Wilson, MeFarlane Co., Hard ware Dealer*.
HARD'W" AREI
WILSON, McFAHLANE & CO.
DKALKRB IN
STOVES, RANGESHEATERS.
ALSO
Paints, Oils, Glass and Varnishes,
AND
BUH-DEBS'
ALLEGHENY STREET, .... lIUMKB* BLOCK, .... RRLLEFONTK, PA.
llnsines* ('arils.
HARNESS MANUFACTORY
In Garman'A New Block,
BKLLKVONTB, PA. I LY
W? P. BLAIR.
1 • JEWELER,
WATCIIM, CLORES, JKWKLRT, AC.
All work neatly cxwuted. On Allegheny atreet,
UII'I'T BRA kirhofl Honn. I tf
DEALERS IN PURE DRUGB ONLY.
5! I ZBLLBR& SON, a
R FT • URIOOIMTS,
' No . Brorkerlioff Row. £
G F All the Standard Patent Mediriuea PRE-' *
5R lecrlptioii* and Family RWLP* arrurately •
50 'prepared. TruMvt, BBUUE>r bracM, Ac., Ic. 3 i
K j 4-tf | I
T OUIS DOLL.
1J PAHIIIONABLK BO>T A BIIOKMAKKR*
DRAT k*l huff Kow, Allegheny street*
1 -ly BIII>FCLTI T PA-
C. BUMKI, PREA'T. J. f. HURW. fa*h'r. 1
I?L RST NATIONAL BANK OF
_T BELLEFONTE.
Alleghany titrret, Bellefonte, Pa. **tf
CENTRE COUNTY BANKING
\J COMPANY.
Receive Repx-ult*
And Allow fnter-at.
IHW/nunt Nolea;
Buy and HELL
Gov. Hecuritie#,
Gold and Coupon*,
Jiut* A RBAYBB, Preaidwni.
J. D. HHCQBRT, Caahier. A-tf
TRAVELER S GUIDE.
BELLEFONTE & SNOW SHOE
R R.—Time-Table In effect ca nd after March
I.1U1:
Leaves Snow Shi* 5.34 A. arrive* In Bellefntile
7.24 A. w
Utm Uellefeuta 9.12 A. M..arrives *t Snow Sho
11.24 A. a.
Loirn Sn.wSho* 2.30 r. w.,arrive. in Bellafonte
4.30 P. a.
Leaves Bellefonte 4.44 r M., arrive. t Snow Shi* |
7.24 r. a S. S. BLAIR, Gen I Superintendent. ,
OAI.D EAGLE VALLEY RAIL-
I) ROAD—Time-Tatle, April l"<:
Rip. Ml! WIMWAM. AAATWARC. Rip. Mll. I
A.a. r. a. r a. A. a.
A |0 703 Arrtre at Tyrone LAT..... 7 12 * 44 I
* 1 655 Leave East Tyrone Leave— 7 ■ ' A44
759 41 " VAII " ... 742 *4.
744 47 " Bald Kagls " ... T47 02
74* 630 " Ri.wl.r " ... 743 9i
742 SI " Hannah " ... 7V. 9 1.1
734 024 •' Port M.tlld. - ... *on 1
727 017 Martha " ... AO7 915 |
71* 0* ...... " JuiUn " ... 14 9XI
7 9 447 M I'nlonvllle " ... A 2.1 • - 1
7 •> 44* " Snow Shos In •• —A 32 844
040 444 •' Mileshurg " ... A34 94*
A4O 435 " B'llefonto " ... A 4.1 947
030 524 '• Miteshurg " ... A5410 i
24 514 ...... " Cnrtln " ... 90010 19
014 AlO •• Mount Eagla " ... 12 10 2'.
6 9 &01 " II war t " _. ♦2OIO 37
644 440 .... " Eaglevilla M „93*10 49
4 M 4 A'. " In h I'rwk " ._ 9410 44
434 433 •• Mill IIAII m —94411 |A
629 430 •• Flemingtna " —947 11 'JO
634 424 " Lork IUo •' ...10 01 11 24
* -"22 ' ' '"*
IJENNSYLVANIA R AILROA I>.
JL —< Philadelphia And Erie Dlvtaion.) —On and
after December 12, 1A77 : ,
WESTWARD.
RRIR MAIL leavm Phi ladelphia 11 54 p m
" " lUrriil>nrr... w —, 424 am
" " Willtamsport t34 a m
" " l.xk Harm 9 40 an
" " Rsnovo. 10 44 am
" arrlrm at Rri... 734 p m
NIAGARA EXPRESS Irara. Philadelphia.. 7 30 a m
" llarrtabwrf.... loviam
" '• WilKam.port, 2 2o p m
" arrlTM at Rannro 4 topn
Pajarn(r hj tbia train arrir* In Bell^
font, at 4 33pm 1
PAST LINK leave. Philadelphia. 11 44 am
"" " llarrl>hnr|t...„ 3 3.4 p m
" " M llltameport 7SO p m
" arrive, at Lork Haven ............. I pip a
KAeTWARIi.
PACIFIC RXPRESS leav*. lk ll.ven ... A4O ■ m
" "
" arrlre. at ll.rri.hnr, ...„ II 44 am
" " Philadelphia.... 3 45 pm
DAY KXPRRSS learea Ranoro 10 10 a m
" " l*k ll.ven ......... II pian
" " Wllllamaport 12 40 am
•* arrive, at Harrtabnr, 4 lo p m
" " Philadelphia 730 p m 1
RRIR MAIL leave# Reaov , A34 p m •
" " Lork llaven ~ M 944 p m
M " Wllllamaport.. II 04 p m
" arrive, at Itarrlahnric 2 44 a m
" " Philadelphia 700 a m
PAST LINK leave. Wllllamaport 12 34 a m
" arTlve. at tlarriahurf 3 4A a m
•• •• Philadelphia 734 a m
Rrie Mall Weal, Niagara Riprewa Vimi, Lnek Haven
Accommodation Waat. and Day Ripreaa Raat. make
cloae connecllona at Northnmkerland with LIB.!
R. rrmlna fur Wllkeaharre and Scranton
Rrla Mall Weal. Niagara Ripreaa Waat, and Erta
Ripreaa Weat. and Lock Haven Accommodation Weat,
make cloae ronnarUon at Wllllamaport witn N.C. R
W. trelne north.
Krte Mail Weat, Niagara Ripraaa Weat, an d Day
Ripreaa Raat. make cloae connection at Lock llavan
With B R V R R traina
Erie Mall Raat and Waat connect at Erie with traina
on L. S A M. A R R.. at Corry with O. C. A A. V. R
R, at Emporium with R N. Y A P. R. R„ anl at
Driftwood with A T R R
Parlor can will run between Philadelphia and
on Niagara Ripreaa Waat. Erie Ripreaa
Waat, Philadelphia kipreae Rut and Day Ripreaa
Kaat, and Snaday Ripreaa Raat. Sleeping car. on all
•l,bt traina. Ww A. Ratnwiv,
Oen'l Snpartntendent.
1 ÜBARD HOUSE.
V I OORN'RR CHESTNUT AND NINTH STRRRTS,
muMtntA.
Thta henee, prominent In a city famed for Ita mm
fortalda hotela, la kept tn every reap— I avpiai to any
flrat-rlaaa hotela In tha country llwtng to tha atrtn-
Rencyof the llmaa, tha prka of board haa bean red need
ta mam POILAAA par day. J. M KIHBIN,
14Lt Manager.
MONEY To , " oan at 6 per Ct.
itivyxi A3 A Br T)(K MUTtIAL LIFR INAI'R
ANCE CO. OP NEW YORK, on Arat mortgage, on
Improved farm property. In an ma not leea than fo.'f*),
and not eireadlng one-third of tba praeent value of
the property. Any portlim of the prtnrtpal ran I*
paid olf at any tlma. and It haa been the rnetom of the
ompany to permit the prtartpelto remain aa long aa "
tha borrower wtohm, If tha Interval la promptly paid
Apply to
CIIARLRB P. SHERMAN. Attorney.at-law,
427 Oonrt atreet, Reading, Pa, ,
or to DAYID I. K LIN P., Co A Appratoer. 1
3-tf ■atletonte. Pa.
RI ILMOHE A CO.,
V T LAW AND COLLECTION IIOI'SR,
629 F HTRMT, WAAIIINOTON. D. C.
MakeCollertlona, Negotiate lewne and attaad to all
hnalneaa confided lo them. LAND SCRIP, Seldler'a '
Additional Homeatead HlghUand LAND WARRANTS
bought And aokt. 4Mf .
VC la (ftft par day at borne. Sample* worth 14
JPOJD fraa. Add ram A. UTIXsON 5 CO, <
I'ro/'essionat ('arils.
II A. McKEE,
* * • ATTOHNKY AT LAW.
4JF-tf Office o|i|KMitr Court IloU*a*, llellefuntr, P*.
FIELDING,
! I LAW AND COLLECTION OPFICR,
I <*> l ULEARPIELD, PA.
\\T A. MORRISON,
' * • ATTOIINBY AT LAW,
BEI.LKRIINTK. PA
(im.ill Woodring'a Block,opp-aita the Court ll"uae
CouaulUlltiii in or Geirnnti. 2-ly
I C. T. ALII4JIM*. C. M BOWtA
ALEXANDER A BOWER,
I ** ATTOBXKYB AT LAW,
Bf llefonle. PN , m%y !e eon<>iilte<| h, Kuii*L ur Ger
nAn. Office in Grifin B Buililini. |-|y
JAHKS A. IIATKI, J. WMLIT OIFBABT.
HEAVER T GEPIIAKT,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Offlcr oo Allegheny aire, t, north of High, Uell
fonte, I'a. j.,y
nF. FORTNEY,
a ATTORNEYAT-LAW.
IIKLLKRONTE, PA
l*at ihxir to the left In the Court llunee. 2-ly
lOIIN BLAIR LINN,
*' ATTORNEY AT LAW,
BKI.LKROXTE. PA.
Office Allegheny Htrt-et, o*er P<MIT Offi. r. • *il-lj
I L. SI'ANGLER,
*' • ATTORNEY AT LAW,
BELI.RPONTK. I KNTHK Oiil NTY, PA.
Special attention to Onllertlona; practices in all the
Courts; Consultation, in Herman or Kogllsli. 1-ly
ns. KELLER,
• ATTORNEY AT I.AW.
Office on Allegheny street South aide of Lynn'i
store, Bellefnnte. I'e, |.|,
T. a. Meaner. rrnr* aogpos.
MURRAY A GORDON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
CI.EARIIEI.D PA.
Will fttfeni th* B'-llwfntite Court* whn
eru|il'jwl. 1 |y '
T C. HIPPLE,
L a ATTORNKY AT I.AW.
13* K HAVEN. PA.
All !>n*lnee promptly *ttwo'lwi to. My
\\\M. P. MITCHELL*
' ' PRACTICAL St RVRTOR.
I/ICR HAVEN, PA ,
Will attend to all work In Clearfield. Centra and
Clint' n counties.
Offi' e oppoeite fork llaven National Bank '.*o-1 y
W C. HEINLE,
' ' a ATTORNEY AT LAW
BELLI roNTK, PA
Offi— In four** lions*, Allfh*ny
uttwnttnn m*n to the collertion of rleJme
All Ineinee* itisnfM t> promptly. *ll/
w. I. VAIXACB. P L I
WALLACE A KREBB,
* 7 ATTURNKTS-AT LAW.
CI.RAKFIELD. PA.
Will ettwnff end try cpneee at Bellefnnte when ape
rUII j retained 11/
TATXLLIAIf McCULLOUGH,
V ATTORNEY tT I AW,
CLEARFIELD, PA.
All huaineaa promptly attende.l to My
I \R. .IAS. 11. DOBBINS, M. D.,
1 ' PHYSICIAN AND SUROEoN.
Ofllc# AlUirheuj It.* over 7de4*ler'a Drn* Htore,
BKLLKrOBTK* PA.
nR. J. W. RHONE, Dentist, can
he found at hla office and reaiffwnce <lfl > #rl h
•Me of llifh at reef threw doorv Knat of Allewheny.
lWl|efnte. Pa. I6*ly
CANCER REMOVED*
VV T ITHOUT KNIFE, ami in most
V Y raeea without pain Apple to
C. w p. riSIIKR. Bnalahnrg.
12—3 m• Cawtre County. Pa.
|Ro||
P A TRUE TONIC
A PERFECT 3TRENCTHENER.A SURE REVIVER.
I HON BITTERS are highly recommended for all diaraec* re
quiring certain and efficient tonic ; r*perially Indium ion, Jtyprpttn, Inlrr
mtllrnl Ftver t, Want of AppriiU. Is** of StrmgtM, bv-k of F.ntrgy, rtr. Knriche*
the blond, trengthen the nuncfe*, and give* new life to the nerve*. They art
like a charm on the digcativc organ*, removing all dynneptic eymntoni*, atirh
a* Tatting thr Food, Udeking, Htat in Ike Slomnrh, Hrarlbvrn, rtr. The ntlly
Iron Preparation that will not bine-ken the teeth or Rite
licnilnclie. Hold by all dniggiftt*. Write for the AIJ C Book, "i j>p. of
uaeful and amtuing reading— urnt frttt.
BROWN CHEMICAL CO., Baltimore, Md.
BITTERS
IIALBERT E. PAINE,
late Ownmlmioaer of Patents.
BENJ. P. OKAFTON. STORY R. LADD.
PAINE, GRAFTON A LADD,
AUorney+at- laiw and Holkitort of American
and Foreign Patent*,
412 Firnt HTECIT, WAiaiNoroK, D. C.
Practice patent law In nil Its brmnahee In the Patent
Office, and the Supreme and Circuit Court* of the
L'nltfd State*. Pamphlet scad fraa. 4Alf
New AdverHHetnrntH.
1 I J. BAKER & BUO.,
| x I • MAHurAOTfur.M or
COMI'LKTE MANURES,
rn
| POT ATt I KM, c A It It A OK, CORN, OATH.
WIIK AT, Kit 111T TICK KM,
AND KVKItV FA KM CHOP.
Tli-1... M*nur. . nr.- prepared eape.lally f„ r rarli
aeparaleernp, < .mtiilnliiK In n rme-.-nlrnted fnrin Jnt
the |>lnt fuul, lii th exact pro purlin It., ri-.j ill rr-f| to
produce a lartro Weld
Th.y nr.. CHEAPER THAN HTABI.K MA.M.'RIM,
I Msdsclai stash bsttsr sad wars tsrtala --.ii-
Vear* of llehl trial huve proved till* to l the correct
aystcin ut fertlli/jtlloii.
Ala. manufacturer*, irn]K<rtnr* onil dealer* In
; I'rimt' Agricultural <licmicnls,
UTIUCTLY
PURE GROUND BONE,
; SULPHATE OP AMMONIA,
NITRATE OK NOli.t.
Mt'ltlATK i>K POTASH,
' ! SULPHATE OK POTASH,
ACID PIIOSPIIAT PS,
I.A.ND PI.ASTK.It,
POTASH HALTS, A,
QUALITY GUARANTEED.
(Trrnlur* RlvliiE full particular. ami r.,nUiiiliiß farfa
intTMtlllK to (MrillPlft, lllltll-'l oil Mlloti.
1G3.F1! OfTii-f POMrl St., Now York.
pKNTRAL HOTEL,
V-V (Oppn.ile the Railroad Station.)
MII.KSIIURO, CENTRE COUNTY, PA
A. A. KOIILIIKCKKK, Proprietor.
THROUGH TRAVELERS „n the railroad will And
this Hotel aa excellent place to Isseh, or pi a
mtal All. Til AI N tu| Islntllt 'III liillirit. a. 47
t * W KKK |! ' % lUv ut It tor* •. ,)v fuadr
/4 * -tlj Outfit lttv* A! Ire* Till I. A r<l. 4
ffnM.t, Main*-. £.)y
EGPBITTS^^
(A .?icd><ine, ttnt a ilrli.L.)
los t;.. j
f nous, m enu, uanui: aki:, I
f DANUI.I.IO.N,
2 AM.TJI* P.-l -. • > Ve,., , I.C'I XLI I
■ TISA of ALL otlli.lt illl. -
| tii i:v \
1 .. M
I SIOOG i:i COLD.
I I. rni' it I "I
KI O K
I ' • ' g
i'. y I
OW.Aai Hi .1, ,11 tin. :,j SBUMHSK
I All .-•<. B
E V:
Cnttlo Crock, Michigan,
_ V/.:■ rJ A J . ,
' f ' ( ...... ;rr _ *^*3^
Traction and Plain Englnos
and Horso-Pcwors.
Mai Oagrt. TtmHrr rvtwy ' Established
la IS. HMM. t 11MB
Q 9 YEARS
£L roAuaamtr-rit. r r l<wt •>. ii"lwo
- brwasj rrti*')i *MR .| owr futmU.
--
sTrot.rowFit ftrPAitvroßM om
( Oiuplt fr strain Outfit* ' *./ !;• cWt/tsd
Trurt lon I ngincs MM! Plain l.oilnn
•vwr m+rt n U>r ktwrt- *n nmrkrC
A ta/nfodr of sper of fetfwTM sad imtfrm swrafi
f*t l*l.ba*dh"f w't'l 'Nfl'-f '/tseifl!% Is rnastrwr.
lb- wi/rVM'# not flrr*rj-evl 4 tjj . 4h' r ti.Akera. i
firiir of from || l>> 12 horap
CHdNhrnt J-, ft* e'e tw, <*# Aweee l"v#r
T* M ;r T't f! -tw
7*AA fVAn i rrt nf UtnHrr
,UUV,UUU l/r*m fAre# t-> ew yw*o 4e#f)
crt)*tnrit'x nn hftrxf. whL h t !t the Üb>
crffaigumlsk wrwvltrrk <4 mir tnvhU*-*
TRACTION ENGINES
Farmera nnd Thrr-abrnoen " Inrtted tS
torMitrib* th. ssMsteA/**' Tnrwh;:.< MhtbiWT.
Clrcuksr* sv*ft A'! )mm
NICHOLS, BHEPARD A CO.
Rfitflc Cfffpti, MieM^"
ST. XAVIER'S ACADEMY,
NKAK LATKOBK, PA.,
NEARLY half a Gntitrj old, from
■Met, lb mo.l pmntlnent are) raltlvate.l w..n,.n
In Penn.ylvaala have *r*,hrtl..l, ,)t„. m,., ihonnub
wturaii.nal aid* sad hi.iimt ataadant nf reflnlns la
fln*neM Pnpll* admitted at any time Vnxrlv a*,
pma* ahnnt Rise.
Addrma, SISTERS or MKRCT,
1 H -c i•P. O , Weat more land mmtf, Pa.
fIARMAN'B HOTEL,
o Oppnall.Cmirt lloaae. HKLLRrONTK^PA.
TERMS tl PER DAT.
4 fssd LI very attached. ).)
Bhe Ccntrr democrat.
HKLLKFONTK, PA.
WE surrender a largo portion of
the agricultural spneo in to day's is
sue to the second of .Mr. DiMcndcr
fer's series of articles upon the cul
ture of tobacco, as published in the
New Era. A careful reading of this
chapter in the light of our own limit
ed experience shows us nothing
whatever to criticise or object to. All
of the advice given in it is sound to
the core- We venture, however, to
suggest an improvement in the meth
od* given by the author for making
his ridges and leveling them for the
setting of the plants, byway of econ
omy in time and labor. Instead of
using the common plow for making
them, we use the double corn plow
or "scraper," common in this county,
setting the wings so close as to
make a complete ridge, and having
one lead the other slightly, to give
any stones or clods which may chance
to be thrown up, a chance to roll
down to the bottom of the ridge. In
this way we manage to do double
the amount of work, and make
straighter and more uniform ridges
than any we have seen done with the
common plow. When a sullicient
number have been made we hitch the
team to a common lield roller, one of
the light kind made with eart wheels
filled in with plank, in two sections,
with doubletree and neck yoke long
enough to permit tin- team to "strad
dle" two rows, and drive up and down
the ridges, rolling and leveling in the
ls-st manner two at a time. I'nless
there is some objections to leveling
and packing the entire ridge instead
of only the spots on which the plant
; is to grow, of which we are not aware,
; this makes quite as good work as can
I IK; made with a h<>e, and it will be !
| readily seen that this saving in time i
| and lalsir at a hurrying period in the
i season is very great.
TOBACCO CULTURE.
How to Grow the Coming Crop,
wars TO now THE GROIN D— son AND
CORN I ASH*— TIIB REST SOIL—I-StSAB
-I*o THE HEl.ll* HOW I lA>*E TO PLANT
SLI II 1 AMI M( LMAEV,
The seed l>ed well under w*v. the
next care of the tobacco grower will l.e
the proper preparation of the ground j
on which the crop in to he rained. Here
quits a* much judgment and rare frtuat
Is* exercised n in the preparation of
the need bed. Thorough preparation of
the noil will tell on the future crop just
an certainly a* csrelesaneas will result
in failure. It in important, therefore,
to mart right and keep right to the end.
Sten *oll. REUI IREO.
We presume no one need* to he told j
that the tobacco plant is very exacting i
in the matter of sodn, and will l,e con- i
tent with none but the bet. He who j
cannot supply thm want might a* well j
not undertake the cultivation of the
crop. Under pro|>er treatment and fa '
voratde condition* tobacco will do well ,
on many aoiln, hut the beat needleaf is !
with very few exception* grown on lime
stone land. There aeema to be some
thing especially conducive in this geo j
logical formation to the production of j
choice cigar tobacco. A warm friable
toil, such a* it commonly known among
farmer* a* a sandy loam, renting upon
a limestone formation, i* much the heat
tobacco land. Fine alluvial anils, auch
a* are found along river bottom*, excel
all other*. In many of the northern
countie* of this State there arc tine to i
haccn land* along the Susquehanna and
its tributaries, while thoao a few mile*
distant are comparatively valueless.
Perhaps the best tobacco land in the
world i* furnished by the islands in the
Susquehanna.
St* GROUND TIIE REST.
It ia equally well known that new
ground, a virgin soil that ha* never
been made acquainted with the plow
and the harrow, ia far better than land
which ha* long been under cultivation.
It is on auch ground that the heat re
sult* in tobacco culture have been at
tained. In the Southern tobacco grow
ing States, where land* are plenty and
cheap, and where forest* still cover
much of the country, new land* are
commonly ued. In fact, their system
of culture necessitate* such a course.
With u* here in Lancaster county, tin*
course ia practicable only in exception
al cases. Our forests are nearly all gone,
and landa seldom-attainable. Ihiring
recent year*, however, the limited
wood* *till left have been heavily drawn
upon to supply tobacco ground. It
*eWn a pity that our foreia should be
felled aolely for this purpose.
THE REST LOCALITIES.
Tobacco ground should be chosen aa
well for it* locality a* for ita richness
and productiveness. It should have a
southern exposure, if possihle. It ought
to be slightly rolling, rather than flat,
on account of the belter drainage,
which ia of no little importance. Lands
sloping gently upward from the water
coursea are preferable to uplands, al
though these are frequently damaged
by heavy rains and flood*. * Dry, well
drained soil it of much value and im
portant in thia matter. In many place*
the brown or choeolate colored soil of
thia county rests upon a shivered in
stead of compact limestonn formation,
affording a mott excellent natural drain
age downward, which relieves the
ground of ita surplus moisture. This i*
another of the many natural advantages
which the farmer* of thia county have
for the production of this crop. Al
though tobacco requires a liberal *h*re
of ram, an exceaa of moisture is fatal to
a good crop and to fine leaf. This is
why a loamy, friable soil ia best suited
to the culture of the tobacco plant.
This al*o make* slaty, sandstone and
freestone formation* appropriate for
tobacco growing. The color of the soil
has II!*O much to do in influencing the
crop, .lust a* the dark-colored soil* of
thin county are largely to bo credited
with the rich, chestnut colored leaf of
which we boast, a light-colored ground
will ho likely to impart to a certain ex
tent it* color to iho tobacco crop grown
on it. In thg northeaatern portion of
Lancaster county there ore red *and
atone districts in which the earth and
rocks are failry red, hut buyers assure
u* that when these lands are heavily
manured the tobacco grown on them is
of excellent and hardly distinguishable
from that grown on more favored soils.
A CHANGS OV OROUND DESIRABLE.
Most farmers are accustomed to
change their tobacco ground from year
to year, although some plant on the
same ground two or more year* success
ively. There i* no good reason why the
same ground should not produce good
crop* continuouNly, if well fed and
cared for. Two years ago we saw a crop
taken off an alluvial field on the Cones
toga, which was the ninth in regular
succession. The grower told u* it wa
equal to the first one, and it was really
hard to heat. Hut while these repeated
croppings are possible, we do not think
they should he encouraged. They are
likely to work harm to the rest of the
larrn, and in tbi* way: If tobacco is
grown on the same ground for a series
of years, an undue share of the con
tents of the barnyard are carried to
one spot instead of being distributed
in due course over the entire farm.
When the manure in carried upon the
name sjot in excessive quantities year
alter year, the remaining acres are
hound to suffer und the general condi
tion of the farm will in all probability
run down. There ran be no doubt
that except in special cose* a new site
every year or two tor the tobacco field
is advantageous. In thm way all the
held* in turn get their heavy coating of
manure and the average fertility of the
farm i* kept up. 'The tobacco grower
should ever bear in mind that u time
may come when toh*rco growing may
he no longer desirable or profitable, and
when he will have to fall hack on hi*
UMIHI farm crop*. If he discover* that
thm special crop has, through the un
due prominence given It, lowered the
general productive capacity of hi* acres,
it would have been well for him per
haps, if he hal never grown a single to
bacco plant.
TALI. AND SPRING PLOWING.
It is hardly worth while at the pre*
ent time to more than simply allude to
the fall plowing of tobacco ground;
hut we cannot allow the op|x>rtunity to
p*M to advocate its more general prac
tice. Spring plowing only m the almost
exclusive rule among our farmers, hut
we believe they would find it to their
advantage in many repect to give the
ground it* initial plowing in the fall.
We say initial plowing, because more
than one plowing m almost indispensa
ble to a good crop, and is largely prac
ticed by tobacco growers in Lancaster
county. A* a rule tobacco ; put on
the previous year's corn ground. A
few old growers, however, turn down
sod, and do it in the fall. Their testi ,
tnony i conclusive upon a very itnpor
taut point . they are agreed that the
cut worm* are far li s* numerous in the
following spring and consequently lea*
destructive. Tin* i* in itself a most
ini|Kjrtant consideration and deserving
of attention. 'lf course, the land should
le turned before the gr*s has withered
and died. I'nle.* thm i* done little or
no advantage is derived from the grass
crop turned tinder. The heavier the
vegetable growth on the ground the
more satisfactory the result the follow
ing year. Then. too. to let the turned
up turraws Ik, m ridge* during the
w inter exj*>ed to the various weather
changes, ha* a mot happy offset uj>on ,
the soil. No good re*ull* could come
from turning od in the spring for to
bacoo. There would IK? no lime for the
vegetable ma** to dcoomjmse ami lie
come available a* plant food for the to
bacoo plant*. No doubt corn stubbles
would be all the better for like treat- |
ment in the fall, although in the latter
case it would be best to plow under the j
manure, so that in the following spring
it would IN* brought to the surface again
better prepared by decomposition to |
feed the tobacco plants.
est or FERTILIZER*.
The general rule, however, as we
have already stated, is to plow corn
ground in the spring for the purpose of
preparing the tobacco field. Iwo or
throe weeks before the plowing is to be
done haul out your manure, and, let us
say right here, put o* nothing but ttabU
manurf. The ex|>erience of the past
quarter of a century in thia county has
unmistakably pointed out that no oth
er fertilirers so tar used give such excel
lent results. We do not think we err in
saying that much of the reputation the
tobacco of Lancaster county has so just
ly acquired is due to the almost exclu
sive use of barnyard manure. We can
not impress this fact ton earnestly on the
mind* of our tobacco growers. We do
not say artificial fertilisers have not giv
en good results. The tobacco grown by
their use is, however, not in favor with
packers or manufacturers. It burns
with a darker and less compact ash.
whereas with a good soil and well rotted
barnyard manure a tough, light colored
ash is almost certain to result. These
are the requisites demanded by cigar
manufacturers, and the grower must
cater to their needs. If the buyer is
aware that artificial fertilixer* have been
used, he will rate the crop lower than if
barnyard manure had been put on the
field. I-el no tobacco grower lose eight
of this fact. Let hint not he deceived
by attractive analyses of this, that or
Ihe other artificial fertilizer. They may
be just as represented ; but if lie "wants
to grow the best tobacco and command
the top market price, he must stick to
barnyard manure. That, and that aiooe.
will enable htm to produce the best ar
ticle that can be grown.
UfAXTITV or XAXCRB.
It ia unnecesaary to go inu> minute
detail* m to the proper quantity of
manure to bo drawn on mi aero of
tobacco ground. A good rule to go by,
ia to boar in mind that tou yon oan'i
well put on 100 much. Two year* ago
Col. Young, of Middlotown, hauled it
ro thick that the men who apread it
declared their could hardly find plaoo
enough on which to put it; the ground
waa completely covered, hut the crop
proved the wisdom of the plan and
amply repaid the outlay. besides, it
must he borne in tnind, the manure 1*
not intended lor the food of the tobacco
crop alone. Wheat commonly follow*
tobacco, and it i a well known fact
that the crop of thia grain grown on
tobacco land la commonly the boat rain
ed on the farm. Therefore, in manur
ing tobacco land you are at the aarne
time providing for the succeeding crop
a* well. Always bear that in mind, and
then haul out a few load* more. What
the tobacco cannot make use of will
moat likely give you an increase of five
bushels per acre in your wheal crop.
I'LOWINU rue I. A NO.
Tobacco ground must not be scratch
ed over, but plowed, and plowed deeply,
especially at the first turning of the soil.
The roots go down a considerable dis
tance, and the ground roust be prepar
ed to that end. The aubsoil must not
be turned up, however, as that would
prove an injury rather than a benefit.
Where a second plowing is intended,
the earliest |>eriod the season will allow
should be chosen to plow down the
manure. The second plowing may be
done a week or two before tbe time of
planting comes around, not so much
because unfavorable weather may inter
vene and the land not lie ready when
the plants are large enough to be set in
tbe field. The prudent planter will so
regulate these matters as not to be
caught napping, but be prepared to
avail himself of every favorable condi
tion of weather that may present itself,
and thus loe no time in giving his crop
the most favorable start the circum
stances will allow.
THE l-NOl-EK CONDITION OK THE OKOI ND.
'I be old adage, "A good preparation
is half cultivation,'' is no where morn
applicable than in the thorough prepa
ration of the tobacco field. Let no labor
be spared to put tbe soil in perfect con
dition. The more complete and thor
( ough tbe tilth, the more likely is final
success to attend tbe grower's efforts.
The cultivator and the harrow should
be put into the field until every clod
j and lump has disappeared, and it lojks
more like a carefully prepared garden
bed than anything else. The more fre.
| quently the fie|<| is gone over in this
' way, the less likely are the worms to
i bother you, or the grass to annoy you.
Let the lattsr get no foothold thus
early, and the field will be all tbe better
for it tbe entire season through. Noth
ing more offends the tobacco planter *
eye than a tobacco field in winch the
f<-w weeks' old plant* are hidden from
sight by a rank growth of grass and
weed*. A few acres of tobacco ground
are soon gone over with a harrow and
every time this t done another step in
the direction of final urce* has been
made. Tbe season may be dry, and
therefore unfavorable to putting the
! ground into the best condition ; unu
sual snd persistent effort* must, there
fore, be msde to do the best possible
under the circumstances. If the grower
has availed himself of the earliest op
{•ortunity tbe season afforded him of
preparing h i ground properly, he will
attain the desired tilth and not be com
pelled to trust to luck and the elements
when tbe last moment arrives. It pays
! to take time by the forelock in this
matter as it does in rotny others.
TUBOW ING I P THE RIDCEK.
I lie ground having been thoroughly
pone over and brought to its highest
(•ossible condition it is ready for ridg
ing. The favorite implement with our
farmers for this work is the common
plow. It is not well to plant on an
even surface, as heavy rains may in
undate the young crop and do it irre
parable injury. The ridge is made by
throwing two furrows together from
opposite aides. These should be about
eight inches high and raked even at
the top, all stones, clods and rubbish
being carefully removed. After this is
j done tbe ridges should not be higher
than six inches. In a wet season a
greater elevation might do no harm,
but it would hardly be beneficial, while
in a dry one the plants would certainly
ufTer Irorn drouth. The ridges having
t>een msde. a man should go over tbe
field with some stick of pro|>er length,
or a wooden compass of tbe requisite
expansion, and mark out where the
plants sre to be set. Another person
with a hoe should come after him and
j cut down the tow slightly at tbe mark
ed places aod press the" place lightly
with the back of tbe boe to proviJe a
firm and level bed in which the plant
may be set.
DIST4XCE BETWEEN THE BOWS AND PLANTS.
Considerable difference of opinion ex
ists as to the proper distanced at which
the rows should be apart, and also as
to how closely the plants should be set
in the row. Tbe former varies from
three to four feet and the latter from
twenty two to thirty inches. These mat
ters should be controlled by the quality
of tbe soil snd tbe kind of tobacco
planted. Where the soil is thin, and a
heavy growth cannot reasonably be ex
pected, three feet between the rows
may be enough. When "Havana seed *
is planted, three feet will also be ample.
When, however, the soil is naturally
rich, and has been heavily manured
besides, four feet is not too close. We
have seen a crop of "Pennsylvania Seed
leaf and of 'Hileaner" at maturity com
pletely hide the ground when planted
at this distance, showing that any near
er distance would have given infe
rior results. Extremes are, however,
to be avoided in this matter as in all
things else, and we incline to the opin
ion that taking one season with another
the most satisfactory results will be ob
tained by making the rows 3J feet apart.
This is the general practice by the large
majority of farmers.
Tbe distance between tbe plants in
the row, a* we have aaid. varies at tbe
wbira of glowers from 22 to 30. and
sometime* even more inches. Cuban
tohaeoo. which grow* ull. ia short leaved
and not so spreading as our native va
rieties, would not be too close probably
at 22 inches, but this is entirely too
little for our broad leaved kinds. For
the latter 27 inches ha* been found to
yield tbe beat result* in average mason*,
and la pretty generally adopted. These
distances allow ample room for a *uffl
cient development ol leaf, which in due
season shade* the pro,ind most effectu t
ally, not only keeping down the weeda
but preventing the rapid eva|-oration of
moisture from the ground. The plant
er cannot go far amies if he (dopt* the
schedule of 3j feet by 27 inches in ash
ting out his plants.