LADIES' DEPARTMENT. An Emprrm' H'hlma The Empress Josephine, the first wife of the first Napoleon, had #120,- 000 for iter personal expenses, but this sum was not sufficient, and her debts increased to an appalling degree. Not withstanding the position of her hus band, she could never submit to either order or etiquette in her private life. She rose at 9 o'clock. Her toilet con sumed much time, and she lavished unwearied efforts on the preservation and embellishment of her person. She changed her linen three times a day > and never wore any stockings that were not new. Huge baskets were brought to her containing different dresses, shawls ami hats. From these Blie selected her costume for the day. ' She possessed between 900 and 400 shawls, and always wore one in the morning, which she draped about her shoulders with unequaled grace. She purchased .ill that were brought to her, no matter at what price. The even ing toilet was as careful as that of the morning; then she appeared with (low ers, pearls or precious stones in her hair. The smallest assembly was al ways an occasion for her to order a new costume, in spite of the hoards of dresses in the various palaces. Hona • # 1 parte was irritated by these expendi tures ; he would fly into a passion, and his wife would weep and promise to be more prudent, after which she would go on in the same way. It is almost incredible that this passion for dress should never have exhausted itself. After the divorce she arrayed herself with the same care, even when she saw no one. She died covered with ril>- bons and pale rose-colored satin. Th C lever Women of Xfilro Spanish tradition respecting the fair sex has not entirely died out in Mexico, and it is with some difficulty that a woman is able to do any work ex cept that of teaching. The stand taken by Senorita Mon. tova, of l'uebla, is worthy of notice. At the age of twelve years this remark able girl had finished the course of Study at the young ladies' a aderoy where she attended, but she was re fused a final examination because it was never given to pupils under six teen, Resolved to waste no time, she pursued alone the studies of botany, philosophy, chemistry and other sub jects preparatory to the study of med icine, upon which her whole mind was bent. Before she was fifteen her fa ther. an officer in the army, died, leav. ing the family penniless, and she at once, assuming the support of her wid owed mother, took up the business of nursing, making a spoi ial study of the diseases of her own sex. Under a pri vate tutor-he studied Greek, Latin and mathematics, and at length applied for admission to the medical college at l'u ebla. After much opposition she stic ceeded in obtaining permission from the government to enter as a special student. While pursuing her studies she has supported herself by teaehing and bv acting as physician in the wo men's hospital. She has recently passed an examination with high honors, and wiH soon receive her degree as doctor of medicine. She is now about twen ty-five years old. Art culture is also well-developed among Mexican women. At the re cent exhibition of paintings, held to cel ebrate the centennial of the academy of fine arts in the city of Mexico, the second prize was awarded to Senorita Elena Barreiro, the first having been given to Felix I'arra. ayoung Mexican arti-t of remarkable genius, now pur suing bis studies in F. urope.— St. Louis Republican. I Athlon Even mantles are made of plaid Stuffs. Double faced ribbons are again in style. fashmere is a popular early dress fabric. I Rose of Egypt is one of the rarest fchades. I'hine patterns in dress goods are In great favor. Gay colors in costumes are worn only In the house. Bottle green velvet trims ecru cash ► mere admirably. Poppies or lilies are the accepted corsage bouquets. Brides' dresses are made with elegant jimplicity this season. Flush boots, foxed with ki.l, are a not very pretty novelty. I All elegant street dresses are stylish dark or neutral tinted. j Summer dress goods are exceedingly beautiful m nearly all materials. Enormous brass candlesticks are now used on fashionable dinner-tables. Gold thistles and gold burrs are the latest millinery and hair ornaments. Amber, topaz, and all yellow stones are In vogue for ornamental jewelry. Chicken down —the color of the new ly hatched is the latest shade of yet low. Jerseys, composed of both silk and wool, are much worn over skirts of muslin, silk, foulard, sateen and other materials. The requisite dash of yellow in a white toilet is sometimes given by wearing an amber necklace and amber bracelets, or with yellow topaz, jewelry. New slippers are made in short bead embroidered toes, cut high at the heel with straps around the ankle and tit-el upon the instep with wide ribbon, in a neat bow. A quaint little head-dress is of black luce, quite full ; two rows, one falling front, one back ; full loops of geranium* red ribbon on the top, and two each side, with quillings of the lace. Outlining in fancy work is now very popular for shams, tidies, and Gibs, bureau covers and splashers. It is greatly favored because of the rapidity with which it can be executed. Deep bunting collars wrought in striking designs of la- e work, are cho sen ;us a becoming completion to some toilettes. They are worn long enough to answer the purpose of a small cape. Tennis suits are made of all sorts of gay woolen material, in stripes and plaids. A combined tennis suit of bright blue and red, trimmed with Russian embroidery, and a hat to match, is very effective. The prediction that satin would go out of use was an error, fur while gros grains are leading for street wear, sat ins are found as acceptable as ever fur the rich and dressy costumes worn in doors. The natural hues of (lowers have never been more admirably depicted than they now are in the new brocad ed silks ; at adistance many of these silk designs would be mistaken for band painting. A really pretty style for a long, slender neck is a narrow, stiff, slightly flaring standing collar, in color, covered with lace, with a rraje full ruche inside. A pleating of lace falls on the shoulders, and forms u full jabot front. The bridal veil may be either as long as the train of the dress or as short as the waist line, but it must not be of tulle if the bride is youthful. If she is over twenty-five or thirty it may be of any line, delicate real luce, and shorter than the youthful brides' veil. The long gloves worn over tight sleeves are discarded. Loose wri-ded gloves vie for preference with the but toned wrists. Some fancy gloves have ribbons inserted at the wrists and half way frotn the top, with elastic under* neath, that holds them to the arm. A Hard Lire. The average rate of wages received by the laisirer in Ireland, says a corres pondent, is about nine shillings a week. Out of this sum he has, of course, to keep himself and his family. Heoften has to pay froni thirty shillings to two pounds a year for his little cabin, anil perhaps a miserable patch of ground around it, on which he painfully toils —when he is lucky enough to have it —to grow potatoes. In many cases a man pays as much as four pounds a year for his cabin. In a consi lerable number of instances the laborer who is not in constant employment en gages to give a day's work each week as the rent of his house. This arrange ment sometimes acts harshly against him. The farmer who has let him his hut does not. perhaps, want his laiwr during a considerable part of the year, and does want it at spring-time, and at harvest, when wages are at their high est. The laliorer has to turn out then and give his work without reference to the increased rate of wages, and thus has virtually to pay a genuine rack-rent for his miserable homestead- A very miserable place it truly Is. Viewed from the outside, it is a small, lop-sided wigwam, built of stones and mud, with a thatched roof, and with three holes left in the front wall to art the part of door and windows. The traveler who stops to look into one of these huts seems at first to see nothing hut darkness visible. When his eves get used to the lack of light he sees a hovel almost alisolutely devoid of fur niture, and very often consisting of only one room for the family, however numerous, to live in. A cabin with a second room in it is a somewhat excep tional possession with the Irish lalmrer of the poorest class. The food of the laborer consists principally of potatoes, or else of Indian meal mixed with flour and soda. Tea of the thinnest and poorest kind, oftener without milk than with It, is the enjoyment of thelatmrer and his family. It is the drink they would have at all times if they could nly get it 1 suppose there still are . X i , persons in this country who think of t the Irish agricultural laborer as of a j man going about perpetually with u 1 bottle of whisky in his hand, and ready at every opportunity to lift the mouth of the bottle to his lips. 1 wonder whether such persons have ever con sidered what the price of a bottle of whisky—even of the rawest and vilest whisky—-would he, and how many such bottles the Iristi peasant could treat himself to in the course of a year out of the surplus of his wages? The truth is that the laborer of this class very seldom drinks spirits or porter unless when somebody better off than himself Is generous enough to stand him a treat. Nor can he easily keep himself warm by less dangerous means than the swallowing of strong drinks- For more than half the year in some places he finds it very hard to get fuel for his poor little household lire, and is often dependent on the brush wood or rotten sticks which his wife and his daughter may gather from the roadside or the ditches. Women us Inventors, The common reproach with which ambitious women are met, that they possess no Inventive or mechanical genius—and the reproach was certain ly once more common than it is now is utiswerisl in the North American "Review by Matilda J. Cage, who brings forth facts fr<>ui ancient history and modern records. Starting with the proposition that ancient tradition accords to women the invention of ''those arts most necessary to comfort, most conducive to wealth. Host pro motive of civilization," she cites fa mous women of Fgvpt, Creece, China and Peru, who have been worshipjMsl because of their powers of invention, spinning, hy the most ancient of Chi nese writers, is admitted to have been i invented hy Yao, the wife of the | the fourth emperor, and the discovery i of silk to have been made by Sl-ling chi, the wife of an emperor who liv.sl 4ikK) years 11. C. For a long period ! the Chinese country was known under the name of Ser or Seriea ' the land of silk), while its later name of China was derived from Si.-n Tshan, under | which designation, as the goddess of | silk worms, Si-ling-ehl is still wor | shipped. Various devices for the mak ing of lore were also constructed bv women, as that for Venetian lace by j Mine. Hessani. and that f■ r pill>w-lact by Hurbura I'ttmann. Casbmero shawls were invented by Mheural , Nisa, of whom Moore has sung, and to the same woman are wo indebted foj the perfume, attar of roses. In bl own country Mheural has been dull honored for these services, her name and title, "Light of the World," hav ing been dru.k on the coins of India by her husband, the c..ni|iicror .Ternn zcbc. Another woman <>f the east - Seniiramis is . r>-dit>.| by the ■ out with the discovery ..f cotton as a textile lilier, while in the west the same dis covery is credited to the mother of the Ineas. who taught its manufacture t>. the Peruvians. The first straw bonnet ever made in this country was made by I Miss Ilets.-y Mi-tc.ilf in 17'."\ while the I cotton-gin -an invention which "heads I the list of sixteen remarkable Aiin-rl j can inventions that have ls-en adopted bv the world" owis its origin to tha s widow of General Nathaniel Greene. Among other inventions which were made by women are mentioned the llurden horse-shoe machine, the babv carriage, and the paper pail. Miss Hosuier prodm ed marble from lime, stone, after the Italian government had long sought in xain for a process by which it could lie done. Mrs. Wal ton planned an invention for deadening the noise of elevated railroads. To Mrs. Manning the mower and reaper is indebted for its early perfection. Thi aquarium was originally the dev ice of a woman. That woman's claims in these matters would he far greater than 1 they are, had the expression of her in j vent ire genius not been hampered in I various ways wel!-!nown, Mrs. Gagr lielietes. She adds further that a mar ried woman is not recognized by law as possessing full right to the use niid control of her own powers. Should she obtain a patent she would not he free to do as she pleased with It—would "possess no legal right to contract with or to license any one to use her inven tions." Moreover, should her right he infringed she could not sue the offend "r - . A Cool Proposition. An indigent woman came to a prominent Austin physician an asked j a remedy for her husband's rheum atism. The doctor gave her a pre scription. and told her; "Get that prepared at the drug-store and rub it well over your husband's. back. If It does any g.iod come and' let me know. I've got a touch of rheumatism myself." She was an indigent woman when she came, hut was an Indignant woman when she left— .H/linyi. TOPICS OF THE DAY. Mr. J. K. Parkinson, of Cincinnati, ; who was recently admitted to practice lin the Biipreme court of the I'nlted i Stat ex, Is prohahly the only deaf and j dumb lawyer over admitted to that 1 court. He has had an extensive prac tice as a patent lawyer, and is said to i he lioth accurate and ready. A few years ago a chimney made of ' paper would have seemed a preposter ous absurdity. Yet a chimney of pape r pulp, fifty feet high, has lately been | put up at Hrcslau, in Germany. Com pressed paper pulp is one of the least j inllammalile of substances, and is now generally reeogni/.cd as superior to iron as a material for lire,-proof doors. The combined efforts of four police men were recently required to carry into the House of Commons a petition , in favor of closing public houses on Sunday -one of the largest documents of the kind ever presented to I'arlia -1 merit. It contained signatures upon a continuous roll of paper, which was -15.'12 yards long and weighed 850 pounds. One Hubert (irillin, of London, is afraid that the earth will nut Is; large enough to hold the inhabitants it will have some years hence. The New Or leans suggests that Hubert Is living in a very crowded part of the world. Set him dow non an American prairie and he will not feel so bunched up in bis mind as he does at the pres ent moment. Oleomargarine, it seems, is not the only or the most disagreeable Imitation of butter which finds a place in Up market. There is an abomination calbsl "sueine," made from the fat of hogs which was the cause, not long since, of prostrating an entire family at Cleveland with triehinosis. The proper punishment for the vender of such an article would be to comp 1 him to eat It. It is estimated that nine-tenths of all the mercantile failures of the I "nit-d States are due to speculations in affairs outside the particular lines of business ; 1 in which those who fail were engagnl. This h.oks like an exaggeration, yet the percentage is known to be very large In the haste to In- rich, men make haz irdou* adventures, ami, if unsu>. • ss i ful, find themselves so crippled that assignment is inevitable. An investigate into the influence of limate upon consumptives, says that, in choosing places of re-idem.• f--i such patients, t'> little at ten's*, is given to the character >f the ■ .1. It is show n that, other things U-ingojual, the prevalent of the disease js m pro portion to the habitual dampne-s <>f (be earth. Theatiuospberi' ..nditi"ri to be s uiglit for are "rarity, ..ilium--- purity and sun warmth." The French do not seem to Is troubled with scruples against vi\ i s wretched animal byway of illustrating his theories. This su killing exhibition ik place before a. lass of young girls. The Amrrimn Cu/ffroror asserts that "the tendency of population toward the cities, where thousands vainly cx pect to get rh h without work, contains | elements of danger. In 171*) one-thir tieth of the population of the United States livi-d in cities; 1 xxO, Jess than a century later, nearly nne-fourth of the I>opulation was found in cities. Huxi ness panics and commercial revulsions alone seem to turn the tide country ward. It would sc.-m that the comfort and comparative Independence of rural life would attract many from the sham and glitter of metropolitan existence.'' , An experimental barn has l>eencom pleted at Amherst college, Massachu setts. The large stables have cement Iloors and sides, in which cattle are to lie kept while experiments in feeding are going on. The cement is to pre vent any loss in manure. Spare is un served for a capacious silo, and in an annex are an engine ami machinery j for cutting and cooking feed. In a j wing is a piggery consisting of twenty apartments, each with a door opening into the alley, and the porkers who are tiring tried with various kinds of fo.Nl will lie invited to stand upon a port able plat fortn scale every day. A somewhat remarkable dwelling is to lie constructed for an e(hentrlc per sonage of Penn. Jt Is t<| lie entirely of Iron, even to the doors and window sashes. The mantels are to lie of pol ished steel and the lloowi of polished cast-iron tiles or stout iron plates bolted to the iron joists. The hollow walls are to be arranged to act as chimneys, ven j tllators and conductors of heat to vari | oils parts of the house. Expansion and contraction from the effects of heat and cold are to he obviated by having breaks in the iron at intervals which will he tilled in with rubber Fire risks on that house ought to hi light. The crayfish Is receiving scientific and editorial attention in the South- When he burrows in back yards and gutters be affords much diversion tc the small hoy, who laboriously Ashe* for him by dangling a Htring baited with gristle down the hole and jerking j him out when lie clinches a morsel, j He is also employed in bisque soup, to the di-light of gourmands, and he is really a valuable crustacean when thus served. In return b.r these courtesies the crayfish makes the spring-time warm for planters by honeycombing tlu-1? levees as fast as they build them. One crayfish burrow may be the start ing point of a leak which w ill in an hour widen to a crevasse and let a flood I Miur over miles of cultivated land. There M-CJIIS to be no means of sup pressing either him or his subterranean industry, and he has now grown to be a terror. Hot water, paris green, and other death-dealing agents have bis-n employed in vain, and the afflicted land- I owners, whose levees arid revetementc are the- sole barriers between them and l destruction, are appealing to seicrici I for a bane which will effectually pre" I vent crayfish engineering. In ("alitor ' nia the gopher, a species of marmot, , has long been the plague of farmers and gardeners. In portions of Texas the buffalo gnat and rolling have de stroyed herds, or compelled th ir re - inoval from tracks otherw isc favorable Against these there is neither r< medy nor satisfaction. The southern planter, whom the crayfish has drowned out, has at least .me recourse. He can eat him. SI'.YSTKOk'E. ! Prevention And Trtnlmrnt of ttita Hum* mer Kvll. >unstroke, says the New A'ork l*ird of health, i* i msed by excessive heat, and espi-. iailv if the weather is "mug. gy." it is more apt t • occur on the se mil, tinrd or fourtii day of a heated t.-rrn than on th<- fir.-t. Loss of sleep worry, exeitein.-nt, close sleeping ro .ins. debility, abuse of stimulants, pndlsjNCM- to it. It is more apt te ! attack thoie working in the sun, and • -j" i.tlly l,et w.-en the I;, urs of -lei <-r oVlo -k in the forenoon and four o'clock m the afternoon 'n hot days w ear thin clothing. Have as <-.,] sh-epirig rooms as p ihl<- Avoid hiss --f sl<-< ; and all utuMccmty fatigue. If work* ing ill-!-- and where there is arti hejal hi.it laundries, etc.- s.-e that tie- r>. .in is well ventilated. If w- rking in the -un, w.-ar a light hat t in-t 1 da- k. a- it abs rb- the le at straw, etc., and put inside of it "ti the he,id aw. t down in a sha.ly and cool place | appiy >.l cloths to and pour cold, water over the head and nek. If ant one is overcome by the heat send iin- i ' mediately for the nearest g.xxl pliy ( sieian. While waiting for the phy- ; sirian give the person C.N.I drinks ol ' water or cold Ida k tea, or cold coffee : if able to swallow. If the skin is hot and dry, iqiongo with, or pour cold i water over the body and limits, and | apply to the head pounded ice wrapped jin a towel or other cloth. If there is ; no ice at hand keep a cold cloth on the head, and pntir cold water on it as on j the lnwly. If the person is pale, very! j faint and pulse feeble, let him inhale ammonia for a few seconds, or gi\e him a tea-spoonful ol aromatic spirits of ammonia in two table-spoonfuls of : water and a little sugar. Time, the destoyer of most things, j gives to violins an almost indefinite value and Importance. The .loan Car lino violin is 820 years old, and is in an almost perfect state of preserva. tion. Two thousand dollars is a com mon price for a Stradivari us. On one occasion 1500 acres of land was given for a Stainer violin, and, as jwirtions of the city of Pittsburg are now built u|Min the land, it may w ell lie said to have been the largest price ever paid for a violin. SCIENTIFIC HCRAPM. It has liwn found that sunlight baa i considerable action if)>on glass. Col orless glass, for example, has become yellow, and light yellow, green and blue have turned to the darker or mel low shades of those colors, while cof fee-colored glass has been known to materially change to rose and amber In the short space of five years. A correspondent of the Troj/i'-a A'j ri'iilturM says regarding the destruc tion of ants: "Take a white china plate and spread a thin covering of common lard over it. Place it on the shelf or other place infested by the troublesome insects. You will be pleased with the result. .Stirring up every morning is all that is needed to set the traj) again." I>r. f'uUen, of Kundwa, on exami ning -bfO railway officials for color blindness, in order to determine i whether they were physically qualified fr the positions that had been assign ed to thern, found among the half breeds < Europeans) 1.6 per cent. t among Mohammedans 7'iJ per cent., and among Hindoos .'1,16 per cent, suf fering from this defect of Daltonism- Among 471 lxjys he found 2.M js-r cent ineajiable of distinguishing color, i and among sixty girls none, j At a Herman ultramarine manufac i lory, managed by a juij.il of Liebig, the director has observed that for forty ! four years none of his workmen have lever suffered from consumj.tion. He ! attributes their immunity to the fact j that the process of manufacture in i volves the constant production of sul phuric acid, by tie burning of sulphur, j Accordingly he suggests a new method j of treatment fur consumptive jiatients, by bringing them into an utinosjihere ! moderately charged with suljihuric j a< id. Dr. fienzrie r states that the sense of touch is present in infants at birth, al though the faculty of feeling pain is slowly develojwd, and is clearly indi cat'-l only after the child has reached the age of four or five weeks; smell and tade are not distinguishable in the first, fir, at latest, the second day of life; light is quickly ja-rceived irnmedJ i ately after birth, but evidences of c otn j.lete visual j.ower do not apjicar for four or five weeks, and it is only after four or five months that colors are clearly distinguished. More Old Women than Men. It is a curious fact that the nutn- Is r of women w'b > re.vh one hundred years and upward is nearly double that of long-lived men. remarks the IDifT.-Uo ' iiiriir. They lead bs exposed. and often more regular lives than their husbands and brothers, and if their i nstitution* arc n<>t broken during their first half century, are likely to attain a good old age. It is only neces sary to 1<. k around in 'any community to verify this fact. Certainly lluQalo furnishes n exception to the rule. Out of the seven or eight thousand graduates ,f Harvard college since D'tJ, only four have actually "risen to jiar. while a fifth bo ked a fortnight of , conij'letuig his century. >o few jn-r --sins ri .oh one hundred years of age and the stories of great longevity are | so exaggerated that >ir Ceorge Corn wall Lewis boldly declared a few years ago that no one ever lived one hun- I drod v. ars. Of course this statement was a little j.iece of counter-extrava gance. but it is certain that fewer jwr sons live to reach the ago of one hun. s! than is popularly supposed. Out of the many thousand Revolutionary soldiers and their widows on the gov ernment's rolls, two or three entered and even pa-sod the second decade of their second century, and these are the oldest American cases. Knglish seven teenth century annals tell of a countess of Desmond who, at the age of one hundred and forty, was in the habit of climbing tries to jack cherries, but it is to lie feared that this old lady was given to j