Wilson, Mr Far lane A- Co., Hardware Dealer*.
HARD"WAHEI
WILSON, McFATiLANK & CO.
DEALERS IN
STOVES,RANGES t HEATERS.
ALSO
1" Paints, Oils, Glass and Varnishes,
AND
BUILDERS' HARDWARE.
ALLEGHENY STREET, - - • IIUMKB' III.OCK, .... HKLLIKONTK, l>A.
r
Ihtniness ('arils.
E. . .
HA It N ESS MAX U F A CTO It V
111 Garmau'* New lllock,
RKLLKFONTK, PA. 1-1)
1? P. BLAIIt,
I 1 . JK.WKI.KIt,
WATCHED. ETIWH, JEWELRT, SC.
| All work nmtlv -xf.ut.vL "n All-xli-ny tr—t.
I (Bnd-r Kr>-k-rh<>fl 11 HI..- 4-tf
DEALERS IN PURE DUt'OS ONLY.
t j ZKI.LEIt ,t SON, a
E r I . i.Rcmii> is.
No ti. lirookirliuir lt..w 5
£ £ All tlk— Standard PikU-nt M-dtclik-a Pro- -
- W rii.tl" and Family B<vip-a a.-, wrHl.lv h
tEC nrrnart.l. Triwaa*. !-h"ikMer Brac-a, Ac., Sr. * I
f < 1 4-tf o i
K •
I I oris DOLL,
| 1 J KASIIIIIN AIII.K BiK'T A SHOEMAKER,
Brork-ili.ifl Row. Al -k.li.-ny atr-ct,
l_| y Bell-font*. Pa.
*. C. HCMEa, Pr-a't. J 1". HAURia. Caah'r.
THIRST NATIONAL HANK OF
1 BKLLEFONTK,
Allegheny Stmt, Hellefoiite, Pa.
/SENT RE COUNTY BANKING
I VV COMPANY.
' R-celr- Brpoalla
An,l Allow Int-r-t.
la* oRR( SolrkJ
Bov ami H-ll
Gov. Srcrrltl-*,
Hold and Coupon..
Jama A. Bxavix, Pr-ald*t.
J. I). BHua*RT. Caahlcr.
BELLEFONTE it SNOW SIIOK
R. R.—Tlma-TaM- In effect un atiJ aft-r May
1 I*M>:
LenvM Snow Shoe 7.20 A. *..rnr-a In Dei I-font
> S.LU A. a.
L-nf-a U-llrf.nte 10.2-4 A. arrive, nt Snow Shoe
Snaw Shoa 2,'> r.M..rrlv- In Bellafonte
3 41 r. *. _
1.-av-* Itellefuiite ' .!'• P X..arrive* at Snow Shoo
8.J7 P. H. UANIKI. RIIOADB,
lioneral Suporinlon.lont.
IJ ALP EAGLE VALLKY RAIL
_I J ROAD.-Timo-Tahle. April 4">, 1"":
Ear. Mail. wa.TWARo. <■ AATWrRi.. Eap Mail
A. K P. X. *"' A ' *
*lo7 u2 ArrtT-at Tyrone 1.-av- 7 - H 4*
a I #v. L-nv. Eaat Tyrone Date... " : ' a ''V
T M RAt " Vail " -7 42 .'a;
788 li 47 " Raid
74 B :id " Fowler " ■ j !■: h"•
742 633 " Hannah " ... • " •* J '
7;-i p. 74 " Port Matilda " ... *OU P'
727 •17 " Martha " ... *"J ■'
71* ft na " Julian " —a 1 9 .2
7 9 647 " I'niontille " ... *2l *79
7 (al 54* " Snow Shoe In " ... *32 944
:A t44 " Mlleeloirg " ... *34 94*
B 111 638 - R. Ilefonte " ... *43 9'7
830 538 '• Mileelairi; " ... *4410 • "
824 514 " Cortln " ... 9 l*t 111 19
1* 510 " Mount Kafc-le " ... 9121 d 2'
B 9 sni •• Howard " ... '• 20 1"
6884 !A .... " Kazlerllle " ... 9 '.* 10 49
840 4 4.4 " Bee. h Creek " ... 94010 54
434 433 " Mill Hall " ... 95411 1*
629 430 " Fleinlnßtoe " ... 95711 S'
428 424 " laa-k llaren " ...10 01 11 25
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
I A —<PhiUdelphU .iil Krie li*iln.>—On End
after D•rmber 1 *T7
W KHTWARP.
KRIIMAILWvfi rhiUdotpliU 11 M pm
•• M llnrrUl nrE 4 'io n
•• •• W)|lUni|Kirt M X*> afn
•• Uk lUfcn W 4 m
•• " Rn<vo 10 66 m
•• nrrlvM* t KrU " P "
NIAOARA KXPKBSW IIVM IM.lUde||.hl. 7inm TM
•• •• FlHrTfsLurg .. lo 60 A m
" VMltinmaport. - pni
• arrive* •! Itrn'tvo 4 4> p in
[ PftMH'tigfrs Dy thiw trmin •rr.?" In Hello
fonte at 1 -16 | n
FAPT I,INEI"itp Philadelphia- 11 4a m
•• M llarri.htirE pin
" •• Williiuntport 7 .TO pni
•• trriTOfi at llaven H 4i p iu
kahtwakd.
PACIFIC K.XPRraF |aave Dirk Itavn ..... 40 a m
•• " Willlamaport... 7 6ft an
•• arrlviNi at llarri/lnr(f .... 11 66 ain
•• '• Philadelphia.... 3 46 p■
DAY RXPRBBB laatea
•• 14 I/trk Haven 11 20 a m
M M William/port 12 40 an>
•* arrival at Ifarriahnrg 4 10 pm
•• M Philadelphia...... 7 20pm
KRIF. MAIL laavea Reaovo 6 V> p m
•• M Haven 9 46 p m
• •• Will iamaport 11 Oft pfn
" arrlfM at Ifarrlahnrf 2 46 am
•• " Philadelphia TOO AS
FAST LINK l*av*a Wllliamaport 12 .15 a m
m arrivaa at ffarriahurf< 8 68 a m
• M Philadelphia 7 .16 a m
Krf* Mail WNt, Niaara K.ipreaa West, Lock llavan
Acrommrdatlon Wet and Hay Fipreae Kaat. mak
f, cloae ronnactiona at with L. AH R
,f R. train* for Wilkraharra and Mcmnton.
Brie Mall Wet. Niagara Kiprea* M'oef, and Krl*
Bapraaa Went, and Ij*rk Arromonelation M'fw!
R Ittake rh*e ronn*H*tion at William*|ort wltn N.C. R
. W. train* north.
Eri* Mail We*t, Niagara F*pr** Weat, and Hat
§1 R*pr*** Faat, mako r|ia*t connection at Lock Haven
WrlTilh It V. V. R R train*
B Krie Mail Ka*t and Weat connect at Krie with train#
im L S. A M ft. R R.. at Corry with U. C. A A. V R
ti . '*t Kmp*riam with R. N. Y. A P. R. R., an I a'
Br Driftwood with A V. R R
L Parlor car* will run between Philadelphia and
gfi Wdllamaport on Niagara Weet, Krie K*pre*
p Wait, Philadelphia Rxpreae Kat and fhiy K*4re*
B lEaat and Sunday Rxpre** Faet Sleeping cars on al'
Klght train*. Mm A. fit LOW in,
flen'l Superintendent.
fIIRARD HOUSE,
M \ I CCRNKRCHKSTNI T AND NINTH STRKETB,
T M: FRfLADELPHI*.
K Tbia hanae prominent in a city famed for it* com-
I Ibruhle hotel*, la kept in every reep..ft equal t< any
|*Srl f 'l" hotel* in the country. Owing to the atrin-
\ of the timea. the price of hoard h* leii reduced
to Tiiaßß MtUM per day. J. M'KIBRIN,
Manager
RUSH HOUSE,
lIXI.I.EFONTK, DA.,
IS OPEN.
6 22-3* l I>. P. PKTKR.4, Prnprl.tor
■pENTRAL HOTEL,
V (Oppo.lt. Ih- Rallroikd Station.)
MII.RSBt'RO, CRNTRK COCNTY, PA.
I A. A. KOULBECKKK, Proprietor.
B THROroil TRAVXI.RRS on Ih- railroad will And
Ilot-I an -a—ll—nt pla— lo lunch, or pro-ur- a aa
aa AM, TRAINS •("!• akwll2B mlwnt-w. 47
■rnVßYToLoan ato pert't.
Br *r Til* MCTCAI. Lirx INSUR
IAAMCK CO. OF MAW YORK, on flr.t mortair. on
farm pmparty. In auma not l-aa than S2,(HI
not .a—lln* on- third of th- pr-wnt vain- of
■, prop-rty. Any |iortlon of th- principal c*n Iw
Hbt off at any tlm. and It haa h—n th- ctkitom of lh-
to p-rmlt Ihn prlvrlpalto r-maln aa lon* aa
{■b borrower wtahaa, If Ih. Infarct la promptly |*id
to
■F CIIARI.FM P. SIIKRMAN. Allorn-y-at-l.w,
527 Court .11—1. R-adlag, I'a.,
r(n DAVID 7.. K LIN P., Co.'* Appraia-r,
K 2-tt B-11-font., Pa.
Xeir Ail vert isemeuts.
! - ...
WHO WANT
GROCERIES
AND OTHKit
SUPPLIES
KOIt
I I A II \' EST I X Ci
HHOL'I.I) CAM, ON
ISECHLER& Co.
FOR ANYTHING IN TIIK I.INK OF*
SUGARS,
COFFEES,
TEAS,
SLICES,
NEW CHEESE,
s. C. IIA MS.
s. C. DRIED BEEF,
BREAKFAST BACON,
DRIED BEACHES,
NEW BRI NES,
HOMINY and RICE,
SYIIUIS and N. O. MOLASSES,
NEW MACKEREL,
ST( >N i:\VA RE, (j I EE NSW A RE,
Ac.. Ac., Ac.
AIXI ANYTHING IN TIIK I.INK OF
;FRESH MEATS.
\\ n rd' killing htttll-fod *tp#r* of from J
1200 lo 140Hlbt. v and have positively the
BKST M EATS
' that arc offered for -alo in (Vntrp county. I
SECHLER & CO.
ar.ocEEs.
Flush Haute lUork, Ih Ilefonte, I'a.
NEW ENTERPRISE.
4 LEXANDER A CO.,
; AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT
—AMi —
SKI<; I) STORE,
HELLEKONTK, PA.
j Thejrmoan by ?iii j all the miik inipoftti '
1 th*t i*. t< |c.l in efpl to fomi*h t farmer* at the '
|owe*t i- wil l- price even thing in the tha)* f an j
! agricultural implement that firmer* u*e, m- hiding
i BKKIS of all kind*.
11 Atprwtti *9ban 11 hniHnnd in lb*snttiortiad
> I gent* fur the Mle of tile SYItACCSK CIIII.LKH
1 ; I'l.ovr. made at Byrcn*e. K V It ft* the be*t hilled
i plow now made; al*o the Keyatone and iron henm
plow* made at Centre Hall No letter plow* than
* the*., ran had tor the -wine amount of money.
> Al* thet entre Hall (VirnpUufer Me noe| ** v notG
i ing ahoiit the nn-rit* of tlii* pi nter. a* the £ii now in
i u#p in Centre count* drmon*trmtea them to he the |ket
HA It ROWS and C( i.TI\ ATURB of the |ate*t mil
n proved pattern*.
> M'WKIl.\ KKAPF.RB nnd GRAIN HINDERS Of
1 three we *4-11 the (NUirll*. either it* fteparate M.twer*.
i Cmhlned lte,.pT* and Mower*, eingle Ila rv eater*, or
it a* Com li net I It. |er* Mini ItitMler*.
TIIK V%* II KKI.KR, No. a* atomldne*! mar hine, I*
„ the le*t machine of the kind In the market.
TIIK ORKATKPT IMPROVKMKNT OK TIIK A(IK
„ it the Nortitown tileaner anl Hinder. Call and *ew
„ it It i* wonderfully perf**. t
n Any Im>> twelve year* old. with one florae, will foh
„ low and hind all the grain that any with *i-|e
|( delivery will rut It not only hind* hut glean*, and
n will mv the price of the machine in one year. ly
n taking up from thettthlde that which i* now |<>t.
n TIIK M.-IIKHKY tilt * I N DRILL, either with o
|( without hroad a*l low**, with r without fertllirer and
*ee*| *-wing attachment* It i* the l.eat grain drill
for all pwrpoee* In the market.
;; TUB GKIBRR TURKS II KH AND RRFARATOR
n The reputation of thi* machine i* **. well etah!ihrd
n that we ran *ay nothing about It that the people da
n nrt know Any pereon wanting f>nr, or in need rf
reiiair* f..r the*# now iii the county, plea*** call.
" IIKKIiNKR'B FATBNT LKVKh TKKAD IIORfIR
. f*f)H KR. fr one and two hi>r*e*, with I'atent Speed
Regulator. Little Giant Thmher and Cleaner.
f VICTttR CUfYRR IICLLKK S..|e agent* for Can
. tre r ountv.
WAUONB.CARRIAGR.9 Bl OGIF.S an.| PM.KTONS.
—Me are agent* fir the rate of the • eh>hrate| CONK
LIN M'AtftON. the reputation of which I* er> well etale
} 11-bed. *l*oof the CtiRTLAND PLATFORM SPRING j
\VA<H)NS, Carriage*, Phirton* an<l lhiggir All are
$ warrwnteil. Call and *ee *|erimen and examine cata-
logtie* a* to attrle* and peft. e* before buying #!*• where 1
Catalogue* furni'hed on application.
I'I.ASTSR AND FKRTI I.IZKK-—CyiiK* pl.t-r
rt finely ground, a* good a* the heat Nova Scotia, at the ]
J low price of #7<nper ton. Permian Guano aold on !
order* only. Pho*phate* alway* on hand. Sf>erUl
j, manure* for different cropu aold ujM.n or.ler* at manu
facturer*' price*.
PDM'DKR—M'e are DuponC* agent* THaatlng.
Sporltng and Rifle powder on hand and aold at whole
■ *|e prh en ; al*o fu*e.
GRAlN.—After the growing cr*p I* harvested we
will Im prepared to pay the highe*t market price for
all kind* of grain.
CXTAL.—Our yard I* alway* atocked with the beet
. Anthracite Cal which we *el! at lowet price.
LIMB -W# make the he*t white lime in the State
,1 It* propertieu for mechanical and agrftcnltnral pur
po*e* e*ce| all other*.
FAIIiHANKS' RCA LBS.—We are their agent* In
Centra county and will aupply all partiea wi*hing
I good and trne #caU* at their lowaat price*.
M'e extend an Invitation to everybody in want of
anything in our line to call at otir etore nmnw, op*
(ewite the RIIRII llonae, and aee what we have, and
learn from thoae In attendance mora particularly the ;
•cope of our buelnr*e. AI.KXANDKK A CO.
Hellefonta. Pa., May 6,l*W). PMf
WOODWARD SEMINARY,
i. Boarding and Bay School for Tonng Ladioi
and Little Childrtn.
SECOND AND LOCUST STREETS,
HAKRIBBURG, PA.
7 Rxular -rm will h-gfn SZI'TKMBKR 10, I*7o.
(YintPk* of aliirty—Cla-rtr an<l Brl-nltflr, with Mfi.le
an 3 Art.
• lloarrl and tuition from 1280 to $.380 a Jimt i.nd no
(- -xtraa
n Por drcnlnra and all d-alrnbl. Information add ma
• 21-dm PRINCIPAI,
; TJHOCKEHHOFF HOUSE,
1 > HKI.I.RrONTK, PA.
' W. K. TELLER, PropriPtor.
Good Sample Room on Second Floor,
49-Prn* Ban tn and from nil Train*. Bp—l*l rat-*
to wttn***** *nd juror* 1-ly
tOtt Ctnto §ewont.
BKLLKFONTK, PA.
j^amcuLTUß^L.
NKWH, FACTO AND HU<iUKBTIONB.
riir. TKRT r TME NATIONAL WILPARI IH THE IRTELLI
UIJICI AND PROAPKKITY Of THE IAKMI.K.
Every farmer in his annual experiene*
discovers something of value. Write if am
send it to the Agricultural Editor of tin
I) KM or it at, ItellefontCy /Vhpi'ii/ 1 that othe§
farmer* may have the benefit of it. !,e>
communications he timely, and he sure thai
they are brief and well painted.
The Cross Cut Saw.
Every fanner has, or ought, to
have,a cross cut saw —unless, indeed,
lie can afford to have a "circular"
connected with his horse power. Oui
experience and observation lead us
to believe that the "cross cut" is
seldom in such condition as to do
the most and best work with the least
outlay of labor, and for the reason
that the average farmer does not
understand how to "set and file" it.
We find in the Southern Cultivator a
lesson upon the subject which we
quote as being quite a/irojw* to the
season at which all good farmers w ill
take care to have the year's supply
of firewood prepared :
Take a new saw that liiim never bepn
set, place it between two boards cut to
fit the saw, clamp it tijdit on a bench or
vie; take an iron wedge, fife one cor ;
ner to suit the set of the tooth when j
finished, then take a small hammer,
hold the wedge with til" left hand, i
strike the tooth lightly with the ham
nier until at the right place; then turn
die wedge on the opposite side, and on 1
the next tooth, and set it in the same
way; now then you reach the third and I
most important tooth in the saw—leave
it perfectly straight ; pass on to the
fourth tooth, set it as you did the first ;
turn the wedge, sat fifth the other way ;
leave the sixth tooth straight; and so
on until you finish. Now take youi
file, dress the two teeth hh you do the
common saw; the third file perlerth
straight and square—leaving it about
one-twentieth part of one inch shorter
tlian the others. Continue in that wax
until you finish, and then you will find
it will cut twice as fast as the old way
practiced by most farmer*.
Lcsboiib From the Fat Stock Show. i
From the Record.
At the Fat Stock Show in Chicago
a competition for the heaviest dressed
steer attracted much attention. There
weie 120 entries for the prize—Short
horns, ilerefords and Devons, and
grades from these breeds. The live
weight of the animals is remarkable,
and it is to la- noticed that botli
Shorthorns and Ilerefords werecclips
ed by grades from their own breeds.
The best pure Shorthorn steer weigh
ed 2.R50 pounds, but the animal of
this breed which showed the best
result according to age was one 72 1
davs old, weighing l.'i'.lo pounds, or
2.'20 pounds for each day of his life.
There were a full dozen Shorthorn
grades which beat the pure-bred ani
mal in this resjwet. The best were
steers of 422 and 585 days respect
ively, weighing 1,104 and 1,490
pounds, or 2.61 and 2.54 pounds per
day. The In-st pure Hereford weigh
ed 1 ,H"5 pounds, and the best accord
ing to nge was one of 884 days old,
1,700 pounds, or 1.92 pounds per day.
The best grade Hereford was one of
000 days, 1,580 pounds, or '2.27 |kt
day. Of course the smaller breed of
Devons could not compare favorably
in such a competition as this. The
Irest w as one of 018 days, 99(1 pounds,
or 1.00 per day. A cross between a
Hereford and Shorthorn attained at
the age of 594 days a weight of 1,395
pounds or 2.34 per day. The lesson
deducihft from all this is that, the
superiority of the grade over the pure
breed for feeding purposes being
established, the last reason why the
general farmer should stay out of the
business of feeding cattle is abolished.
A grade calf eosts but a few cents
more tlinn a scrub, and has the ad
vantage over the scrub at every
point. When farmers supposed that
the feeding of high class export
steers was a monopoly in the hands
of wealthy owners of Shorthorn herds
there was some excuse for standing
aloof. It l>cing now clear that the
grade beasts are more profitable to
feed than the pure breed, no farmer
ean afford to he without a pure-bred
bull.
THE form of cow—or steer—for
vigor, thrift and economical keeping,
is a wide open-faced, round-bodied,
low-standing animal. The wide face
should bcsetoir by full-sized bright
ish eyes, indicating easy training.
And the form of the body usually cor
responds with a wide face, the thick
set roundish form being the most
economical in keeping up its tempera
ture, while affording the greatest ex
tent of surface for meat cuts. At
the same time, thick-set, round-bodied
cows are mora muscular and active
and vigorous, than deep fiat-sided or
wedge-shaped cows of equal weight
or size, whatever their breed may be.
As a slight evidence of what Texas
is doing in the way of raising fruit
trees, it is stated that a nurseryman
in Washington county has twenty
seven men traveling, and holds orders
for 70,000 peach trees.
Extracts and Comments.
New process clu--s<i is the Ixti-stkiok
fhe point in the lew process U that the
•uttermilk is use \ for cheese ma kin,
ilier the butter i extracted. If tin
fieese turned out 'porn skimmed milk
'lul buttermilk f, ives a inarketabb
Miele the profits o dairymen will be
considerably en 1 arged.— llr.conl.
Why not curry this tl *ig a degree
I'urtln-r, ami suggest a st. 1 greater
•'profit for the dairymen" by making
mother grade of cheese from the
whey which remains after the manip
ulation of the "skimmed milk anil
buttermilk." A large proportion of
the cheese offered for sale now in the
average grocery is of so poor a qual
ity as to suggest that this skimmed
milk and buttermilk article is by no
means a " new process"—and that's
why the cheese market is so easily
overstocked.
Many doubt that our Blount's corn,
uliivated and manured ax wo have
•titled, has yielded lull bushels of shell
-d corn per acre. "There must be *'/<•
ihtn</ wrong," xayx ono. "I do not be
five tliut lad bushels of shelled corn
•'in Kt prod need upon one acre," xayx
another. The truth, however, ix ux we
i o- Mated and shall be able to prove.
once smiled at Mr. Conrad Wilxon'x
lalk ax to the "Possibilities of the yield
of Indian corn." Hut we have realized
uix possibilities by easy, inexpensive
method*, and we have a very strong j
•aith that we can do it again and again,
<nd that every other farmer may.—
/{><r'tl A Vie Yorker.
Wc arc not of those who doubt
tliut the llnrul'n crop was just as
stated, but we cannot agree that
"every other farmer may" realize
these same possibilities "from easy,
inexpensive methods."
I had for dinner last week some sweet j
orn. whn-h grew from seed that was
raised this year. It was of the excel
lent ' K.rlv Minnesota" variety, the
first planting of which was on the sixth
ol April; llie seed Irotn this first crop
was planted ali i ive the supply re
farted to. — 'V. Ameri'tn Agricultural
Cut this out and paste it up where
you cannot fail to see it, and when
you order your garden seeds—which,
by the way. you should do immedi
ately after the holidays—get a small
package of the "Early Minnesota"
for nirhj roasting ears.
Hints about Horses.
Ffiith Ih* Atueri' C'altivaiur
The horse's stomach has a capaci
ty of only sixteen quarts, while that
of an ox has 2.10. In the intestines
this projiortion is reversed, the horse
having a capacity of 100 quarts,
against 100 of the ox. The ox and
most other animals have a gall-blad
der for the retention of a part of the
bile accreted during digestion. The
horse has none, and the bile flows di- j
rectiy into the intestines as fast as
secreted. This construction of the
digestive apparatus indicates that the
horse was formed to eat slowly and
digest continually bulky and innutri
tions food. When fed on hay, it
passes very rapidly through the
stomach into the intestine. The
horse can eat but five pounds of bay
in an hour, which is charged, during
mastication wit h four times its weight
of saliva. Now, the stomach, to di
gest it well, will contain but about
ten quarts, and when the animal eats
one-third of his daily ration, or seven
pounds in one und a half hours, he lias
swallowed at least two stomachfuls
of hay and saliva, one of these hav
ing passed to the intestine. Obser
vation lias shown that the food is
passed to the intestine by the stomach
in the order in which it is received.
If we feed a horse with six quarts of
oats, it will just fill his stomach, and
if as soon as he finishes this we feed
him the above ration of seven pounds
of hay he will eat sufficient in three
quarters of an hour to have forced
the oats entirely out of his stomach
into the intestine. As it is the office
| of the stomach to digest the nitro
geneous parts of the feed, and as a
stomnchful of oats contains four or
' five times as much of these ns the
same amount of hay, it is certain that
either the stomach must secret the
gastric juice five times as fast, which
is hardly possible, or it must retain
this food five times as long, Wy
feeding the oats first, it can only tie
retained long enough for the proper
digestion of hay; consequently it
seems logical, when feeding a concen
trated food like oats with a bulky one
like hay, to feed the latter first, giving
the grain the whole time between the
repasts to be digested.
Gypsum in Stables.
Zr<im til* American Agriculturist.
This article is admirable as a fertil
izer upon clover, and an efficient ab
sorbent of ammonia, and purifier of
the air of stables. It is well to
sprinkle it over the floor of both
horse and cow stalls, as soon as they
are cleaned out in the morning, and
over the betiding at evening. When
thus used, its effects are just as good,
and probably better than when ap
plied alone upon the land.
ON land that needs it, nothing pays
so well as drainage, and tile drainage
best of all. This, with thorough cul
ture and proper management must in
the end succeed.
Wintering Stable Manure.
A. IS. AIN-ri In Hnml NVw Vutker.
Some contend that in order to pre
serve its fertilizing Halts, Ntable nu
nure should he covered by a rev' If
it he; pure and without litU- >t any
kind, it is undoubtedly best to have
it well sheltered from sun, wind, rain
and snow ; hut if, on the contrary,
the manure abounds with litter, or it
is composted with sod, muck or peat,
shelter over it is injurious rather than
beneficial; for the outside elements
are just what it requires to assist in
a more rapid decomposition and liner
pulverization, which better fit it for
application to spring crops. Rain
and snow contain more or less am
monia, according to the season anil
the frequency of the fall of them ;
and these, saturating the manure, add
considerably to its fertility in the
course of a few months. As I have
neither sod, peat nor muck, but plen
ty of coarse marsh hay and straw, I
use these lavishly for stable bedding.
In addition I also use them in making
up manure heaps in the following
manner:
Make a bed of one or both of
these, a foot thick, 011 the open
ground w here most convenient, and
daily spread all the stable manure
over this bed till it is about four
inches thick ; then put on the next
layer of straw or hay only six inches
thick, and over this a layer of only
three inches of manure, and thus
proceed till the heap is as high as is
wanted, finally with a layer of six
inches of pure manure without litter i
in it. This last is necessary to top j
the heap, in order to make it rot j
equally in a short time from top to
bottom. 1 usually make the heaps j
about five feet high, and they soon
settle down to four feet.
Leaves of trees may lie substituted '
for hay and straw when obtainable if,
neither of the latter can be had.
Manure thus heaped up never fires,
although decomposing rapidly, and
none of its salts filter through the i
bedding; all are retained by the sev
eral layers of ha} - and straw, and
assist in rotting them, and making
the whole heap a homogenous mass.
The object in having the lowest layer
twice as thick as the subsequent ones,
is to insure its saving all the salts
that may be washed down from the
other layers into it. When a quality
of manure is wanted richer than the ,
above, we sprinkle fine ground bone
dust or meal and guano alternately
over each layer as fast as made, In a
greater or less quantity as desired.
A fair amount of these mixed with
a heap containing ten two-horse wagon
loads—say five cords—would l>e 1.10
pounds each. This additional fertil
izing matter would make the ten j
loadS sufiicient to manure half an
acre of land—unless excessively poor
—for all ordinary crops grown on
the farm. Superphosphate may be
substituted for bone dust, but it does
not usually contain a much of the
fertilizing elements for the price as '
l-lio latter, and is not so reliable.
Pure, fine, ground bone dust or flour |
mixed up with stable manure as
above, is as well fitted in a few i
months to be applied to crops as i
superphosphate; and fine sifted or
manipulated guano, of course, is al- {
ways ready for immediate application, j
If the manure is to be applied to
potatoes, or for the production of,
fruits, potash is also an excellent
additional fertilizer to be sprinkled
on every layer as fast as added 'othe
heap. Some arc al the extra labor of
tossing over this compost once or
twice In-fore using it, but I have
found this unnecessary. Forking it
down straight from the top to the ,
bottom in loading into the wagon, !
and doing the same when unloading
it for the crops mixes it sufficiently.
A Few Good Suggestions.
A moderate quantity of cayenne
pepper, mustard or ginger can with
great benefit be added to the food of
fowls to increase their vigor and to
stimulate egg production.
On many farms there are some old
cattle and old sheep that can only lie
kept at a loss. It is economy to
fatten them for the butcher.
Now is a good time to select your
seed potatoes for next year. In doing
this be earefnl to reject nil inferior
specimens. I>o not try to select all
large ones, but let them be the most
perfect specimens. For very early
planting, |K>tatocs about the site of
hens' eggs have done the best with
me, taking one year with another.
EXI'F.RIRNCK teaches that stock
entering into winter quarters in good
condition can be kept without diffi
culty, while an animal beginning the
winter in a poor condition, notwith
standing an abundance of food, care
ful housing and the best attention,
will invariably be in poor order the
following spring. Particularly is this
the caso with common stock. For
stock consumes a less amount of
food than lean stock.
A cow should be as well fed when
dry as when giving milk. She should
now increase in flesh, so that she may
be able to give a greater flow of milk
when milking time comes. To feed
a dry cow on poor hay, or even think
that straw is good enough, is poor
policy, and the loss will show itaclf
in the milk pail. Feed the cowa well
all the time.
Milk Cellars.
No dairy is well furnished unless
it is provided with a good milk-house.
The quality of the butter made de
pends greatly upon this, and if the
best appliances—such as have been
described—are used, their conveni
ence and economy are in proportion
to the good or bad arrangement of
the milk-house.
The first requisite of a milk-house
is evenness of temperature. In a
buildin A that is not cooled by ice or
warmed by a stove, the most regular
temperature is secured in a cellar.
The common receptacle for milk is a
cellar, because every house is sup
plied with one, or should Ire, and it is
the most convenient place for it. For
a family dairy the cellar will be the
appropriate place for keeping rnilk ;
and if it is not fit for this particular
purpose, which requires absolute
cleanliness and purity, it is not lit for
human beings to live over. If it is
not lit for this purpose, it should be
made lit by thorough cleansing, and
draining, if necessary; laying a floor
of cement, moderate lighting and
ventilation, and the protection of the
windows by wire gauze. A slatted
outside door is very suitable for a
milk-cellar, and this should be on the
north side ami opened at night. The
walls should Is- closely pointed and
whitewashed inside. The common
practice ol protecting a cellar from
frost by heaping litter from the sta
ble around it, is very objectionable.
Nor should turnips or potatoes be
stored in a cellar in which rnilk is
kept, unless it is divided by a tight
partition and the root cellar abund
antly ventilated.
Ventilation for a cellar may be
provided by carrying a tube or spout
from the floor to the ceiling, and
through the wall out of doors, where
it should be protected by fine wire
gauze. The spout is provided with
slides by which it is closed when it
is necessary. The cellar should be
well ceiled with latli and plaster,
otherwise dust will be dropping from
the rooms above; and in any case
this is advisable, for if no other
means of ventilation are provided,
air will pass up and down througli
the floor over the cellar and it may
lie bad for the milk, and for the oc
cupants of the rooms above as well.
The ceiling not only preserves clean
liness, but regularity of tempera
ture at the same time.
In the Southern and some Western
States the houses are not provided
with cellars. Where an outside cel
lar is desirable, in these and other
cases, an excellent arrangement is as
follows : A cellar is dug 1J feet deep;
the walls are built of stone, concrete
or brick. A sub-cellar, at least eight
feet deep, is made by throwing a
floor over the cellar four feet below
the surface. An out-house or shed is
built over this as a protection and is
lighted by a sash in the roof. A sash
is placed over a raised frame in the
floor, which lights the sub-cellar.
Steps are provided for access to each
cellar. The sub-cellar is furnished
with shelves ami a bench, and in such
dry soils as will admit of it, a cellar
of this kind is one of the best possi
ble for a small dairy or, indeed, for
household purposes. It is light and
cool, and the teni|>erature will not
vary from about CO degrees, or some
what less, the whole year. It should
l>e kept whitewashed, by which the
light is well diffused about it. It may
be found convenient to use the upper
portion as a churning room and for
storing milk utensils.
Cellars are apt to be damp. In
this case the air may be dried by
means of a pock of fresh lime placed
in a box or tub in the cellar. Twen
ty pounds of lime (one peck) will
absorb about seven pounds of water,
and to take seven pints of water from
the air of a cellar will make it very
dry. The lime will simply lall to
powder and may be then used for
many useful purposes, or be added to
the garden compost heap.
Where the cellar cannot be used
on account of the wetness of the soil,
an above-ground cellar must be pro
vided. This may be partly sunk in
the gi ind, but if there is any dan
ger of, ater soaking into it, it should
lie wh#dy above the ground. It be
comes then, properly, a milk-bouse,
and the description of such a bouse
will be undertaken in the next chap
ter.
KKKP fattening hogs in small pens,
a few in each when practicable,—ob
serving, as far as convenience will
allow, to have those of an age and
size together. We have heretofore
recommended feeding coarse-ground
corn meal between the regular feeds.
Let it be given either dry or wetted
and put in the trough, bearing in
mind that the more they eat the more
profit for you. Continued feeding of
corn alone causes the the teeth to be
come sore and diminishes thereby
the appetite and the quantity con
sumed.
MR. C. B. EATON, Ooleman* Rural
World says, gathers bis flock of sheef
from any part of his 400 acre pas
ture by blowing a horn. "They ex
pect, and always get, salt or corn for
their obedience to the call.'*
GLUCOSE is defined in a recent
French paper as follows:—"Qlucoac
—a product with which wine is man
ufactured without grapes, cider with
out apples and confectionery without
sugar."