* I'mfrHMtttmil Vtlfh*.
v f u. on vis.
m Mftt • ATT RNET-AT.I.AW.
IJtt font©. Pi.
P OH ■() **iie tin O.'urt uu lb© 21 floor ui
J^^)TiireC©
i M. Keici iLIN i
0 • A rrOKN. Y A r.I.AW,
lli'll.f >n'i\ P.
Omi'inflmiiiVi n. limuum,.
Protu|>| .1 flnt.'uti t" eollmiioli c fllnifl 3IMf
nA.McK.KK,
, ATT iI(\KY \T I. \W.
• ofar* North llltfh elr©©!, w|'|*>*tt© ©unit bone#,
ftcOeiohtr. k*i. b- 4-1 .
H it A tfcSH HEitO Kit, (S^cowwif
• in \ ni A II .fihln'l if r \T f'OSt N r.Y *I •
LAW In UiMiruit 1 oimv, Pi. 624 t
1 K. SCANGLKK.
tl • \rr ntvKY-AT-'.AW.
hki.I.KPMNTK I'cvrut nursr*. P\
.4plnl ftltmitKN to iVtl#riloin; ir* tie* >d ill th
C> i r u, Joii'ilutiuuiln UertMiuur K jtltsb. l-l
Dr. FOK TN KV,
• ATTOUNKY AT-I.AW,
itKi.LeruNri, P>
OflW In Cor*4 linn*©, Altifh -ivtrt*©t
9|ifctal ti*-niiMi Ktv<-n In tli© Kiilttctluu vl cUim
All tiiuiuii Attoitlcii tu tm>m|itl)f Mi
piIAS. P. HEW Ks.
V ATTVJHXVV-\T-T.A\V.
IIKI.L .HI.VIU, IM.
PriitlcM In iH h© O Uct c*onri
ou-*iit f irl' b|lllnf. (mm) i W
1 U.LUVK,
tl •
ATfOKN KY-AT-*. 4 *V.
it. i©r ni© ii. i
Ofllcelnth© room* former Ij iKciijnrd t\ Hi# lit©
H'. P. % llmii* %-'l > 2* If.
■►rUO-MAS .1. Met;l LL<iu.il
H| JL Ari iitNi.t Ai i >.
K p.lki Ip.nt Krt. PA.
Ufficf IM All^rt Uiiii'D i'UlMiiii, !!■*• • •in
•
v 41 My
D. I. HAITI U. W. 9 HAKIII.
HASTINGS & lIKEDKK,
ATTMIISMC .1 I.AW
I;k!.> I KnN i'K. PA
Otttc© on Allrghptn *frrpt,' > • >-t i ill* a*
flc© crii|tip<l lii lite linn .! ii'i um i ll.mli' if*--
WIUUH 4. 4UICi I>IVIH USUI,
limilT r vfuLl'T ILLUM L VALUCI.
, \AT ALL. AUK A Kit FN to,
' L.\H AMit OLUfci II >N Ot'FICR
Jnmi.rj I. Ivll. CI.AAUHI.LI> PA
i;i.us L. ORV IS,
I-A AIT'IRNKY AT LAW.
NKFTCR nppAr4lt#the Conrl Uuum, on lb© fld fl'~*r
A. O F>ir-t's t||| ting
C. T. ALAXtADftfc o. * ■ ©ow*
\ LEXANDER A ROWER,
1 V ATT'>IIN I*f1 L' W.
Boilefoct©, PA., in*? f© r> rsiilt,<| hi Kn„'lih or 1o
hun. Om © in ri.ul tin* l-!j
M mi 4 t\ru. J. • iLi akPuni.
4 I >KA VKK fi OK I'll A KT,
1.1) ATC'iKM'.Vr AT I.AW,
" "D \lWh"oy itrmt, nurtli oi llijrh Il*!!r
m
C. HEINLE,
I ' I ATYUUNKV \T ! AW
BLI.I.KniNT*, PA.
!**< 4wr to lb© t©fi In tb© Cvwi t 11 a.• ltl
/ ILE IK.N I DAI E,
i h.i. i •. i-. r
Otftr*' N" W corner { ii*u • I, |w l .If ||rt
6V
r r o. aiPPLK,
X • Artonsrv AT law
U '.K IIA V ICX P.A
All bnoin**©*pr>mptl> uiukl •; t*. I i>
uri I'. MITCHELL,
PIIACTICAI. nLUYKYOR,
L'K.k lIAfK.N. PA ,
Will itt©nd to nit wurh in tWII' i l, * < blr*> md
■ ttwi
OiMc© .pi-H-'t© IIH*II lln' B Ni% •'*! 'lniK 41-1)
\ViLLU M MuCUL
J ' ' A TTOKN K > AT LAW.
I
prnin|illy *l>r*>;..l i... I I)
K
<)illL'© In onr* I It* l. fp F'Ot->pf
Afl w. • # HKI.LKK 'NT . I'A
' * <!•*■ *i islif©n to .'♦urt.- rj
Cb r -1. I v-t '
Dlt. J AS. 11. HO | J WINS, M. I).,
ftl I'SHCfI lA ANU Al H>,!.>>X.
OlBc A11..L.11) At..ot.r Kfigl. r . t'ru. Alnr#.
HKI.I.LPO TK. PA
nK. J. W. RHONE, Dentist,uu
f'Miod it lib ;-iß,m tkwi • I ucr <>n S-tll.
I© f ili v -?i st nwt tbr©©> >1 >•<!•- i •' i s; •,■
P
K? I'. BL AIH,
A • 4CWKLKH,
• tfrfs %r,
I
tn l*r Br kirHi.rf ll 'w 4-ti
itttnihrHH Cut (If,
(J KM UAUDKK HHoi,
VJ L'u lef Fl l 1 .ti i%l Pink,
IIKa.LI.FIIM' In.,
It. A. Itrrk, imy3*j| I'rojtr.
HA UN ESS MAN UF A CTUK V
In ihrnifto'lMtV Klrk
nrt.LKrosrr. FA. I-i
triEN I'lvE COUN I > UANKIXti
W COWPAAV
■bpiTf In
jjf Au) A A J •a f
lit--
■p * B; I A.II
(k)> JprirttlM,
(ioldmit Conpon*
Jam** 4. Pr©id©nt.
J II IWMsf 4-tf
A 4. PfM*t, 4. r. noii"'i'li'r
I?IRST NATIONAL BANK OJ
J HRLLIir IXTK
Al ' ' AU P*. ♦'
IIFU-on MrFnrliinr .r Co., Urn-thru n lim/rrx.
ZEi .A. IR, ID ~W I |
WILHON, MoFARLANE & CO.
DEALERS IN
STOVES, RANGES * HEATERS.
Paints, Oils, Glass antl Varnishes, |
BIXITIERS' !
-..MMUH.TMM ulu>o,U, I'
I ♦
nihtrf/tolfoii-.
SoSi TUEf Ttitli,
QKMIAUI. In. anil CoMMisfctOJA Agt.,
Bflleliiitt* 1 , I'n.
OIIL © Ih tl "tl A'l'iiH© Ji l ll of.
The luiluAving com|Puuiv rcpreseulctl :
-o- J
I IRE.
1 l?siov Ptiil.rti'lpliia
A M >;KI> AN iu.
(TLLAKUIAN L<>ii'l>>n.
->u.v do. I
WKNTKIIV Turntiiii,
C'oNNH iici r Ilarilord. {
au! t>iU> r.
LIFE.
' r.vviai:iii hint ,v Acci'd Hartford
Mild NLLN-r*.
-0-
Thn rnmmWMnn brniK'b of mv buoin-p.
ii r.'oorinv | >• ■ > i.I nil. niinn. I'r>>|ii>rll..
| • .id In ifiMi l ml mutual', m I hnrii lacili
; tin. I>>r ili-ii"|Pt{ nl h ni-i-, 1MIKI, I'tc., oi j
j -hurt niitico mi'l f.ii n'nlil- i< run
■JI Ctn HON I) VAI.KNTINE
' pENKSYLVAH v IA
STATE .COLLEGE.
Fall t©rm uegint Sep ember 12, 1C63.
Till* !ntltnti'Hi t* i *t..t In mi© of tti< itinl t•©-*ii
I tif'-l ■■••thin! •• tp riillf i* rp^im.
i ta.-r.. i •in; His ' es'ic. slid ufTvn (lie lu>
l<nii ti (,Oll i k* e "it. ') :
I A Fa lOn i it . ui.ri • -.f F-.nr Vftrt,
i. 4 till * i. tlfb Onir— ..I Four Y ,r
1. Ti© I..l|oihi/ PM'l\i..r two ?m
• iCI. f I ll* Hl4 til© d -f IV'I \.• Its o' 111- Hdnil
lr •'.lire© ui AGItiiTLTIKK; (l) NAlUlt.%
lt!"T0i:Y < 111 MINTttY ANDPtIYSICfIaO
CIVIL L V.I N 1.1 KlNii.
1 % ehtirf - P4> I\l. t <tl/It-Kin A cfo ti'tnre.
2. A winiri sPKt'l %L t' t UiK ii Ll i.uj.
3. ACI tssicil ii'd M-nti! I*i• {■ 'st' i) f* tire©.
Wll ifsrt ti ill is re., ♦-•i, I 1 !*©• f>f L-srd ©1
I. *"i-l It- e© y tin*.* I ui*i *' *'1 l.Hw ui
11. '. In k -> .I t • l.lfl lif it v Ff|liO|Ml
Fur CiUl ,i iT* r : }•• r fi. i •i. w • .-.it **Llr> se
U..0 W AT || RTt'N. I'fMIMM,
Sr\i t i i us. < i>tii Cu.. P©
l-CS.If
TMIK CKNTItK DEMOCRAT
BOOK and JOB OFFICI
ALLEGHENY STREET,
BELLE FONTB, l'A.,
I. NOW OPPKRINO
GIIE AT INI) UCEM KN T
TO rilOHli WIMIINO PIIJiT-l LAMS
i'laiu or Fancy Printing
W. havi unii<unl fncilUi'). f.>r priding
LAW BOOKS,
PAM I'll i.ETS.
CAT A I.OH RES,
I'UOO M V El,
SI 1' rUMENTt
CII.CULA KS,
BILL f! BADS,
NO I K iIKAIS,
I I H.N 2.SS CAIiDr
INVITATION CAKI'S,
CAL i"l S IH. VlslTE,
CARDS ON ENVELOPES
ANI) ALL KINDS OF BLANK.'
©SEF-ORDITJ BJ rosilwiil ro .IS ■ PROMJ
I sttaiittnn
ttaT i'rintlriK don- in the !n-t ty!p, m
, .hurt Until - >m! Nt t 1 ■i . w 1 ritln .
Itching Piles Synpionii and Curt
Tlit* mptnni* .if iititi.iutp, likr p-i
•pit itinn, iiitpiiiw m.-liinc. ini-ri MM-il In
•ersOihtPg. vrry 'r ■■mg, |urtiruLi
lv *ll nilllll, M.'l' 111' I- .1 | tl IMI ltu FH
rr* ii.'tr in ni.il uih• it i ri ctiim ; ti .
|inti> p.ris .oiitfiirm* t.|l-. tw.
i ll <ll>)Ai*,i tor itn> i;. V.JV •••ion. r<
| -Wlffollow. s\v \v\ ;; SOINI MKN I
, U i i, iuip > tic-. Aim ft r fritrt i
j llci>. Nail Uf..en. s. 111...1. Ert si| •
I s, fS.rl.r- lull, r.loltirb-M. nil Arsli
rrn-ij Skin f> > S. Nt t y niAil fi
.">ll fiai.ti.. 3 1,. f T (|„ ,I,NI|) 1
AiMt-w. I>r. s\Yj\ YNE A soN, i'l.ii.-.
ifrlpliia.Ps. SiM In Drug.i-o. AH-lj
EXTRAORDINARY
It LhICTKiS.
: HE WEEKLY POST,
A.! 1.. •" „•• MN ... ~1. ft R , - , )H
I CM'— I>r **#!- I .1 111.. ~ || m Ml. I .nrtllf,
j si'it lilt- .M|| , Hall ID) lllHy.a.i II r • ,
J F t- TL •!>' • M- ■ -T I . |,^
li.ll, tlllrtt It, I'm igi.i ii.tli, > ti.,,,.. MIiMV.
> ,!• rnktm .I. - nm>.i: it, ,. i„ >...(,
f.i it. I*. .|.>, 1.1 , . 1 >-. 11.-I
'h • * -. >.• >
| „ . 11. .1 llM* I , .(!•.> , • ■,. ■ ,I,IM
, M-> . it. .>,., nolo, r -MI vl,,|i w . l-tint,
■>| • Ik ■ .. ,| It , , .11,1.|_
•• - • tnrtto It". .„•©!
"■ biltlt I Ml ,
ru - .' ♦,. ?. ,,,©- < I. I'Mrf. if I©.
rhfjift |e|wi tn lit* o'lRIt),
It Contains All the New?.
Full t trgfm; I nM ft-sH f• fv .fU e*| H© ■'t
** 1 *• ' '- > I . . - A• ~, | l# ,
t fi'l'hc i*M> "'f l MB (tl f | .• t t,.
I -rrli >*' I ' ! lit.
nr+r |>*'gr hpj u.l ©: „ r .
,■ . #
Jf ftUffl r PtLi A ' >
| •©
Ilotrln.
\/ AN DEKBILT HOUSE,
▼ tl to s'j* f ifiliy lit-plmHij ©lid jjMd wbDkoy
Ii iti it fi \ t © il< it" int ill© V t Hoi m,
©tltt 4 l UU# tu.M's ©oUtllwrel ♦>! "Ito© H|"f |'t, I*l,
.>.||. J J I'LL tNLY, Pr.
I> vskmolTE HOUSE.
I Coil o FitHttd Nitrite© 9tr< rtf,
I n<M| W'wtls nipt I." it ttiudfril© reive, flufll
! Hm* NiiHtlwii.
.57 if J ' M I 3 PANpMOHK. Pn p.
cwan HO i' EL,
r jyft)n<nj Coy It's
KEU LY ItLMODI.Lf I) lint I 1.,
j, I'ttlLtfAtlUlUl, PA
A 11 •! rln.a ™l ••• X>l> fur 111. 1.,11, tlil-lll.g
'•' >1 niiit prtri'. Ri' ili ilf U? It
t > A L.VI A A S HUT EL,
VI >l,,|.oitr i.'niirt IIMU.d, tiM.I f.roNTP., l'A
TtttDsti a ft i; HAv
A if m•#! 11. r e.'Mrlipil •)]
I)USII HOUSE,
I ) IIKI.I.KPOVTR PA..
j t" toil I ion id allifflt- gbltllrntili.e* mil h* th© |f©t- j
.tl ifMii Ihii- | • Ell' 'fpl i• mtint-1 Iml nut md inillrfi '
.. ttflp tlf*| I *i llei"**l VA!|.T© |i-yr i|l| ti|Al liotu* !
• •till*-it* •! f UsM*
Ukral ffductl- ttluiiiiu ttri i.H m. * ittvndlt)|r
■ Sn'iM M TL1.1.4 It I'foj'
I )UT' IS HOUSE.
(O'lin" Ol' ih to A IHthi'i' tlrtflt,)
ON I K. PA ,
7. .I*. Jjchman, Wropr.
I bi 1 tu*M Hii'ln lit© ineHiifi iiii-fii of |tv 1
m •i {•' •' l I* ll IStml i In. ti ©ii-f for Hi©,
fit rieibMi ti'of *>!••(• limit 1 !©>.•..i.n1.1©, frtiny 3HI j
\{ 11 Ell El M IIUTKL,
•' M11.1.ll*:I VI f >;y T|i . uUNTV. PKNN'A
W. S SIC SSI 1,, i'ropri-lnr.
rti. o, n • f Mill!.. 1., flint In fVi.n'. Vntlnf
's iil f. nil. fr in C'l ort I.IIm i, >i, |f>©|m<'.A
■'i t I "©lit f • n..| . ( j r>t k IUIIhhkI, iitb ©oi
a-, i * i!i' IfltM
SUMMER RESORT.
•id rui ) •' I- , in ' • tn 'i • '.© ie t trinity A fib
" O,V 1 • •) tl). \| 11, lilt, I lot© I vsrofTl
• t. • S . MIH
Jr. . .M. IWMjr*
Ifcw LrcckcrhoM House.
)RUCKKRiIUi I HOI'SK,
l> A I.Hiilt.M PT. htai rtoM*. PA
C o M. M I 1.1.LN I'roj.'r.
(• ISm (t Ii- tn a I-■ >i Fliior.
#rt* • t At if- it] Trill;* *1 © ,ll re!©
l* • 4-1
/ iKN'I RA I. HOTEL,
V-> (Os r• • ' Ih* i:!if. • "f
\JIi.K" ill ' sill I UNTT. P*
A. A K')JiJ,HF( K KH V Hr*i|*rtU)r.
TIVVtOt'OVI TfTWri.FHt> • III*- filtered will flu*
fi •tl lit •. i utris ! .*. u. Itr~h *t (locttf*
• iv *i i ri.AfN**-. .Uh /.> > ii'.NtM r
ITIRSI NATI 4 AL HOTEL.
1 ftlii i Ait IM, . I vTIH nt*l V, PA
S, j 7ru tn, Proprietor.
It A Tl. -fl 00 I'Ell !>A y.
It'M t.I ••- TO MPt Mi irtMl A t.I TRAIXP
A GOOD LIVLSY ATTACHED.
Th I* /'• >f 'u'Wv '<■*. rf-tirtrH anti
rtjttr*)*hr,i rthit It rti art hup public
111 . rep t. ; I/.,. /„!/( IS
Z tr: .;r Z ccYlealcrs,
MO, i 1,.,.n,ti„.
Swtjrne'l Pill* c< nifortlng lo thi
fciiciC.
Ihi. .... ;• .1 gtiTl tn I ro|>r!
r- ni J...j i linn >!, C. , *ti|mi n, Uy
I -in. it ■■ !.f lA, Vj>| ii, Lt*lT, K'lillHX
I >-f I' • ' *, Dr*>|vV , nl>l i.tl lilt>nllli.
link •), I~r .. li, i) M 1111.11, I
.•••■.in. • Wii itti. a PILLS, ■ hi>
• otiuin mll. ,nnl |>|.j . Mlr I ,,,„ ,1 |>
mi utN.l iritoiiv, ui iik ii,mi f,.r 2.
.•.•iiU, b->\ -I 3" 1-tJI- ; > 1n.*.., fi. (I
• . |>. A m-., Di( sUaV.NK A
SUN, |'l >, i, I'bia. I'a. Sold t-i Dm,
6 H Ii
i'KA „I. • I.N l*| iih Irlllu^uNLV
• I ZELLKRX SUN,
*' •
z Si Hr. k -n.Mff Hon ,
kit lb* ''.M.rl P.1,1.l Soikiap. Pf*
Z • rljillifi %•, Fal-.ltr !{**< I|SP- *'• utafiiy
,rr*y *f©sl. (Tiiese* hi|Sei tinr* |f 4*
j ?f
r —\ C:;LY_S2O.
F®>PEAiLPini
K W% GINGER
-Vl 5 C-c CEST BUILT.
iLif JjT FINISHED,
-a EASIEST RUNL Ka
SINGCH MACH'Nr -ver offered the public.
Tb •'*©© ' t t; • its i' • r f"*' t* i tr nyk k
fh© |*ars " • f'i ? - if fl Vi i l> ji>s
C ' I*" • * • • ls*• if •, unfit ) i
Lite ©vs-v ll r /.fur I * 4 ©it I t.
If tl I ' ; I ' < - I f • f . O I t* t n. '
f - ft. I y i I • rr it.tK', r
•C.,1 l r cinmUrt id • i* A •
* * A \ . k CO.,
b IT S %t n♦ F , I > t| Lit, I
. f c
I 'Tor *lr* tt',n *l. I '.I \
oi f rfltS , lift. r > J"- r
li. A."i -ijjfcsr> fjMgm^na
•Sc.-t trfr. ■•; ..I 1 t'W> _
IV i, • 11. rr, I \\ \ >IM i.A; |t S
• •• r rjjarw!*janae
r-i- If . .-I ll' HVMA. "
t. < ■>, ■ Ai.irr." p -rn
CJ '•: r rl'U ' 1 , t 'a In o
,i 1 l-'.l , II , VCr.l I'A."
r* ' lr 1 ■ y< irb ';caranll!irf I'fn, a
Sf." . r , r If m lllbsii-'rr,
1 • at ;.i i- t Id f n r > I'I.UI -.A
<T i:ii, -.c. . i I. .• ''T" " CZJWHI I
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' ' V aa ©Ea©i4mC2 A
•"ii-ijsrr-T'irm-'il rl .ail ,
t "
I "ivir rl'pim*--hill*-, t -v—*> rf t*-n y im.
PATENTS
wtimmms
KiSZZ-,? ;rn UVss 7 J'lT'tTiSffi i
'4 .
*
(Criilrt fJriiwfrat.
itm ♦ —hi
11BLLBPONTK. PA.
Aa-niCCTLTVRAL.
NEWS, KACTFL AND BUOOEBTIONB.
mi III! or TBI R<TIOl WILMkI (• 111 ISTUU
aincr *n moartkiTT or rm r*tM(.
Every farmer in Ait annual erpmenc*
dtee.nrert name thing of value. M'rite it ntiri
■i' nit it tn the "Agricultural Kditur of the
DKMHI HAT, Itrllefonte, I'enn'u," that other
tarmirt may have the benefit of it. Let
eornmuniratiotm be timely, and be. lure that
they are brief and well pointed.
Farm Drainage-
THE WATER TABL.E.
There is a depth in nearly nil soils
below which the water (ilia nil the
spaces between the soil particles,
j The surface of tlie free water an it!
Blonds in a noil is known an the water
table. This "table" rises with the
laiiis and falls in timca of drought.
The rain which falls upon Hie surface
of the soil nettles through the ground
until it rea hen the water table, and
the latter risen with the additional
liquid. The primary function of a
drain is, therefore, to lower tiic water
■ table whenever it is tro high for the j
beat development of the growing
crops.
This leads us to a consideration of
the practical and i nportant question
of how the soil water enters a tile
diain. It is a common belief that il
water passes in a direct line from the
surface of the soil, to the drain, in
much the same way that liquid sinks
in a funnel, in trutb, the water de
scends straight through the earth and
raises the water tuble, and the water
{lows away in the drain so soon as
ilie table is raised up to the bottom
; of the drain. •
This whole miller may lw very
well illustrated with a cask of earth
i-laccd on end with the bung open.
First, let the eat 111, up to the level of
tile hung, lie thoroughly saturated
' with some colored liquid; then fill
lie cask r ull of earth and |>our on
iear water. This water will pass
■ -lowly down until it tnrels the satur
i led soil, or, in other word*, the wa
: HT table, and some of the colored
i 'quid will rise ami fl >w out of the
bung. In this way it is seen that the
•oil water below the level of tbedrain
• changed by every important rain
fail. After the water slops flowing
from tbe cask bung.it would fie found
on examination that the surface of
I ntnrated soil is not level, it being
| ugliest furthest from the outlet. In
j the sime way j n a field, lite land is
| n.st deeply drained nearest tbe tiles.
I flic line of saturation between any
two drains is a curve with its highest
|Mint midway of the drains. The
water-table here may le several inch
es above the floor of the tiles even
when the drains are neatly dry
From what has lieen stated it j pbnn
ill t the soil waters the drain, under
•id nary circumstances, mainly from
'he bottom. We will strengthen the
• hove statement with a quotation
fiom one of the best informed per
sons on the subject of drainage :
I lie water in the soil rises until the
*ster tablet cuts the line of tbe tiles,
I • thing in at the Joints, when it be
jtns to run ofT through the drains.
If the water table roes until it reach
•s the top or the tiles, tbe diaio will
j hen run full, and the water will con
time to run n(T by the drain until
lira water-table falls again to its but
oro." Let a rain fall,'with the con.
unions last stated, and the water
table gradually rises and the water
flows in through the bottom of the
tiles.
The quotation of Professor Miles
. in (iodic* a thought which cornea next
lor our consideration. The water
4 leaks in " through the joints of Ure
tiles. Il is generally supposed that
the water enters through the
|Hree in the tiles. It rosy pas in to
some extent in Uris way, but only
very slowly. The ends of the tiles
do not come close together, and
through these joints the roost ol lira
water finds entrance to the drains. If
tin oonditi. o or things were revere
vd, and a common tile drain was
ucd to mmduut water sway from
some plnce through dry soil, it wouid
iie found to leak largely at every
Joint. If tlie J-i|nts were united with
cement the tiles would lose little of
the water conducted through them.
The amount of water that heeds to
*
Ai -
enter etch joint of a tile drain la
email. It haa been compote*! that
for parallel draina thirty-six feet
apart, two-third* of a Üblespoonful
o( water per inlnute at each joint will
remove an inch rainfall In twenty
four hours. This ia as rapidly as it
is best to drain any land, and for this
rate the tiles may be placed close to
gether. A drain Is often ruined by
leaving open Joints with the belief
that the water will enter more readily
and run off quickly. Loosely-laid
Joints allow the fine earth, or "silt,"
to pass into the tiles, and when it ac
cumulates then the drain is stop
ped and becomes more than worth
less.
The depth of draina is an import
tant matter. A deep drain is slower
in getting to work after a rain, but it
will drain a larger area of soil and
do it more thoroughly than a shallow
one. A heavy, retentive soil need
to have the drains more shallow thai
a loose and u|>en soil. The leading
thing to t>e consulted in the matter I
the requirements of vegetation. It i
a well-established fact that the root
of cereal plants, clover and the van
ous root crops descend to the depti
of several teet,and in times of drough
I will rundowu toextraordinary depth-
These same roots do not thrive whei
! in standing water and a water tablr
! which comes near the surface cuts ofl
1 most of the feeding ground of grow
: ing roots. Every inch of soil given
to the active occupation of roots
means an addition of a hundred tons
!of soil per acre. This is a good deal
of root pasturage. The rule in Eng
land is that, for purposes ol cultiva
tion, drains should never be laid at a
less depth than three feet. Shallow
drains are easy to make and are rs|-
! idly choked up by tilt, etc. Peep
; drains are secure from disturbance
by implement# of tillage, frost, etc ,
but are more cosily. A mean between
' the deep and the shallow it found at
' about four feet, and this is the depth
j to tie aimed at, though it w ill depenu
, somewhat upou the character of the
toil, and the "lay of the land." Tb<
end to l>e gained is the lowering ol
: the water table so that the crops mat
not try to grow with their feet in
standiog water. DEEDY A ITCII.
Varietlea in Pood.
While farm animals, as compared
• to their owners, are very plain livers
, doing well on two kinds of feed, atili.
j ns with men, tbey vary in digestive
and assimilative powers, and it b
well to consider the winter season a
thc trying period to farm stock, fo
there is no denying that upon nearly
ail farms it it such. Farmers do noi
usually overstock during the pastur
ing season, provided it is favorable U
grass, but wben winter comes, tben b
it different. The flesh and fat mad>
from grass alone-is iovariably of tha>
character termed soft; and whei.
winter first cornea, tbia soft deposit,
the fatty fiortioo shrinks, and unlew
the feed he generous, it ia quickly ah
sorbed, going into the blood to meet
the demands made by tbe inclement
conditions.
Whest is found to contain ten part
of flesh forming mslerial, while it U
stated to con lain 70 per cent, ol
•Urcbjr material. Upon tbia latter,
the ability to stand cold largely de
pends ; hence the value ol wheat < ffd.
cs|iecially the richer portions of it.
should be estimated at a high figure
Even bran is well known to breeder*
to be far more satisfying to callh
and other stock than it has usually
leen credited with being. While
nothing approaches oats for horses,
in conjunction with a small allowanc*
of Lay, if they are required to malo
time upon the road, or pull heavy
loads, so nothing excells the offal o
wheat, with a sprinkling of coro meai
snd oil-cake, or cotton-seed meal, for
cattle; and the same is true of breed
ing swine.
TAORBSSOR JOHNSON, of the BT*T.
College Farm at Lansing, Michigan,
plants artichokes tor bis swine, leav-
Ing the roots in the ground for lbe
breeding sows to harvest for tl em
selves. This savee labor and gt> ea
I the animals a bite ot succulent fen d i
early In the Spring, when they relish 1
it most highly. The patch ia'onnv* n
ient to the pens, ol coarse, and afar ,
several years' experiment, the veatun i
baa provsd a valuable one. I
KEEP your stock well boosed dor '
winter asontka.
Packing Pork.
When Dwrnlier enm-a, c.
butchering. Hoy# look upon this <l,/
as nne of unusual iiiteret; for they
are almost ttl any# in dem nrl to In ing
water ami wood, ami keep the fit.
K 'ig. Hut it f*, or um 'I to lie,il, y
of hard woik for the "men and
women folk*. ' It I* getting rmoe f -h
--iunshle now to have such woik done.
But about pork packing.
No farmer like* to lie told, along
toward Spring, that the pork i* *,
ing; and hn certainly dm-n't v .t
any ofil brought ujmn tire table, i *
quite a loas to a farmer, wbole|e r, s
.n hia |>ork barrel to carry hi* f.-nily
through, to have the con ent* In come
•infit for use; yet thia frequently ' -
cura. How can it be a vol led ? Fit •*.,
die barrel inu*t l>e thoroughly t
•nd awect; unless it U there will a
10 use in trying to have aw.. • p
I'lie brine must be strong enough |
iiuat rover the inent COIII|.|. .. | I I
hia mut lie accn to every lime a
nece ia removed.
We were recently talking wi i a
tood farmer about thia tn.u. r a I
o recommend* packing in l .nl tjr
ina, holding about forty pound-, , ..
••cad of in barrtl-. Fir* plum a
piaiitily of suit in the boiloiri *i .ij.
cient to cover it, then a lay i roi p iA.
This should Iks cut into strip*. -.y
aliout 4by JO incite*, and I t . i
tbe edges to the bottom—not fl.'u
After one layer ia down cover '
well with salt and put en r.nether l.iv
er of pork ; thia will lie all Hint cun
lie easily put into the firkin. Mak. a
good brine and cover all with No
other covering ia necessary. The fir
kins or tuba are much easier to 1., -
die; the necessity of removing a
heavy weight, a* when a hi ml ia
used, is thus avoided, which is an. •-
ier of no am .11 impott .<uce to t e
housewife; ami in case a sing!,-; e
irecoroes tainted, the whole m .a- * I
not be afTc',erf, a* when a barrel ia
oaed.— The Independent
How to Grease a Wagon W: I.
The Coach Maler't .!/• gait,n indor
se* the statement that few | . ic
iware that they do angonr ami car
riage* more it jury by gr. using too
plentifully than in any other . . A
well made wbevl will endure c t
wear from ten to twenty five y, ,f
care ia taken to use the right kind
tml proper amount of gren-e ; U t f
thia matter is not attended to, it a I
be used up in five or aix year* L.i I
should never lie used on a *a,: >n, for
't will |icnetr*te the hub and work its
way out around the tenon* of the
•poke, thus spoiling tbe wheel. T.l
luw is the best lubricator fur woo f. r
ixletreea, and castor oil for iron Imm,
out many of the patent axle go-, , *
also cict (lent, and birr t he tu* i it
of being cho.-qwr and more coin, n
•ent to handle. J.rat grea-c enough
-bould be applied to the spindle of a
wagon to give its slight coating. This
••better than more, fo, the surplus
out on wid wmk out at the end* , , \
be forced by the shoulder band* am)
nut washer into the huh around ibo
outside of the boxes. To oil ait i. n
axlelree, first wipe the spindle < t un,
wet with spirits of tur|nime, and
then apply a few drops of cv-lor < d
near the shoulder and ,-nd. One t< a
j -poonful is sufliciei t for the w hole.
Unprofitable Ccw i in thj Dai,--,-.
Novcmlter is a goal month to weed
•ut the dairy. The season fur gt i
•ng it nearly or quite over, and the
season for more eoslly food b at
hand, when it will not pay to |<,
animals from wMvb wroall returns
only can be expecUd. Tie poor
'oilkera and the old cow* should now
go. One goal cowr is worlb two | r
•new, and it costs no mote to wi .ier
one than the other. It will not.,„y
u winter two cows for the pn.ee, .fa
which one might give. Ail the po.fit
in dairying comes fr..m the good
atws, and a discreet dairjman will
•seep no other. p (M >r eoa will, by
purchase or by raising, ueeanionjiy
work into almost mrjp iwtd, 1...t a
prudent man will not allow i|, rtll lo
remain h.ng after U.ey have i ,
.•rved at.d found wwnMntf. , (l
•conomy to wail long for an otuwr
tutltty l , (Imp .*,: ut t, a4|l , J.
•Mnly. By oouaumtng the food
>wtter animals niiulit. MW - fit
&cy will soon cancel any advantage
ebicb might come from keeping then?
or a favorable sale, it woubi g „ mr .
Jljf be better to tell at uncn for wbst
iwy would bring, Uian to keep tu,® M
LLr""" 1 —