II llmoii, Mr i'a rlatir ('• Co,, llarthrari: Urafrrs.
ARE!
I R.SC >X. ME FA IJ YJ A N ! : CO.
STOVES, RANGES * HEATERS.
A LSO
Paints, nils. (!lass ami Varnishes,
AND
HAE.DWABE.
ALLEGLII NY - IH'MKJT BUK'K, .... BKM.KFONTF, I'A.
. -
":^PI
Ilitshtrss Curtis,
.WARNESS MAXUFACTORV
II In Qftrnin'a Me Block,
# - g>T BKLLKrONTR, PA l-l>
F P BLAIR,
■ Jl.'iY KI.KK,
K WATCHM. rtocßH, JIWTKLM, Ac.
All Work i.-ntlv . . ut.-.1, Ou Allegheny *tr* t,
' I^HekoiA't
DBALEKS IN 1' I* UK IMtI'GS nM.V.
SP® ZKI.LKR A SON, :
I
N>. (1, 1'.i... k.TI. 'IT liow. J;
2 ! Alt the Sunil.tr l I'.u. Nt M-li, l'r>- -
mill K.tntlv Rcrij,#. ..vur.t.lv ..
73 1-rriMr*' 1 Tru-#!-.-, Sli.ihlili-i linn'.., Ac.. A<\
R< j" •:, I-tr S
T Ofis Dlil.L,
F.YMIIoN VIII,K BIMIT A SIIOKMAKKR,
Brockethurt Kow, At* itfMt,
Flfjr i- II font#, PR
I.XA, l 4 r*'t. J P. nuHli.t'Mh'r.
IIIST NATIONAL BANK OF
SILLKFiiNTi:.
/AENTBI: col N'l'V BANKING
COM I' ANY.
4i
r DiM-fitinr N
f- -%• Bojr Mid Soil
Gov. ?*<*nriti* , a.
Gold and Conponn,
JAMBA A. Bf AVIR. Pmall*ttt.
'' .I'tMllOT. Artf
rr^SSSb
TjELLEFONTE A SNOW SHOE
.EJ S.:'B Tun.' T'lM." In "•(!••• ton and all-r M.i)
1,1180:
latlM gn i Bhn* 7.J0 4. tl.,arriT*t In Ib'tlefunt#
•J. 10 A.
Uivm BHfi<nl 10 2 *. . arrive, al Sit' Mm
-1157 A.*.
I.ear*. Bnv Flu> 2.00 r.*.,arrive, in Bell.font.
k a<wT
LwrM B#ll#f"tit# "'.l' r M .arrlvea at Snow
6.57 t. * DANIKI. BIIOAIiS,
BP lieneral SUJerlnteiolenl.
OALD EAGLE VALLEY KAIL-
I) ROAD Time-Tabl., Aj-rll - 1-
Ear- Hail. waataaßiv raprwvai'. Kvp. Mail.
*.*... p. *
•10 7 02!.... AlTtvvatTrrona laavi ... 7 : - 18
• 2 i *sL....Le*ve K„. T rjrone l.eave.. 7 " I * '')
5- 760 I a ... ... 742 J
T55 847 k..... " Bald KTGL# " ...7 17 •' OJ
ts 58 -
7H e 8#!..... " llannali " ... 7 915
7 B©S. " L'ort Matilda " 010
• 17
718 " .litllan ... ! • I' .*
7 9 571... " Union? Ill* " ... H ... 9 it*
* " Snow Shop In " ... *55 045
L 868 S #£.... " Mtl.atl.itra' " ... *519 l
I #4* " 11-llpfontp ..881 o'7
L BSI fc*S_.... " Mli.-I.VITK " ... *SBIO < a
• 5 £..... " fitrlin " ... 908 10 I't
#95 01L.... " II arS " . . I" 7
4 m
*SO 845 L*.... " II HI reek " - 'H" I" I
58 8 5t.... " Mill Hall " 0.411 10
■ 81118 ...
•28 4 aBL... •• ie nk 11 wen •• ...10 1-1 11 -i
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
**{PfclUL-'[.L • .tnd Kio lioi .[I.R-011 and
•ft*r l>MMltrr I. I-T7
P i
KHll VA11.1 "• I'hilu.lolphiA 11 " P ns
1 llarrlabnrji i
41 W i|:Um|H.rt H .'k* •n
" TALUK lUvrn !I 40 m
•• 44 Rn"fo Jo 'tiini
.P|VM BfK.ll'- . .
JfIAOAKA EM'IIK-s
4 ' 11
■VWilt lfn|wfi
RRTT'< HT HCNNVA ♦ 4' J> rn
riMMillli Yj tliia train nrrT<> in
fofit# | I M |
PAJT kiNK " IMiiU !A )|.|ii* 11 4>nm
t.=
| w Miptt
** HMTHI AT |,BCK 11 .V *** f) H 4' |1 TIL
PACIWIIUI'KKNS lutM I. k Hdtt n .... ft 40 a m
in
** irrlnniftt IhrrUlmrK .... II Mum
PhltodclpklM.. llrb
bat lmM
B WlltliMpOfl II i" iii
arrlv'* *t l!nrriaLur2 4 I* p rn
IK 44 PhilAdclphia. 720 p n
R"'*o H .Tip m
44 I#M k IIAVMI W45 p m
•• WillUmaport.. 11 Oo ptn
fM at llArri-f'iirjr 2 45 * m
44 KHIUD. Ipl.; -
W H4 ,,4 *F* 44rt 12 •>•* A m
** at llarridmrK .'i W m m
I 44 Phil*dHpliiA 736 m
Tri IftlP Wwit. Niakath K*prM Wh|, |/v k Ifatrn
' ; r•••• Kat. niAk*
t with 1.. \ H. It
K. iraiM lbr k
Kria WKsm+*t. NtAiCAfA Kaprr Wmt, wnd F.f Ic
Etprta Wirt.
Wi!iitijK)rt itt> N <
kd SfaH ! WI. Slatrara i'vpr... Weat. and t>aj
■ | ..e neiliMtial l.o k llaven
1,1i.M6. and VVe.t ronneel at Erie with train*
■ I ■■LA H.. at t'.irry with it (' ,8 A. V. II
II N V V |> B It . an I at
pmr^at INK*'" r>ul I'P'weea Philadelphia and
WillfaMMMMon Slaitara Ripre— We.t. Erie Kvprew
-t Weal, MMfMphla E|ire.. Kaal And Ih% t Ripr*
fefdi*i^i^BCNlM j K*|>r-HA lUt < art on aP
■igkt trate. War. A VULDWIS,
Oan'l Bnprirtrndnt
AND NINTH BTRRKTB,
|P PfItLADICI.PVtI A.
< Mi ft lt rf,m
k*pt *n to Any
01 tha country. Owine loth# Atrin
the prii-■+ of boaril h* lx*>n rdnrH
aAIM|BO|H-r lw J M KiniUN,
M*n*fßr
HHHB- #
811 HOUSE,
BRI.LEFONTK, PA.,
S OPEN.
P. P. PETER*, Proprietor
m
ill# th# Railroad Station,)
LKEBI'BO, rP.STRR COI'XTV, PA.
)HLBECKEK, Prt.prlelor,
IATRI.P.K* on the railroad will *nd
c*l|v|, p| H r*> to lunch, or pr*ciire a
IAINH to|i nlxiiit 25 mlnnfcH 47
° h°n per Ct.
■P ' 1 BIT TIIK MPTDAL I.IPK INBPB
NKW YOHK, on flmt mnrtft(tr, nn
P pr|Hrty. in Kiirna not lewi than tV.nOO
one-third of the pfenrrif value of
Any portion of the principal cen he
_ time It he* the cttAtom of the
*.'T ••
if the Intercut | promptly pnlrl.
P- BHKBWAN. Attoniey-atdaw,
627 Conrt treet. ReAdlng, Pi..
*
I'ro/'cssioiml <'arils.
II A. MCKEE,
1 1 • A7TOUSP.Y AT I..VH
I-' II (Hth'o oppimit.i Court 11. ii* lli'llrf. nip, Pii. |
UNI.VNK FIELDING,
1..V1V .VMM UI.I.KITTON null 11,
l-l.v v I.KVHUKI.Ii, l'A
W A. MORRISON,
' ' a Al rUBNKY- VT I.AW
IIKI.I.I.HiNTK, PA '
Offloe ill VV ...Klrlnc' Rl<>rk,o|i|HHille tin-Court IP uae
Cotißiiltniioit in Knuli*li or tleiiiiHti 2-1)
C.T. AM* 4M.cn. c. M BOWBR
1 LKXAXDER A BOWER,
• * ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
B-llefiinte. Pa . may ho .vi-nlli-d In EnKll.li or Her
tunn. Ollh eln llartnan'* IlulldliiK l-|y
jtwr.s a. ncivvß. j vrtatxr HVPIUPT.
I >EA YE It A (i El' ll ART,
t * ATTORNEYS AT I.AYY, j
Dttl'# nn Allogtirti) atreet, norlli of lligli. Hello. !
f nte, p ~l y I
nF. FORTNEY,
a ATTORNEY VTI.AVV,
IIELI.EKii.NTK, PA, 1
I..Aat d Mr t- the left in tCourt llonee. 2*ly
nS. KELLER,
a ATTORNEY AT LAW.
OtTiir nn Alleeheny Street South aide of Lyon'*
1 lv Rellefnnte. Pa.
JOHN BLAIR LINN.
'' ATTORNEY AT LAW.
RKI.LKEONTE. PA.
OfTlce Allefhenv ?tr'ct. over Pmt ftfTice il-1)
I L. SPANGLER,
*'• ATTORNEY'.AT LAW,
RELLKPONTK. CENTRE t'OPNTY', PA
fctadal allaaUoti lo Oollectiona; pncllcaa la all IJM i
, Court*; CottEullatlonft in tiermen r K giih 1-1) i
T II itr rrn, a nor hoy,
VI L'RRAY VV- GORDON,
a'l ATTORNEYS-.IT-LAW,
CLEARFIELD PA
Will attend the Bellefonte Coiirt* t* lien Ep**' til!y
i cmploj.,l. My (
R R C. HIITLE,
* • ATTORNEY' VT LAW
LOCK HAVEN. PA. j
' All I'UEineE* prnmptlr aftendcl to. Mr
\VM. P. MITCHELL,
' PRAITII AL SI itYEYOR
Lot h IIAVfcN, PA , j
Will attend t ' all e 'k In Clearfield, Centre and |
Clinton c>untl"
• "p|w>tte (*nrk flaven National Bank 2<V-ly '
W ('. HEINLK,
l ' e ATTOBNKV NT I. SW,
It M. 1.1 KitNTK, IVN
Offt. f in C >nrad LL"Jte,
B| • att ■• ' o van i 11 |ltkm ■i • IhIM '
| All HVELOMB att**nd#D to promptly. II i
* vvruu'f f> | l krr■.
1 \\"ALLACI: A KREBS.
' * ATTORNEYS-VT LVW .
| CLEARFIELD. PA.
Will attend and try at Ih-llefonie when j- |
cially retainer I. j
\VILLIAM Mf(TLLGI'GH,
* ' ATTORNEY AT LVW,
CLEARFIELD, P.V
All DIHIBMRI promptly atfrmlc l|o My i
NEW ENTERPRISE.
1 LEXANDER A CO.,
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT
j —AM> —
SEED STORK,
IJELLEFONTK, I'A.
They by thi* nil th# nnmn im4Mrt*,
that l. to deal in and to fnritlah U* fartnern t the
loweat f'Meihle price even thing in the r.f an
agrit iiltiiral inipD-nienl that farmer* nee, Imludiror
MKKDS ..f all kind*.
At preB>nt we hare on hand and are the aufhorired
agent* for the *<B|e of th*. SYB\<d'HK <IIII,I.KD
I'l.ttW, made at Prrwuae. N V It it the |.* t chilled
plow now made; al*o the Ketatone and iron kum
plowa made at Centre Hall. No better plowa than
the*e ran t.e had for the aame amount of money.
A lao the Centre Hall Corrtplanter We need *ay noth
Ing almnt the merit* of thla pi .nter.a* the Juaino* in
uae in Centre county demonatrate* them to he the leat I
H AIIBOW s and CC l*T! Y ATOlt* of the late*t ~,h* !
prt*l patterna.
MOWEKJ4. BKAPKHN and GRAIN BINIHCRB.—Of
theae we *e|| the Oaleirne either a* *< p*rat" M->wer*.
fonihito d Beapera and Mowem. alngle llarTeatera. or
a* Cotuhlnrd ID a per* Mild Binder*
THE W ||KKBKK. No. h, a* a combined machine, ia
the lwt tnai hine of the kind in th market
TUB GBKATKST IMPROVKMK.NT OK Till; ACK
I* the Norrlatowti Gleaner and Binder, fall and aee
it It i* wonderfully |erfecl.
Any boy twelve year* ohl, with one hora*. will fol
low and hind all the grain tliaf any B-ap-r with *ile
delivery will cut It not only hind* hut glean*, and
will aave the price of the machine in one tear, by
taking up front thaatnhhle thai which i now |o*t
TUB lit AIIKHKY GKAIN lBIIJ*. either with'or
without hmadctat hoea, with or without fertiliser and
ewed *"Wing attai hnient* It i* the heat grain drill
for all pwrpoae* in the market.
TIIKGKIRRU TIIRRdfIKB ANH BFPABATOR
The reputation *f thl* machine i* *Y W|| e*tahli*hel
that we ran *y nothing aLoat It that the peß>p|e u
not know Any |>#r-< n wanting one, or in naod of
rejaiira for the*# now In th* count?, ptea*e nil
IIKKIINKKR PATENT I*KVKL TItRAD IIORRR
POW KB for one and two h<>r*e, with Patent S|e. |
ReguUtor Utile Giant Threahar and Cleaner
VICTOR CI/JVKR IICLI.KH agent* for Cen
tre count?.
WAGONS.CABRIAGKS> BCOGIICS and PII.KTONS.
—Weareagrnta for theaaleof the del.rated CONK
I*l N W AGON, the reputation of which I* *o Well eatai*-
lulled; alaoof the CoKTI.AND PI.ATKORM BPBING
WAGONS, Carriage*. Phwfona and IfuggU* All are
warranted. Call and aee *|>ecimet* and examine cata
logue* a* to at vie* and pG ea tiefo?* buying elaewhere.
Catalogue* furnlahed on application.
PI. AST KB AM KKK Tl 1.1/KliS,—Cayuga plaater
finely ground, a* guo<l a* thu beat Nora Scotia. at the
low price of |? Oil |*r ton. Pernriau Guano Mdd on
ordera only. Plniaphatea alwaya on hand. Special
manure* for different rropa aold upon order* at manu
fa< turera* prirea.
POWDKR W'e are liupont'a agenta. Blaatlng,
S|e<rting and Rifle powder on hand and aold at whole.
aa|e price? ; alao fa**
GRAlN.—After the growing crop la harrea|el we
will *• prepared to pay the lilgheat mafket prlca for
all kind* of grain.
fkAl.—Ottr yard la alaay* atockaal with th* heat
Anthracite Cai which we ae|| at low eat price.
I*l MP. —We make the l*f whit* lime In the Stat*.
It* propcrtlw* for mechanical and agricultural pur
' poac* e*B-el all other*.
PAIHIIANKS CAI*P*S We are their aganta In
Centre county and will aupnty all par Ilea wiahing
gieol and true acalea at their loweat price*.
We extend an Invitation foateryliody In want of
anything In our line to call at onr itnrt rooma, op
poaif* the Ruah llonac, and ace what we hare and
learn from th<*e In attendance more partlmlarly th*
•oop* of our butlneaa. ALKX ANHKR A CO.
Bellefonte, Pa., May fl, ISf>. ||.tf
®LTE €N\HT
♦
BEI. I* K FONTK, I'A.
N i:\VH, L''.V( I'S AND HtJ(i(i|.s| |(>N'H.
I riir. Tier tir rur .NVTIUNAL rl.i vux tv Til* iNTKLtI
-116*1'*: A*tl ITIithI'I.HITV ll* Till l'**Utn.
I'.i'erif liirmrr ui /m tmnuiil * r/it-ririirr
tiHcurrrs <if whit li'ri/r 11 amt
' -irill/ a 1,, l/,r "A'll'i' llttlli 111 I'.iiitnr nf thr
I IKMIH'KAT, HrUtfnntr, I'rmi'ii," that nthr.r
\ hirmrr- unit/ /mrr thr henrfit *<i it. l.ct
! <imi miin irn lions br tiinrlii, <r,nt b< s u,-r I/,at
I thru nrr hrirf ami vrtl pmntnl.
Ttinsi: vvltti rviiil tliis ileptii'linent
UI tlio DEMIM U.VT regularly are well
! aware of the importance we attach to
! the " I- armers'Gatilet).' 1 The receipt
of several of the seedsmen's annual
I catalogues, some of which we shall
| notice hereafter, reminds ns that the
j time is already here— although the
i "lull work for the present season litis
hurely closed — when we must think
op our preparations for the next
campaign in the garden. An excel
lent way to begin this work system
atically is to send al ONRT, to some
one or more of the leading seedsmen
for their catalongcs, and after thor
ough examinations of them, make a
ILt of the seeds you need, and send
for them promptly. Of course, most
1 farmers save, from tlieirown gardens,
litany of the seeds which they use,
| but there is not a garden in Centre
county which would nut yield greater
profits if planted, partially at least,
with some of the improved seeds of
fered by the seedsmen. You will want
some certainly. Send for them early,
am! oblige the seedsmen, while you
confer A favor upon yourself.
CAN root crops be profitably raised
j in our peculiar climate, and with our
I present high prices for labor as a
winter food for stuck? This is a
| question as yet much mooted among
i American farmers, and in but few
; cases solved, by experience, to the
| satisfaction of the
I SOME of the most practical and skill
| fnl farmers within our knowledge dia
metrically tlisagree as to the answer
—A fact to Le accounted for, probably,
by the different circumstances under
which they are placed. As for our
| selves we have not yet been able to
! come to a conelusion, although we
have raised and fed larger or smaller
crops ol various sorts, for several
years in succession. In our opinion,
each individual farmer must soUe
the problem for himself, in the light
| to be gained by IS-rsounl experience,
1 seconded by such trustworthy exper
; ience ol others AS he may be able to
i obtain. Perhaps no man in the
country is latter prepared to express
positive convictions upon this subject
than Levi Btockhridgc, ami those who
find themselves interested in it will
be pleased to read the pa|ierfrom his
pen which will be found in another
1 column of this page, and for which
we are indebted to our excellent con
temporary, • lie American Farmer.
A I.ITTI.E extra feed given to the
young stock of all kinds mnr will be
found profitable. If you have roots
and corn with which to help out the
straw and fodder, it would lie far
better to feed a small ration of them
now than wait until February and
J then deal them out in larger qunnti
ties. By that time your stock will
have "run down," become almost
"spring poor," and the extra feed w ill
lie of less licncfit to them, than if
they hail IH-CII kept in thriving condi
tion by giving them a portion of it
during the earlier part of the winter.
Let its make ourselves clear: Of
course you have enough coarse feed
—hay, straw and fodder—to carry
your stock through the winter. This
tlicy must have every day, and you
feed it out in such quantities ns will
make it reach to pasturing time.
But this is not enough for the success
ful wintering of stock in our severe
climate, and it is to be hoped that in
addition to this you have at least a
limited quantity of "extra feed" in
the shape of coarse grains, apples,
potatoes, or roots grown especially
for the purpose, with which to sup
plement the dry feed, for at least
a part of the winter. The point
we wish to make is that it is better
to give the stock half rations of this
"extra feed" during all of the hun
dred and thirty or more days between
now and "pasture," than to confine
them to thy stalks ami straw for the
first half of this period, and then
give them full rations from that on.
Agricultural Publications.
Ve aro already, December in
receipt nf tln> Itura/ Ui'ii'mtcr mid Alnuinur
lor IHSJ, JlUTlL ixlied by Messrs. I>.
I .nil • I• 1 11 A; Sons, seed growers. ol
I' 11>I u• i 4 in. This includes, of course,
! a catalogue itn<i price list of the seeds
i .'lowii and sold by the firm, and is ;
I intended also as a guide and in-iructor.
j not only in the purchase of seeds, hut
I lilting the whole gaidcniug .-.cuson. It
I will he sent free, with postage prepaid,
j to any one who will send his or her '
i address on a po-tal card, addrcssetl a
j ihove. \\ e have heretofore expressed
ourselves so lolly in regard to the
excellence of the I.andreth seeds, that
it is unnecessary to say more here than
that another year's experience with
tlietn has served only to enhance out* ;
ilready good opinion.
The December number of the Atnrri
cm Former, is also at hand. This is one
of the soundest and solidest agricultural
journals in the land. Its matter is
dvuys ol the very hest, and is printed
■n such good style that it is a pleasure
|in read it. As cheap as the cheapest, ;
, aid as good as the best, it would be an
| i(<|uisition to the current reading mat- j
i 'r of every progressive, intelligent :
fanner.
I ick x Ithiitrati'l is always |
welcome everywhere, and justly so. It
'sone of the most elegant little publi
ctSions in the country and is a real
pewer in making people happier and
: better wherever it is known, beautiful .
j itielf, and teaching others how easily h
j aid cheaply they may have beautiful 1
I •trrouudiogs, its circulation should be t
idm bled and tripled, Ocntlcmen, a I
. -Jggestion: You cannot make your '
! sster, your sweetheart >r your wife a '
j Holiday present of anything for the j
•ame money that will give greater (
fleasure, or l* more highly appreciated j,
turn a yew's subscription to IV/, i ,
j T tyirint'.
Subsoiling.
Suhsoiing, as a means of |ternia
neitly iiproving the land, is not
| cgenaivly practiced in our county,
anl is t, we apprehend, very gen
erilly nderstood among us. An
| correspondent of the
, Couilr Gentleman contributes an
inUrestig and very intelligent paper
upon tf subject lor a late number.
| and fuwant of space to reproduce
i the wole, we take the liberty of
matii such excerpts from it as we
bel'?s will he most applicable to the
coi.lmn of Centre county farm
j late
is doubtful whether subsoiling
caibe of much if any benefit on
j riv or other well drained or sandy
j so, the mechanical condition of the
| gmd admitting ol little or no iin
i prement.
[ he true object is the deeper fining j
ol'lie soil, the benefit of which no
oi will dispute. It gives a chance
| fotlie roots to extend in search of j
fiJ, it disposes more readily of rain
wer when in excess, retaining it
I wrc it will be a benefit in a drouth ; j
lessens the ctfeet of frost and
sere heat, as the roots extend
| dper, and the soil, by cva|>oration,
I ukept cooler in great heat ami
; Winer in cool weather. There is
, id less ice formed, and hence less j
living of the plant. Heside all this,
t soil below is aired, and the rains I
win and enrich it, which cannot be
'he, except slightly, in its compact
! stc. The object in subsoiling must
!, in other words, to make of a cold, j
j .rise soil an approach of a loam or
i tier soil.
One of the great difficulties in <
hsoiling clay land is to know when
do it. The best time to meet the
, oper condition of the land is usual
early in the fall, or latter part of
' miner. Hut the objection is—and j
is a fatal one—the intervention of 1
liter will neutralize the effect for
c following season; it will cause
e soil to settle down and pack so
to be of little or no avail—less so,
•wcver, in connection with drainage,
lis is my experience. The desira- <
e time is in the spring before the
op is put in, so as to get the lament '
iring the season. Hut the difficulty i
re is to have the Boil dry enough,
is seldom that this is the case
fllclently early to sow the erop in I
sal time, which should lie for most
our spring crops as soon as the <
pund is mellow or dry enough, i
le advantage of undcrdraining will '
w the more readily lie seen. With I
ylliing like a favorable spring sub- f
ding may lc accomplished, where i
tro is good drainage, with good i
Cet. i
The soil may be dry enough to (
irk well at the surface, and yet be 1
b wet below. Hut it inay also be (
dry, as in a drouth, when it is r
I'd and will break in lumps, leaving I
I low places. This will add to the r
(be of the drouth and hurt the f
q> then sown, though it may benefit I
t land for the next year's crop. n
May in in its various forms is t
mt benefited by sulmoiling, and t
n> hurt by it if the work is done at I
a inproper time, when the soil will
n allow it. 11
- tough, tenacious subsoil, whero r
composed almost wholly of clay, must
he let alone. This is the only treat
ment that is very gradually deepen
ing the soil, bringing up a little of
this clay at each tall ploughing, and
applying manure to aid disintegra
tion ami favor improvement. If the
surface soil hits some sand this plan
is an excellent substitute for subsoil
ing or preparing the land for it; if
of clay, the ease is a bard one.
I lie proper condition of the ground :
for subsoiling, which is when the j
greatest degree of mellowness can be
1 obtained, is to be ascertained by ex
amining the soil, and precludes work- ,
ing when too dry or too wet. partic
ularly the last.
Nutritive Value of Roots.
———
I shall briefly examine the subject
by the light of a few scientific facts,
ami endeavor to draw such practical
conclusions as are suggested. And
il I devote space to the consideration
of the so-called root crops, to the ex- j
elusion ol vegetables, it is because
the latter are grown principally for
human consumption, to lie sold from
the farm, ami for them there is a eon
: stant demand to which the fanner has
( -imply to cuter ; while on the other
| hand roots are generally grown for
'consumption on the farm, and it is of
vast importance that we ascertain, if
j possible, which of them can In: most
profitably con vetted into animal tis
sues and animal products, or will in
the greatest degree increase the pow
er of the animal for taking the nutri- |
mcnt from its other food. In con- j
sidering the question, we must first
fully understand the objector objects
of root growing.
Writers on the subject have stated I
that the value of all food was solely I
in the nutrition it contained, and \
have endeavored to figure out its val- j
tie in different articles on diet,pimply
from llieamountof nutritive elements
found in them ; yet every farmer
knows that during its winter confine
ment. his stock is in an unnatural
condition ; that animals thrive In-st
when fed upon green food containing
more than eighty per cent, of water;
j and that the roots given them have
two very important offices—first, to
j supply the nutrition contained in
themselves, and, second, to keep the
animal in as natural a condition as
: possible, and thus enable it tocxtraet
more nutriment from its other food.
All loot crops contain aliout the
siime quantity of water, and therefore
all answer equally well the second
purpose for which they were fed.
Therefore, in determining which crop
furnishes the most nutrition in ex
change for the cost of production, we
have to ileal only with tlje nutritive
qualities, or flesh and fat-producing
! properties of the various crops. And
for the sake of convenience, I have
prepared a table showing the relative
flesh and fat-forming qualities of our 1
commonly-cultivated roots. Though
| my results differ somewhat from quite
generally received statements, I be
lieve they are, so far as at present j
possible, pcifectly correct; for the
i calculations are original, and the an
alyses upon which they arc based
were derived from foreign sources,
i and have never before appeared in
English.
The most reliable chemical analy
sis of the important root crop gives j
the following results;
' T"tl amount of nttrv>g<*n<>ns
j nr flssh (timuiif fiMlarlitl r. tio.W
j In I nti pi.tta4* f imtetuM
In 1 '••• |Miun<l of mangold*
I In l.ft" pntiii'U of sugar l*wt lOfM*
i In !.<m> pound* of turnip* j •,
jln 1 pur. l f i a:r . I*■ 1
Total amount of <nglnnr(qi
or ft forming matrial Ponnds
In !.<> pound. f pout*—
!In 1 |>un lt of mangolds ..17 2 i
, lu I,'"' pnnU uf sugardw-#>ts 174 4
! In (suinds f turnips *|'
. In pounds of cmrrot*.,.. MM !.:♦ 1 ;
By a comparison of these figures it
! will l>e seen that, as a flesh producer,
j the potato stands first, while the
sugar beet comes last, containing
rather less than half the amount of
nitrogenous matter found in the for
mer. As producers of fat, potatoes
stand first, closely followed by car
rots and beets, while turnips and
mangolds are far in the rear. It
therefore appears that were the nutri
tive qualities of roots the only basis
for our decision, potatoes would lie
pre-eminently the best root food for
all classes of animals, anil that next
to them stand* the frequently-despised
carrot. Hut t here is nn item in guid
ing to the selection of the liest root
crop, if possible, of far more import
ance than the amount of beef and
fat-forming elements it contains;
namely, the cost of production, and
hence the market value |>cr pound of
the nutriment they furnish. Experi
ence has fully demonstrated that, in
regard to its yield, the ease with
which it is cultivated, and <* freedom
from disease and insert pests, the
sugar lieet far surpasses all other ,
roots; and when it is taken into con- ,
sideration that in nutritivequalities it i
is only surpassed by the potato and
carrot, both of which arc greatly In
ferior to it as producers, and far ex- '
eced it in the cost of cultivation, it 1
must be conceded that the sugar licet <
is, all in all, much the most profitable ,
root we can grow, and is suitable alike
for young growing animals, fat cattle,
horses, milch cowa; and even sheep 1
and swine might advantageously lie r
treated to an occasional meal of ,
these palatable and nutritious vrgota
blcs.
Having stated what, to the best of t
my knowledge, is the most profitable t
root crop to grow, let me make a few 11
HiiggostioriH with regard to the culti
vation and use of roots. And first
bear in mind that a hundred and fifty
poundsof beet tops arc equal, for fail
feeding, to a hundred pounds of the
bc>t meadow hay. There is a great
difference between growing beets for
sugar and U'cts for cattle; in the
former case it is the chief aim of the
I" oducer to exclude all the nitrogen
possible, while in the latter it is de
sirable that the plant store up the
j largest possible amount of this eie
! merit.
I heopfore, beets for feeding pur
poses should be grown on heavier
land, or that containing more organic
matter, and giving oil the nitrogen
eons food they will assimilate.
Notwithstanding opinions to the
contrary. I do not believe in cooking
root- f,r horned cattle. The animals
relish the raw vegetables be-t. The
amount ol woody fibre i- -o small, urn!
the elements of nutrition are all so
soluble and readily taken up by the
I system, that the increased nutritive
J qualities of the food, it they exist,
i will not nearly eotupem-ate for the
| itil/reused cost "of feeding. An acre
jof land that will produce three toils
jof hay will grow twenty tons of
beets ; and when it i- remembered that
three hundred pounds of sugar beets
are the nutritive equivalent for one
hundred pounds of meadow hay it
' will be seen that an acre of beefs
| furnishes more than twice as much
I nourishment as does tin acre of hav,
and that the nutriment furnished bv
| them is in the cheajxsst form. Hut as
| it i- not natural lor the animal to take
the hulk ol its food in this condition, it
thrive- best when receiving a portion in
j the form of hay or fodder. Aside
I from the nutriment they contain, the
(•fleet of roots on the condition of the
animal is so salutary that this alone
would repay the farmer for never at
tempting to winter his stock without
roots sufficient to supplv his animals
with frequent meals of from one to
three peeks of cut roots each. And,
if such an allowance was given them
I every <lay, their owner would he am
! ply rewarded.
I hough I fear the statement con
flicts with some generally-received
, i ideas, I am convinced tliat if not ear
; ried to excess, roots ate the most
profitable winter food for cattle; that
among them the sugar licet stands
first ; next to it comes the mangel
wurzel ; and for feeding purposes the
j po ato, even were it not visited by
, blight, rot, or Colorado beetle, could
never be profitably grown. It is a
fact beyond controversy, that the
most successful agricultural districts
are those where the most attention is
given to these products. Though
our farmer* are giving the .
more thought every year. I believe
that a vastly increased acreage is
essential to their greatest success.and
that the cultivation of this crop is a
necessary accompaniment to high and
successful farming.
L. STOCK BRIDGE.
Clippings and Comments.
I have given up the Berkshire* ex
cept to crii- with. Their meat is the
t<et decidedly, the offal the smallest in
proportion of any 1 have handled ; but
oh ! these huts—they won't hold their
j own out in the clover fields against the
cross with the Chester. The cros-ed
i animals always keep m the best condi
tion on the same feed, and the pigs sell
, better, are more hardy and grow faster,
J GOT, of A men fan Farm rr.
We thought everybody know that
j "crossing"' is just what the ordinary
, farmer who raises meat wants of
! thoroughbreds, and he lias no busi
ness with them for any other pur|x>*o.
j I o be sure some one must raise the
pure breeds to keep up the supply for
the use of the meat-raising farmer,
but this is a business by itself, and
should be left in the hands of the
breeders who understand it, and can
afford to give it the required time
anil attention. A cross of a female
of the ordinary "scrub"' persuasion
so that she is healthy, witli large
fratnc and correspondingly large ap
|>etitc —with a thoroughbred male,
secures to the progeny all the good
qualities of both parents, and they
are, therefore, better than cither for
the average meat-raising farmer. And
this holds good with cattle and sheep
as well as pigs. By the Way, we arc
glad to note that this correspondent
speaks so favorably of the Berkshires.
Hoar doca his experience agree with
that of our friend. Dr. Stewart, of
Snow Shoe ?
As the dogs let me alone last year,
my sheep paid more than one hundred
per cent, profit 1 Think of that!— From
the tame Qrrttpondent.
And when you "think of that"
think at the sainc time how much "it
would add to the agricultural wealth
of our State if our legislature had
wisdom or pluck enough to enact n
Inw which would compel dog owners
to sec that their worthless curs let
ail sheep alone, or else pay for the
sheep they' kill.
SHKKI* manure is much richer than
that of cows. Practically it is esti
mated at nearly double the value of
that of cattle.