She € nitre Ti eurocrat.
fco
Torins 51.50 psr Annum, in Advsno*.
S. T SHUGERT and R. H. FORSTER, Editors.
Thursday Morning, March 31, 1881.
WASHINGTON'S liItOTHKIt JOHN.
Till' GENEROUS RELATIVE WIIO Kill CATEI>
THE M rATHEH or IIIH <H N'TRV."
\\. -liinut Ml hi lli' Cli*v Iniwi Isintei.
John Washington, George's elder
brother, was the real "father of his
country" in having made George what
lie was. John Washington was a care
ful, methodical business man, and he
made a methodical business man ol
George, lie taught him careful habits,
to keep an account of every penny
expended, the result of which is
seen in numerous memoranda kept by
that great man for a grateful country,
which always pay the highest price for
autographs. < ieorge was also put to
learn surveying, not that he should
become a professional surveyor, but in
order to tit him for the career which
his brother intended him to pursue,
that of operating in lauds. How well
.John succeeded in this may he seen j
hv a reference to any biography of;
George, which will show that he had !
a great talent for selecting good lands, j
and he exercised a lively faculty in
obtaining them. Say what you will j
George Washington had an eye to the j
"main chance," and if some of the ;
public men of this day should he
found appropriating public lands us
he did there would doubtless be a
howl against the "monopolist" and a
demand from the opposition press for
an investigating committee to send for
"persons and papers," and, unless the j
luemh• s of the committee were fur-i
nishfd with a share of the pork, they
would be very apt to get out a report
•>f B,'ooo or 9,000 pages at the expense
of the tax-pavers. In later life Wash
ington had agents out in various parts
of the country surveying ami securing
valuable tracts on his account, nnd he
managed get the very best that was
to he had for a shilling an acre, in
early life George Washington went out
with his surveyors and pioneers him
self and saw that they rendered honest
service for their compensation. It was
.1 <>hit Washington's training of George
that made the latter a thorough woods
man and of particular value- in all
military operations of prc-revolutioua
ry days, when the Indians, as well as
the French, were crowding the Kuglish
colonists.
John had been in the British navy,
and was for some time on the West
India station, hut he preferred the life
of a planter, for which reason he re
signed his commission and settled i
down at home in Virginia, where he
appears to have paid special attention
to his brother's development. It ap
pears that a lietter instrument could
not have been found to fit (ieergc for
the great duties which awaited him far
in the future, hut which John did not
live to see, though he may have fan
cied great honors iu store for the name
of Washington.
The war commenced between Vir
ginia and Canada was destined to
draw into its vortex the forces of
Great Britain and France, and one of
its most important results was the
creation of such an enmitv between
those two countries that France wa
only too eager to become the ally of I
the colonies when they revolted against i
the British government. In nothing
can the hand of Providence lie more ,
clearly seen than that war which was
brought on by John Washington! The
active mind of this wonderful man ap
preciated the importance of lakes in 1
the interest of commerce. Ho con
ceived ami organized the western laud
company, and, it appears, adopted a
practice still in vogue in this country
to insure the success of his scheme.
He ninde Gov. Dinwiddie a stockhold
er, and induced him to send out an
ex|MHlition for the establishment of a
post on the shores of I>akc lirie. This
post was to lie ninde a base of sup
plies for the fur trade. Vessels wen*
to cruise upon the lakes visiting nil
the tribes of Indians to lie found ou
their shores for trade in furs. The
furs were to lie brought down to
Pres.|Ue Isle and from that point
transported overland, and hv means
of canoes on water courses to Virginia.
George Washington was first sent out
to make a report on the country and
ou the best location for the chain of
posts necessary for carrying out the
plan. The result of these movements
was to alarm the French, who were at
that time trading unmolested in the
western country, and they not only re
sisted the advance of the Virginians,
but fortified their route from Erie to
Venango. The Virginians' first stand
was at the junction of the Allegheny i
and Monongahela, from which they '
wpre driven by the French. This led
to the Brad dock expedition, ns Gov.
Dinwiddie found Virginia unable to
cope alone with the French opposition
to the trading and cojonization scheme
whicli had been set An foot by John
Washington. The ujnther country was
•coiled on for aid, amffirially the French
itwere driveii out front the Northwest ter
ritory to Canada. Thus it appears that
the origin of the Colonial war was due
U) a business enterprise of John Wash
ington, who had trained up his brother
George to carry out such schemes; and
finally at this attempt of John Wash
ington to take possession of that terri
tory. with a view to monopolizing the
iur trade of the lakes, created an en-
niity between France anil England
which caused France to give the col
onies very important aid in the war
for independence.
DAMKI. HKIIHTKK'M WAYS.
An incident unquestionably untlien
i tic which has never before been related
i in print, may be told of Mr. Webster.
| On the way home from the convention
which was held, we believe, at Pliiln
i delphia. the Mississippi delegation call-
Jed upon Mr. Webster at his modest
house on Louisiana avenue in Wash
ington. It was near the close of a
summer's day, when, ushered into tin
little front parlor, and introduced to
Mr. Webster, the chairman, Judge
Sharkey—the same it may be who
years ufterward was conspicuous in
the reconstruction of politics in Ids
State —addressed the great orator in
terms of Mattering eulogy, saying,
among other things, how pleased he
and bis fellow delegation would have
i been to see Mr. Webster's grent abili
j ties recognized in the nomination of
their party for the Presidency. A
a matter of fact, the delegation bad
< steadily voted against him in the con-
I volition. It was upon this fact that
Mr. Webster's curt reply turned, "You
have expressed, Mr. Chairman," said
! lie, "the sentiment that you desire—
and I must suppose that your action
was in conformity with that desire—
| in the recent convention of the Whig
party for the nomination of a candi
date for the Presidency of the Foiled
States—your desire and effort was that
that honor should lull ii|x>n me. In
response to which I have only to say
that the record, gentlemen, is the other
way. (iood night, gentlemen!" And
bowing himself through the folding
i doors into the rear parlor where Mrs.
Webster sat ill the deepening twilight,
he vanished to Mississippi eyes, lenv- i
ing his visitors sternly rebuked for the J
lip service, to find their homeward way 1
as best they might.
It was in the preceding presidential
canvass, in l*l>, when < ieneral Tavlor
was the Whig candidate, and elected,
that the writer heard Mr. Webster
make, on his farm at Marshfiehl, the
speech in which lie declared thai the
selection of I ieneral Taylor—who in
private conversation at Washington
had been characterized, hut unjustly,
as "only a swearing frontier colonel"
was "a nomination not tit to he made."
I he speech, the only one, we think, he
made in the canvass, was listened to
by a large n.-semhlage who had roinc
to Marshfiehl for the purpose, ntativ
"straight" Whigs from Boston and
elsewhere being among the number
with n considerable sprinMing of o
called "Conscience Wiii_--." out <>t
whose secession from the party grew
the historic condition which soon utter
put ('has. Sumner and Ifcnrv Wilson
in the Fuitcd States St nnte. Mnuvot
the-e 150.t0n gentlemen, we remember,
wore white or light-colored kill gloves
on the occasion, and their npplau*e
was diverse, as one and another <•(' the
orator's utterances affected the diver
gent prejudices of his auditorv. The
expression above quoted remained in
the printed speech as Mr. Webster
made it. but another, still more off-ti
me to Whigs proper, was eliminated
from the verbatim report a- it stood
in type in the office of the Huston
At/nj>. The Whig committee sent a
delegation to Mr. Welister asking that
the obnoxious plirne might be can
celled before the speech went to the
press. "No," said Mr. Welister; "let
it stand as I spoke it!" Not to be Imf
Med in their solicitude for its expurga
tion, one of the committee renewed the
request in a note to Mr. Webster, en
closing a cheek for B~i<fo. Mr. Web
ster's reply to this was that tile ex
pression could as well Im left out; tbnt
the speech with that omitted would
sufficiently express his views on the
points to which it related. Si the
s|eech went to press without it. There
may he those among our contempora
ries, solicitous ot Mr. Webster's tame,
who may lie moved to dispute the sub
stantial accuracy of what is here re
lated. The fact in its main details
and significance, we Indieve to be sus
ceptible of proof, the lnpe of thirty
two years nevertheless.
mmrnmmmmm . -
KNOItMOIK liIYIIIRMIH.
INTERESTING FAI'Ts CONCERNING riar: INK ,
MARINE INM R ANCE.
Finin lie Urrl|p|ir|i Pililnl.
A summary of the condition of tlic
joint stock fire ami marine insurance
companies in this State, just issued hv
the insurance commissioner, is an in- j
teresting document as showing the j
enormous dividends earned by some of
the companies in Philadelphia. For
instance the Fire Association, with a
' capital of $500,000, distributed in
j dividends S2OO,tNH), equal to 40 jier
j cent, of its capital: the Franklin F ire I
j Insurance Goinpany, with n capital of
$400,'000, equal to 32 1-10 per cent, of
its capital; the Girard Fire and Ma
rine Insurance Company, with a capi
tal of $300,000, distributed s<>o,ooo,
equal to 20 |er cent, of its capital ;
the Insurance Company of North
America, with a capital of $2,000,000,
distributed #400,000, equal to 20 |Kr
cent, of its capita I ; the Spring Garden
Company, with a capital of $400,000,
distr;hnted $M4,000, equal to 10 per
cent, of its capital ; the United Fire
men's Company, with a capital of
$200,000, distributed $24,000, equal
to 12 per cent, of its capital. The
company which earned the smallest
dividend in proportion to its capital is
the German Fire, which, with a capi
tnl of 8100,000, distributed 8.7,518,
equal to u fraction over 5J per cent.,
or, to lie exact, 5,518 per cent, id' its
capital.
There lire in the Stale forty-two
| joint stock fire and murine insurance
companies, with an aggregate capital
of £10,525,800; gross assets, 8:12.78:'.,-
125; total receipts in 1880,811,075,-
705; total expenditures, 810,258,907.
The total amount paid in dividends by
all the companies during the year was
I 81,.'108,051, equal to a fraction over
! Id per cent, of all the capital CIII
! ployed. The net amount at risk Jan
uary I, l*B|, including perpetuals,
j wiu 81,014,884,707.
THE LATEST KINK.
j Tl**l r. R writ I-ARTIKS ASH now TIIEV ARK
(KITTEN l'l\
I Ktoiii tlm lloatun lli-rnM
Heal "society" ha* nothing to do
i hut amuse itself. What could be
ilium delightful or more easy? To
possess melius and leisure, and to have
i nothing to do hut enjoy one's self—
ami thi* is the ideal of a luippv life,
j with millions id' people who are nut
| side the charmed circle of "society."
Hut in fact these people would he
| greatly astonished if they knew how
very difficult society find* it to be con
stantly amused. '1 he voting ladv of
fashion suffers ennui which her wAit
itig maid never know*. The young
swell of the jeuiie.**e dome often finds
In* time hang heavy un In* hand*, <
Above all, the lady who aspire* t<>
lead in fashion, to entertain, to give
the tone —thi* queen of society is
t often, were the truth known, entirely
at her wit*' end to devi-e some new
method of entertaining and amusing
the novelty-loving young ladies and
the blase young gentlemen whom *IH
;i-*embles iii her elegant parlor*.
To the fashionable world, therefore,
any thing new, any entertainment
which promises to be at once novel
and amusing, i* <ng* rl v welcomed, and
it* fortunate inventor i* bailed a* a
benefactor. Some of the device* fur
stirring the Innguid interest of these
trifb-r* have no merit beyond their
novelty, but the latest one of which we
have heard i* distinguished as Iwing
not only new, but graceful ami pretty
ns well, ami a* aflbrding opportunity
tor the exerci.se of" inge.niitv, skill ami
ta-fe without limit.
Smite fashionable ladv in At iMOM
('<• '/un /'iiuusr nut long -iuee planned
and carried out a 'li-suc-paper partv,"
The public iu general lias, perl .ip*.
not di-covered it ; but -lie had found
that ti --ue paper* are imported of late ,
of a nu>-t marvelous variety and IM-IIII
jy of color. W 11li a happv stroke ol
inventive fancy, she determined to
give a party at which ti**ue-pn|>cr
dr* --e* should fie ilr rnjcnr. The idea
wa- at once recognized a* a happy one,
and the r< -tilt wa* a success -.<> com
plete a* to surprise even the originator
of the idea. In truth, the dre^u-tcon
jured up out of this gauzy material
are extremely beautiful. In the fir-t
place the variety of colors, shade* and
tints i* practically inexhaustible, so
that every combination and every
kind of effect are |>o**ifi|e. Then the
pa|KT can le made to imitate almost
anything in the way of costume and
trimming—ruff*, plaiting*, flounce*,
fringe* and all the indescribable but
highly important furbelow* which no
man in the world hut Mr. Worth can
ever hope to understand —nre all given
exactly ; important even in the gilded
circle* of which we *fx-nk, i the fact
that the pn|>er is unlike the costlv
fabrics which it imitate* in one
—it i* not costly. Probably only a
woman can know the full delight of
making a (Ires*—looking at it with ee
staey —doubting about it, concluding
tfiut it i* "horrid"—and then being
aide to calmly throw it awav, without
a thought of the expen*e, and make
another a* unlike it a* |xi**ihlc. The
proers* of making the costume i very
*imple. a* described to the writer by a
young lady her-elf arrayed in a most
distracting Wntteau costume, ( harm
ing in color and miraculous in cut.
who said : "You just baste the skirt on
over the skirt, and then you cut the
waist out of pique"—at leat thi* i*
what it seenicd to be. For ourselves,
however, we should say tfint the mak
ing, the trimming, the hasting and cut- j
ting might safely lx- left to the tn*tc j
and skillful fingers of the ladies, while
the important thing would seem to be
to get the "correct thing" in the ma'
terial itself, which i* understood to In
imported by a Boston concern, upon
whom wares fashion ha* set her seal.
The richness, the variety, the wonder
ful delicacy of shade and tint make a
"paper party" like a glimpse of fairy
land, and that thi* really charming
form of evening entertainment is lx--
comitig more mid more fashionable,
and generally speak* well at once for
the taste, the ic*thelic perception and
the good eii*c of "xiM'ici v."
To Tell the Hour.
Meat yourself at a table. Attach a
piece of metal (say a shilling) to a
thread. Having placed your elbow
on tin table hold the thread lietween
the points of the thumb nud forefinger
and allow the shilling to hang in the
centre of a gin** tumbler ; the pulse
will immediately cause the shilling to
vibrate like a |eu(liilum, and the vi
brations will increase until the shilling
strikes the side of the glass ; and sup-
I >ose the time of experiment be the
imir of seven or halfpast seven, the
pendulum will strike the glass seven
times, and then lorn its momentum ami
return to the centre; if you hold the
thread a sufficient spaeo of time, the
effect will !M: repented, but not until a
sufficient space of time has elapsed to
convince you that the experiment is
complete. We need not .-old tlint the
thread must be held with a steady
hand, otherwise the vibrating motion
would be cnntruetcil. At whatever
hour of the day or night the expert-
I incut i* made, tin- coincidence will ho
I the same,
♦
Till: PEHII.S OF TilK HEimiM),
j A FOHTV Mii.r. JOI KM LEV ovr.R i nr. i-nwHir*
OK MIN NIC HOT A.
j Kfrifn the Milium|olla Ttllmne.
Few people in Minnca|sdis realize
j the extent of the snow and blizzard
j storms away from the city and out on
I the pruiries within 100 miles of this
j city, ami probably not one of our citi
i z.ens has ever passed through an ex
pciienec more thrilling and bitter than
that of Sam Hill during the seven
days of ln*t week. Oil Friday, Feb
ruary 18. Mr. Hill left the c'itv for
Sibley, lowa, on the St. Paul and
Sioux City road, arriving there oil
Saturday, seven hours late. Mr. Hill
proceeded to transact his business as
speedily as |H>ssihle, intending to re
-1 turn at once to Minneapolis. Hut he
didn't return at once. Indeed, like
Piles in the play, he has much to be
thankful fur tlint he arrived home at
all. All day Sunday he waited pa
tit-ntly lor a train—n la mode Kuoch
Arden under the palms—but none
- enme. Monday afternoon n snow
working train came in, and Mr. Hill
i managed to board it ami a—i*tcd the
-hovelcr* to Worthington. There the
train stopped short, ami could not
move an inch, despite the frantic np- ;
|H-al* of twenty i-oiuiuerciul travelers
unable to get either way on the road.
A nutnlx-r of these gentlemen had
been -now-bound at one point or un- ;
other for forty days, and their condi- '
lion and (m-itinn were nnvthing but
enviable. At <1 o'clock VVeduesdav
night Mr. Hill boarded another snow
train and worked his wav to Heron
Istke, twenty-six inilis, where it wa* i
decided to remain over night. Fuel !
wa- scarce and the town was minus
anything ill th<- *liai><- of meat and
- did final, and indifferent coffi-e, to- j
gcther with dry bread, made up the |
proVcndvr served. On Thunslay morn
ing Peter It'-ekcr a fn iglit eonduetor !
on the road, aunoiineed hi- intcutn n
t-i walk alar n- S; .lam-- -forty long
mio- ever the bleak, -i -w drift* d
prairi* • and • ailed for volunteer-to j
neeompaiiy him. Mr. Hill and five
mi I read men rcqxnidi*l. and nt !> M)
o'clock they -*-t out on lfi<ir perilous
journey. I hey reached \\ imloin about
1 o'clock, proofed lute li and again
stared, arriving at Muuatain Lake,
tw'-nty-foiir miles from Her *n Lake,
at •* bo p. M. t >ll Friday morning the
brave little party again started, but
one of the men gave up ami wa- left
at Mountain l.ake while the remaining
five kept on. When two mile-out the
traveler* encountered a terrrible bliz
zard, ami for an hour or more life ,
hung bv a slender thread. Hut the j
gallant five faltered never tn*irc. de
sp'te the hitter cold, and finally reach
ed St. James more dead than ulivc at
o o'clock in the afternoon. At thi*
point the railroad men remained,
while Mr. Hill secured passage with a I
team going to Madalia. fourteen mile*
and from there hired a sleigh and
drove to Mankota. arriving there at .1
o'clock, in time for the train to St.
Paul, arriving ben- Saturday evening,
after nn nb*enee of four days and
nights, fighting the elements for exist
ence. Along the road between Moun
tain Lake and St. James there is not
a house, fence, tree, shrub or nnvthing
of the sort, leaving the telegraph jxdes
the side objects of interest. In many
places the travelers marched over
drifts fully twenty feet high, and kept
their balance by clinging to the tele
graph wire*. Again the snow-crust
wa* so light as to let the Weary pedes
trians through, when locomotion was
next to impossible—esqiorially with
feet encased in stout, heavy, flour-sacks
bound nlsiut the |>ednls for protection
from cold and in place of snow shoes.
THE NEW ('/Alt OF HI SSIA.
Alexander 111, second son of the
late emperor, who now reign* in his
father's stead, wo* born March 10,
18 IJ, and was married, in 1800, to the
Princess Dugmar. daughter of King
Christian IX, of Denmark. Of his
four children, the eldest. Nicholas,
horn May 18. 1808, is now Czarevitch
and heir-apparent, while two younger
son* make the succession secure. Hi*
reign will probably liegin by great re
forms. hut the Czar will be the Czar.
As such he will bo the representative
of a system, the heir of a policy a
well a* of a principle, the custodian of
n nation's prejudices, ambitions and
hope*, a jwrt of a grand machine,
which he must work or be crushed be
neath its wheel*. He evidently ( fin
ishes the idea of giving the country a
constitution and of sharing the care*
of government with a national body
of representatives. He may carry out
his project, hut it is doubtful whether
he will persevere in his liberalism and
whether he will give a* much as the
revolutionists demand. If he does, he
may bo carried away by the current,
destroying his own personality ; if he
does not, revolution will follow, and
his government mHV become a* reac
tionary as that of Alexander 11. His
task i doubtless heavier than that of
any predeceasor. Alexander 111. can
not, if he would, be a mere nonentity.
, He must leave sonic mark on the; his
tory of hin country and of Ku rope,
lie may reconcile the largest Kmpire
jin the World with civilization and
i freedom.
•
Ifollroudx of I nited Statin and Dug
land.
The railway system of Knglawl in
' HO much uioie nearly compit t<- than
j any other that it may he taken on a
standard of com|iariHou. On .lunnurv
1.1 there were in Kngluud 17,1100
milea of railway, and in the I'nitnl
State* there were 84,2J:} mile., „ r
nearly in the proportion of one to five.
! lint the square miles to be covered hv
the roads were about an one to thirty
! six, and the imputation to use thcin
were about as three to five, or, to state
it otherwise, there is in Knglund 1
mile of railway to every 'i.if square
miles id' area, while the ("nited States,
with five times as manv miles of road,
; has only 1 mile to every 4J of area.
I I hesc proportion* are reversed, how-
I ever, a* regard pojiulation, for there
are 1,900 person* to every mile of
j Knglish road, and hut bib to each
mile in the United Stales. From this
point of view it is hard to avoid the
conclusion that we arc overdoing rail
\ road building, for these figures are clo-
I quent of large o|x-rniiiig exjienM*, and
i a disproportionately small constituency
from which to collect revenue. Hut
tlmre are [siwerful counter argument-.
Ihe future increase of revenue in
l.iiglatid must la- comparatively small
ami -low, if any, while in thi-country
nearly every week sees a step m ud
. vauee, and measured by years the net
| gain i- cxprcs-ihlc only in leap- ami
j strides. Moreover, the gro.— capital
charge i- much over a billion dollars
lin favor of this country. The cost of
a mile of railrond in Fnglaud was
8202,7 0, while the average cost of
I this country has been but 857,000, *<j
that the total cost of railroads in the
I nited States i- but 84 *<12,5 I'M too, as
against a total of 8J.">**,020.000 for
I'.ugland. These are figures large
enough for the lioundle*- prairie*, and
j the traffic totals are not le— well
adapted in American idio-vncra*ies.
; In Kugland last year there were over
i )iHi,O(H),(MHi pa<serigcr<, and in the
! I nited States there were over 2'Bl/H'o,-
! 1,1 to. A- regards ton- of freight, the
| total i- actually smaller for Kugland
than for tin- United State- the figures
being r> .JM - lively '2l 'JOO'MUHI
j and JMMMMI.IMKI tons. Tlif receipt
were, in Kugland, £17.-fob per mile,
and HI the United ~-:ate.. B<.2*ft. the
' gro-.* receipt* being, f- r Ki . land K !'*..
it,il ismi, mi,| for the I oiled Smte
£ V2ft.bftb.tfo i. Altogether, lie m-eoiim
i- a ilifiicuil one to balance, even were
■ not some items wanting, a- tie v are.
Ibit one thing *--• HI- CLEAR, it our rail-
I way- sutler h little l>v comparison
now. uud hold tie ir own for but a few
years, the whole future i- ho|>eful.
Toughest Story Kier Published.
A correspondent of tin- Ijouisville
! Courier-Journal tells the following
fory of Cornwall on tin Hudson, well
known a* a Summer boarding place:
"I oucc knew a veiv ridiculous thing
to liap|M>ii there. Several years ago I
wa* coining down from Poughkccpsie
by Ixiat. It wa- a bright morning in
midsummer, and wp stopped at Corn
wall to take atsiard the few gentlemen
who went early to business in New
ork. In-lead of the u-tial number
there were a great many people who,
rushed almard in various stage* of in
dignation and disgust. It wa- a per- j
feet cxislu*, and we soon learned the
cause. The night In-fore, light bread
was made up and set in the pantry to
"rise." Jle<l time came and all retir
ed —all, at least, save a pet kitten,
who prowh-d a limit seeking a comfort
able bed. Kitty got into the pantry,
and finding the pan of bread, which
she mistook for a nice soft cushion,
laid thereon and went quietly to sleep,
lln- soft dough yielded gradually, and
slowly hut surcfy poor Kitty was en- ;
gulfed, the batter closing over and
leaving no sign. When morning came i
the bread was baked and brought in
hot to breakfast. Imagine the scene j
—all the boarders seated at the table
—when the loaf was broken o|cn! J
They left in a body,
ftlilslon of California.
Southern California is desirous of
setting up in business of its own ac
count. It complains of the 500 miles'
journey to the Capital. Sacramento,
ami finds fault with the legislation
enacted there bccnusc it foils to take
the climate, soil, pursuits, and needs
of the Southern part of the State suf
ficiently into consideration. There is
a wide difference in these respects be
tween different parts of the Siate. In |
the south there is little rain, often not
more than n few inches throughout
the year. Bee culture and sheep rais
ing, the orange, lime, vine, almond,
ami various other semi-tropiral fruits
flourish there. In the north there is
usually rain enough in winter, and
sometimes too much. Mining and
grain growing nre largely conducted
there. These interests exercise mine
influence in the legislature than those
of the.south do. The southern part
of the State would like to, hut cannot
get State aid for artificial agitation.
For these reasons n secession move
ment has been under wav, and mam
meetings are being held. One obstacle
to success in the movement is the lack
of population. A Htate of South
California would have less than 7i1,-
000 inhabitants, and its government
• ; would In- an luxury to the
people. JJijt it would he a good thing
j h"' office > eking politician*.
mi;n of uii.i.ioss.
AMRKH AN* W'llO A*r HOI,I IMi IX le I XtIt.EMS
WEAI.TII —Tlir.ia MASK* AX I. WIIKKE
TMf.V UVE-IIOW IIA HE FOSTLNE
i.avisiies nr.H rtniu.
i Ihe richest man in America and
. nearly tin richest man in the world is
I William If. Vnnderhilt. 11 in fortune
I i* net at nhout 82(H>,000/(00. Next to
r liini conic-' day ( ionld, w lei in reach ill"
toward* ?]00,000,000. The imrneiiM;
/ e*tale ot the A-tor* in worth much
. ; over 8- r >O,(MHI,(MK). Fortune* ranging
, Irom 810,0OdTXd to f 1 0,000,000 an
i. | almost common—mo frequent, indeed,
I that the term "million*" ha* almost
| lout it* immensity a* a figure of speech,
, a "d in employed now where tliat of
thousand* UM-d Ui Ik-. Our father*
"poke of a man worth hi* hundreds of
thnUfuml-. and we, the children, heard
e them w-tli the Maine awe as that with
( I which we listened to the description
, of tin- talded treanure* of a fairy tale.
„ Our children to-day do not rail u man
rich unless he has pa-cd the goal
their gruud-irc- only considered in
. such names a- the kothschilds, who
j were regarded a* type* of a wealth no
. man would ever jieer. Kven David
{ dunes, the hrcwer, who died worth
did not receive a half
, column obituary notice in anv morn
| ng |iU|K-r.
The man who wanted to make a
. census of the tnillionaries of New
; York for the year In*] would almost
j need a whole new-paper to do it in.
I Their name j- literally legion. There
. are score* of them whose wealth can
i not Ik* known, because it is invested
. in such away that it i- not required
C to pay ta.\<-, and leaves no annual re
( cord of it -elf that can Ik- arrived at.
Denis Kearney called tin -e men bloat -
. ed bondholders, and they are, in so far
. as the latter is concerned. They are
. men who invest tliiir vast accumula
j lions in government bond*, draw
j the interi *? regularly, and add it to
the prine-pal. and so go on henping
up a nion-trou* capital with no lalsir
. on their part. ami without expendi
ture exci |( t the original one. But
they are Javisli with their wealth in
i spile of all that may he -aid to the
' ontrary, and that lavish tie*- has made
tic name "f New ork a svnonvrn
I<rt he <ip- ii-huudcd lum fiet ine which
make- it in chat ity, science, aru and
cuiuimi • the metropolis of the west
erti hemi-].h, rt. Apart from the flue
ttuitiiig to : inie- of the speculative rich
nun, the dim Kerne- and his like,
, i which may he millions to-day <>r thou
• aiel- to-morrow, there arc merchant
priu<'•* ami quiet men of fortune who,
w hen they die, will leave wills to run
into the - vcn figures. ami make jk-O
--j pie wonder why they never heard of
such . a men h } ( re.
N'T arc these colossal capita!- ro
-tricted to the metropolis. Cincinnati
ha- several well-to-do people, although
forty years ago she had hut three who
counted their fortunes by millions.
I hese were Nicholas lngworth, who
died iti IH>2, leaving about 810.000,-
and Jacob Burnet ami James
j Ferguson, who died in iKijJ, each
leaving almut $2,000,(KM). Of the
opulent jK'ople now resident- of Cin
cinnati. David Sinton i said to fie
worth £I f fit x x},t Ha i • (~ H. Shoenherg
er. $.i f <NNI.(MIO; A. I), Breed. $.),00n.-
, <NH"I; estate of James \V. Gaff, Bi t .
(XXI.tHXi; estate of Oliver I'erin, s'i.-
(HNk,OtX); K. K. Springer, *-.ooo.i>(H>;
Joseph Longwortb, $- r ),000,000 ; estate
of K N. Pike, $3,000,000; Kmerv
Hro*., $3,000,000; A. D. Bullock',
< harles ami John Kilgour, \V. I'.
Ilulhcrt, Samuel Fosdick, WilliamS.
Groeslieck. Jacob fseasongood, Frie
' tw rg A Workum, John tShdlito's cs
tate. Timothy Kirby's estate, Judge
I). K. K-te's estate, J. C. Short's es
j tate, General James Taylor's estate,
i and K. B. Hopple are rach worth
j S2,OOO,(XXt, while the list of-single
| millionaires is too numerous to men
tion.
Philadelphia, Chicago, Pittsburg,
| Boston, all make a similarly splendid
showing in the matter of figures. Phil
adelphia ami Boston are very tnuch
alike, in the fact that, though there
are fewer millionaires in them in pro
portion to their population than there
are in our other great cities, there are
proportionately more men of solid
fortune. This is to say, while the
business man in New York and Chi
cago. having won hi*#loo,ollo, tries to
double it, and, having doubled it, to
duplicate it again, the sohersided citi
ten of the Huh and the (Quaker City
are content to settle when they find
themselves at ease financially. It
would quite start these conservative
commercial persons to think of a col
lateral investment of from 81,000,000
to 80,000,000 in mines to get coal
from to run inm foundries with capi
tals of much greater bulk, a* a ms.ro
of Pittsburg iron founder* do, or to
hold a reserve of $2,000,000 for grain
operations, like half a hundred of
Chicagoan*.
IF you want to study the immense
variety of the human fare in expres
sions yon should bend your gaxe upon
the mobile countenance of a deaf and
dumb man when he reaches under the
plank walk for a lost nickle ami picks
up a raw humble bee.
IT is a great pity that some people
grow bitter as they grow old. It
seems as though the more teeih tbey
lose the mora tbey want to bite,