Professional Cards.
SI). RAY,
• ATTORNEY AT LAW,
• BELLEFONTE, PA. ;
Spfclul attention given to tho collection of claims, j
Office adjoining Hrnckerliolf llmise. _ |
THOMAS J. McCULLOUGH,
JL ATTORNEY AT LAW,
PIIILIPSBURO, PA.
Office in Albert Owen's building, in the room form
erly occupied by the Philipsbutg Banking Company.
I. H. IIA STINGS. w. F. BKRDSR.
1 TASTINGS & REEDER,
-4 > ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
BELLEFOMK. PA.
Office on Allegheny street, two doors eust of the of
fire occupied by late tirin of Yocnm k Hustings. 4< -tt
8. R. PBALE. "• A * M BEB *
P2ALE A McKEE,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
34-tf Office opposite Court House, Bellelonte, l a.
8. U. TOOITM. "• HARSIIRF.BGER.
VOCUM & IIARSIIBEIIGER,
M'TORN'KYS AT LAW.
HKLI.KKONTE, PA.
Office on N. L. corner ot Diaiuoml anil Alleghcny-st.,
in tlic room lately occupied hy m .v Hastings. |
Wai.IAM A. WAUACK, BAVIH t. KKEIIS,
It Alt 11V F. WAI.LACK, WII.UAM K. WALLACE.
WrALLACE & KREBS,
f ▼ LAW AND COLLECTION OFFICE,
January i, 1881. CLBARMBLD. PA.
T7LLIS L. ORVIS,
JJj ATTORNEY AT L \W.
OFFICE opposilu the Court House, on the 2.1 floor of :
A. O. Fiirst'b ouililing. #-6tf
C. T. ALKXANDER. 0. M. BOWER. I
4 LEXANDER k BO WEB,
X V ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
llellefonte, Pa., may be consulted in English or Gor
man. Office in Garmau'sßuilding. 1-ly
FIELDING,
JL LAW AND COLLECTION OFFICE,
lo.ty oLKARFIELD, PA.
JAMF.B A. BRAVER. J- W'ESLF.T OKFIIART.
T3EAVER k GEPHAKT,
1 ) ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Office on Allegheny street, north of High. Hello
font*, Pa. 1-ly
Dl'\ fortney,
. ATTORN F.Y-AT-L AW,
BKLLEFONTK.PA.
Laet door to tho left In the Court Hoae. <l-1 y
TOIIN BLAIR LINN,
f I ATTORNEY AT LAW,
ItHLLEFONTE, PA.
, Office Allegheny Street, over Post office. V!l-ly
~~~
T L. SI'ANGLER,
fl . ATTORNKY-AT-LAW,
BKLLEFONTK. CENTRE COUNTY, PA. j
Special attention to Collections; practices in all the
C juris; Consultations in Oerinan or -ly |
DS. KELLER,
• ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Office on Allegheny Street South side of Lynn's
store. Bollefbnte, Pa. 1-1 i .
rp C. HIPPLE,
X • ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.
LOCK HAVEN. PA. I
All biHinoHfl promptly iitt'*nd- d t >. l ly
WM. P. MITCHELL,
PRACTICAL SURVEYOR,
LOCK HAVEN, PA.,
Will attend to all work in Clearfield, Centre and
Clinton counties. , .
Offic* opposite Lock Haven National Bank. 20-ly
WC. HEINLE,
. ATTORNEY AT LAW.
REI.LEFONTE, PA.
Office in Conrad House, Allegheny street.
Special attention given to the collection of claims. |
All business attended to promptly. :U-ly |
WILLIAM McCULLOUGH, i
> t ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
All business promptly attended to. 1-ly
IT K. HOY, M. I).,
J I • Office ill Conrad House, above Fortney's
Law Office, HELLEFONTE, PA.
Special attention given to Operative Surgery and
Chronic Diseases. l '-ly
OR. JAS. 11. DOBBINS, M. D.,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Office Allcgl St., over Z-igler's Di ng Store,
6., f ItELLEKONTE. PA.
OR. J. W. RHONE, Dentist, can
la. found at his office and resilience on North
' side of High street three doors East of Allegheny,
llellefonte. Pa '"-'t
ltnsiness Cards.
HARNESS MANUFACTORY
In Onrman's Now Block,
BKLLKKONTI, PA. My
|7 P. BLAIR,
. JEWELER,
WATCHR9, CIOCKS, jaWKLRT, AC.
All work neatly executed. On Allegheny street,
under nrtirkerhoff House. 4-tf
DEALKItS IN I'UItK Dl'.lTOs ONLY.
- I ZELLEII k SON, a
f| • DRUGGISTS,
No B. BrocNßrhnff Row. £
2 t All the Standard Patent Medicines Pre- "
K Iscrintions and Family Recipes accurately e
E : prepared. Trusses, Shoulder Braces, Ac., Ac. I 3
5 4-tf i o
ec __ J e
c. HtiMRS, Pres't. j. P. HARRlS. l'ash'r.
17IRST NATIONAL BANK OF
J BELLEFONTE,
Allegheny Wtreet, Bellefonte, Pa. 4-tf
Miscellaneous.
CENTRE DEMOCRAT
BOOK and JOB OFFICE
ALLEGHENY STREET,
BELLEFONTE, PA.,
IS NOW OFFERING
GREAT INDUCEMENTS
TO THOSE WISHING FIRST-CLASS
Plain or Fancy Printing.
Wo have unusual facilities for printing
LAW BOOKS,
PAMPHLETS,
CATALOGUES,
PROGRAMMES,
STATEMENTS,
CIRCULARS,
BILL HEADS,
NOTE HEADS,
. BUSINESS CARDS,
I INVITATION CARDS,
CARTES DK VISITE,
CARDS ON ENVELOPES,
AND ALL KINDS OF BLANKS.
by mail will receive prompt
attention.
Printing done in tho best style, on
ort notice and at the lowest rates.
ARMAN'S HOTEL,
VX Opposlto Court House, BELLEFONTE, PA
TERMS fl iis PER DAY
A good Livery attached. I-l.
Wilson, Mr Far lane <C Co., Hardware Dealers.
IE3I_A_!R,ID'W" .A.IR,IEI
WILSON, MoFA I tL. ANE & CO.
DEALERS IN
STOVES, RANGES HEATERS.
ALSO
Paints, Oils, Glass and Varnishes,
AND
BUir.DEE,S' SAE/DWARB
ALtKfIIIRNV BTIIKKT, .... IIUMER'BLOCK*, ... - BKIJJKFONTJC, FA.
TRAVELER'S GUIDE.
OELLEFONTE & SNOW SIIOI
K. R.—Tirao-Tttble In effect ou and af'cr Marrl
I.1 s -'
Loaves Snow Shoe 6.30 A. M.,arrives in llollefoute
7.' J. A. M.
Leaves Bellofwute 0.12 A. M., arrives at Snow Slioi
11.27) A. M.
Leaven Snow Shoo 2.30 P. it.,arrives iu Bollefontt
4.20 p. M.
Leaves Beliofoiite 4 L r p M.. arrives ut Snow Sho<
7:26 P.M. S. S. BL\ll, (len'l Supet intc ndent
S>ALD EAGLE VALLEY HAIL
1 I ROAD.—Time-Table, April 1**0:
Kxp. Mllll. WESTWARD. EASTWARD. Exp. Mail.
A. M. M. P A. M
8 in 7 02 Arrive at T) rone Leave 7 32 8 18
8 .1 0 66 Leave hint Tyrone Leave... 7 80 8 66
7 611 i 61 44 Vail 44 ... 742 86h
765 (1 47 14 Bald Logle 44 ... 747 902
748 <; 3d 41 Fowler 44 ... 762 909
7 -12 I! 33 44 llaiiniili 44 ... 756 018
785 t; 25 44 Port Matilda 44 ... 800 919
727 017 44 Martha 44 ... 8 !>7 926
118 OOS 44 .liiliun 44 ... 815 932
7 9 557 44 I nionville 44 ... 823 989
700 54H 44 Snow Shoe In 44 ... 882 946
.50 6 47 44 Miieuburg 44 ... ft 34 94 s
fi 40 535 44 Bellelonte 44 ... 843 967
0 806 25 4 * .Uileshurg 44 ... 85410 08
A25 61 6 44 Curt in 44 ... 900 lti 19
ylB 610 44 Mount Eagle 44 ... 91210 26
9 601 44 Howard 44 ••• 92010 37
5 55 450 .... 44 Kigleville 44 ... 93810 49
c6O 4 4.6 44 Beech Creek 44 ... 94010 64
e34 433 44 Mill Hall 44 ... 95411 10
r 29 480 ...... 44 Fleinitmtou 44 ... 96711 20
e26 426 44 Lock Haven 44 ...10 01 11 25
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
1 —(Philadelphia and Krie Division.) —On auc
alter December 12, 1877 :
WEST WARD.
ERIK M AlLleaves Philadelphia 11 65 p n
44 l(arri*htirg 426 a 111
44 WillianiHporf 8 8.) aID
• 44 Lock llaven 9 40an
44 44 Ketiovo 10 55 an
14 arrives at Krie 7 86 p in
NIAGARA KXPKK.SS leaven Philadelphia-. 7 2o an
44 44 IlarriAhtirg.... 10 50am
44 41 Williaiudport. 2 20 p n
44 arrives at Re novo 4 40 p in
Passengers Ly thin train amve in llello*
foute at *1 36 p n
FAST LINE leaven Philaih Ipliia 11 45 an
44 44 Willhiiunport 730 p n
44 arrives at Lock Haven 8 40 p n
EASTWARD.
PACIFIC DXPKESS leaves L> k Haven.... 0 1" a u
44 44 Willianiaport... 765 an
44 arrives ut I Inrrisburg 11 56 an
44 •' 8 16 p B
DAY EXPRESS loaves Reiiovo 10 10 an
44 44 Lock Haven. 11 20 an
44 44 Willianisport 12 40 aII
44 arrivesat Harrishtirg 4 10 p II
44 44 Philadelphia. 720 p n
ERIE MAIL leaves Renovo 8 85 p n
44 Lock Haven 946 p n
44 44 Willianisport 11 06 p n
44 At rives at Huri inl.ni tf.. 2 46 an
44 44 Philadelphia 7 00 an'
FAST LINE leaves Willhmisport 12 35 an
44 arrives at llirrisburg... 3 68 a ni
44 44 Pliiladel| Ida 785a in
Erie Mail West. Niagara F.v press N\ , le>ek llav i
Accommodation \V t and Day Express East, niak
clone connection* ? Northumberland with L. A B. Ii
R. trains for W ilkesharr*- ami Rcranton.
Erie Mail West. Niagara Express West, and Frh
Express West, and Lock IIavo Atoommodatfoii West
make close connection at Willivmsport witli N.C.R
W. trains north.
Erie Mai! West, Niagara Express West, and Pa)
Express Kant, make clone connection at Lock Haver
With IL K. V. It. R. trains.
Erie Mail East and West connect at Eri i with trains
on L S. Jk M. S. II R..at Curry with 0. i'.H. V . K
R., at Emporium with P. N. Y. & P. R. R., an 1 ai
Driftwood with A. V. K. It.
Parlor cars will run Between Philadelphia an<
WillhiiiMpurt on Niagara Kxpn HS West, Erie Expresr
West, Philadelphia E\j r— East and Pay Kxpres
East,and Sunday Express Last. Bbicpitig carson al
uight trains. Wv. A. Baldwin,
(len'l Superintendent.
'Hsixii. InT
l_le, ilA> .*
VjtiJVZ.
*!> \
<V
V C^U
#v#
JOHN HARRIS,
SOI.K ACIKNT,
2-0 m RKLLKFONTE. PA.
MONEY To Loan at 6 perOt.
iUV/i, JJ 1 ~y TME MUTUAL LIKE INBUR
ANCE CO. OF NEW YOltK, on ftrnt niortgaao, on
Improved farm property. In KIIIIII not low than S2 F I>OO.
and not exceeding om-tlilrd of the preaent value ol
the property. Any portion of tln principal can la
paid otfjat any time, and It liaa been the cuatom of the
company to permit the principal to remain an long a*
the lairrower wiahea, if the interest ia promptly paid.
Apply to
CHARLES P. 811ERMAN,Attorney-at-law,
627 Court, Ntreet, Reading, P,
or to DAVID 85. KLINE, Co/a Appraiser.
2-tf R!lefnnt Pa
For Sale.
A FARM containing Fitty Acref,
ami having thereon erwt.il a TWO-BTORY
FRAME IIIIII.IUNd and out hiiihllnea. Title good.
Inquire of A. J. A T. E. ORIKBT,
tf-8 I' nlotivllle, Centre counts. Pa.
WITHES THE HOPE OF/
RACE^
LYDIA E. PINKHAM'S
VEGETAELE COMPOUND.
A Sure f'ure for nil FEMALE WEAK
MIHSES, Including IsPin'orrhcrn, Ir
regular nml I'aiiiful 3leDNtruntloii
lnflaminution anil I'lrernlion f
the WOBOlb Flooding, PRO*
LAPSUS UTERI, &C.
MTFlfanaxit to tho torte, efficacious ami immrdinto
in it offfot. It is n great help in pregnancy, and re
lieves |ain during labor and at rt gular perioda.
rifYsICUXH I HE IT A\l PHES( KIKE IT UTTTI V.
tT"F<'E ALL WiaKNESKFH of the generative organs
of either sex, It 9> second to no remedy that has ev# r
ln'en leforo the public; and for all diseasex of the
KIDIfSTB it Is the Greatest Itemed y in the World,
I2TKIDXEY COMPLAINTS of Either Sex
Find threat Relief In Its l'e.
UYDTA E. PINKIIAM X BLOOD POIfFTER
will eradieato every vestige of lliunorH from the
Blood, nt the name time will give tone and strength to
thesystein. A-marvellous in resullHUH thoCni|sminL
tW"Both the Compound and Bl<ol are pre.
f)ni .-d at 233 and 235 Western Avenue, Lynn, MORA.
Price of either, sl. Six bottles for s7*. The Compound
is sent by mall In tho form of pilln, or of loiengee, on
receipt of price, $1 per box for either. Mrs Pink ham
freely answers all letters of Inquiry, Enclose 3 cent
stamp. Bend for pamphlet. Mention this I\iper,
nrLTOiA E. PrvxnAM's I.rncit PILLS cure Const 1 pa
tion. lUliousncHe and Torpidity of the Liver. 25 ceulu,
* ffsrSold by all l)rugflfits."kt (.:>
/ fi'ot pain In ths limbs, back, stomach, t
' breast, elite or shoulder blades, take i'Jt- \
/ HUNA. " \
/ "For cramp of the stomach, colic, dlor- i
I rna:o, or romlUug, take I'EBCXA. '' ■UBB \
I "Forcongh, a'thma, night sweats, short- V
' neasof brcath,takol'£BUH"A. .
/ ' 'For chronic catarrh, hrnnch I tig. pletirlsy, \
I and sore throatof any kind—l'kuuKA." ■■ \
. "PrncjtA is the purest, most prompt and .
/ eraelcntmedlclno known loiiiui."HH|i \
J "PnitryA Is the best appetlter, purest V
' tonic, finest Invlgorator of the body and >
f mind." ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■l \
j "If you can't sleep, take I'EHtSA tlf 1
t weak or worried mentally, can't rest, take \
/ PanujrA." \
. "fIOOO will 1)0 paid for the least Impurity or
/ mineralthatinaybofoundlu PEULNA." ■■ \
/ Boldeyervwhere. Forpamphletwrlteto V
' B. P. 11ARTM AN & Co., Ohborn, Ohio. >
/ Tf you are slek. fool badly, or In any way \
A unwell, take I'KBL'BA and regulate the bow- V
f els with \
PATENTS
Vkf rontlmio to art as Solicitors foi Patents, Cavrats
Trade Murks, Copyrights. etc., for the t rjlu-rt States!
Canada, Cuba, England, France, Germany, etc. We
bavnhud tlilrty-llve )rar> experience.
Patents obtained thnmtrh us are noticed in the Set
ptTtnc AMKRICAN. This larsro and splendid Illus
trated weeklypaper,s3.aOayear, shows the Progress
I Science, is very Interestlnir, n<l lias an enormous
tlrculation. Address MUNN & CO., Patent Snl|c|
hl IKNTtKIr; AMERICAN, 87 PtU'lC IloW.
yew 1 ork. Hand hook nhont Patents free.
THE PATRIOT.
A Pennsylvania Newspaper for
the General Public.
Tli • DAILY PATRIOT is the only morning newipNiiffr
i-ul li-iicil nt tli' State Capital.
Tli" DAILY PATRIOT makesa specialty of Pentisyl*
▼ inIH news.
Tlie DAILY PATRIOT piililinliirtlip AMoriTl'l| IVCM
lie v MIII specials from nil (mints.
The DAILY PATRIOT given special Attention to grain
an I |HOf!iiPe market*.
Tin DAILY PATRIOT oppose* monopoly, hosslsm
uml centralization o| political power.
Ti*rin* : 2fl.tm per annum, (strictly in advance,) or
ner annum if not paid in advance. For any
period l<*s than one year at proportionate rate*
Tli*' WEEKLY PATRIOT im large, eight page paper,
devoted to iitfiHtuio, Mgri,nit ur*. Hi iont p, manufac
tures, now*, market*. Mr. During 18**2 em h nunil t r
will contain mi illustration of some prominent topic
or event. Thit* tp an Httrartivo IvHtiiiy which cannot
(nil to please. Terms #1 oopei miiinm. Invariably in
advance. One c.jiv of the WEEKLY PATRIOT Atnl
one copy of the Philadelphia W EKKLY TIMES will
be split out* year for |2<tocah in advance, thus giving
the two paper* f.r tin* milmtrrlptiovi nice of tin* latter.
Olio copy of the WEEKLY PATRIOT end one copy of
tin* CoTTAOE IIF.ARTII, HII excellent monthly liiag.
Ar.ino, pn Mini ml at Ronton at fl.oti p.*r atiuum. will ho
mm! 0110 war forsl 70cash in AlidVunre. tSend ill your
sut>*riptiotj* at once. Address
PATRIOT PL'BLISIIINA CO.,
Ilwrrinhnrg, PA
gKIN DISEASES CI'HEDI
Ily Dr Frtuder's Magic ointment. Cut en as If by
mngir. Pimple*. lllark II MI tin or Ornha. Blotches
•ld Eruptions on the face, having the akin clour,
health* Mild homitiftil, A 100 euro* Itch, Barbers Itch.
Salt Rheum, Tetter. Ringworm. Rertbl Head. Chapped
Hands, Sore Nipples, sore Lips, old, obstinate Cloers
and Boras, Ac.
SKIN DISEASE.
F. Pnko, Esq., Cleveland, O.,suffered beyond all do
scriptlou from A akin di*t n*e w lilcli appeared on his
hands, head and face, and nearly destroyed his oyes.
The inost careful doctering failed to help him, and Af
ter till hid failed he usedlir. K raider's Magic Ointment
mml was cured by A tew application*.
lie (tint and only positive cure for skin diseases
ever discovered.
Rent bv mail on receipt of price. FIFTY CJENTS.
HENRY A Oo . Role Propr's
fi'2 Vesey St., New York.
For Blind, Blepdiiig, Itching or rieeratMl Piles Dr
W illiam's IxDI AX OlßTttßfcT is A sure euro. Price
#I.OO. by mull. For sale by Druggists. # n4-ly
A WEEK. 112 A *dfty At home easily made
4> I & Costly Outfit Dee.. Address TRUE A CO. Au
gusta, Maine ' 18 ly
She €>tnixt gmwral
15 ELLEF ONT E, I'A. ,
NKWH, FACTO AND HUOUKSTIONH.
Till. TEf (IF TUI'. NATIONAL WELFARE IB THE INTELLI
GENCE AND FUOKPERITY OF THE FARMER.
livery farmer in his annua/, experience
discovers something of value. Write it and
send it to the "Agricultural Editor of the
Dicmocrat, Itellcfonte, I'enn'a," that other
farmers may have the, benefit of it. Let
communications he timely, anil be sure that
they are brief and well pointed.
IN another column will he found
an aitielo upon the subject of "En
silage,"' from the pen ol I'rof. Jordan,
of tiic State College. It just appear
ed in the .' f/ricul!ural J.piomi.'l, but
o nearly coincides with the DEMO
CRAT'S views upon the subject that
we transfer it entire to our c Junius.
THE (I'tinhn, London, sends us a
copy of its issue of July 15, with an
aiiiele marked which complains of a
failure of the apple crop in England,
France, Germany, Holland and Bel
gium, and calls upon America to
supply the deficiency. The pros
pects for making a favorable response
lo the call are hv no means brilliant.
IF the lambs from a pedigree ram,
costing from fifty dollars up, will
shear an average of two pounds more
wool than those from a common or
scrub ram—and that they will there
is no doubt —it will certainly pay to
breed from one. With wool at tliir
i ty-live cents per pound, a crop of ten
lambs will turn off enough increase of
wool to pay seven per cent, interest
on the cost of a ram at one hundred
dollars.
TIIE value of planter as a fertiliz
ing agent has never been satisfactori
ly determined, but there seems to he
no doul.t that it is worth more than
it costs when applied to young clover
soon after the removal of the grain
from the ground. The "catch" this
year has been exce| tional'y fine, and
it will he well to stimulate and en
courage it to do its very best by the
application of at least one hundred
pounds per acre. Now that a "dry
spell" seems to threaten this applica
tion is all the more important.
SHOUT pastures may tempt you to
turn the stock, hogs, i attle, sheep and
all, on the young clover which the
propitious season has given so fine a
start. It will he quite as poor policy
as it would he to put your thrifty
eighteen months old colt to work at
the plow. If your pasture is so
short that yon must furnish the cattle
some additional food it, jvill he far
less expensive to cut a small portion
of the growing corn crop for them
eaeli day than to turn them 011 the
young clover.
FROM present appearances oats
will be much cheaper, relatively, than
corn, and it is quite possible to prof
itably substitute, them for corn in
fattening the coming pork. The A*-
brusku Farmer says : "When oats are
worth 25 cents and coin 50 cents, one
is as cheap as the other to feed—two
bushels cd' oats being considered
equal to one of corn, so with the
prospective difference in prices tor.
this season, oats w ill he the cheapest
feed. The best way to secure the
most profitable results from oats for
hogs, is to grind and allow them to
remain twelve hours in Hie slop from
the house, water or skimmed milk;
of course the milk is preferable. A
good plan i$ to add a small amount
of ground oil rake, nnd where vege
tables can he had, they may also he
used to advantage, and all the better
if boiled. 1 '
WE earnestly advise all who desire
a growth of green fodder for early
spring soiling or pasturage to sow a
field of rye during the last of this
month or early in September. Our
own experience in the matter has
been greatly gratifying, and we
should lie glad to know that it will
hereafter he shared by a large pro
portion of the DEMOCRAT'S readers.
By sowing early, 011 rich ground, the
crop may he allowed to reach n good
cutting height in the spring, cut oil
close to the ground and fed, and will
then send up new stalks ami go 011
and ripen a full crop of grni* jnst as
though it had not. been cut, though
the straw will he somewhat, liner and
shorter, and the crop will, of course,
he later in ripening. This is not vis
ionary nor theoretical. It is simply
a statement of facts as they existed
upon the DEMOCRAT'S farm the pres
ent season.
Chickens vs. Bugs.
After hoeing, scatter a peck of corn
broadcast among your potatoes and
call your flock of fowls into the field.
After picking up all the corn they
find they will pick up or drive away
all the Colorado beetles. So says
one who has tried it.— Ex.
Don't you do it. Don't wait until
"after hoeing," and don't "scatter a
peck of corn" at one time. Unless
your flock of fowls is much larger
than is kept on most farms, a peck
of corn will he more than they can
consume, or at least will lie sufficient
to fill their crops so comfortably full
that they will refuse to touch a single
"bug." A better way is to keep the :
fowls shut up at night, and until a
late hour in the morning—after the
sun lias dried the dew. Then call
them to the potato patch, and scatter
a Utile corn, or what is better, wheat
screenings. The idea is to coax them
among the potatoes, and leave them
there with good, lively appetites,
and a few grains scattered here and
there to induce them to search,
and thus bring them in contact with
the hugs. If properly managed it is
a very successful remedy; and we
know whereof we speak, for we have
practiced it during the entire season
upon an acre of Snow flukes and
I Beauty of Hebron adjoining our
j fowl house. Scarcely a hug can he
. found upon the entire patch, and no
remedy of any kind lias been applied
other than the daily feeding therein
j of near a hundred Dominiques, while
another acre, in a part of the farm
1 seldom visited by the fowls, and
I planted to Mammoth Pearls, lias
■ been sadly scourged.
Ensilage.
, For lh Agri<-iilttirol Kj>it<>rni*t.
The question of the preservation of
' crops in a green condition in soils is
j one at present very much discussed.
Extravagartt and unfounded claims
j are made for ensilage, and the farni
| ing public seems ready to repeat
! what has become a chronic blunder,
I viz ; the adoption of a line of prac
tice without waiting for a demonstra-
I tion of its wisdom. Scientific men
| and many practical farmers are dis
i posed to advise a conservative course
jin the adoption of this method of
i preserving fodder, and with some
' show of reason.
In order to prove that any ad van
j tage pertains to the preservation of
j green crops in silos that is not se
| cured by the ordinary method of
! drying, the truth of some one of the
; following points must he demonstra-
I ted :
1. That more fodder is prod need.
That the fodder is preserved in
a more perleet manner, or in a man
ner that increases the nutritive effect.
3. That the fodder is furnished to
the a-finals at less cost.
There are other minor considera
tions, but the above are the principal
! ones.
Without attempting to argue the
whole thing to a conclusion, the fol
lowing facts that bear upon the above
points arc offered for consideration :
1. There is no way that the method
of preservation of fodder can direct
ly or indirectly influence production.
The twenty-ton-per-acro crops of
"mammoth cone' might have been
grown bad ensilage never been beard
of.
2. In order to show more complete
preservation or larger nutritive ef-'
feet by the use of the silo, one or
more of the follow ing propositions i
must be established, (a). Crops lose
something besides water in the pro
cess of drying, or at least lose more
than when kept in a silo. (b). Crops
in a green condition are more nutri
tive than when dried, (cj. Fermen
tation increases the nutritive value.
Let us see what are the facts so far
as they are known. It can be said in
general terms, that when any ordinary
plant is dried so quickly as to pre
vent any change by fermentation, 1
there is no appreciable loss of any
thing save water. So it can be truth- j
fully said that when the ordinary j
grasses and clovers are dried in tlie
field in good weather, wnter is the
only substance lost, unless it be very
umKite quantities of volatile oils,
whose only value is to give flavor to |
dairy products. Corn being so coarse,
dries with more difficulty, and it
would be an exceptional season when
the process of curing it in the field
would not cause souie loss of nutri- j
live material. But now would the
average loss in the Held compare!
with the loss by fermentation in the
silo ?
A very careful examination of this i
question by the New Jersey Kxperi-;
ment Station showed that there was
practically no difference in the loss
by the two methods of curing corn
fodder. The IORS in the silo at Penn
sylvania State College Inst year was
found to lie about one-tenth of the
dry substance in the plant. The loss
in the field was not determined.
So far, then, as we have any
knowledge, the loss of nutritive ma
terial is not lessened by the use of
the silo, even in the preservation of
corn fodder, and we have every ren
son to believe that in the case of tim
othy and clover the loss would be
increased.
It is claimed that fodder plants are
more digestible in the green condi
tion than when dried. The only ex
act knowledge that we have on this
point is that obtained by the German
digestion experience, in which it was
found that when grass was carefully
dried it suff'eredrno decrease of digcs
tibil ty. The digestibility being the
same then, whether green or dry, it
is safe to assume that the nutritive
value is the same. This would hold
true only when the fodder is rapidly
and carefully dried.
It does not seem possible that fer
mentation can in any way increase
the nutritive value of any food sub
stance. Fermentation is a species of
combustion, a destructive process
similar to that which the food under
goes in the animal bod}*; and to the
extent t hat this combustion goes on
before the food is eaten, to that ex
tent is its capacity diminished for
running the animal machine. It is
not probable that fermentation is any
aid to digestion. At least the Ger
man "sour hay" has been found to be
no more digestible than before being
fermented.
At the New Jersey Experiment
Station, when actual feeding trials
were made, feeding milk cows both
ensilage and the fodder field-cured
and subsequently chopped, no greater
production was observed in the ease
of the ensilage, neither was the en
silage more thoroughly
than was the dried fodder.
Not own the most advanced ensi
lage enthusiast claims a saving in
cost by the use of the silo. Every
ton of solid matter in green corn
jis accompanied by four tons of
water. 15v drying in the field at least
| two and one-halt ton 9 of this water
! are evaporated, so that when the
green material is converted into ensi
lage double the weight is handled
! that would be tlie case in the old
; method of field-curing, the greater
; weight being also lifted more times
than the smaller.
We believe that one reason why
ensilage is so popular is because that
j since the introduction of the silo
many farmers have learned for the
first time what a large amount of nu
trition there is an acre of fodder
i com, and so they are disposed to
| credit the new process with the prof
j its that might have been realized by
i the proper application of move an-
I cient methods.
It is proposed to get at more facts
bearing upon the whole question by
! experiment on the experimental farm
I at the college. W. 11. JORDAN.
Pennn. State College, Aug. 8, 'B2.
Clean Seed.
.foituthnrj Tulcott, in Kural "ffhwit Special."
I wish to say, for the benefit of all
, tillers of the soil, that more dollars
I can be gained by sowing only clean
*cr<l on well tilled lands than by all
other methods combined. Most wheat
; growers would be surprised if the
seed that is sown was thoroughly
j cleaned and they could see the foul
seeds that are yearly sown even by
good farmers. One of my neighbers,
last year at seeding time, came to my
barn to clean his seed wheat, as I had
purchased-a new mill for that pur
pose. Me orought what be supposed
was enough wheat to give him all he
wanted when cleaned, and he also re
marked that his wheat was very clean
as it was. You can hardly imagine
his surprise on elcaning the same to
lind that instead of a few pecks cf
worthless stuff he had bushels, and
so surprissd was he that he saved all
the foul seed and shrunken wheat to
show the farmer of whom he got the
seed, who thought it quite clean —fully
fit for seed without extra cleaning.
The result WHS a crop of nearly 40
bushels of clean wheat per acre this
harvest from six acres of wheat the
seed for which had been well cleaned
and the soil for which had been well
prepared after oats and wheat grown
on the ground in 1880. Another
neighbor, also, whose seed I cleaned,
had about the same amount of land
sown and his crop is also nearly, or
quite, 40 bushels per acre of clean
wheat. Both these crops have been
threshed, so the results are known to
be us stated, and both fields were the
admiration of all fanners who saw
them; yet how few farmers will take
the trouble to clean their seed this
fall for the purpose of growing a
clean crop next year. One farmer
said to the writer, last fall, that he
knew his seed was foul, hut his land
was also full of foul seeds, and if he
cleaned his seed wheat, the foul seed
in his land would produce abundant
ly in the crop, hence there was little
use of cleaning his seed. The fact
that his seed was loul was too true,
yet with time and care in sowing
only clean seed, the foul seed would
sooh become less on any farm ; whilo
a careless sowing of foul seed with
the good, will only increase the ex
isting evil. In conclusion, 1 would
advise the sowing of clean seed on
well cultivated fields to obtain the
best results.
IT is no mark of good husbandry
for the farmer to force a crop to such
an extent as to draw from the soil
more of the elements of fertility than
were added to it, for in that case, he
is injuring his soil more than the
lenefit he derives from the crop, and
sooner or later, will, if the course is
persisted in, produces state of steril
ity.