Wilson, Mr Variant .f Co., Hardware Dealer*.
HARDWARE!
W "WILSON, McFA.IiLA'N'E & CO.
V DKALKKS IN
f STOVES, RANGES? HEATERS.
ALSO
* Paints, Oils, Glass and Varnishes,
AND
BUILDERS'
ALLBOUKNY STREET, .... 11l MK"' BLOCK, .... BKLLEFONTK, PA.
v |
It a nines* Curtis.
HARNESS MANUFACTORY j
in Harm*!)'* New Block, '
BELLKFONTK. PA. l-ly
1/ P. BLAIR,
I 1 • JF.WKI.KR.
WATCtIU, CIOTU, JKWKLRT, AC.
All work nrally .ifcutad. On Allrgh.uy atra.l,
ttnd.r Bfock.rhoff 1i0n... 4-tf
DEALERS IN PURE DRUOB ONLY.
3 I ZELLER & SON, a
kf *' • lißi'ooisrs.
2 No •. Brockerhoff Row. £
w I All the SUinUrd htpnt Mwllcluw Pre *
K [•criptlou* end Family Recipe# ** nratel) .
N InrpMrctl. Triuavs, Shoulder Bruce*, Ac., Ac *
K| • 4-f I
I OUIS DOLL,
XJ FASHIONABLE BOtiT A SHOEMAKER,
Br H ki'itofl How, Alleuhrtijr
l-ly Rellffotlt*. P*.
C. RUMBA, PfWt. J.t BAMIII.tWr,
171UST NATIONAL BANK OK
I BELLKVONTK, ,
Allegheny Itml, Rellefoilte. P*.
/VENTRE COUNTY BANKING
V COMPANY.
Receive pej-Ht*
And Allow Inten**t,
Ihwoiiur Soiw;
Bi> and Ml
<Jo\. Securltlee.
GUM and Conponi,
JAM EA A Rrom, President.
J. I). BHUOVET. Oaehier. *- |f
TRAVELER S GUIDE.
BELLEFONTKA SNOW SHOE
R. R.—Titn.-Tald. In elfrrt on ami aft.r March
J,IHil:
."now Shoo .V 36 4. N.,arrirra lu IHl.font.
7.24 A. * A
Uarn Brllrf.ntr 9.12 A. rrirr V "now "Ito.
11JA> A. U.
Loam "nw Bho. 2.30 r. M.,arrir.t In BrUafonl.
4 .11 r. n.
Lrair. Brllrfonlr I W r. w . nrrlrr. t "now "ho
7.25 p. w 8. ". BLAIR, tt.ti'l "up*rlnt.nd.ut.
BALD EAGLE VALLEY RAIL
ROAD—Tttn.-Table, April 1"*"
Kip. Mall. WMTWAkB. laarwaaß. Kip. Mai'.
A. u r n. rw. A. *.
a lo 7 irj .......Arrlrr ml Tyronr Latata..... 7 112 a la
a A 66 lawra Ka.t tyronr l.rair... 7 I® a 11
7M> 441 " Vail '• ... 7 4.' a
746 417 '• Bwl.l Eagla " —T 47 9 i 'i
74a 14 - Fowlrr '• —T 11 'J *"
711 11 41 •• Hannah " ... 7 .V* 913
734 fi 44 " Fori Matilda " „. auo 9i
727 4l* " Martha " ... *O7 924
7la r. oa ...... M Julian " ... 4IS 932
7 9 467 " I ntonrllla " ... *23 19
7 (i I4a ...... " Bnow 8ho In " ... *32 944
4•* Isi " Mllntari ... * aIV
444 436 .... M Brllrfonta " —8 43 947
436 424 '• Mtl-Utrg " „. *6410 '*
426 614 '• Curtln " —9"4ln 19
lit Sln " Mount Kagta " ... 9121n 24
ti 401 " Howard " —92"10 37
646 4 rat .... •• Kagl.rilla " ... 93a|0 49
660 446 '• 1t... hi r..k " „. 940 In .'4
4 .14 4 :vl •• Mill Hall " „. 96411 14
629 4Sn •• Fl.mlngtoa " .„ 967 ll'At
621 424 " Lock Harm •• ...10 nl II 24
I )EN NSYLVA NIA R AILRO AD.
1 —<Philadelphia and Rrit I>i4tn.>—On and
after 1 i, 1*77 :
W KMT WARD.
KRIK MAll.lMtF* 11 Upin
• 4 " lliirriNrg MMM . MM , M ., 4 2ft a m
M u iltim|*>rt AX%a ra
'* *' Lurk lUven 9 40 i.
** Hft4o. 10 '4 a m
M arrive- t lCrl ? .16 p m
NIAGARA |^. M Plillale|}>hU. ?)>m
" •' Hafrtoltnnr.... lo a m
" " WllliamapDrt. 2 'Jo prn
*' arrlva* at Hrniv. 4 4<r p tn
Paa*riffr bj thU train arraa In B^lle
f..ne at 4 IS P IT
PAST LINE Itavoa II 4Vam
44 M Harrtftbni'4 1 .V> p m
" " Williamatxiri ....^ M ' .Hi pBI
'* arrive* at lrk llaven a 411 pu,
RAATWARD.
PACiriC rXPKWii lm*M Lor h llavan. 40 a m
'* M flllam|H>rt... 7 Mam
M arrivMi at llarril.tirfr .. w . 11 66 an
** ** PLlla'telphia .. 3 46 p m
PAY EXPRESS leave* Renov" 10 Hi a m
•• I/v| 11avan..... M .... 11 2 aPi
M M illiarnaport 12 4utm
M arrive# at WariiaLnrc 4 |u p tn
14 " PliiladelpMa. 120 p m
RRIF. MAIL leav#a fUaovii p .V, g, m
M Haven MM,. U 4* pni
M *' WilltaaiaporL 11 oa p m
" arTlve* *t IWrrULor*.. 2 46 a m
** M Phila4e|phia 7 on Dt
FAST LINE leave* Hr|lliarn|*>rt 12 .16 a m
M arrive* t If-vrriaLnrc... 3 M*n
M M Philadelphia 736 a m
Erie Mail Meet. Niagara Kvpreee Meat. Lnrk Haven
Arcommodation Weal, and Hay P.apreaa FJMI. make
Ho** connection* at NorthnmWerland with L A ft. k
R train* for Wilke*harre an>l n
Erie Mail We*t, Niagara P.* pre** We*f. and Erie
Ripreae M e*t. and I,nrk llaven Acrr.matodatir.n Waat.
mak* rloae ronnection at WilllAraawfmrt witn Jf. C. R
W. train* north.
Erie Mail W*M, Niagara Expre** We*t, and Day
Etpre** Ka*t. mak* eloa# coan*Hf<*n at Lock llaven
With B E V R R traia*
Erie Mail P.Mt and We*t connect at Erie with (rain*
on I. ft 6 M. S R R. at Corry with OCA A Y R
R.. at Rmporinm with R. N. Y A P R R.. * n I at
Driftwood with A V. R. R
Parlor cam will run between Philadelphia and
Williamprt on Niagara Rxpre** Wat, Erie Etpreva
We*t. Phllarlelphia P.ipre** RH and Day Esprww
E*t. and Sunday r.prea* Faet Sleeping cam on all
night train* W*. A rtu nwf*,
OenT Superintendent.
| lIRARD HOUSE,
\* CORXKK CHEATffI'T AND MIXTII BTRKKTR
rnutttrait.
Thja hwnw. pr.antn.nl In a r|i y f„ r Knm .
fortohl. htH. la kn>< in .t.ry rpi ,„| tn any
Arwt-.laaa hnt.l. In th. ronnlry. Owing t.. th. .trtn
ncyf>r Ih. tlnira, tha plr. of howr.l k tw. n rwdnrad
la vnnn pottAiw par day. J. M'KIHBIV
'■** **-r.iMiii^
MOX IT p° r rt -
AWCICT) "T NF.W YORK, L,
Impror.d farnf Hi .i, m . IMW than Linn
and not .twllag of iha pr~.nl rain', of
th. prprtj. Any porth,n of th. prfnripal ran I.
paid offal My Urna. and It ha. h~„ th, rnlrtom of it
ompany to p-rmlt lha prl.. l,a| to r.maln a. lon. ..
th. h.wrow.r wlahaa. If lha 1a1,r..t i. promptly
Apply U> r ' pwa
Cll ARI.EB IV BIIKIIMAR. Attorn.y at law
627 Court .trw.l, K„4ia. p.
Of to DATID 1. K LIB I, On.', AppralaM^
*"* Mbfcal.. p.,
/ MLMOKK X CO.,
LAW AMD COUjTCTIDN HOI'AK
F STRRIT. WASHINOTOM. C.
Maka C..H*. Hon., N(nUat* l/am and at I,a-l In all
UMtaam ronfld"! to ih.m I.AJID BCRIP, aol,H. r ',
Addltlonal!|.arrt~,l Klghi.and LAND WARRAVTR
Inoghl and aopt.
E* r •**' *' Sanipl"* worth W
fr " d CO.
I
Professional ('a rtls.
HA. McKEK,
a ATTDKNKY AT LAW.
42-tf (KBce oppualte Court UOUK I , Belle F.iutc, P*. ,
FIELDING,
LAW AND COI.I.KITIDN OFFK K
J 12-ly CLKARFIKLD, PA.
\\ R A. MORRISON,
' • ATTOHNKV AT-I.A W
IIKLI.hHiM K.'|'A
Offli-.. In IV.K.lrlng'. Illork, np|.ali. II ••Court II
Con.ultatlnn In Knitliah or li.riuan 2-|j
I t.'.HIItJMt. c. H. lOWII.
i LEXANDEII A BOWER,
* ATTORNKYB AT LAW,
Brllrfont.. Pa mi* l. roii.nltMl lo Kngllali or tl.r
n.iin. i>fTl ein o*rmnii'* Huilding. l-ly
JiHU A. ItATII. 2. WUIIT UtfMAIT.
I >KAYER A OEIMIART,
* * ATTOIINKYB AT LAW,
Ofßr. on All,|di.ny alr.rt, north of llltrh llrllr
fontr. Pa ' ,"jj.
nv. FORTNEY.
a ATTORN KYAT-I. AW.
UKLLKIuNTP., PA.
l/tat d.a.r to th Irft In th. Court lint ... 2 |y
JOHN BLAIR LINN,
! f ATTORNKY AT LAW,
BKI.LKFU.NTK, PA.
Office Allrgheny Street, over P< t nffL •• 21-1y
I L.SPANGLER,
*' • ATTORJIKY AT I.AW,
nKI.I.EPoNTK. LKN I Itr. ctn NTV, PA.
Bp~lal attrlition loCollwtlolta; prartf... iu all th,
CoutU, Connilutionr lo Gumaa or K gll.h, lly
ns. KELLER,
a ATTORNKY AT LAW,
fMllc* on Allegheny Strict Soutli *i.|e of Lyon'*
•lore, BellefLnt*. P*. 1-ly
T N. Mt RRAT Cfßt'f OOBPOg,
MURRAY A CORDON,
ATTnRNLYa- AT-IA W.
CI.KAR4II.LD PA.
Will att.nd Ih, Rrll.font. Cnurt* wh,i. at.*, i.tllt
' i .tnploywl. , ,y
R P C. HIITLE.
" • ATTORNKY AT LAW.
. . 13TK II A 1 L.N. PA.
All hnalniwa promptly atlrnd.d to. lly
\\'M. P. MITCHELL,
' * PRACTII AL 81 RVKYHK.
L/M k IIAI KN, PA,
Will attrnd In all work In Clrarfn Id, f'.ntr, and
Clinton crmi.ttm.
iHH. . 0|.|...,t, h.k llaran National Hank 21V Iy
\V C. HEINLE,
* a ATTORNKY AT I.AW
ItKI.I.KF'iNTR, PA
Dflb e in Cnr*4 ll<u*e, Alleghenv *tr*•-(.
Spertvl *tenf>ort given the rulfea fj .o f r|im*
All Lueine** atten*le<l til pf'-nij tlj 21-1/
I Wag. Wu.*rg. KktllM.
WALLACE A KREBS.
' ' ' ATTORNKY" IT LAW,
I CLKA It FIELD PA.
Will attmid and try rana.a a: B-llrfont. whrn tp
c|*l! V re (All, Mat I 11
WILLIAM McUI'LI.IU'GH,
*' ATTORNEY AT LAW,
CLKARfICLD, PA
All hnaln<-aa (womptly att.nd.d 1.. l ly
I VU. JAS. 11. DOBBINS. M. D.,
t I " PH YRICTAN AXD IL'ROKIiR,
Otßr. All.gh'ny "t„ ornr Z.igl.r'a iHng "lor.
el HKLLRPONXR. PA.
nil. J. \\. RHONE, Dcntiat, can
te fonnd *t hi* cffffre *it*l rtdenre >n N-nh
i *id- of High street tlire> ifmn Lut of
j Itellefonte. P. |A>lf
CANCER HEMOYED,
WITHOI r KNIFE, and in nit"t
j v V rae* *il|unt win Af| I? lo
C. W. P. FISHER RowUhnrg.
j H-Vr* fVitireCftnniv. I**
A PERFECT STRENGTHENED.A SU^^^^ER.
IRON BITTERS am highly recommended for all dieao rr
quiring a rertninnnd efficient tonic; cwjnvinlly Ittdiyniicm, 7ty;*y*v, Jul, r
mtlrnt h rvrr*. If n nt nf App'tilf, ]/,*t of Strrnijth, 1/irk I'nrryy, rlr. Knriclifi
the blood, trcngthon< the riinm-lc*, and Rim new life to the nerve*. They net
like a elmrin on the digeativc nrgnni, removing all dyapcptlc tymptoma, nut li
n* Tiflinif Me Ffxi, lUitkiny, Unit mMe Stimwh. Ilrartbum, rit. Tile only
Iron Preparation that will not blacken the teetli or give
headache. Hold by nil dnißgUta. Write lor the Alt C Hook, 32 pp. of
uaeful and aniuninß muling— urnt frtt,
BROWN CHEMICAL CO., Baltimore, Md.
BITTERS
■■■ n i
im.nr.nT r„ PAJNX,
Lai* CnaimlwtuMr of rtml.
n*!u. r. onArrox. rronv n LAI>D
PATENTS.
PAINE, GRAFTON A LAI)D,
Attomeyt ai-Lam and So&dtontf Amrrtca n j
. and Fartujn I'atmln,
412 F irrn Mmtir, WAMIIXOTON, I). C.
kw la all ila t.mnrlir* in tl,. Patent I
owy. rnd tM Jgpwfc, ,r,d Mr. ~ I Ctmru of h*
UaftnlMaloa. P.0.pi.1,, wuri „ |f
Xeir Advertisement*.
II .1. BAKER A BRO.,
lit WlOtA<Ttl'li or
i COMPLETE MAM'RKS,
# 1 OR
PC)T AT< >KS, CABI* AO K, CO RN. OATS,
WIIKAT, PHI-IT TRKKS,
AND KVKKY FARM CROP.
• These Afttimrra r prftpArxl <*|>*t i*|| v for nucli
| ••!•*r%t• t'oiitAliilnic In (Sonrmlrnli'tl frin )u*l
I lii |lmil ftnttl, In tin* rlarl |iri>|Mtrtlotiß, rt <1 I
|in<lurt Urn** ylll
Th..y an* CHEAPER Til A N STABLE MAN! HEP,
I'Phlih Ing much ami inur* mialn riiiit
j Iwinuf Aehl trial ht* prove*! Una t In* tlit* rurrn t
; )■trtii of fertilization.
Alao niaiiufarturtira, liuj>*irt<r* and dnl<in In
Prlmj' Agricultural Chemicals.
I BTRICTIA
PURE GROUND BONE,
MITLI'IIATI OF AMMONIA,
| MTKATL tit SODA,
Ml ItIATK OC POTASH,
HCI.I'IIATK OK I'OIAHII.
ACIU I'IIOHI'IIATK.S,
I,AND I'I.AHTKIt,
I*OTAH|I MALTS, A<.
MI'ALITV OVAItANTRKIt.
rirrulara giving full particular* and containing fact*
tut' nr-ting to farmers, mailed on application.
Ifft-m Office 2in Panrl St., New York.
f'KXTRAL ILOTKL,
V J (Op|M>tt*> ttie lUilroad Station.)
MILKMOt'RG, CENTRE COt'NTV, PA.
A. A. Koll I.HKCK Kit, Proprietor.
TllKOl'iai TKAVKI.KRS on lb* ratio*'! will find
11,1. Dotal an IIMIImiI |.l. to lnn. li. Of procor. a
m.al a. Al.l. TMAINM alo,. al-oot ■/. minnln.,
A \VKKK lj a da, l nvilr n.a.l.
/ w "'.all) Oulf.t Urr A'Mnn Till t. AIO ,An
RiMta, Maine t.|y
Ac>lnbtn*rp. n e>t Hopi, Ruchu, Muff
drak|i*ti Dandelion, an *.i a.- t*-sian*l
tu.*t cB ura life | r irrtef of all otbrr It* Ur ra,
ui.skr•%thegreat. : Blood Purlflor, Liver
803 U lX.n tpff *' * *ffe an I 11. aim i.vAt>nu*
A*.ut erth.
Ku itiaae cVtf poefM? ("iff tfH whw Ihp
lilt. r* ar u\eU>uj.il ■*. J pixlwl an their
Tfciy c:?i ni tifwts \Uipi ui'.i2rm-
To c.ll ah'*n e\*|4oyntr I'cauw IrrrguUrt
ty of tlm boarUor% urinary r*an. or who r -
MllV M
Hopmtur. ara Without intOX
letting. BHL
So m ii!rr what y .tit or irm-1/mu
are a Sat Uw dut us. r nl\ n *- ,l( *• U* Hop IWt
trr l"t t nt untiljTiMiilr* but If y u
or.Jyftaltmd or at on. .
II may %r y .Mr life it haB* •* cd bumJrr I*.
S3OO *II tc P*ld for a caW"* they eri!|
\
anflrr.Vtt u* and urva u *° Mop B
|'..mrmhtr fl. p fitter* t no^L 1 r *". druirral
t! u< n!. ''r\:u Brat
M.ali t'.e • r. r ma.tr the *ltl t rURIB
ami Morr" ami t . \m aon or
ib'Ukl U* .H. MBWHak mD
P. 9.0.< 4 ahedu* 1 IrrtMWi'e curw-B^^^^H
U na re->. . Ail. '', br drurn*r "wnd
■ f..r tup ii'iita *.r. c f
LMESMffISa
Battlo Crook, Michigan,
XAHtliril'ErM or TBX OV2.T UIOCIVS
psiroi
thresmersT^^^^
Traction and Plain Engine*
and Hor so-Power a.
Maatt'awnlrteTkrralier Tmrimrj t EltfihUfthed
la Ur W art*. 1 IB4H
A Ayr ADC '/r.*f<*et >-,*L
< J I tAnu •>. with- .t • har tr* rrf r arna,
WJL nuru*f*-. ll crt, of V* *' n r ** Idd y. -| A
■ Ar iad MMraf| ytren <M% / oar
t nwiplrfc HifDia Oiitntao/ matekU— a*/irai
Traction r.ntnr and I'lala Ksflnrn
er r aaeti tn lie Am*rv *n tntrlct
A a Wfifa.l# / r^<a' o iayrwt*o'i
l¥l. Inrotht wlUt .wpertw Ttus'i'tM <* rnaafrs*.
•**' nnd a*'wi4l not lo • <h* r tialtti
> lm Ito If kcrf
cat a it J. Cne t'M-1 <ao Awoa# ao
Tw . atylra of " Kotintavl If r jVvrra
7kAA AAA Frrt of Srlrctrd f.amhrr
,UW,VI/U ( f. nm fAr.o / OA, .Ir.oaf)
c>natant*r on tumd, fr*tn which la Iwiilt the is*.
mn.iwmt > wo*i wrk f our merhlorry
TRACTION EN6INES<:Qr
rvt* rfr*4'/ I Til
ma U, H, I (J, ia llrrar I'awrr. fMI
Fnrmm rwA Tlirr.!,.
.ir (h> m-.t-Ki... Thr.lun M- h.wrj.
Ctm.Ur -nt !"• A4.tr**
NICHOLS, SI4COARD A CO.
r" —S. Mlrrhl"
ST. XAVIER'B ACADEMY,
NEAR LATROpK, PA.,
I-A UFA Imlf a Century old, from
'it L.* h, '", h "T T" •"' ,nm,„
h. r.d o ,i| „**, (h ., n h
PZZJXt. T -"> -
Addr, . nrrrsßs nr mkrcv.
* *•,•. P. O. WnrfwoMnnd r*
(JAKMAX S HOTEL,
X " Oppwilt crl I| OM ., RRf.LRrOXTR. FA
TKRMI |l. PUB |, AT .
A *l iiUiU,!. |_j
®hr Centre
♦ -
BELLEFONTK, PA.
AGHIICITIjT'U'IIiVLi.
NKWH, FAITH ANIL SUDOKHTIONH.
Till TUT T TMC NATIOMAk. WILTAIE If TMI IMTILU
nnci <xh run.miTT or tht imam.
Every farmrr in /.i. nnnunl r.rprrtrnrr
ilutenvr.ri nmethinfl of rulur. Writ* it and
nmd it tn the "Agrirultural Editor oj the
IJkMockat, Heltefonie, I'rnn'n," that other
farmrrn may hare the benefit nf it. Let
eommunteatum.i be timely, and be mire that
they are brief and veil jminlrd.
Prevention of Fowl Cholera.
Although the cholera of fowU is
an exceedingly virulent and fatal dis
ease, destroying vast, numbers of
birds of different s|>ecics, and remain
ing on premises for years after being
once introduced, we are satisfied, after
u long series of experiments, that
there arc points in its natural history
which enable us to control it with
comparative ease and with a consid
erable degree of certainty. These
points are:
I. The vinie m not difjueilt/r. —That
is, llie disease germs are seldom if
ever taken up by the air and carried
any considerable distance to produce
the malady. The virus remains in
the fixed form, and is generally, if not
always, taken into the body with the
food; it is distributed over the
grounds, feeding places,etc., in the
excrement of affected birds, and the
food, drink and gravel are thus con
taminated. Healthy birds may lie
kept in coops within a few feet of the
su'k ones for months without con
tracting the disease ; hut if the former
are now placed in the same nielosuie
with the latter they sicken in a few
days.
4. Tl" virile in net br rarri'd i ij.on
tin <jii/nnde Irei/m nlid by joule before
lliry cuntrnrt tin diet net. — It is not
probable that this disease oi igiuatcs,
in any considerable numU r of eases,
in any other way than by contagion.
There is a possibility that it may
originate in occasional instances by
filthy surroundings if closely confin
ed, or by feeding on decomposing
substances; but there are few facts
to support such a conclusion, and it
appears certain that in the vast ma
jority of cases !h. disease is import
ed and kept up by contagion alone.
Itistliii'. brought upon fartnseilher
(I) with sick or infected fowls newly
acquired, (2; with the hlixxl or j.aris
of the bodies of dead birds carried oil
the feet of | icopic or brought by dogs
or other animals, (.'{) with infected
manure or feathers, or (I) by wild
birds, animals (rabbits;, or even in
sects that have contracted the disi ai
or have eaten the blood or Indies ol
affected birds recently dead. Tin
origin of the discs M- can generally 1
traced in e< untry dbt icts, where
bouses are a c no iei. t,. iiistanct
apart, to recently rcfpnrid poultry.
It is only in disliiets more ihiekix
(N-opled, an I llieu in exceptional in
-tames, t|,at the germs are carried In
wild birds or animals oi In insects,
j i'iti:\ KXTivr. MKASIIU- r n num Nl>
A Lit LA it v iNrnrr.n.
1. /* the. dter.t.r iii ' —Fow|
freipiently die in eoii-i.leralilo num
fieis from .IISIMS,*. that ari- not eon
• Igiotis, and hence it is a uritU r of
primary importance Ui decide as to
he nature of the sfb elion when cliol
era is suspected. In my own cxjk'
lience 1 have found that this might
lie done with comparative cei taint\
by inspection of the excrements
nli fowls tbo excretions of the
kidneys are joined in the cloaca with
"ho undigested parts of the f.Hxl, and
loth solid and li.piid ex.'lenient ait
constantly voided together. They
are not mixeil to any great extent,
however; the part excreted by Lite
kidneys is easily distinguished, as
during health it is of a pure white
color, while llie IhwI discharges are
of various hoes. The kidney excre
tion will lie hereafter referred to as
\tlu urates, and it is the only part
which claims our attention.
After a fowl takes the contagion
i into its body tbo first and only relia
ble symptom is a coloration "of the
urates. At first these have only a
faint yellow tint, which rapidly
changes, however, into a deep yellow
color; up to this time the bird shows
no other signs of the disease, its tern
|K-raturc is unchanged and its excre
ment of a normal consistency. I n one
or more days after this yellow color
appears the urates nrc greatly in
creased in quantity and constitute
the whole or a greater part of the
discharges and an ohstinntc diarrluea
sets in ; in a few cases the urates now
Income greenish, and exceptionally
they arc of a deep green color.
The only lesion seen in post-mor
tem cxaminnt'ons that is likely to
attract the attention of lion-profes
sional observers is the enlarged liver,
which is nearly constant—it may be
of various shinies of color. Besides
this the presence of yellow urates in
the cloaca and utelars is a valuable
sign and is generally present.
2. Sirk bird mud be destroyed. The
excrements of sick birds arc the
principal means of spreading the
contagion, and the first step j n stamp
ing out the disease is, consequently,
to destroy all which are voiding yel
low urates. Care should be had to
make the distinction between the
urates and the .bowel dejections, for
the latter are frequently of a yellow
color in health ; but a little observa
tion will preclude any mistake of this
kind. The killing should not be by
any method which allows tl> escape
of blood, as this fluid is even more
virulent than the excrement; wring
ing the neck is a quick and easy
method of destroying the life. Once
killed the Iks lies arc to be taken
beyond the limits of the poultry run
and deeply buried. * * *
3. Healthy birds must be placed on
disinfectedyroundt. —If a piece of land
is at hand to which the sick birds
have not had aceess and which is
consequently free from the contagion,
the healthy birds should be penned
upon it; but if all of the land is in
fected, then a piece iB to l>e selected
and thoroughly disinfected with the
solution mentioned further on in this
paja-r. The fowls are to be restricted
to this infected ground for several
months, or even a year or more, if
practicable. The drinking vessels
and feeding troughs are to be new, or
if used before tliey must la: soaked ,
fur twelve hours with the same solu-1
lion before being placed in the new
inclosure.
*** * ,
Disinfection. For this disease
we have a very cheap and most effec
tive disinfectant. It is a solution
made by adding three |>ounds of sul- :
pliuric acid to forty gallons of water j
tor j lb. of acid to gallons of
water) and mixing evenly by agita- j
tiou or stirring. This may be 'up- :
plied to Humll surfaces with a eom
j inon watering pot, or to larger
'grounds with a barrel mounted on
wheels and arranged like a street
sprinkler. In disinfecting jsrultry
houses the manure must tie first thor
oughly ocra|H-d up and removed le
--yond the reach of the fowls ; a slight
sprinkling i- not sufficient, but the
floors, roosts and grounds must l>e ;
thoroughly saturated with the solu
tion, so that no particle of dust how- i
ever small escapes being wet. It is ;
impossible to thoroughly disinfect if
the manure is not removed from the
roosting places.
.Sulphuric acid is very eheap, cost
ing at retail not more than twenty
five cents a pound and at wholesale
but five or six cents; the barrel ol
disinfecting solution can, therefore,
be made for less than a dollar and
should Iw thoroughly applied. It
must Is: remembered, too, that sul
phuric acid Is a dangerous drug to
handle, as when undiluted itdcslroys
clothing and cauterize* the flesh
wherever it touches. The safest way
is, then-Idle, to lake a five-gallon keg
nestly full of water to the druguit
and have liitn place the strong acid
in this ; the contents of the keg may
then Is- safely transported and added
to the barrel of water.
fi. Fumigation. —ln those cases
where the disease has !>een raging for
a considerable time the feathers I*
come saturated with the contagion
and it is necessary. Indorc placing the
fowls on the disinfected run, to put
them in a close building and thor
oughly fumigate them with sulphur.
For this purpose a pan of burning
coals is taken and flowers of sulphur
'brown upon them as long as the air
| .-an lie breathed without danger of
■uiffoeation. When the disease is
recognized at the outset this is uot
necessary.
J fItr.VFNT!VL MEASt'RF.s Ton ORol Stis
NOT YLT INFLATED,
j I. Xrtcly acquired birdt to be isolnt
j ed. — When cholera is raging in a
locality, all birds introduced from
oilier fi.H'ks should IK* plsced iu an
inclosure by themselves for at least
three weeks, until it is certain that
they are free from the disease.
2. I 'recantnine in regard to egg*. —
All eggs from a distance to Ire used
for hatching must IK* thoroughly
cleaned ol all particles of excrement
j adlioiing to them,and the water with
which they are washer!, as well as
. cloths or brushes used, must IK* rais-
I cd to the boiling |K>int la-fore Ireing
thrown o|>on grounds to which |>oul
; try has access. The virus is nlwnvs
i destroyed by a boiling tem|K*rature,
or even by 140 F., if maintained for
; fifteen minutes.
3. Fowls not to icander upon adjoin■
ing infer (oil premises. — It is a rnsttr r
of the greatest im|>ortanee to prevent
the healthy fowls from trespassing
upon the Infected grounds.
4. Fowls from neighboring infeclrd
premises to be rigidly excluded.— If it
is important to keep healthy fowls
from infected grounds, it is not less
imfrortnnt to exclude fowls living in
infected quarters from entering on
runs that are still free from the dis
ease. Even though insusceptible to
cholera and, consequently, healthy,
they arc able to carry the virus on
their feathers and feet and may even
distribute it with their own excre
ment ; for although the virus is una
ble to propagate itself in the blood
and tissues of insusceptible birds,
there is reason trt believe that it may
still multiply in the contents of their
digestive organs.
5. Other infected substances to be ex
eluded from the runs. —Manure from
infected places is often purchased aqd
spread upon land to which healthy
poultry has access and thus becomes
a means of spreading the disease.
I'liia should either be entirely exclud
ed from the farm or the fowls should
not be allowed to como near where it
is placed. It cannot be safely disin
fected. Feathers and dead birds are
also at times carried a considerable
distance by various agencies and
should be guarded against when pos
sible.
By a careful observance of these
rules the fowl cholera way be exclud
ed indefinitely, and may be exter
minated when it has made its appear
ance. The writer has ha/1 a very
virulent form of the disease among
experimental fowls for nearly eight
months, and though his borne flocic is
but u short distance from them, but
a few of these have sickened, and
then the disease has been checked
with the loss of a single bird in each
instance. It is believed that the
birds which thus contracted the dis
ease were infected by flies, which
would gorge themselves with virulent
blood in the laboratory, where dissec
tions were made, and then fall vic
tims to the poultry which were run
ning about outside. No cases have
occurred in this manner since the
cold weather has destroyed these
insects.
Turning to Pasture.
The cows will soon be drawing
their supply of food from the pasture
instead of the barn. This gives such
relief to the labor of the farmer, and
at a time when everything is so press
ing, with a demand for immediate
attention, that the temptation to get
J rid of the labor at the barn by turn
ing on to the pasture at an early day
is almost irresistible. This, however,
| can only be done at an ultimate sac-
I rifice, for every farmer knows that it
greatly injures young grass to feed it
I down too early in spring. Then it
/tnly ten/Is to spoil insU-a/1 of satisfy
ing the ap|>etiteof the cow. 11/ r first
taste of the green pasture fills her
mind with such dreams of luxuriant
pasture that her stomach revolts at
the dry old hay ami ground feed she
has been fee/ling on all winter at the
burn. At the same time there is not
neatly enough grass to satisfy her
demands, and thus the milk supply is
! sure to run low at the risk of proving
a permanent set-back to the cow for
the season. To avoid this, all who
can possibly do it should keep the
cows at the stable without a single
bite of grass until the pasture is far
enough advanced to satisfy the herd
after a few hours' grazing. Then the
herd should be taken to the stable
again to prevent over-feeding, follow
ed by the dangerous trouble of hoose
or bloat, for cows are very greedy
with the first grass of the season,and
are apt to greatly over-feed. This
j danger is much more to be feared
from green clover than plain grass.
Hav v*. Eniilage.
r fr f I, R Art.'.l 4.
The zealous friends of ensilage
i mislead in many directions—one of
j which is in figuring the cost of ensi
lage as compared with hay. In csti
| mating the value of hay, it is figured
at what it would sell for in a distant
I market—s2o to $24 a ton—while en
| silage is figured at just what it would
cost to grow it and put it in the silo,
ami too low at that—SO cents to $2 a
ton. "Turn about is fair play." It
would be just as fair to estimate hay
at what it will cost to grow it and
put it in the barn, and reckon ensi
lage at what a farmer could afford to
raise it for to lie sold and consumed
of! the farm, and if we were to do so
the balance wyuM be as much
; ensilage as the customary figuring i*
j now against hay.
To make a fair comparison of the
expense to the farmer of wintering
stock on hay and ensilage, IsHb should
be reckoned at what it cosla to pro
duce them, and when so estimated
the margin will le quite as likely to
favor hay as ensilage. A ton of iiay,
it is calculated, will go as far as three
tons of "nsilage, nnd some think fur
ther. Taking average farms and
average farmers, it would require
sharp flouring to make it cost more
to raise that one ton of hay and har
vest it than to grow corn enough to
make thiec lons of ensilage and put it
in the silo. There will surely lie no
very wide margin in favor of ensilage.
Mil. J. K. BXNNOCK, Bradley, Mo.,
I estimates that the waste of barnyard
manure on many farms, in conse
quence of ex|M>sure to weather and
leaching ln-fore applied to land, ranges
all the way from one-half tu aeven
eigbtlis of its entire value. If tbc
same lack of care characterized other
departments of husbandry "it would
ruin the best farmers." He advocates
sheds for storage, or liarn-cellars, and
: composting with so/Is, muck, and all
I vegetable refuse, sink-water and cham
ber slops, with pigs as manipulators.
As for ashes, it is, in his judgment,
founded on ex|>erience, much better
to apply them to the soil than to sell
to soapmakers at market rates, which
are only half their real worth for
agricultural purposes.
Tliosx who have soot, either of
wood or bituminous coal, should care
•ully save it for use in the garden. It
>s valuable for the ammonia it con
taina, and also for the power of ab
sorbing ammonia. It is simply char
coal (carbon) in an extremely divided
state, but from the creosote it coa
ts ins is useful in destroying insects,
and is at the same time valuable as a
fertilizer for all garden cro|>s.
A UMirxn number of poultry can
bo kept upon every farm with profit,
but an increase of numbers docs not
always produce proportionate good
results.