SCIENTIFIC SCRAM.
When warm air is forced through a
hot mixture of turpentine and water a
disinfecting substance is produced.
In casts of arsenic poisoning the
phosphorus which exists as phos
phorio acid in the brain is replaced by
arsenic.
A solution of smelling salts in water,
with a slight proportion of other Baline
matters, contains all tho elementary
!>odies which enter into the composition
of protoplasm.
Thin disks of very different sub
stances emit sounds whon exposed to
the action of a rapidly interrupted
beam of sunlight, proving sonorous
ness to be a property of matter.
Dr. Ilammond states that there are
very few, if any, cosmotics which do
not contain lead, 110 also says that
death from lead poisoning by tho nse
of cosmetics is by no means an uncom
mon case. The introdnction of lead
into tho systom produces various effects
—colic, paralysis, prostration of the
nervous system aud insanity being the
most common results.
M. Mnntz, by means of a test so
delicate as to detect the presence of
alcohol in a million times its weight of
water, has found that alcohol exists in
all natural waters except very pure
spring water. It is found in greater
quantity in snow, and without doubt
floats as vapor in the air. In soils,
especially those rich in organic matter,
there is a considerable quantity.
Railroad Men's Ears.
The necessary legislation is hardly
secured for protection against tho dau
gers of color blindness before a new
trouble arises in the ear a flections of
those who must depend largely upon
tho organ of hearing in order to assure
the safety of the many lives intrusted
to their caro and skill. The sharp
crack of a broken crank, the dull thud
of a obatterad connecting rod, in short
any of those often obsenre noises which
signalize the approaching disability of
a great machine, and any of those acci
dents which interfero with smooth run
ning, may often, if readily discovered,
rave largely both of life and property.
A veteran engineer says that two
years agj a slight difference in the ag
gregate quality of tho tones which came
to his ear caused liini to atop his train
and look over tho engine. "I found
the trouble," said he, " to be dne to the
loosening nnts of two cylinder heads
which had been pnt in place withont
the nsnal precautious to prevent thoir
working off. Had they done so, I
would have carried in a crippled train,
and changed tho whole business of the
road for some hours."
" Then, yon consider quick and reli
able hearing of importance to tho loco
motive engineer?"
"No man," he replied, " has a right i
on an engine who has not all his senses
in perfect rnnning order. The very
feel of an engine when she in going
fast is of the highest imports ice. A
moment of dullness on the part of an
engineer might, in some instances, loso
him his engine."
The driver of a Hudson River railroad
locomotive said : " I was affected with
deafness bnt once. There was some
heavy artillery firing in l'onkera, which
lasted about ten minutes; my ears were
very sensitive—made so, I think,
throngh the habit of careful listening
—and the moment I started np I felt
there was something wrong abont my
hearing. At tho end of ten days I pnt
myself under the caro of a doctor. He
fonnd trouble a considerable distance
inside, and told me tho concnssion of
the air had affected me. I was all right
again in ten days."
This deafness, being acqnired, is more
dangerous than color blindness, becanse
its approach is often slow and insidious,
and sometimes is not known to the vic
tim until a cold or some accident di
minishes his hearing before be is swaro
of it. On the other hand, most esr
affections—such, at least, as aro brought
abont throngh a man's occupation—are
susceptible of treatment, and with proper
care do not resnlt in permanent dis
ability. Professor Moos, of Heidelberg,
in calling attention to this subject, cites
ten cases of marked disturbance of hear
ing in locomotive engineers and firemen,
all of which came nndsr his observation.
The form most prevalent was cattiurh
of the middle ear. Investigation showed
tbia disability was most prevalent on
tunneled roads, and was generally ac
companied by frequent colds, pains,
roaring and ringing in both ears. Sub
jective noises, or these having appar.
ently no exterior cause, and an obstinate
partial deafness were commonly com
plained of. These troubles were invari
ably worse after a journey on the loco
motive.
Dr. llurkner, of Gottingen, observed
similar troubles in six locomotive
engineers, two firemen, and sixteen
other railway emylerea. Both writers
agree that the condition of the sense of
hearing should be made a matter of
special car* by all railway employes,
and that they should 'oe subjected to
regular inspection by the company's
physicians.
LADIES' DEPARTMENT.
Klrlloh Wool Nulls.
Fine woolen costumos are now con
sidered as choice as thoso of silk, and
are in especial favor when mado of
French cashmere in combination with
moire or plash, and Bomotimea all throe
materials are combined in one dross.
Tho basque or the pointed waist and
drapery of cashmere are in tho dork
loud shad en, seal brown, golden brown,
briok-dust red, porcelain bine, bronze
or myrtle groen, with a preferonco for
brown and green very distinctly marked;
tho moiro box-plaited skirt or that of
plush is of tho same shade as the cor
sage, and a single color prevails through
out tho dress. Tho trimming preferred
is the open embroidery done on tho
cashmere, and only a small quantity of
this is needed, as it is confinod to tho
front of tho drapery, and to trimming
the basque. A pretty design for cash
mere and moiro skirts lias six plaits of
tho cadimoro, three on each side, moot
ing in tho middle of the front; besido
this is a moiro panel three fingers broad,
with chenille fringe at tho foot, and
further along tho sidos is a side-plaited
cashmere panel of five plaits, with two
bands of moiro at tho foot, while behind
is a draped cashmere breadth with tho
ends concealed. Borne panier folds
of cashmere bordered with moiro are
across tho hips, and tho basque has a
moire vest front and two box plaits
at the back. Other cashmeres have tho
pointed corset-fitted waist, very long
and sharp, with two moiro piping cords
as its finish, and Saxon embroidery of
cashmere on tho edgo. A directoire
basque of myrtle groen cashmere has
the doep-notched collar of changeahlo
green and red plush, with a plush
plastron and vest, whilo tho kilt skirt
has no drapery except a single cluster
of curved plaits of cashmere sewed in
tho sido scams, aud crossing tho back
breadth only. Laced crirdles of moire
with two points in front and behind arc
on the shirred and plaited waists of
cashmere basques worn by girls and
very young ladies.
New cheviot suits have silk braid
bindings instead of stitching, and are
made of small checks or blocks of two
contrasting colors, or else of striped
patterns. Tho waists|arc doublo-breasted
basques, round like gentlemen's morn
ing coats, or else they are close Frcnch
sacks with box plaits ret on to represent
the popular hunting jackets. The plaits
and belts are narrower on French
jackets than on the English styles in
vogue here. The skirts are mock kilts,
that is, with deep kilt-plaiting set on a
foundation skirt of silk, and the drapery
has wrinkled apron front aud bouffant
bock.
A Crntr lor IMnmoo<.
" Are there more diamonds worn now
than ever beforo in this country," a Now
York reporter ashel a jeweler.
"Ishould say so, most decidedly,"
was the reply " I hare hern in the
business orer thirty years, and I neror
knew such a rage for the stone as exists
to-day. I attended a garden par'.y at
the (trend Union hotel at tiara toga, and
I saw bnshcls of thorn. This is the
only way to describe the nnml>er of val
uable diamonds worn there, and most of
them were fine stones. Nearly every
woman there had big solitaires in rings
or earrings. You see the finest diamonds
are worn solitaire in studs, rings and
earrings, while for bracelets and hair
pins an inferior stone may be used, as
they are not so conspicuous. I noticed
one thing, however, at tbo Grand Union
—nine-tenths of the diamonds were not
clean. Dnst settlos on everything, and
it is astonishing how little care a woman
will give to her diamonds. They e.ire
ful ly inspect their gloves and shoes be
fore completing their toilets, but their
diamonds, often worth thousands of
dollars, receive no attention, becomo
dirty, and sometimes are lost.
" A lady enstomer of mine lost a very
valuable diamond after possessing it
eight years. If she had been in the
habit of giving the gem any attention,
she wonld have noticed that a setting
of eighteen-carat gold will wear ont in
timo and lose its grip on tho stone.
The large solitaire diamond is now pre
ferred to the elusler. Few diamonds
are now worn by gentlemen, except in
the case of young men anxious for dis
play. Here and there a gentleman
will wear solitaires on his shirt bosom,
but if he has good taste he will be care
ful that they are small or he may bo
taken for a gambler. It is astonishing
how much money is sometimes repre
sented in the diamonds worn by ladies
on a ' swell* occasion. It is a common
thing in New York society to see §IO,OOO
or §20,000 in diamonds on a lady's per
son. Mrs. John Jacob Astor has been
known to wear 850,000 worth of dia
monds at an evening reception, and I
should say that the diamonds worn by
Mm. W. H. Yanderbilt at the garden
party I spoke of were worth fully that
amount of money. Mm. Mack&y, wife
of tho ' Bonanxa King,' once offered to
buy the famous ' Ragout' diamond, tbo
most valuable in the world. It is valued
at a mem million, but the French gov
ernment wouldn't sell it."
Pastil** Mots*.
The English shoe, with low heels and
half high and large metal or paste
flbi A ' ■ . S*. > J '•
buckles on tho instep, is the favorite
houso or garden shoo.
Lace hats are worn again.
Fancy jewelry is still the rage.
Fans this season aro works of high
art.
The rage for Spanish loco has not in
the least abated.
Standing high collars nncl low rolling
collars aro equally fashionable.
Quantities of banglo bracelets are
worn over mouHquotaire gloves.
Even elderly women loolr,,~wcll in
white or ercam-colorod all-wool dresses.
Velvet and plush will be the high
novelty dress trimming materials of
1881.
Largo collars aro worn by children,
grown girls, matrons and elderly
women.
Capes of silk mull laid in surplice
folds about tho nock aro bordered with
fall frills of lace.
Little owls in black metal, with dia
mond, ruby or emerald eyes, aro
favorite ornaments.
Eight or more bridemaida, one-half
being littlo girls under twelve, is the
latest stylo in England.
* Cream-colored caakmcrc is tho fav
orite material for married women's
piazza dresses at Saratoga.
A growing fashion is that of inde
pendent jackets made of stuff that can
bo worn with any kind of a skirt.
The morning wedding is no longer
fashionable in England. Three in the
afternoon is now tho hour for tying the
knot in tho host society circles.
The loose-wristed, bnttonloss Sarah
Bernhardt glove of yellow, undressed
kid, or of chamois leather, is an almost
universal favorite, worn with all sorts
of toilots.
Velvet and silk corselets finished''
with piping aronnd tho edge and hav
ing two loops set at the back no as to
form a postilion kosquo aro much
worn.
Hpaniah jewelry, showing largo leaves
and flowers tinted in colors of pale pink
and emerald green, and studded with
fine sparkling gems, is just now in
great demand.
The wide belts worn by yonng girls
arr no longer fastened by IK>WK, but
have ono long end of ribbon allowed to
fall almost to the bottom of tho skirt
and caught in two or three loops.
Large buckles of Irish diamonds are
much used on white snd tinted silk
evening dresses. They fasten tho bows
of satin on the shoulders, and hold the
scarf drapery in place cn the sides of
the dress.
A new kind of cheviot has raised
threads scattered over it in such away
as to simulate buttons. It is called
button-cloth, and is made up in com
bination with a stuff striped by rows of
colored knot*.
Tho agrafe, highly-polished hooks
and eyes, in steel, gilt, or ;et, are used
to fasten the front or cordage ; small
hooks and eyes underneath, or con
cealed buttons, aie necessary to held
tho waist in perfect shape.
Plaited flounces aro still in vogue
gathered flounces will bo worn in the
make-up of soft materials. Watered
silks and shaded moires will figure
largely in the trimming line. Wide
girdles of moira aro fashionable ; they
are worn with both plain and plaited
basques.
Other Worlds than Ours.
The recent appearance of several
comets in oar skies baa l>ern taken ad
vantage of by astronomer* to znako ex
periments so as to tost certain theories
brought forward by able and ingenious
speculative philosophers. Mr. Itichard
Proctor, who recently lectured in this
country, .was of opinion that all the
planets and stare viaible in onr heavens
were, during some period of their ex
istence, capable of sustaining some of
tho higher forms of life. At first they
were fiery fluid masses, in which, of
course, life was impossible. This is
supposed to be the condition of Jupiter
aud Saturn to-day. As the planet
oooled, water and dry land appeared,
and finally life, first in its lower and af
terward in its higher forms. Then the
lime came when lifo died oat. The
earth is in the second stago of its evo
lution, tho moon in the last; no that the
existence of even an insect or a weed is
impossible on tho satellite that attends
the earth. Bnt the comets lately seen
hare discredited, in a measure, this
theory. Carbon is essential to organized
existence, and wherever it shows itself
some form of life has been manifested.
By means of the spectrum Professor
Draper has proved the existence of car
bon in the nucleus of the comet. Bnt
scientists have been unable to find any
carbon in the sun and in many of the
fixed stare It follows, then, that some
comets have developed life during some
period of their history. Bome of the
most magnificent of all tho bodies that
float in the azure blue are utterly devoid
of intelligence. Astronomy is a noble
study, and every parent should sec to it
that the children in the house are
taught some of its inspiring lessons.
Throe of the leading bank robbers of
thi* country have decided to quit the
bus! news this fall.
Head Men's Shoes,
A fow years ago a decrepit old man
crept around the shabby precincts of a
Southern town, of whom a singular
story was told.
He was the last male descendant of a
family to whom belonged large estates.
His uncle was the last possessor. He
diod without children. The property
was bequeathed by him to his wife dur
ing her life, and at 'her death to this
nephew, then a lad of fifteen.
The wealthy widow was at this time
flftyycarsold.andbyno moans healthy;
but she heartily disliked the heir.Jind
refused to recognizo him, or givo him
any immediate assistance.
But the boy congratulated himself
with the assurance that she could not
keep his inheritance from liim at her
death, and that probably her doath was
not far off.
Fifty appears old age to fifteen.
Hence, although the lad's mother was
poor, ho studied no profession and
learned no trade. Indeed, ho troubled j
himself very little about education of
any sort. Why should he drudge over
books or in any kind of business? His
fortune waited ready modo for him.
Years passed. The lad became a
young, middle-aged man ; a husband
and father. He had married a merce
nary girl, whoso eyes were dazzled with
this vast prospective fortune. The two
plunged into extravagances of every
sort. Creditors at first were lenient.
The aunt was now a gray, toothless old
woman. The fortune was surely near at
hand. But the patience of creditors is
not as enduring as the lives of oven the
aged, and at last even hopeful creditors
refused to extend their accounts.
Then tho crash came. The heir fell
into hopeless jioverty. His children
died. Ilis wife left him. Ho went
about thotown, gamblings little, drink
ing a good deal, "cursing his luck"
always, but never working.
The aunt lived on. The heir grew
old, became a paralytic, and finally was
sent to tho almshouse, where, after
waiting for years for tho womau's shoes
who wonld not die, he dropped hope
lessly ont of an empty lifo into the
grave. The womau lived to bo ono
hundred and three years old, and at ber
death the estate went to the Htate of
Tennessee.
We do not often find a case of wait
ing for "dead men's shoes'* so extreme
as this. But in degree, the same effect
is produced whenever the heirs of
wealthy parents aro brought up without
any profession or practical work.
Their youth passes in idleness, wait
ing for death to make rich men of them;
and out of tba idleness too frequently
grow dissipation and corrupt character,
if, as is often the case, the fortune takes
wings before they gain possession of it,
they are left stranded and helpless
wrecks in life. Vouth'* Companion.
A I'aradUc of F'kh Stories.
If anj one wants real choice, reason
able fish stories, he should go to
Minnesota. Polks have no fancy for
the incredible np there; the facts are
so plenty that exaggeration is simple
folly. A party of anglers were seated
around in a Minnesota doW-j€, with a
fine string of fish, a few days agV act
ing for a train, and killed time by re
lating their experiences. Several pretty
stont yarns were narrated, when a long
armed Minnesotian, who appeared to
be a resident of the town, and had ap
parently taken a great interest in the
stories, interrupted the meeting by
saying that he was possessed of facts
tliat would diaeouut any that had been
cited. What be was about to tell was
true, because it had been bis own ex
perience. Alluding to some remarks
that had been made about tbo rapid
growth of fish in Minnesota waters, he
said that four years ago he caught a
three pound bass. As he did not wan t
small fish he threw tho body back into
tho water, but before doing so tied a
little toy tin whistle to its tail. Three
years later ho caught the same fish,
which weighed ten pounds, and the tin
whistle had grown to bo an enormous
fog born\ The statement was not dis
pntod^^Aicago /tr-Oc*in.
Playing With Fire.
They have discovered a kind of il
luminator in France which gives light
bnt which doca not consume. It is a
mineral essence, which when put in a
lamp gives light when
a wick. M. Cordig, the inventor, after
filling and igniting a lamp, dashed it
against the ceiling of the lalwiatory.
The blaring fluid waa scattered over the
floor, and on the persons of the lookers
on, but strange to say, no one was
burned or scorched. A pocket hand
kerchief was then soaked in the fluid
and set on fire. A fierce flame resulted,
but the pocket handkerchief was unin
jured. The fluid was then set on Are in
a pail, and the bystanders plunged
their hands Into the burning flame. A
prickly sensation followed, but no
scorching or burning. In short, the
discovery has been made of light with
out heat, of an artifloial fluid in which
there is no danger of combustion, Tho
occupation of insurance companies 'will
be gone when this fluid is in general
use.
TOI'ICH OF THE HAY.
Mr. Jenkins; of the British Agricul
tural commission, explains why the
farmers of Holland are successful. Ono
man works a farm of 200 acres, with
the aid of his wife, his daughter, four
sons and four hired laborers, and the
sons work harder than the laborers.
The old man is credited with possessing
8125,000. One woman of eighty-threo
does her own house work, makes her
own butter, and is worth 8125,000.
Fancy sporting seems tamo in com
parison with the experience of a fanner
at Dayton, Wis., who discovered and
attacked several wolves while out look
ing for a flock of sheep. After a des
perate fight, in which all his clothing
was torn off, his hands and legs were
badly bitten and the lower half of ono
ear was snapped off, ho killed them.
Ho received 877 in bounties from the
Htatc and sold the skins for a fair price.
The latest returns of live stock and
fresh meat importations from the United
Htates and Canada into England at the
port of Liverpool shows large increases.
For a single week in Angnst the quan
tity of live stock was double tho quan
tity for tho week preceding it, and in
fresh meat there was considerable ad
vance, particularly in beef. The totals
were: Cattle, 1.80 M; sheep, 2.800;
quarters of beef, 4,7-18; carcases of
mutton, 453. No bogs whatever were
landed. Moro pigs, however, were
raisod in England last year than for
somo years previous. There aro now
in tho country 2,048,000 of them, or an
increase of 47,102 over 1880, and 43,525
over 1870.
Extended inquiries made by a Phila
delphia paper ahow that the recent
drought covered a wider area than any
other aince 1872. Two-third* of the
States were in great need of rain, and
New England seemed to bo the only
really favored section. The middle tier
of States, stretching from the Atlantic
to the Rocky mountains, were most
seriously affected. In New Jersey
market gardeners suffered great losses.
In Western Pennsylvania, &ew York,
Ohio, Illinois and Southern Michigan
the greatest damage fell on corn.
Tobacco was injured fifty per cent, in
Pennsylvania, Virginia, Kentucky and
Tennessee. Indiana hadn't known such
a drought since 1850.
There are lines of railroads on the
five divisions of the earth which coat in
the aggregate 810/(00.000,000, although
it has been but fifty-five years since the
first railroad worked by steam was
opened. These lines of railway, in
length, wonld reach eight times aronnd
the earth. Baron Kolb, a statistician,
has made a calculation in which he says
that in Prance, previous to railways,
one traveler in every 3.15,000 was killed,
and one in every 30,000 wounded,
whereas upon railways, from 1835 to
1857, there was but one in 5,178,800
killed, and one in 580,450 wounded.
According to the baron, if a person was
to spend his entire time in rmilwsy
traveling, the chances in favor of hia
dying by railroad accident would not
occur until he was 9GO years old.
It is not only true that the English
harvest this year is had, but the amount
of land sown to grain is in some respects
considerably leas than in former years.
In wheat 2,806,057 acres are sown, which
is less by 103,081 acres than the acreage
for 1880, and less by 81,187 than that
for 1879. Barley retnrna 2,412,105
acres, or a decline of 21,421 acres as
against last year, and about 200,000
acres as compared with the year 1879.
Oats, however, show an increase of
104,290 acres over 1880, and 211,507
over 1879. With regard to live stock
there was a decline. With cattle it was
only 522 in a total of 5,911,524, but
with lambs and sheep it was much more.
The total this year of sheep and lambs
is 24,582,154, which is smaller than last
year by 2,036,806, and smaller than the
year before by 3,574,923.
In some localities in Italy and Bpain,
and in Eastern Europe, and in Western
Asia, the chestnut crop is equal in im
portance to the wheat crop in Ohio.
Ouestnnt bread constitutes tho princi
pal food of more than a hundred mil
lions of people, the healthiest, hand
somest and most sinewy people in the
world. This fact leads the Oolumbus
(Ohio) Journal to advocate chestnut cul
ture for the {United States. Ohio's
annual chestnut crop is valued at
$60,000, and the Journal thinks it ought
to be $20,000,000. Chestnut trees one
hundred feet in height and from three
to seven feet in diameter can yet be
found on the hill tope in Southern Ohio,
growing in soil which cannot be made
to produce five bushels of corn to the
acre, and where oak, hickory and other
trees are there dwarfs. The chestnut is
a valuable timber tree, and is of very
rapid growth. Under favorable cir
enmstaaeen a bearing chestnut tres
twenty feet in height can be grown
from the seed in fire yeans.
A New York paper recalls the follow
ing memorable cases of men who bare
I—Tp*— —-*■
seemed orer. William of Oriiige-B(ag~
sen, the founder of the Dutch republic,
when shot through the face and neck
by a Spanish assassin, recovered con
trary to the expectation of both friends
and enemies; Richard L of England
survived the fever which prostrated
him in Palestine, although his best
physicians had pronounced his case
hopeless; Sultan Baber, the Mogul
conqueror of India, in the sixteenth cen
tury, was once so reduced by sickness
as to be unable to swallow anything
but a few drops of water ; the English
King William IIL, though sickly from
his very birth, was thrice given up by
his doctors before the end came, and
oven then owed his death chiefly to the
effects of a fall. A still more singular
instance was that of the famous Italian
statesman, Cardinal Bentivoglio, whose
life was despaired of from quinsy. The
servants and physicians, thinking him
already dead, had quitted the sick
chamber, and the universal silence em
boldened the cardinal's pet monkey to
issue from the nook in which it had hid
den itself. Putting on its mister's red
hat the animal began to admire itself in
the mirror, grimacing and chattering
so comically that the moribund car
dinal bnrst into a violent fit of laughter
which broke the quinsy and saved his
life.
An industrious German, Baron G. P
Kolb, ban late]j compile 1 a book of
universal (statistics which farniahea
much food for thought. His flgurea
show that every advance made by a
people in morality, in profitable and
healthy employment and useful knowl
edge, brings (it nearer to the ideal—the
greatest natural tenure of life. Domes
tic virtue also tells favorably on the
health and wealth of a population.
Thus, in Bavaria, out of 1,000 children
born alive, there died, of legitimate
children, 248 boys and 212 girls; of
illegitimate, 361 boya] and girls.
Oat of 100 children suckled by their
mothers, only 18.2 died during the first
year; of those nursed by wet nurses,
20.33 died; of those artificially fed, 60
died; of those brought up in institu
tions, 80 died in the 100. The influ
ence of prosperity or poverty on mor
tality is also shown by Baron Kolb.
Taking 1,000 well-to-do persons and
another 1,000 of poor persons, after five
years there remained alive of the pros
perous 943; of the poor, only 655. After
fifty years there remained of the pros
perous 557; of the poor, 283; at sev
enty years of age there remained 235 of
the prosperous, and of the poor, 65.
The average length of life among the
well-to-do was fifty years, and among
the poor, thirty-two years. One of the
most potent shorteners of life is the
anxiety of providiog for bare (listenoe.
The lark of sanitary conditions also
shortens man's years. Idleness, as
compared to intense industry, out
weighs prejudicially outweighs all
the advantages of ease and abundance.
Recent statistics of emigration show
that the Mormon* are growing and ag
greaaire rather than feeble and defen
sive. According to the New York
Krtning I'att one ateamer which nailed
from Liverpool had on board five hun
dred and fifty of theae peculiar people*
and the whole number from that port
for the summer is aaid to be more than
two thousand. Perhaps all of them do
not intend to practioe polygamy—
though, aa they are probably young con
verts, they are quite likely to be fired
with the proverbial zeal of neophytes
for their faith. But even if they should
not addict themselves instantly and in
dustriously to domestic plurality, sc.
cessions so large to the Mormon com
munity must contribute to its strength
and encourage its leaders to m.ini.;..
their organization with all its offensive
features. The contribution is some
thing more than numerical. The fact
that the community is able, in the face
of public opinion, not only to hold its
members together, but to sttrset to it
self many emigrants from Europe, must
have a powerful moral effect upon the
saints of Salt Lake and upon their atli
tudo toward the Gentiles of the United
States. Evidently whatever is to be
done about the remaining " twin relie
of !>erberism " muat proceed upon some
other theory than that polygamy is fast
dying ont and that the evil will pres
ently cure itself. Another feature of
the policy of and a very
significant one, is that whenever they
make agricultural settlements they en
deavor, and almoet uniformly with suo
eean, to drive swsy " Gentile " settlers
by the process of " freezing ont," that
K of having no intercourse with them,
giving them no aid in esse of need, re
fusing them all assistance and co-opera
tion in their daily work, and aoaoyiag
them, on the contrary, as ranch as pos
sible. The result is that Gentile set
tlers give up their farm a, and the Mor
mons remain exclusive masters of the
Acid. This process is going cm net
only in the agricultural districts of
Utah, but in Southern Idaho, Northern
New Mexico and Arizona, and wherever
the Mormons gain a foothold.
There are thirteen lines of railroad is