lion the Esquimaux Dress. In tlio fnr of the reindeer nature has provided the best possible protection from the cold with the least amount of weight to the wearer. It might bo pos sible to cover one's self with asnillciont quantity of woolen clothing to guard against the coldest weather of the North, but it would require a man of immense muscular power to sustain the load. Two Hiiits of reindeer clothing, ' weighing in all about five jKHinds, are quite ample for any season and are worn j - in the coldest weather. At other times ; ' one suit is all that is necessary. The inner coat is made of the skin of the i reindeer killed in the early summer j when the hair is short and as soft as velvet, and is worn with the hairy side next to the bare skin. It is at first diffi cult for one to persuade llimself that he will be warmer without his woolen un* dershirts than with them, but he is not long in acquiring the knowledge of this fact from experience. The trousers are made of the same material, ns are also the stockings that complete his inner attire, or, so to speak, his suit of un derclothing. This inner suit—with the addition of a pair of seal or reindeer skin slippers with the hair outside and a pair of sealskin boots from which the hair has been removed, with soles of walrus or okejook skin and drawing strings which fasten them jnst below the knee- comprises his spring, sum mer and fall costume. The boot* have also an additional string passing through loops on the side, over the instep and behind the heel, which makes them tit comfortably to the ankle. In winter sealskin is entirely dis carded by the native Esquimaux as too cold, and boots of reindeer skin, called mit-co-lee lee', from the leg of the ani mal, are substituted, and snow shoes of the same sort of skin, with the hair in side, and a false sole of skin from tin face of the buck, with the hair outside, complete the covering of his feet. This hairy sole not only deadens tin- sound of his footsteps upon the hard snow, but makes his feet mnch warmer, as it has the same effect as if In- were walking upon a carpet of furs instead of upon the naked snow. In or windy weather, when out of doors, the native puts on another coat called a koo'-lee tar, which is made of skin with ln-avier fnr from the animal killed in the fall. The winter skins with the heaviest and longest fur are seldom used for clothing if a sufficient supply of the fall and summer skins has been secured. They are princij>ally used for making what might be called the mattress of the bed. Sometimes, however, in the severest weather, a coat made of the heavy skin is worn when the hunter has to rit by a seal's blow hole for hours at a time, without the least motion, waiting for the animal to come up and blow. In cold weather, when out of doors, he also wears an outside pair of trousers, called see'-ler-par, which are • worn with the hair outside (all trousers are called kok'-e-lee, the outside see'-ler par and the inside one* e'-lno-par). The inside coat is called an ar-tee'-gee, and is made like a *a< k with a tail attached and a hood, which can be pulled up over the head at pleasure. Tin- kok'-e-lee arc lioth made with a drawing string at the waist, and only reach a short distance below the knee. They are very wide there, so t hat when the wearer sits down his bare knee is exposed. This is not as disagreeable to the wearer, even in that climate, as one wonld naturally suppose, hut is nwlly more unpleasant for the spectator, for lie not only sees the bare , knee but the film of dirt that encases it. The coats are very loose also, and expose the bare skin of the stomach when the wearer r<-aches his hands above his head. The coats of women differ from those of men only in having a short tail in front and a mnch longer one behind. They also have a loose bag on each shouhb-r and the hood is mnch longer than the men wear. The women's out aide eoats are always made of the short hair, the same as are their ar-tee'-gee. Their tronsers reach further below the knee, fit closer to the leg, and are worn with the hair side out. Women never wear but one pair in any weather. Their stockings and boota are made with a sort of wing extension at the ankle and coming np over the I>ottom of the tronsers have a long strip, by which they are fastened to the belt that also sustains their at the waist. To secure the necessary amount of skins for his family taxes the skill of the best hunter, for they must be secured in the summer and fall. Each adult requires six skins for his outfit, besides the number for the bedding. Take, then, an average family of a hunter, two wives and three children, j ami he must hava for the adult* eighteen skins, eleven for the children, three for liis blanket—one blanket is enough for the entire family to sleep under—and aliont Ave for the mattress —a total of thirty-seven skins. This is more than many of them can seenre during the short season of good fnr, but others msy kill many more, now that they are supplied with fire anus, and those who have a surplus will always supply the actual needs of the more unfortunate; but often much suffering occurs before their wants are mot.— New Ym k Iferahl. How Oil-Cloth Is Made. All the burlaps on and of which oil cloth is made is manufactured in Dun dee, Scotland. It is mude from an India grass. It is sized lint, when it is ready for painting. It isn't painted witli brushes, but with a knife. A great long knife. The end of the burlaps is passed under the blade. When paint is ladclcd 011 the burlaps by the gallon, machinery takes hold of it and draws it between a roller and the knife, and the blade scrapes off all the superfluous paint as it passes through. No brush could lay the color 011 so evenly. They paint sixty yards of burlaps in a minute. Then when it is dry it is sand papered by machinery and other eoats of paint go on. From four to nine coats of paint are put on, according to the quality of j the oil-cloth. All the blocks from which oil-cloth is printed in these- and, with few exceptions, all the manu factories in the United States are made in Hallowell, .Me. The block is aliont eighteen inches Hqtiare, and is made of three pieces, the inside block is pine and outside blocks are maple. The printing surface is sawed across at j right angles with very fine saws, which ' work automatically, and don't need any superintendence after they have been started. When it reaches the factory the surface of the blocks look like a box of matches: the designer then paints his design on paper, lined out in tiny squares, a perfect dupli cate of the block. In copying the design on the bloc* the ojM-rator j one block for each color, and the copying is done with a chisel, the nper- j ator cutting away all the little squares i made bv the saws, except those covered ! by the pattern. It is like worsted work. s "four squares to the right, three traight up. five to the right, three down and four to the left." The same old three greens and then a brown*' l-nsim-v j The,designer is limited to few colors, and lias to make the most of his com binations. These blocks are then fitted with handles, and the printers go to work. The |dcttc is a great revolving table with pails of the different paints laid upon it. Two men work at each j table, and the o]>eration of printing is like stamping letters at the mailing 1 table in the postofficc. The printer j ships the black on pad. then sfrikes it j on the oil-cloth. First the white, say. j And there 1* a scattering meaningless ; picture of little white squares. Then the red i* struck on. more little white j dots that look 1 ik-• nothing. Then the green, and you flunk yon can see some thing like a leaf. Then another shade, and other, until yon see a cluster of leaves and birds in a figure, outlined by a very distinct color, and the printing is ready for the " masher," which is a block just like the others, only all the j squares left on, not one struck out. j This is pressed down on the figures by a hand-press, and the printing is ! pressed down evenly and smoothly. If the printer wants to give a square or " pegged " apj>enranre to the finish of the oil-cloth, the masher is sawed both ways, in the bunch of matches style. If lie wants to "line" the finish, the " maslier " he uses has only been sawed one way, and the oil-cloth lia a ''lined" appearance on the surface. This work is all dono by hand, guided only by guages, but so perfectly is it done that the figures never lap, ami you will have hard work finding where the blocks join on the oil cloth. They print each day at each table 120 yards of oil-cloth. ■ Then the cloth goes into the "ice house "to dry. The ice-house is frozen by steam. Superintendent Dun very kindly told mo to put on my overcoat | licfore I went in. I pntit on. and when I got in there the thermometer marked 17"> degrees above ami still a going. I took off my overcoat. The cloth is then ready to vnrnish. This is done w-ith brashes, fourteen brushes, which a man works with a crank. Here in these works thov varnish fourteen thousand yards a week. And if yon want to know any more abont oil-cloth, write to Salem I ran make it myself, bnt I haven't time to write any more aliont it.—Our j linrjlon /AurA - 1/. In Tlmliiicloo. Dr. Oscar Lena, the Austrian ex plorer, has returned to Europe after an expedition to Central Africa which fow Christians have ever rivaled. He pene trated the Sahara desert, from Morocco to Timbnctoo, the Mecca of Ethiopia. Thia ia a feat attended with as much danger as the well-known journeys of Captain Hnrton and Pal grave to the sacral city of Arabia. The adventurous Austrian passed for a Turkish doctor in his travels in North Africa. Dr. Lcnz saw enonrfh to convince him that the mystery which enshrouds Timbnctoo ia maintained for other than spiritnaliatic reasons. He fonnd that the slave trade is carried on there njon a very large scale. There are gronps of immense huts, which form whole qnartersof the town, and in these the slaves are lodged, while they are also nsed as warehouse* for ivory, gold dnat, ostrich feathers and wares. k Tit A UK IN It I ItIH,PS. 110%% it* Nrw L.tiuhunlr. Won 11 NIIIIIIM r ol <|uiirti*r Dollar*. Nino persons sailed from lirnttleboro down tho Connecticut river. Among them was a shrewd Now Englander who wished to go to Hanover, upon condition that ho would give the captain one dollar for lii.s passage. Now it iH time some thing jingled in tho New Englandcr's pocket w hen ho hail struck his hand against it ; but tho only money there was a twenty five-cent piece, for the Other was a brass button. Notwitstanding this ho accepted the offer with gratitude ; for ho thought to himself, " Hunicthing may bo earned, even tijioii the water. Who can deny that many a man has grown rich upon tho Connecticut river?" During tho lirst part of tho voyage the passengers wore talkative and merry. I!ut as the vessel sailed onward the pas sengers one after another grew silent and gaped, and gazed listlessly down the river, until ono cried to tho New Enphuider: "Come, now ; do you know any pus time that willumuae us?" " Now is the time," thought tho New Englander, " to shear my sheep." He then proposed that they should sit around in a circle with him. Those who could not answer tho questions any one proposed should Jmy the one who pro poonded them a twentv-fivo cent piece, and thoso who answered them jierti nently should receive a twenty live-cent piece. This proposal pleased the company, and hoping to divert themselves with the New Englandcr's wit or stupidity, each one askisl at random whatever chanced to enter his head. Thus, for 1 example, the first asked: '• Who prolongs his work to as great ( length as possible, and completes it m time?" ■ All •-aid it was impossible to answer that question ; but the New Englander said : "The rojie-maker, if ho is indus trious." And the others paid him twenty-five cents. " Wait," thought the second; " I will try yon at the Bible, and I think I shall win my piece." "Why did tho Apostle I'aul writi the seeond epistle to the Corinthians?" " Because ho was not in Corinth," i said the New Englander. "Otherwise tie would have sjioken to them." Ho he won another piece. The third tried him in a different way: " There are two brothers, and still , only one of them is my uncle." " The nucle is your father's brother," said the New Englander, " and voni father is not your uncle." A fish now leaped out of the water, and the fourth asked "What fish have their eyes nearest together?" " The smallest," said the New Eng lander. The fifth asked : " How can a man ride from Hanover to Brattleboro in the shade, in the HIIIII mer-time, when the sun shinesV " Wiiofi he comes to a plaee where there is no shade he must dismount And go oti foot," said the New Englander. The sixth asked: " When a man rides in the winter time from Brattleboro to Hanover, and has forgotten his gloves, how must he manage so that his hands shall not freeze 7" " He must make fists out of them." said the New Englander. The seventh asked: " How can five persons divide five eggs so that each tnan will receive one, and still one remain in the dish?" "The last man must take the dish wilh the egg," said the New Englander. " and he can let it lie as long as yon please." The eighth, who was the last, asked: "In what month do tho people of Hanover eat the least?" "In February," said the New Eng lander, "for it has only twenty-eight egan: j " How ran a man fry two tronts in three pans, so that a trout may lie in lurch pan V No ono could answer this, and one aftor another gave him a twenty-flve cont piece; but when the eighth desired that he slionld solve the riddle, ho rock ed to and fro, shrugged his shoulders and rolled his eyes. " You see, I am a poor man," said he at last. " What lias that to do with it ?" cried the rest. " Give us the answer." "Yon must not take it amiss," said the New Englander, " for I am very poor." At last, aftor much persuasion, he thmot his hand into his pocket, took out one of the pieces he had won, laid it npon the table and said: " I do not know tho answer any more than you. Here ia my piece." When the others heard this, they ojiened their eyes and said it was scarce ly aeeording to the agreement. But aa they could not control their 1 aught/' *. anil were wealthy anil good-natured men, and an the New Englnndcr had helped them to while away the time on their voyage, they let it puna, and the New Englander took with him—hit tin aee. Ho had eight twenty-live rent pieces by hit* answers, eight with his own riddle, ono in his pocket,to start with, one he gave back and four he gave to the captain. - ihtUUn The American and EuglMi < ablncls. In both the United States and Eng land tho cabinet, as a body, is unknown to the constitution, and is not officially recognized by the law. The name " Cabinet " never occurs in formal documents; it Ims gradually come into use, from the fact that in England the king's advisers were wont to meet and consult him in his private cabinet. Each cubinet officer, however, is officially recognized in both America and England— not as a cabinet officer, but as the chief of one of the great de partments of the executive administra tion. In this country such an officer is known as "secretary "—the secretary of state, of the interior, and so on. In England the title of secretary is used for the five highest administrative ofl! cers, those of foreign a flairs, home affairs, the colonies, India and war. The office corrcsjtomling to our sec retaryship of the treasury, on the other hand, is in England divided between two high officials (lie first lord of the treasury and tho chancellor of the ex chequer; the officer known to us as the secretary of the navy is called in Eng land the first lord of the admiralty. In England, moreover, there are sov oral cabinet officers unknown to our own cabinet. These are the lord high chancellor, tho president of the l>oard of trade, the chancellor < f tie- Duchy of laxncaster, the president of the • inncil and the lord privy seal. In the United States the no tubers of the cabinet are nominated by the Presi dent, and are approved or c nlirmcd by the Senate. The President can also remove any one of them at any time. Hut in England the cabinet is really selected by the prime minister, mbjcot to the approval of the queen; and, though he i-an remove them, the Eng liah cabinet usually comes in and goes out of office in a'body. There are other notable differences letween tho two cabinets. In the United States no cabinet officer can sit in either honae of Congress. In Eng land no man run sit in the cabinet who is not a memlier of either the common* or lords. \Y ith 11s tlio cabinet officer has two, | and onlv two, function* astb chief of mi cxi-ctitive d.-jtartment nnl a. nil advi m rof the President on mntt ri of gon- | end policy. Willi the* English the oabi- I net oflier adds A third function to these two, for lie i n parliamentary leader, Mid in the mmmoci or lords defends j either the policy of his own depart- j ment or the general policy of the rain | istry of which he is a nionilwr. While in the mother country n cabi net always goi-s out of power in a body ! when the house of commons casts a vqjc adverse to its proceedings, in the I'nitcd States the |K>ition of the cabinet, as a j whole, is quite unaffected by any vote of either or both houses of Congress. Each English cabinet officer has his own rank and dignity, while the Ameri ' can secretaries are officially cqnal. The i salaries of these officers, moreover, differ widely in the two countries. Our seen - taries get S*,(KO a year. The English prime minister receives 825,000 a year ; so do the chancellor of the excheqner atid the five secretaries of state. The lord high chancellor has $50,000 a year, and a pension, when he retires, of $lO,- 000 a year for life. The lowest salary received by an English cabinet member is $1(1,000, which is the sum received by i the president of the council, the lord ! privy aeal, the president of the ls>ard of trade and the chancellor of the Ihicliy of Lancaster. From these differences some idea may lie derived of the contrasts which appear lictween the institutions of the ancient monarchy of England and our own atill youthful republic. Origin of " Yankee." The origin of the word Y'ankee is now difficult to trace. The old spelling was Yankey. Home have said that it waa coined in Eurojie and used to designate all persons in the American colonies. Others have argued that it con Id be traced to the Indiana in their attempts to pronounce English, and called them Yamgheca. The learned Dr. Thatcher declares it was first used by one Jona than Hastings, a fanner of t'ami:ridge, Mass., as a rant won! to express excel lence, as a Yankee good hnnae or Yankee good cider-just as the people of Louisiana, when recommending any article for sale at New Orleans, declare it is real Creole butter or Creole eggs. At any rate the word Yankee has be come a famous word, and while our Honthnm brethren point indiscriminate ly to all Northerners as Yankees, never theless the genuine Yankee will continue to le found "down-East," where he wss first discovered. When he is found in any other quarter of the country he may be recognised, lint he is away from home.— Chicago Inter-Ocean. TOI'ICH OF THE OA*. Englishmen regard with much in terest the recent sueeeHsful experiment of shipping frozen mutton from Aus tralia. Jho meat was delivered in good condition in Enndon utter a voyuge of sixty-live days, and was found to ho of excellent size and flavor. It is said that there is no meat of which England stands more in need of foreign supplies, for the home supply is rapidly dimin ishing. During the jsist year there was a falling ofl in sheep and lamlis of l.fiOtl.OOO head in England and Wales, exclusive of Scotland and Ireland. If any ono still doubts the necessity of the government's taking some action to protect tho forests of tho country let him read the statistics given recently in tho X'n'trrn Lumhwinmi. A careful compilation shows that the actual quan tity of pine wood cut in the three States of Minnesoffi, Wisconsin and Mii !ia; the crew of the Zephyr and the crew of the Prosperity, whose heads were cut ofl and sent about to the villages, whili their bodies were smoked and put in the t .: sion house as trophies. Nevertheless, says a New York paper, it is lieyonil question that white voyagers were the original aggres sors- and although some of these vic tims apparently had no evil intent ;n landing they paid the jienalty of the crimes of others who were guilty of great wrongs and cruelties to the na tives. After (K'ing maltreated by some white men tb<- savages knew no wav of self protection but to at ark all visitors of the same color. There lives in Vinton county. • > . a most remarkable family, Mr. Iteiijamin Reynold*, tlie }ath<-r, was lmrn in Mar i tinaburg, Ya . August 22. IT'.si, and in | the year IHII he wan married to M is# l Svsan Shrivcr. who was lwirn in the i year 1793. Mr. Reynolds, with his I family, started West in I*l*. and in Dooemlier of thnt year settled in Ohio, | and has since that time livi-d on the same farm. The most remarkable part iof the history of this family is thuir i longevity. Mr. Reynolds is in his ninety-first year: Mrs. Reynolds is in her eighty-eighth, and both are well ' preserved. They have fourteen cliil | dren, all of whom are living. The i oh,est. Henry, is sixty-nine years of j age. The youngest child is forty-three : years of age, and the average age of jiarents and children is sixty-one years. Age of the fathc.r. ninety-one years; age of the mother, eighty-eight years; com bined ages of the children, *oo yeac*: total of all, 9711 years. There are over fifty grandchildren, many great-grand children and not a few great great grandchildren. , Those who have lielioved that the I Sahara desert is the bottom of a long 1 dried up sea ; that it is considerably lower than the surface of the ocean, and that to convert it again into a big sheet of water all one has to do is to dig a canal, say to the Atlantic coast, had liettcr read the lectnre recently deliv cred in Paris by I)r. Lena, who traveled through the desert from Morocco to Timbnetoo. He reports that the Sahara really forms a great plateau which has an elevation of atont 1,100 feet above the level of the Atlantic—a fact that makes the idea of flooding it ridiculous. There is nowhere a depression lielow the level of the ocean, and it is not a dead sandy waste. There are rocks and sandy plains and oases covered with grass and stagnant sheets of water. Fresh water fossils are fonnd in abnnd anoo—another proof that it is not a dried up sea The climate, Dr. Lem says, is not nearly as hot as he expected to find it, and wild l>easts are rare, the most dangerous inliabitants being the tribes who a short time since massacred the French Trans-Sahara expedition The doctor may be accused of " bull ing " the Trans-Sahara railway scheme which has been talked about a great deal of late in France, but aa his story is also that of recent scientific ex plorers the probability are that he does not exaggerate the good pointa of the desert. The wolfs sense of smelling is pecu liarly strong. He can smell carrion the distance of nearly a mile. MORAL AM) RKI.ILIOrs. Jmml the Difl* iriMf, Home rncn im/vn tbroai(b life a* a band of music moves down street, fling wg out pleaauro on every side through tin' air to every one, fur and near, that can 1 intern Home men fill the aii with their presence and sweetness an orchard* in ()c tobcrdaya fill the air wit li perfume of ripe fruit. Home women cling to their own houses, like the honeysuckle over the door, y.t, like it, sweeten all the region with the Hiihtile fragrance of their good ness. There are trees of righteousness which are ever dropping precious fniit around them. There are live* that shine like star beams, or charm the heart like songs sung UJOII a holy day. How great a bounty and a blessing it is to hold the royal gifts of the soul so that they shall be music to some and fragrance to others, and life to all! It would he no unworthy thing to live for to make the power which we have with in us the breath of other men's joy; to scatter sunshine where only clouds and shmlows reign; to till the atmosphere where earth's weary toilers must stand with a brightness which they cannot create for themselves, and which they long for. enjoy and appreciate Chri linn 'it ( Vorlc. KHltfloU* SfHa filial NotfS, The synod of New York and Phila delphia of the Reformed Episcopal church have been united under one council and bishop. The Rev. Joseph Cook, who is lect til ing in Ireland, receives a grmt deal of attention. He recently dined with the Archbishop of Dublin. The :t*2,y2oCongregationalists in the I'nited States gave lu; year for their religious work $-"J,tit2,tf22.21, or at average of nearly 8 Pip. r meml>er. The American liaptist Missionary union cloM-d its financial year with a debt of less than s2't.tS|o. The Home Mission society will carry ov d< l>t of $30,000. The Rev. J. H. Inskip, who is on an evangelistic tour round tin- world, is holding, so recent advice* ay, a re markable revival m-etii:g in Guile, Ceylon. A church tad Bundaj w 1• -l isaigi w will be hi Id at tlci-an (it v<\ X. J . July I s 2\ under the direction of the Il< v- J. L. llurlhurt. TIJC annual camp meeting takes place i i August, op.inrig on the 10th and cloaitig "ii the 2'ith. In a certain Western conference of the African Methodist I jUM ojuil church a presiding elder was suspended from the ministry one day, expelled the next, re stored to tlie ministry on the third day, and made presiding elder again on the fiiurth day. King Met an, of Uganda, in Africa, is tlie most capricious and unreliable of all heathen monarch*. Hi* renunciation of the Christian religion he had professed and his repudiation of the missionaries were some months ago reported. Since that he has accepted, and in turn re jected half a dozen different and con flicting faiths. The latest account* from him is that lie has turned Mohammedan. This is said to l>e in consequence of an aw ful dream which vexed him one night. Mr. Moody Iwing asked in Denver, Col., whether the meetings in San Fran cisco were satisfactory, replied: " Xo, they were not satisfactory, for nothing leas than the conversion of every man in the city would have satisfied me. Bo' the results were gratifying—very gratify* ing." He exproaaed dislike for the title "revivalist." "Revivals rest solely with God !" he exclaimed. " 1 can only do my boat to aid in it." Animal* Before an Earthquake. An Italian writer on the recent catas trophe on the island of lochia mention* thotto prognostics of an earthquake which arc derived from animal*, They were observed in every place wh.ll the shocks were audi a* to IK* generally per ceptible. Borne minnte* ltefore they wen> felt the oxen and the cow* l>egan to ltellow, the aheep and goat* bleated, and mailing in oonfnaion one on the other, tried to break the wicker work of the fold*; the iloga howled terribly, the geese and fowla were alarmed, and made much noiae; the homo* which were fast ened in their alalia were greatly agi tated, leaped np and tried to tweak the haltera with which they were attached to the manger*; thoae which were pro eeediug on the roada suddenly atopped and anorted in a very atrange wwy. The eat a were frightened, and tried to con ceal themaelvea, or their hair bristled np wildly. lUbbita and mo lea were aeen to leave their holea; birds rose, aa if scared, from the place* on which they had alighted; and fiah left the bottom of the aea and approach**! the shores, where at some places great numbers of of them were taken. Even ante and reptile* atwuidoned. In clear daylight, their anbterrmnean holea in great dis order, many honm before the ahoclw were felt. Home dog*, a few minatew before the flmt ahook took place, awoke their sleeping masters by barking and polling them, aa it they wished warn them of the impending and several persons were thus cnabyfl to nvt themaelvea. JI