains are rung down by
Iteath." It is not necessary to sjieak
of mighty res|x>nsihilities which neo*.
essarily attach to the control of such a
power in the land as the newspaper is
to-day, nor to say that the editor who
rightly apprehends the import incc of
his work must hring to it a reverent
spirit and a constant care. The hum
blest sheet in the land goes into some
homes as the only authoritative mes
senger from the great world outside;
its opinions are accepted as truth, and
its suggestions have the force of law.
The editor stands on the widest pulpit
known in modern society. "The law
yer has ;Aiarrow sphere before him ;
the senator and the representative— j
the walls hedge in their voices ; the
minister has the parish walls about his
church. Hut there is a pulpit that has
no limit—it is the I'reas. It is, literal
ly, ttie voice of one that cries in the
wilderness; for ail across the popu
lous land the |aj>ers *|>eak ; and there
is not in modern civili7ation a place or
power that can compare with this." ,
Hev. IteWitl Talmage once said : "In
the clanking of the printing press, as
the sheets fly out, 1 hear the voice of
the Lord Almighty, proclaiming to all
the dead nations of the earth ; 'Laz
arus. come forth !' and to the retreat
ing surge* of darkness; let there be
light !' '* — Tuynjrnjthic if nan wjcr.
Man and the Snn-
< me hundred years ago the diameter
of the sun was four miles greater than
it is at present, tine thousand years
ago the sun was forty miles greater
j than It is at present. Ten thousand
years ago the diameter of the sun was
| l(k mil*s greater than it is now. The
a<lvent of man upon the earth took
place, n J doubt, a long time ago, hut in
the history of the earth the ail vent of
man is a com paratively recent phenom
enon. Yet it seems certain that
when man first trod our planet, the
diameter of the sun must have lieen
many hundreds, |ierhaps many thou
sands of miles greater than it is at
present We must not however.over
estimate the significance of this state
ment The diameter of the sun is at
present 860,0 tH) mile*, so that a dimin
ution of 10,000 miles would be little
more than the hundredth part of Its
diameter. If the diameter of the sun
were to shrink to-morrow to the ex
tent of 10,000 miles the change would
not be appreciable to common observa
tion. though even a much smaller
change would not elude astronomi
cal measurement- The world on which
the primitive man tr<id was certainly
Illuminated by a larger sun than that
which now shines upon ua It does
not necessarily follow that the cli
mate must have been much hotter then
than now. The question of warmth
depends upon other matters as well as
sunlieams, so that we must lie cau
tious in any inferencos drawn in this
way. nor are any such inferencea need
ed for our present purpose.
One he Hadn't Met.
One day a pompous little fellow at
a dinner-table was tmasting of the
great men with whom he was on inti
mate terms. lie had been in constant
corres|Mindence with Ixmgfellow. had
lunched with Tennyson, waa in friend
ly relations with the ITince of Wales,
and in abort, knew everything and
everybody. At length a quiet individ
ual nt the further end of the room
broke in on the conversation with the
question : "My dear air, did you hap
pen to know the Siamese Twins when
they were in this country ?" q ur '
hero, who evidently had a talent for
lylpg. hut no real genius, at once re- ,
plied : "The Siamese Twins, air* Yea I
air. 1 became very intimate with one
of them, but 1 never had the good for- '
tune to meet the other."
f'EAKLM OP TKOVUHT.
Failure should be the sfapping-stoM
lo success.
Who can answer where any road
teal* to?—Lwile.
Stay not until you are told of oppor
tunities to do good; inquire after them.
The l<est rule for good looks is to
keep happy and cultivate a kind dispo
sition.
lie always displeased at what thou
art, if ftiou desire to attain to what
thou art not; for where thou hast
pleased thyself, there thou abides!
Of all the gifts that nature can give
us, the faculty of remaining silent, or
of answering apropos, is perha]M the
most useful.
In enterprise of every kind, it (shel
ter to lose the game by a card too much
than a card too little; for it sounds
letter to rash and daring than tim
orous and cowardly.
Success is obtained by mixing two
parts of common sense with three parts
of will, and stirring both in the bowl
of ambition, with the spoon of perse
verance.
Laziness grow* on people. It l*ginj
in roll welts and ends in iron chains
The more business a man has to do the
more he is aide to accomplish, for he
learns to economize his time.
Oddities In Far.
Some there are, with an abundanoe
of wealth and a thirsting desire for
novelty, who indulge their taste in
oddities. A wealthy New York lady
last season wore a full set of furs of
leopard skin, and not to be
one of her neighltors secured a similar
set of tiger skins, and since then Iwth
of these furs are in moderate use.
The tiger skin rose in price, and one
season alwut two years since the mar
ket was completely exhausted. Some
gentlemen wear vest* of this skin, thus
following the eccentric style adopted
many years ago by the far-famed (Jen
eral Sam Houston, of Texas.
Our common wild cat is much used,
being a handsome fur at nxslcrate pri
ces. As for skunk skins, in Kurope
they are readily sold for trimming
mufls and dresses, but here they must
receive a new christening liefore being
used to an\ considerable extent Some
times they licar the name of the Aus
tralian mink, at others, any name to
suit the fashion.
The fur of the house rat is much
use*! Mark, white. Maltese and tor
toise-shell having the preference. Last
year the fur of over 1,200,000 house
rata w as used by the trade.
Monkey skins are by no means over
looked, and 42,000 skins were used last
season by furriers. The fur of the
Abyssinian Diana and black monkeys
are preferred, they l>eing mostly used
in trimming. In the trimming o! gar
ments ofttimes a most incongruous set
of animals are made to harmonire.
j For instance, monkey, skunk and cats
are all (tide by side in a trimming known
only to purchasers as Ifoang Ho seaL
j The skins of rats, mice, dogs, op pos
sum. kangaroo and buy lynr are sal
able. the latter finding much use in
muffs and boas. The coon hair finds
special favor in Germany, where it is
made into hats, flair of the ox and
calf is used in the imitation of woolea
goods. Our skunk, white backed and
■ sinped, is in Germany dyed and made
up into muffs and N*s, and ao dis
guised we readily buy it as Alaska sa
ble. Tartar sable dyed passes off read-
I ily as ltussian sable, bearded sealskin
finely imitates leopard skin, while the
beach marten copies the sable and fox
j skins pass for lynx. Three million
musk rat skins were collected last year,
( and 15,000 American bear akins and
the same nutnlter of bufTalo robes were
used. Every year there are used
5,000,000 rabbit skins, 6,000,000 squir
rel, •1,000.000 lamb, and there is scarcely
an animal that has hair but what is
used in some way. The beaver sacques
so largely sold in Canada are randy
*en here, as they are deemed 100 heavy
! for this climate.— CiminnaU ,Ve<*.
The Farm.
There are 4.000.000 families In the
I nited states. An exchange wants to
know if anybody can conceive of the
value of even a little improvement on
each one of these farms In a year. It
fays that on every farm there should
be "mora thorough cultivation, better
implements, and above all, better care
taken of them ; better fences, better
barns, better stock, better homes, and
mora home enjoyments, mora social
gatherings, more family picnics, in
which the help are allowed to partic
ipate ; mora products about the farm
for boys and girls to have a person*!
interest in ; more good books and pa
)>ers ; mora smiles and fewer frowns ;
forbearance; leas impatience; more
pleasant words at home ; more time
and sunlight In the parlor, mid no room
about the bouse, nor anything about
the farm too good" for father, moth*