©lie (CrntM Democrat. BILLfFONTE, PA. The Lsrfsst.Chsapsst and Best Paper PUBLISHED IN CBNTBB COUNTY. Institute Workorn. We congratulate the teachers of tlie county on the excellent corps of in structors and lecturers who are to do the work of the next session of Insti tute. Our workers are not mere theorists, but are men of experience, having tried every grade of teaching from the dis trict school to the college lecture room, and won their advancement by success ful efforts. In bringing this coterie of educators together, Supt. Wolf has endeavored lo change somewhat the traditional form of institute work, by bringing before the teacher men of superior culture, whose practical experience would do service in giving new and better meth ods of work, and whose scholarship would inspire all with greater 7..>al to excel. Wo append a resume of our workers : DR. E. E. ii in nr. r, STATE SCPKRINTE.N DENT. A New Knglander by birth, education and training, l>r. liigbee will impress all with the fact that he has both an active sympathy for the work of the educator, and as well an ability to in struct and arouse the ambitions of hi. ; hearers. As an orator he ranks among ; the very best in our.State, and as a prac- i tical school man he has no superior. I'REs. c;. w. ATIJEKTO.V, PA. STATE COI.LECE. | M*th a course ol instruction com pleted at Philips Academy, Exeter, X. 11., and at Yale College, President Ath erton unites an experience that includes the district school, the famous Albany Academy, St. John's College. Annapolis, ! Md., an association with I>r. J. M. Gregory in the successful establishment of the Industrial University of Illinois, and fmally fourteen consecutive year* in Bulger's, the Agricultural College of New Jersey. An experience so varied, united with native vigor must make the work of President Atherton tell, rxor. u. R. SAX FORD, srit. or SCIIOOIX, Ml DOLE TOWN, >. V. The fact that Supt. Wolf sees every, where throughout the county in the work of the teachers' evidences of the new ideas infused at the last session of Institute by Prof. Sanford, is the best testimony we could give. This year instead of but two days our teacher* will receive one week of the valuable services of the gentleman. This work will be mainly in the line of primary instruction, rxor. CEO. 0. ctorr, LEWISBCKG ISIVEMTV, PENN'A. The department of Natural History which admits of so much interest in the way of illustration by charts and ob jects, will be under the care of Profes sor Groff, who unites a successful exper ience in the West Chester Normal School to his recent work at Lewisburg University. Illustrated charts, diagram*, mani kins and other preparations will be us ed freely in impressing the value of this subject upon the teachers and arousing them to renewed effort. pxor. c. E. LITTLR, WAanixTox, D. C. As an evidence of Prof. Little s value as an Institute worker we would simply quote the lact that he was present as an instructor at eleven Institutes in Penn sylvania during the past year to nearly all of which he has been recalled this year. His special branches are Indus trial Drawing and Penmanship. I'ROV. I. THORMTOM OSMOND, STATR R01.1.10K. The lecture on Astronomy to be given by Prof. Osmond will be finely illustrat ed by views shown by an oxy calcium light. Prof. Osmond is a graduate of Mt. Un ion College, Ohio, and of Cornell University, N. Y., and has had a valua ble experience in the work of teaching rxor. w, a. xai.sx SXD raor. 1. w. IIRATON, are both Centre county men, capable and efficient in the work of teaching and imparting instruction to others. ■a. i. aII. LARD MILI.SR, is the general secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of Hellefonte, Pa., and from his inti mate acquaintance with work for boys and young men will give a highly nrac tical and suggestive pajier. MISS BLANCHE MN.l.aa, is a student of the Lawrence Dramatic College, Yonkers, N. Y., though not a native of Centre county is at present, | enrolled among our teachers. That her readings will instruct and interest we feel sure. Never before, probably, in the history of Centre County Institutes has so scholarly a group of instructors been brought together. In view of the fact that time must tie allowed to all teach era to attend Institute, and wtyet /or he time to orcvpie.d mast be pant by director!, for any teacher to remain away from such an opportunity to get new ideas and receive fresh inspiration for work not only indicates a lack of professional xeal, but poiots directly to a stultified desiro to live and die in the rut of self conoeit end narrow-mindedness, with out one effort to know belter or to do iwMter. TEACHERS' INSTITUTE OF T HIE T Y-SIX TH ANN UA LS E SSI O N INST KU (' TOli S A N I) L I<: VTVH KK S. —u— o DR. E. K. HICIIEE, State Huperiiiteudent. General School work. Relative duties of Teachers nud Directors. I'HH. G. W. ATIIERTON, I'enn'a. State College. Industrial Education. Mental Science a< related to School work. PROF. 11. It. BANFORD. Supt. of Schools, Middlctown, N. Y, Primary work in Numbers. School Management, etc., etc. GEO. G. GROFF, A. M., M. D. Prof. of Natural History, L wishing, I'oivcMity. Physical Geography, Physiology and Hygiene. PROF. G. E. LITTLE. Washington, D. C. Industrial Drawing and Penmanship. I. THORNTON OSMOND. I'enn'a State College. Prof, of Physics. Lecturer on Astronomy and Physics. Miss HI.ANCHI: MI LEER. Student Lawrence Dramatic College, Yoiikcrs, N. Y. Elocutionist. PROF. AY. A. KI:IE. Spring Mills, Pa. Methods of Instruction, etc., cte. J. W, Mil.l. Kit. (Jen. Secretary, Y. M. G. A., Ilcllefoute, Pa. Paper on Home Work for Day School Pupils. M W. HBSTON. Prof. Penu'a State College. Paper on Spelling Peform. School News. Exhibit of School Work. Its sure u> attend institute. Prof All things point to a largeattendance ol teacher* at the next sea-inn of Cen tre county Institute. The law requir ing director* to allow the teacher* their time and wage* whilst attending and engaging in the exerci-e* ol institute, make* it ponaible for many now to attend who once were unahle. The prominent and able tuon alio will bo present to give instruction* make* it seem imperative for all our teacher* to be present, lie sure then /.> come. Kncouraging report* come in front our : school*, Gregg township ha* just com pleted a new building at Spring Miils, containing three room*. The tirst floor (two room*), is occupied by the Primary i and Intermediate grades; the *econd floor by the Grammar achool. This is ! managed by Prof. C. M. Smith, a gradu ate of Franklin and Marshall College. Squire* Kishel and Herring are the ! moving spirit* of the board. Kush township ha* built one new > building in *outb Philipsburgb, and , renovated two old one*. Curtin township ha* erected a new building in the Marsh Creek section the county. Roggs township doe* not lose her in tere*t in the common school*, and be tide* general repair* added one new building. Snow Shoe increased the number of school* by one, and furnished a new and commodious house. The building* of Bellefonte district were both thoroughly renovated. In all the room* the ceiling* were kalso mined, and in some the side wall* were covered with cheerful pattern* of paper, whilst in others,by some happy thought, the aide wall* were kalsotuined in color* and set about with rich border*. This district, *o*ay*Supt. Wolf, ha* the mot attractive and best furnished school* in the county. Worth township ha* director* with energy and push. To better assist their teachers in the government of their school* they passed a resolution author ixiog their teacher* to suspend at once any pupil* refusing to receive discipline. He*. Mr. Ntahl it the active spirit of the "Board." The young teachers of this county can not afford to miss Prof, Sandford's work on Primary Method*. His in struction is abreast of the latest ipiincy devetopment*. Supt. Wolf reports as the most no • liceabte advance in our schools the im provements in building* and ground*, j This is right. If the teacher is in place of the parents, then the school-house and grounds should be in place of borne, ami not in such evident contrast as to make it a punishment for the child to leave a pleasant home and go up to the dreary prison of a school. There i* one place where inquisitive ness i* a virtue and that is the institute floor. Our instructor* last year took pains to compliment Centre county teacher* on their freedom in Mking questions and debating new methods proposed, I/et u**H come to the Thir ty-Sixth session with our tongues oiled to talk. Have a felt want to be sup plied and ask for information. Don't be content until you get what sou ask /or. Au exhibit of the actual work of the scvernl district* i* propose I for the next season of Institute. To this end the I t'ounty Superintendent invite* every school and every district to rend ex I hibila of their work to the chairman ol thn committee having the exhibit in elitrye. The following branches ore li,oe | are to h • represented by school i room work : I. Penmanship, plain or ornament •!. "J. Braving*, either in book*, or on paper. •t. Map drawing. ■4. '.Vrnten spelling. ; Teat psjier* in arithmetic, i •">. Teat papers, and diagram* in gram t mr. . The exhibit will be arranged in one of the jury-ronma in the t'ourl Home, and ' the teacher* and *chniar sending *peci i . inena of their work can reat assured i ! that the In-st of care will tiegiven them. The following teachera rompoae the committee; I). M. Liab, Chairman, He becca McGioley, Liwie Sborllidge, Ada Veanck, T. M. Harnbart. Autrrt from institute by the State Law it judged a mark of the want of professional spirit and teal, and the certificate* of all absentee* are to be marked rorrepondingly /me. ♦ Tor. "Penn'a. School Journal''com pliments the friends of popular eduoa- ; lion on the fact that the next legisla ture will bare on its roll of members several prominent educators, naming l hree ex county Supta. vix : A. I>. Glenn. Armstrong county, S. F. Gahan, Lycom ing county, James \V. Hughe*. Bedford county. We would add to the list our ex county Supt. Henry Meyer, whom the JoCRMai. will find not one whit less enthusiastic in the cau* of common school education, and able and .willing "to do good service for the cause of pop ular education." |e%rite*d the following extracts from the Slate laws. Many teachers absent themselves because they do not know | I heir own rights and privileges: That any teacher who absent# him self from the institute of his county without a good reason, may have hi* want of proiesaional spirit and xcal indi cated by a lower mark on his certificate in the practice of teaching than he would otherwise have received. SECTION 1. 1U U tnarttd, Jr., That from and after the passage of this act, it shall IH> the duty of the school direc tors, of the several achool districts of tins Commonwealth, and they are here by required to allow the school teach ers, employed in aaid districts, who are actually engaged in teaching school therein, the time and wages whilst at tending and participating in the exer cise* ol the annual county institutes for the improvement of teachers. SECTION 2. That, at the close of the , annual sessions of the said institutes, it shall be the duty of the several county, city and borough superintendent* to make a report to each hoard of school directors in their respective jurisdic , lions, setting forth the number of days that each teacher shall have attended and participated in the exercises of the said annual teachers' inalitnte, which [ said report shall be the basis lor allow , ing the teachers their time and wages; pmvuleii. That the provisions of Ibis act shall not extend to the firtt school I district ol Pennsylvania, nor to the . counties wherein apecial laws regulat , ing or relating to county institues are in force. E Arraovrn—The 7tb day of June, A. D. 1881. Ulnar M. How. Wolf says l,p can see the ideas received on r.ew ruetlc. I* in primary < ti< -,t Is * I e*Mon, leavening ihe woik of (•.< Ini-. H-nieni! er to *tv at lioin* i to run - c 111 the old rut , In i (inn- lo IIIM;| uto i* IN hear slid learn of t e n.i lln- '- liir /Vna'd. .VftW ./■ irr ii/ m|| ) < r-j • rosiiiol nl the coming session -t the county institute t-> -I. !:. Van t'riuer. I lie I rue ol stlbsi 111.1 j 111 a ill ay; .11 be $ I.N- lire earne't 1. icher ( r con. 'islerdly l-etiiihmit this t. t and most complete frn nd ol teacher*. director* :ilid |U pi Is, sii'l in cider lo keep up niih the limes mi 01. e should f-il to fui"cribe for 11 during 'lns yiesence of |>r. H.gbee, Slate Superintendent, w.!I he a strong induce merit to many to route to this se**iou of institute. The Hoctor is not only an abie and axperitored educator, but is also IDS of the mo*t finished orators of the state. No teacher can sthird to lose the benefits of his talks and lectures. Wr. are glul to notice the actiTe in terest the new administration of the State College is preparing to take in Institute. This augur* well for both the teachers and the college. The col lege should receive largely from our schools a* the nearest and bt feeders. The teachers in turn should receive the sympathy of She college, and be made to feel that an active interest in their work was always present there. TKSCIISXS read carefully the new law requiring directors to allow you for the time spent at institute and pay you in full. See 2nd page of this issue. THE topic of the day is industrial Training. Teachers who have profes sional life and seal should not lose the lectures of Prof. G. W. Atberton of the State College who has helped to found one Industrial College and devoted him self to this special work ; nor as well misa the instruction of Prof. G. B. Lil le, a specialist in Industrial Brewing. —■ ' | ■ ' 1- INSTITI TE fees the same as last year. Seventy-five cents ($0.75), for which a ticket to the pay lecture Thursday night is given, and a full set of the "Teacher'a Journal." ♦ Til enterprising teachers of the coun ty will all contribute of their work to the exhibit during the next session of Institute. No belter way of letting the general public know what you can do. —Prof. Henry Meyer has been au thorised by his fellow citisens to quietly put away the title by which he waa so long ami favorably known, and in ita stead writo Honorable, be having at the late election bet n chosen one of the Representatives of tbia county in Ilia next Legislature. Among the mora in telligent, conservative member* of the house, Hon. Henry Meyer will occupy a prominent position. SIRH the specimens of your achool work to the chairman of the Com. on Exhibit, D. M. Liob. Rellefonte, Pa. Arw A flvrrt turmoil In, | JEN NSYLVA NIA STATE COLLEGE. Fall (arm opana Autjurl 25, 1882. Thl. in.tltiitlou la located ID one of the , u .t be u . i tlful, li—lililtil >1 111. antir.' Allegheny region. I I |r i.|a-n 111 >|||.|. Ilia 1.1 1...t1i aeaea, a.) i If.-r. tlir lowing Ctiuiwea ett. ly: ' 1 A Foil Ctaaah-wl Cuurtut of Four V.arr. . A Foil fit l.i.tlflc Courae of four Veara. I. Tim following KPKCf AL< Ol!llSF.!t, of two yam. | wirt. following tin. Drat two trim of t|.a Rt-lwitll I li Copra* ; In) AIIKICI'I.TI it K; (t>> RAII'ItAL | IIIBTOHV : (CyI'MKMIRTIiV AMifllUH e; I, j CIVIL KM.IM KIUM.. I 1 A abort RPRrfAL ("'it'Kli: In Agriculture. | i A ati.irt HPWIAI. (JOI It-Km' 1.-iol.tii, I, A Claaal.-ml aii'l h. Innllfo Preparatory i' lira*. Military .|i 111 la n .|Oj|r.|, R|Hg| for l.anl ami In. 1.1. ntala rrry loir, T0111..11 ft.-.-, Young lull', no <|.-r cl. ii if.- of a romiH-iriit ladi l*r tr.r.foal. l"or Catalogue.,. i oilirr Intormallou, addle*. UFA) W AI'HKHT'iN, Pnn.ii.oT, fiiirl' itt -1., i iiTm i Fa 4 2a If ; IIILKS! PILES! PILE- ! A SUM: rt'ith: rot SD AT LAST SO ost: SKI:! > strm: f A .u. r.frt f<*r HlihJ. fiK. Hoir. tli Ikiiit •nit L'lr# f.al. 1 I'lif • I !uliQ f*tn*4y, |m W iliiMtu'a In lUi, {}.. A iiil. Mil liMeipM (M a* -at - i.f .t . . • •, itAii'ii UK N 'it i,t . | nuffrt U\ 111 I f * •xlt l ttil* * . J.fff.l * Ihlliy II •''!! If • l. 'tion* Mi.f' 1 friftU trd H-mat i* lt< hti.jf . fl! Jirtvnlijf.ru Ml ; | r fi H.itia +)n*. f ll. ll .r. .1 M I ..Hit,l.i rty ! fi.Ui 1 uULit |it W i)lUrn' 1 :. 0 i Mar hint % [{rtt, ./ > f 1 ■ f/r tnir*t *1 tr with I > ' > C a. Ml MI Ik gtlifliltOM], prt aaw.lirtt/.rafor M ■ frpda-marka. crtpanchta. fir. for Ej ■ tb* Cnitaof Sulap, antl io < >ll* n pat- Jfd V • : '■* tn l Midi 1 1 dfcJl ■ firrtnanr. au l ail tithr r o.oiritrtoa Iwaaaal Thirty -all frara'tirKliu.. No rharffn for r iariinatt n of tutxlcla or draw inra. Atlrim bjr mail frop. rao tito nbtaniM tfir'uich na tro notir<-<1 in tb MIKATIFIt AMr.lllf A. which hi. tho lartr' al cirptilatlcm. and la thn nioat Inflti rnt.al now-apatiar of it* kitid j nt.liabod In tho world. Th" ad vantapiw of ancli a notice erery pata-ntn nndrratanda. Thialarifo and iplrtididlr lllorlrtled neww pajwrlaptibliahcd V* F.F.kLV atfTSOa rear, and ia a 1 ruttted to be the ll paper devoted to acieoce. tnechanirw, Inrentiotia, enrlneerin* worka, and other department* of Indtiatnal proftre*", pnbllahed tn anr roontrr. Bingla oopiea by mail, 10 cent*. 'Hold by'all Hewa dealera. Addmw, Mnnn A- Co., pnhliahcra of Scien tific American. 2f.l limadway, N. w York, ii and book annul patent* mailed free. TRAVKLER S GUIDE. OKLIaEFONTKA SNOW SIIOI I ® tftU*ltl iffwl 9t k&4 iflft Ni" ) : 1. Ufi'M fftut t f t. . Arritft m HfllfloiiU 7*4* n |/< Htc# HcHff fcl# 9.12 A . tfr itl sfit m h> II . \ * * ffhoo 2 • r w .irrttM In 4 & r. n. • Ilpltfff.fttf ( (' f • IfTifM ftt Si M i&p.w. S S 1 1 Alii , <#• 1 t4 ntiftl I>ALD EAULE VALLEY HAIL K.I til -Tiwie Tatir April fa I-.. Lap.Mail, waaiwate. tratw.ai- K. tie a " r w. ra. > ■ • In ?up . ...Arrfv- ai T-r- U.u ? I. .4* aat a i.-. ... Lr*i.r..t fy# u. ton., ? i 11} **• ••• " " ... T4. Ila 1 45 Kaol Kaplr " ... 545 ' . *** t . a "• t . r " ... Tf t •nv t4i (ti •• ii. r'i •• ... : .v ai. t ui lit F .it Matilda " 4 1" V IV 7-t als •• M.rtl-a '■ .. 4 T . 7 I* li* Julian „ a II p r. 7 * a&7 " t no.r.rlllr •• ... aii a\V 7 ,n ll> en .w P1... la - ... *a* ' 7*• t4A " Mlleat w t " ... 4 4 P 4 (*• lat " Rrlleloril* " ... M * a 5 * '• M.i~ioita in • I &14 ENNS Y LV A NIA R AILHO AI). 1 —4Fttlla.lelf t.l. ant Rilr In. lal -n H~Of. in wdor l>w"ii.r 12, I" W KWTWAHII. ERIn M AIL !..*• I'hllw l'l|4l. II 44 p B * •< lla?ri>luii( .4 24 a r o ** lt|)itaiiH|ert 4 t'taa •' lot llio-a nun " Rnoru ... 10 54 aw a arr.re* ai Kile. 7 .Vi p w KIAfiARA KXTRKfe leaver I'l.lU-l. I| 1.1. 7 Pun i' || llarrtalinnt.... Id AO a a u a tt tlllmnnpurt. 3 On pa •• arrive* at Reno... ...... 14n n Fhvierr by Ihla train an.v. in 11*11.- fente at 4 514 pa FART LIN B leave. Phllw-lelptil* . 11 44 an I •• llarrivhiirp 4 Upi •i •• Wi111awwpett............... 7A" p n arrlrea at Lota Hirni „ flu p KAITWARP. PACtFlf' SXTRKftP l.wv. • lee-k llvvvn .... 40 a a || ii M'llliv :nv|--rt .. slt ah •• atrlvtm at lUrH.tii* tl Mo Philadelphia.... Jt 4f. p PAT KXPRBRR liavn Ren. v 0...„ lo In a •• " lewl. Have* II no || a Wllllaii vpurt 11 to aw •* arrtreaat llarrlvl tit*.4 10 p n •• ** Philadelphia. 5 Sip v RRtF. MAIL !*•*• R at. *514 p n * || Loth Haven....... 044 p n •• •• WilHawMaKirt 11 uA p * " notrea at Itartl.l.iirg— 3 4.4 an i •• " Pt.1tv1etp1iia............. 700 an FART LINR leave. Wllltan.v|>.<. IONTK. fit, t|. ti u t<> fhi -i i ib-tu of i Ulir* (Mir* H t |(flt/ f? |l. .. | j 'PHOMAH J. MKTLLi I JkTTOttXKt A I I , I'lli I livin in;, i' a. OJfD ill AM ©ft l/UilCifijr, II II, (4- * il) i/t tt| N K "ro r"f IUntuM<4joic. At t T. ALfZAUDI*. c ILKXAXDEK A ROWER, 1 1 AITOHSEVH AT LAW, • 'F T.t>, R , ;jr !. <. r,,ultJ lb KngUbli 01 (in lbU. 'JtIKB lb OB.lbU. •ItullAibx l-ly LHIANK FIELDING, •I UW AND COLLF lION OJTII'E, * '* NLKAHI ILLD. PA. ' ; 'V' * '• *I'I I AHA \ KR A (JEI'II ART, *£ ATTOWITI AT LAV, II.• B AII.CLI. &J ItlMt, Brlb of HUT R*T> j i-ly | ) F. FORTNKV, * "• ATTORXKT-AT-LAW , I'tf LLEOKTB. PA LAA! <1 - r |i tt* Irfl in lb© Court liou*r. %.\y JOHN BLAIR LINN, '' AnoENKi A1 LAW. , . . , LII.LLFONTK, r, A; • CH.O) Alert , POl • i. . | L. SI'ANGLHR, *' • ATI J.N I . IT-LAW lit i.1.1 JIJ.NF E< I Mil. (N'LMV, I ' 1: ml. , , ( . .- ! Jot., , JR* tun LB ALL FI * ' ... I,' I..>Vl>B 'it E GILD. L:J ns. KELLER. • AJTOt. Nil .I I AV lfl . • 'I: Alj IIJ fU"I * ,11, ft,,, 4,f I , - . n rf 1.. , •, . • 'l' C. 111 FIT.J.. * • in ..ML M LAW. .... >"• H I. AN l.\ I , Alit-iwb-. | R IO,I: , ~ \\' M. F. MITCHELL. * * PRA.TII AI -; ILV| I • V* k II NLN. I A . Will B|I>ND L BIL IL IN 1M.5,. ~D CIIM f OAo* Law k |)fife \ H :|. *1 lUt-k \Y C. HEINLE, ' * • ATTiJI.N) L IT I ■ I FRTNT* T F rUTmi ILtk- • ! mmmi mvm i ti* - iui j . 4'l • ')! • AIT' - : . JR V 4 W'ILLIAM M.l l LLOIGU, ' * ATTuKM 1 AT I A*. LL.KAUHT I J| I A AT" I fir nif.lL. All, nil, ! |. , nK. HOT. M. I). • ' I T'H KT.I T | RM , lm It) M I )>7 , . | A. Ii *IIMT 11 FFTA-T, I, hu fCTI an ' %t'Ak JHm*WW OR. .IAS. 11. DOBBINS, M. D., I'llVkirtAN ANI* AL'RGHIIX. Alli.Ll.b) M. OI.R T> IT I>,T J Mor V " J I'LLI FLINTR. TA. | \R. J. \\. RHONE, Dcntiht,can I " 1I• F -IITID at LII. rift, I,D TMD. nr. R, N.RIL. •' "1 LLLRH .LIBIT LLIRR. I- r. IUII ot A!.,1.1-ri, JMlbfont*. R 1(1-1 R ihiMinfm (tt it IK. [JAR N ESS MAN I* FA CTORY * * iij oajru'i Nm blnrk. llli rmMK. f* 1-; ? P.BLAIR, 1 • JEW)!!.. vivmaft. Ar. All D'witli lt AIURLrr) WIFT fl Horn*. 4- 1f DKALEIIS IN I'UKK DRUGS ONLY, j I ZELLER A SON, s *f • j-Kioaurt, >•© ' ftr< hwr unu'wsl fM tliiim for |>rinlitif: LAW ROOKS, PAMPHLETS, CATALOGUES. PKOIiRAMV KS, STA TKMKNTB, CIRCULARS, BILL HEADS, BOTE ItKADS, BUSINESS CARDS, INVITATION CARDS, CARTES DE VISITE, CARDS ON KNVKLoPkS AND ALL KINDS OF BLANKS S4JR I iiwtlm. U£T Prinlijij: AD* in Ihw bMI on hort notiw and nl Iha lt>wwt rnuw. i > A UMAX'S HOTEL, U Otftmtl.Omirt lion*., Lf LLt roMTP. Pft TIXUMI : It.LI DAT 1* H LI*J tiMM. # 14