Wilton, Mr Far lane Co., Hardware Healer*.
HARDWARE!
WILSON, McFAI 11 #A N I : C '<).
DEALERS. IN
STOVES, RANGES ? HEATERS.
ALSO
Paints, Oils, Olass and Varnishes,
AND
ZBTJUL-HDIEIRjS' HARDWARE.
ALLKtIIIKNY BTRKKT, .... HUM KM' BLOCK, .... BBLLKFONTK, PA.
Itusinrss Cards.
HA IINESS MANUFACTOUV
iii <iAriimit'n Kll IkN W,
lIKLLEKONTK, PA. 1-1 y
r P. BLAIIi,
I • JEWELER,
WAtCHtS, CLOCKS, JKWCLIIT, ,%C.
All wnrk lUMitlv <>s> uled. On Allegheny elreel,
miller Brurkrrlioff Hmwie. Ml
DEALERS IN PURE DRUdSONLV.
£ I ZELLEtt it SON, a
r fit lIRI'OOI.HTM,
-r Ho 6. Bruckerhoff Row. 5
■J , All the BUtidurd Patent Meillclnee I'n -
n MTt|itloiie ami Eeinily Recipe# ercurmtelyi .
is ur, iwrtil. Trueeee, MhoaMer llrai'ee, Ac., Ac. j
S| 4,f I
I OUIS DOLL,
A.J FASHIONABLE BOOT A MIIOKMAKKU,
llr<v kerhoflf Row. Allegheny etreet.
J-ly Itellefoilte. Pa.
C. UI'KKS, Pree't. J. r. H left's. I'aeh'r.
l?IIIST NATIONAL DANK OF
1 BKI.LKFoNTK.
Allcuhvn) *tret, BvlUfoott, P*.
(CENTRE COUNTY DANKINO
COMPANY.
Receive Repoeit*
AID! Allow Intereat,
Discount Notw,
Buy aim! .Hell
Oov.
Uultl and Coupon*,
JAMEJ A. Blivii, Pr**ident.
J. D Stiuositr.Citahler. 4-tf
TRAVELER S GUIDE.
BELLE FONT E & SNOW SHOE
K R.—Tlnie-Tahle In effect on ami ft#r My
I, IS*':
Leaeeii Snow Shoe 7.:0 A. ..arn*ee in Bellefonte
9.10 A. *
Leave# llellefonle 10.2.1 A. arrlvee at Snow Shoe
11.17 ■.
Leavee Bnew Shoe 2."0 r. a..arrive# In Itellefonte
3.41 r. a.
1.e.,,ee Bellefonte 1.11 ra . nrri". at Snow Shoe
6 57 T. a. HAM EL RIIOADB,
Oeneral Snjwrlntenilent.
I ALI> EAGLE VALLEY KAIL
-1 ) ROAD.—Time-T.0.1e I,
Ktp. Mail. wKtAK. .rwAKii. Kxp. Mail
A.a. r a. r a a a
A to 7 i ri Arrive at Tvrone 1,-AV. .. 7 ,2 a 4.
• 1 t (.I Leave Eat f jrroue lewve... 7:.M *
7 M •51 " Vail " ... 74: Is*
7 .15 r. 47 " Bahl F-igl# " —7 47 •> t*i
74a .18 " P-.wlev " ... 7 fti B"J
74: AAt ...... " llannah " ... 7 5.1 113
7 .VI r, :5 " port Matilila " ... 00 19
727 ft 17 ...... 11 Martha " —a "7 9 2*.
7la ft us •' Julian " — 13 937
7 n 517 " t'nlonvlll# " ... *tt f
7■ a I 54s " Snow Shoe In " ... 32 945
8 .18 5 4.1 ...... " Mlleal nrff " ... :4 94#
A 4ft 535 " n-llefoftle " ... ft 4 • 917
ft 3ft 521 '• Mile#burg " ... •Itlo ' "
ft 25 115 " I'lirtln " ... V 0.-, 11l l'l
ft is ft In o M uinf Eaftl# " ... 9121" 2-
8 • 501 " ll..war<l " ... HI" 17
355 4SO .... " Kaftlevllle •• ... 93510 40
ft 50 4 4.1 " Bee. h Cr#k " 94nIn 54
ft .14 431 ....„ " Mill Hall " ... 9 .14 II Ift
ft *29 4 31' " Eleminfttoa " ... 95711 J'
ft 25 4 *2l 14 Lock llaven " —lO 01 II 25
| >EN NS YLVAN IA IIAILHO A I).
I —i Philadelphia and Brie DivMui >-Oi and
after December 1-, l""* :
WESTWARD.
ERIE MAIL leave* Philadelphia 11 M p m
•• " Harriebnrg 4 2-' • m
M " Wtlt|amp4>rt ....... * .V ein
* " L(>* k 11***1) 0 4 * 01
M M R#nti*fi .. 10 A6 * m
M irrltw *t Kri* 7 tt p m
NIAGARA EXPRESS leave* Philadelphia 7 2r • m
•• •' lUrriiimri.... 1" AO a m
** " Willi*mp>rt. 2 2 pro
" arrive* at R*no*o ...... 4 4" p n
Paaeenger* bj thia train arrive In !!•!!*-
font* at - 4 V pra
FAST LINE leave* Philadelphia. 11 4* am
•• "
** •• WUlUtt)|Mrt 73" p m
" arrive* at birlt llaven > 4" p m
EASTWARD.
PACIFIC BXPRKBO lxKk llaven
H ** Williameport... 7!*■'> a m
•• arrive* at IlarriL(irK 11 A6 a m
• ** Philadelphia.... 34Ap ai
DAY RXFRHI leave* Renovo 10 10 a m
" *' Lock llaven 11 2n*m
'* " VI illi*m*port 12 40 am
•• nnivee at lUrri*bnrf 4 10 p m
M Philadelphia. 720 p m
ERIE MAIL leave* R**ov, n X. p m
M M l/*k llaven V4Ap n
*' ** Willlamaport. 11 oft p m
M arrive* at Harri'Mirf 2 46 a m
" M Philadelphia. 700 a m
FAST LIKE leave* WiUiamp<>rt 12 V. a m
** arrive# at ffarrtetmrit 3 A4 a m
" M Philadelphia 7 #V a m
Erie Mail Weet, Niaffar* EvpreM Weat, llaven
AccomnxMlation We*t. and Day EpreM Kaat, mak#
ro*e ronnecti"n at NorthnmLefland with L A H K
R. train* fr Wllkeeharr* and Rrrantn.
Erf Mail We*t. Niagara F.tpr*>a* Wat. and Erie
Expreaa Weat, and l#cli llav*>n ArmmnKelatlnM Weet
mare e|n# ronnectlon at Wiliiame|iart witn B.C. R
W. train* north.
Brie Mail Weat, Niagara Expreae Weet, and Daj
Etpre** Eaet, mak* due* connection at Lock llaven
With ft r. V R R tralaa
Erie Mail Eaet and Weat connect at Erie with train*
on L H. k M. S R R.. at Corry with O. C k A V R
R , at Emporium with B N. Y k P. R. R., an I at
Driftwood with A V R R
Parlor ar* will run h*twee>a Philadelphia and
WilUam*p°'t on Niaara Exprea* We*t. Erie Expree*
Wet. Philadelphia Expr*a Kat and flay Expre**
Eaet, end Monday Expr*w* Eaet. Rleeplnc rare on all
night train*. MM. A R*tnnix,
OenT Rnperintendent.
/ II HARD HOUSE,
V I CORNEK UHKSTSI'T ABB NIBTH STREETB,
run *r*i ruu. •
Xhi* hnw, prominent in a rlty famed for It* rom
fortal I# htei*. I* ke|d In every rea|et e|o*l to any
flrat-clam h"t#|f In the ronntry. (twin* to the *trin
genry .if the tim*a, tha price of board he* len redticwd
t* THXI notUM per day. J.M KIBRIN,
1-A-t' Manager
BUSH HOUSE,
BRLLRrOHT*, PA..
IS OPEN.
!M-3m I> P. PKTKRB, Pmpri#nr,
m — •
M() \FY To Loiin atO per <I.
i1 JJ I |,y Till; MUTUAL LIRE IKBUR
AKCR CO. OP NKW ToRK, on n> mnrtg., on
lmurovB fftrm propwfly. In vum# not lee then r2.i#m.
end fK>l xc#*lln( cne-lhlrd of lb# pvwnl vlu# of
th# property. Any puvtlun of the nrtnripsl enn b
pnld off et eny tlmr. end It li# 1..n th. rnotom of th.
081 pony to permit th. prt#rlpel TO remain ea long a#
h (,rrower wlihte. If the Interest la promptly paid.
Apply to
CHARLES P. BHKRMAH. Attorn.y-ot-taw,
hit Court itrwt, Reading, Pa.,
or to PAVtf) I. KLIBK, Co.'# Apprnler,
g.,f Belief.,Tlte, Pa.
RAHMAN'S HOTEL,
VJ Oppoelte Court Hons#, BELLRPOI4TR, PA
TERM! 11.25 PER DAT.
A good Livery attached. 1-1
I'ro/'rsslonat I 'arils.
HA. MCKEE,
e ATTO&RRT AT LAW,
12-tf (Hlltf oppoaite Court II u •, Ihdleft lite, I'u
I7HANK FIELDING.
I LAW AM> COLLECTION OPTH R,
12-1 y t I.KAKHKI.Ii, PA.
W A. MOHUISON,
V T e a i TORNI i IT LAW,
IILI.LI.KOKTK. PA.
Oftlce In WiMwlrlnc** 111"* k. j- eitf thel
Co ii *u 11 at it HI In EfiKlivh or Ueiniafi 'I-1 \
| C. T. ALIXANDX*. 0. M. MOWIM.
1 LKXANDKK k BOWER,
, ATTORNBYK AT LAW,
Ih'lleftinte, IN* , may l>e rurioillted 111 Kiii{lih or Her
nmii. Oftire In liariuau lliilldltiK I-1 yr
JAMM A. Hi: \VI R. i a r? T UkrtlAßT.
IVKAYEK A GEI'II A DT,
I > \ IroßNl .- sl LAW
<iflle on Allegheny etr t, north Ihtrh. lull*
font*. I'a ,>|)
nF. FOUTNKV,
a ATTORNEY AT-I.IM',
ItK I.I.KMi.N IK. PA.
I,*t door tthe left In the Court II- •.*. 2-ly
JOHN 15LAIU LINN,
Fl ATTORNEY AI LAW,
BU.LKKoNTI PA
OIT e Allegheny Street, near I' -t nffl . 21-\)
I L. SI'ANGLEH,
*1 a 111 • i.I 51, '\ u
BKI.I.KFIIMK. ' I.M lit "'I MV.H
?*m'' ial a*teiititu ! • lh- . *•, j r-*4 i" m all t!i**
Court*. C*rt*ultato ii* In Herman - r gtl*h 11}
ns. KKLLKK,
a ATTORN BY AT LAW
Ofll' •• n Allet-'"fiy Street - nth aide > t I v n •
•tore, Bellefonte. Pa. 1 Iv
T II Mt'ftftßT rtat * QORDOM.
\| UUKAY A C;OIUH)N,
8 7 I ATTORN KV - VT I AW.
CLEARFIELD I A
Wl"i ' 1- .Me a : 'i,
•Mployad. I Iv
r P C. HII'I'LK,
la kTTORHRI '■ 7 LAW.
I."' K 11.41 LN. PA.
All boat Ma** promptly attended to. 1 ly
\VM. r. .MITCIIKLL,
t ? PR ICFI II §i xv BI on
Lm h II WEN. PA .
Will attend to all work In Clear A aid. Centre an-i
Clint' n oiaatN.
Gfllr* op; - ite Ia- k llaven Nat. rial Ltnk 20 ly
\V c. HEINLE,
f fa ATTORNEY AT LAW
RM.LEFGNTB, PA
Ofh' e in C.>tirad tfow*, Allfflmil Btr> t
attention given t" the tv|le<ti.in • f claim*
All I'D*iDMB attended to promptly. 21-1
w. a. viiuct. p t ma*.
WALLACE A KBEBS,
V ATTORHI i - V r i Ml
CLtAKIItLI) PA.
Will attend and try c*tt** at lle||ef< nte when hp#
dally retain- I I
WILLIAM M.(TLLOUGH,
V V ATT' 'KM 1 IT I Ml
CI.EARPtELO. PA
. All hu#ln"# pvnmplly allndl to 1-ly
nil. JAS. 11. DOBBINS, M. D.,
PHTSICIAS AND SriUlEri.V,
OFLKR ALUGHENY RL, over /eigler * Dvng St.re
i ft-tf HELLEFONTE. PA.
nit. J. W. lIII ONE, Dentist,can
la found at hi* nffhe and real|ene* *>M N'arth
! *lde of fligh etreet three donra Kaat of Allegheny.
Bellefonte, Pa.
CANCER REMOVED,
WITHOI T KNIFE, and in most
v Y caaea without Applv to
C. VV |V FIMIEK BoaUlurg.
J lt-kn # Cautre Count*. Pa
IRON
P A TRUE TONIC
A PERFECT 3TRENGTHENER.A SURE REVIVER.
IHON HITTERS are highly recommended for all disease* re
quiring a rertain ami efficient tunic ; e*|>eeially Intlup-hen, Ih/? t /• in, Inlrr
millrnl h'rvrrt, H'an/ f ApprtiU Ixmcf Strrngth, l/ttkuf F.nrrgy, fir. Knriche*
the blond, xtrengthen* the miwelea, and give* new life to the nerve*. They art
like a charm on the digestive organs, removing all <ly*iic|>tic symptom*, such
a* Tnrling the Fonrl, Hrirhing, Hail in Ihr St<•mnrh. Hrwl'iurn, rlr. Tile only
Iron l'ropnrntion flint will not liluckrii tlio teeth tr give
homltu'lic. Kohl by all druggist*. Write for the A lIC I took, 32 pp. of
uaeful and amusing nailing *rn< /nr.
BITTERS
AO KNT 8 WANTED
To Uk itihutrl|Hlon for tlx
INTKH NATION A L It K VIEW,
h lutol and M Anirrtran pnhllrotion, of lb*
hi(lMt < lam. llb I*1ir1nl mot,||,alio na fn,n> tb
moat rrlflinlxl nlm In mry roanlry. MM by
J.T. llnirj Cabot bl|r, |>iiUnn>n
of Ihn higlioii aUal'imanU and milium, and xhow
naiom am alnna aufllriaol guaranty of Ihn raloa of
tha kavuw
Aliraya brlfht, nodal!" and lotlrnrtlra; r-amopo||-
aa In lltaratam, pnatmaaira In arlanno, nnaactartaa
la Klltln, and Indapaodant In pnlttlra.
Trim. AO ranta a nnl*r; IVWattar. A maintain
Afiit'> I>o I ft aoat on loratpt of Bl.i>. A apariaaaa
copy tool to any add mm for IA ranta,
A. 8, BAKU Ml A CO., Puldlahatu,
111 A 118 WlllUm 81, No* Turk, j
Xvu* Aitrrrtistmi uts.
RIOP BITTERS?
(\ Alftlh inr, not 11 ilrink.)
CONTAIN*
■ IIOI'H, in cur, mamikaki:,
DANDELION,
| I Amjtiik rmrnT AM* HKT MKIM* VLQIALI*
i I KM ALL Ol MRU iil J 1 RUN.
r rni-:v cuhk
All -multi. Itiiw.-t., Jtlttod,
Liver. M<lih \s. mill I Mimry orKoi". sr-
VOUaiB ft*. ' pB i-him *>.mnl r*pt:t Hilly
r nmlu tuinpiuluU. _
SIOOO IN COLD.
Will Im paid for n cane tln*y v* 111 not
Id lp, or for an) tliit.fr.' Import or Injurious
found IU Lilt'ML
A*k four drufr'ulst f r Hop Hitters nnd try
iH in Ih fore you *l. p. T.iLo uu ullicr*
|) 1 (' f *n fthMotufi* nnd trrculattMnrur" for
Lruaktiiiiii a*, u- - f opium, tobacco .lid
narcotic*.
■■■MB FKNI> run ik< t i.AK. ■■■■■■
All Stsrv# sold by do I. . 1,.
11--P lmur M , .. (l<
BLISS'AMERICAN WONDER PEA
A. £ ' I 1 1 C I* I''
Extra Early. Very Dwarf 8 to IO Inches), Re
quires no Buehlng, Ciqulsite Flavor.
Aekftowrlfdtfwd by all t-- |V- *#t and '' < !Va crown.
I i !..f ..f teirl A(TI IMHM •••• l "Ywtfgi pflUlW
ai. l /•!. , . .ill; j. t to l- .-irj-MMd. '
1u I ION M itef - a •• rPV la Ike Btfkn cnH
jus • l J .. M r. |- ; f atd
uf - < i? .1 l-ilt %r. mso'd fa*.
J sSr I" TAPI.I urn 1 has.
-mo Rr AUTIFUL ILLUSTRATIONS*
fa fit m 4 • Inula.
• I • • I v ■ sr. .| a
• '• ' -** *' l ' * f>- f r -fe- !
T ■ 1 ' ' • r 1 .s. ts'v: u U
K. BLtaa x •*(%-. . in*
Battlo Crook, Michigan,
Vant'TAurrr.Kßa or THE oslv htniTifl
pili:i;til)ili|jj
THRESHERS,
Traction and Plain Engines
. nnd Horso-Powors.
VnK'strrlHeTbfrli--rl'artry > Citnbllihed
lu (kr Horld. ! 1948
9 0 YEARS
UX. 1
■
V' : '
kTKA M.POUTH *rr%MTOKM eod
<r*l|*|i t< Nltram flurnta 1 1•> . ...
/ "• Tnii llfln l itHini sm. I'lain l.'nclnra
trrr ir> Ui li •..ark'd
A * I* -/ >r- ' •' fxa'WW Ilsd iwy.tr-wwmiU
t' f Ifai. bsfrfb. r trill) Mprrio. (is cMsatewr.
r 4 dnr J fby <lk rt, m
I b.- - s ,tr r*.B : I.' hurr
f>l t'ltf, / -r Pwi". w*
1 . •- f ' M if ' I II I
7.500.000 > • mi„ r
crniaLantir h*r-f. ?r t:, whVh !• t jp.
rvifiii aral-;' ts.l nr.rli • 1 n*ar marhiivry
TRACTION ENGINES
fSSSs
F.nnrr. nnd Thrr.hrrmrn ir- InrM M
A Ihl " r"'* 1 — Ih-Jliiiur Mk hllx-TT.
Ukrvulr. ami Ir— A-l lm,
NICHOLS. SHEPASO A CO.
Battle Creek. Mlcht***-
IJROCKKKHOFF HOUSE,
l> BRLLKTONTI. *A.
W. R. TKLLKR, Proprietor.
ifir-nrf .Vimi.'r n . ii i.n Bmmi Ifssr
r Ffws Unas i %n<l fr m all Tralna F|>w|al rat#*
|/ vilnMw aad jtafora
/ ; IL.MOItK k CO.,
" ■ I.AW AMII-1i1.1.i: noa HOI sz,
GJ'.i F .SrazxT, W AAiiiMiros, I>. C,
M.k>< lle-ti- n. L n nn-1 llM t-. ell
Im.in-w IMH 1.. 11..m I.XSIi H- RIP, s<.Hi.r'a
A'l llil m.l II mmlnMl Ri K bl.n I I.AM) WARRANTS
ln,ht nfi-1 e-ltl. t. ir
ST. XAVIKIUB ACADEMY,
MKAU I.ATROBK, I'A.,
N EAHLY half a Century old, from
eblrh lb. met pr.nnln.ht .ml rtiltl.t.-l .>m.e
In r.nnjl..i bet. nr..l<i.tnl, ..S.t m<i.t tltnne.b
MtnrU>Huil .lit. nn<l bl.)tn>. .t.nA.trt ( reSnln, in-
SnrtM-w. Pniill. (Hnillt-t a. w; Urn., V-jtlj rt
pdiH klaml fc—.
Addrnw, SISTERS OF MERCY,
W Ibellj', P. 0 , WUuorlan>l '.uolj, P*.
alit (Centre Hem octal
e>_j
UK. LLKKONTK, I'A.
NKWH, FAI TH AM) HULLO ICHTIONH.
Til K TMT of TIIR NATIONAL M KLfAftft 11 Tilt IMfKLU*
A i.i, accounts, thus far, from those
who have constructed silos and are
feeding the ensilage, arc favorable to
the system.
To hi < u of our rcadcus as are dis
posed to criticise the make-up of *oir
agricultural page this week, l>ccause
of the very large proportion of space
devoted to the subject of manures,
we can only plead in extenuation our
high appreciation of the vital import
ance of it to every American fanner.
When our farmers learn to make,
save and use barnyard manure to the
best advantage, they will Ik- far on
the highway to a pcrinnucut pro-pcr
ity. Ihe last and longest article of
the series, which treats of composts,
is one of a series called "Farming for
Hoys and Girl*," written for the
Itural AVio Yorker, by Henry Stew
art; but il is as good reading for
many old fanners us fur the boys and
liiils, and we quote it entire.
In his fourth preliminary report,
Commissioner of Agriculture I.e Bur
gives additional evidence of his un
tiring efforts to elevate the depart
ment to a position of usefulness com
mensurate with the importance of the
interests it represents. He makes a
point by showing that of the total
exports of the country for the fiscal
year ending June Jo, I *S(>, ninety |s-r
cent, were agricultural matter, arid
a Ids that "every man of intelligence
in pondering the fact must stand
amazed that the agricultural interests
of the country have not received more
attention in State and National legis
lation." The report details the ex
periments in sugar production and
tea culture made during the past year,
and speaks with unbounded conli
denc.' o( the early succe-s of both. In
regard to sugar the (.'oin w i*-doner
i xpresnes iiis belief that "the crop of
will terminate our dependence
on foreign nations for this article of
prime necessity and of tea lu- says,
"American tea, grown and manufac
tured on our own soil by ourselves,
is destined, at no late day, to supply
the demand of our own jn-ople, and to
enter the world's markets in favorable
coni|H tition with that product in any
other country. He makes an earnest
ap|ieal for a series of cx|K.-rimcntal
(arms, the central one to Ik: located
at or near Washington, for which he
suggests the unused portion of the
Arlington estate, and the others in
widely separated parts ol the United
, Slates. 'I lie Commissioner objects to
the assistance of Congressmen in the
distribution of seeds, claiming that
I they can be more surely placed "w here
they will do the most good," by the
department itself.and asks for a large
increase of the working force of the
department, and for a larger increase
of the salaries paid to those now cm
ployed. We conclude our necessarily
incomplete review of the report by
quoting from it a couple of paragraphs
on the subject of foreign markets,
which it may Ikj well to take into
consideration in planning our crops
for the coming year :
Had crops in (treat Britain and
other European states and the dis
turbed condition of the Russian peo
ple, with a comparative failure of
their wheat crop, have enabled us to
obtain fair market prices for the im
mense sinoiint of surplus food we
have harvested for the past few years,
and have brought returns for our
agricultural labor that we should not
expect or hope will continue uninter
ruptedly. That a change may come
at any day is a matter for serious
consideration not only for our states
men, but for all classes anil conditions
of people.
Our fertile virgin soil, its cheap
cultivation, its accessibility, nnd the
unprecedented rapidity and cheapness
with which farm produce of sll kinds
may lie moved, all go to stimulate
production in the highest degree.
That the demand for our products
will keep pace with the rapid increase
of production, tlint it will even equal
the demnnd for the past three years,
should not be hoped for, much leas
expected. A single good crop in
Knrope would undoubtedly depress
our markets so as to greatly lesseu
the margin of profits to the p'roducer,
thus endangering the present era of
prosperity, and bringing instead wide
spread disaster, not only to the farm
era, hut to the manufacturers, the
merchants, the public carriers, and
all other claases of people. I
MANURE.
now to w.icz, now to irt ami now
TO AITI.V "Tile FARMER*' BEST • liOf,"
Hints uud suggestions gathered, a*
. the matter of which they treat should
I be, from all available sources :
Herman papers mention a newly
invented manure-spreading machine,
of which "great numbers" are being
sold in that country.
Applying manure to the soil is like
dropping corn or sowing wheat or
oats, it is filiiulimj it. And "as a man
| sows so shall he reap."
If there is one thing for which I
will draw the last dollar of my bank
deposit more cheerfully than for
another, it is to increase my manure
heaps.
I have left manure in piles on side
hills through the winter, and the
grow th of grass in the spring did not
show any benellt from the wash of
the manure over three or four feet
below the piles.
When men learn more and practice
better; w hen learning and labor, brain
and brawn go hand in band ; when
the better application of manure is
combined with better tillage, we can
feed the world.
A Iter all, the farmer must depend
very largely, il not principal!v, ujxjii
the barnyard for the bulk of bis fer
tilizer; I mean exclusively of the
clover and other green crops which
he ploughs in.
The annual loss to farms is im
mense from neglect to save the liquid
voidings of stoek. Absorljcnts freely
used will save this leak of the farm,
provided that care is used in protect
ing the product from washing.
I'cad animals on the farm should
Is- transformed into a fertilizer f<r
the soil. < 'over the carcasses up with
sod thoroughly |*-rroented with fresh
lime, and let remain a year, when you
will have an excellent crop grower,
worth from sin to t'-'i per animal.
Of course, "we cannot eat our cake
and keep it too." Manure drawn and
spread in winter is dissolves! by snow
ami rain and made available tor the
first crop, and there will not be as
much of it h ft in the soil for future
crops as if it ha 1 ln-.-n spread im*nc
jdiaUly before ploughing, but the
heavy growth of grass on the part
manured in winter will g<> Jar toward
making up the deficiency.
How shall we use il to realize the
liest results ? One says haul it out
and spread it upon the grass land ;
another says plough it under : a third
says plough the ground and then
spread the manure and harrow it in;
a fourth thinks some otb r method
still I tetter. I'erhaps if w ( - < \arniue
the dithrent met his Is we shall hnd
that none of the above are either
entirely right or altogether wrong.
More pounds of nitrogen, phos
phoric acid and |K>tash can be applied
in the manure made from one hun
dred dollar* worth of grain, linseed
meal, cotton seed meal, and wheat
bran fed to animals, than if the hun
dred dollar* were paid direct for
commercial fertilisers. And Iresidcs
this the hundred dollar* paid out for
food may be received back in the
growth or fattening of the animals,
and the manure really costs little or
nothing.
One very serious error in the n*o
of manures grow s out of the Idea that
is very prevalent, that if we only de
liver it ii|Hin the land the crops arc
sure to get the full benefit of it.. This
is a serious mistake. All plant-food
must be reduced either to a liquid or
gaseous form la-fore plants can appro
priate it to their use; if this is con
stantly kept in mind, il will In- much
easier to understand why fine and
well-cornpos*ed manure is better than
coarse; why it is sometimes Ix-tter to
use it in one way and sometimes in
another; why it is better to have it
entirely distributed over or in the
ground than to have it in heaps of
from a half to a whole forkfull in a
place.
Fifteen years ago I purchased and
drilled in 500 pounds of sH|H'rphos
phale with wheat. The yield on the
part phosphaled was more than dou
ble that on the part where no fertil
izer was used, mid I have Continued
to use it ever since with the best
results. In fact, so well pleased am
I with it that I do not sow or plant
anything without it, not even my j
buckwheat or turnip patch. Hut 1
would not advise others to ex peri- j
mcnt with It on a large acale at firat.
Try it on a few rods of corn and
|Kjtntoes by scattering al>out a table
spoonful to the hill, covering with
earth before dropping the seed. Ami I
in the fall drill in part of your wheat
with it, and the reat without, and
note the result. Kxperimenls of this
kind have been of great advantage in
every neighborhood where they have
leen made.
The source of the nitrogen found
in plants remains still an unsettled
question. In an address before the
British Association by Dr. Gilbert,
who has so long been associated with
this inquiry through his experiment*
and observations at Kothamsted, he
hliowh the importance of the question
by stating the faet that, although
1 carbon, as the chief constituent of
plants, in the most obvious measure
* of plant-yield, yet the amount of
1 carbon depends on the supply of
nitrogen in tin arnUablv J</rrn within
the reach of the plants. The air
| {Contains "oceans'' of it "free," but
' plants don't take it in the raw. it is
"tmhnntl in ammonia and in nitrates,
ami in these forms it is a great stirn-
ulus to vegetation, whether supplied
r through the leaves from the air, in
( which a very little ammonia is found,
or through the roots from the nitric
or amtiioniacal suits in the soil, which
j are evidently the chief de|>cndence.
. It has been eeeeiteined ut I'.otham
j. , -ted that clover acquires, in some
n: y. such a supply of nitrogen as to
carry oil more than four times as
much as a preceding crop of barley,
| and yet leave so much in the soil (in
its roots?) available for a following
I crop of barley as to make its propor-
I' lion nearly double that of the crop
preceding the clover. Of the manu
: rial elements, potash is found most
j s< i vjccable m promoting an increase
i- in the yield of nitrogen.
1 [ .
, No farmer ever yet had enough of
s manure. It is the trouble of every
, < ireful fanner to supply this want
which never can Is? satisfied in the
I usual way. lie gathers from swamps,
i from woods, from roadsides, and ev
j 1 cry other source that he; can reach,
. and the muck, the leaves and the
-crapings which he thus collects, he
j works up into composts in such a
wjy us to cause them to decay and
Itecome fit for plant food. The term
- compost is derived from a I.atin
i word t'imjioiiluin which means put
together and expresses precisely the
. action of the farmer in this business
of making manure of substances which
alone would be of no value to him.
The effect of this action depends upon
i a natural law the result of which is
the conversion of organic substances
< info their elements. This process is
1 what we know of decay or decompo
-1 k ition. 'J he meaning of the word
. decomposition i-. a taking apart of a
compound substance. It is always
accompanied by heat which is always
produced by chemical action, and
' ' decay or decomposition is the effect
' of chemical action. I 'ecornposition
is in faet a alow proc< -s of burning
as much so as if fire were used to
produce the r< -nit. The final effect
i- the MUM In both CUM, the mineral
matter or ash only l**ing left.
Ik n the farmer forms a compost
1 he gathers tin se substances and makes
them into a heap, and to hasten the
• ud which he has in view he adds to
, it, < venly mixed through tin heap, a
' certain quantity of freh manure.
> rhis begins to beat very soon, aad
just as the yi ast mixed with the bread
1 -|Knge of the baker, starts the fcr
j mentation through the whole mass, so
the small quantity of manure starts
. the Ik at and fermentation through
the whole of the heap of tbocom|ost.
Hut to produce the is-st effect there
must be a certain supply of moisture,
for unless there is sufficient water in
the mass the process of decay will
not go on. Dry matter may be pre
; served, and w,ll not decay, for many
years; and until it is moistened with
water it will suffer no perceptible
. j change. The comjK>st heap must,
therefore, be made of such a shape
that it will hold as much moisture as
possible.
It is usually put up about four feet
high and as long and broad as may
Is- convenient, with the top made flat
and hollow to collect and hold the
rain which falls upon it. Lime is
often added to com|K>st heaps and is
very useful, liecause it helps to de
| compose the vegetable matter in them
and makes the compost fit for use
sooner than it would otbeiwise be.
The usual time for making compost
heaps is in the Fall, so there may be
ample time during the Winter for it
to IK* made ready for the Spring work.
Hy carefully gathering and saving all
the materials mentioned, and working
them up into comjiosta, the quantity
of manure may easily be doubled and
the crops enlarged in proportion.
One load of well-made compost may
be as useful as the same quantity of
common manure, and as it is always
in a well-broken and fine condition, it
is the most valuable fertilizer that
can lie proculed for spreading u|xm
grass lands.
Composts may l>e greatly enriched
by the addition of the manure from
the poultry house, by the wastes from
the house, and by ground or burned
bones. In this way very valuable
: manure may lie made for gardens or
fruit trees, if nothing else can be
procured for the basis of it than
common soil. The soil is an excel
i lent absorbing material for the richer
qualities of the other sulmtanocs,
which by themselves would be too
strong and rich for use. In making
a compost heap the fanner first
spreads a quantity of the coarse
materials, such as swamp muck,
leaves and soils, on the ground, of an
even thickness, but more than a foot
in depth. Upon this ia spread some,
fresh manure, well broken up with
the fork ; then a layer of the coarse
stuff and some lime or wood ashes
msy be mixed with it. Upon this
manure is placed, and then the heap
ia Unified with some coarse stuff and
some manure mixed together. The
lop is then leveled off and hollowed
so that the rain that falls upon it wiU
remain and be absorbed.