©lif Cnvtrc /Ocutonut
MO
Term* 51.50 per Aiiiinm.in Advance.
S. T. SHUGERT and R. H. FORSTER, Editor*.
Thursday Morning, December 9, 1880.
OUR PARTY C REEI).
The following pannages from the in
augural address of Thomas Jefferson,
John \V. Forney says, are the coin
plotest summaries of the Democratic
creed in all our literature. Never
were the deathless doctrines of a true
Democracy more inspiringly stated
than in these extracts. There is not a
present need that these two inaugurals
do not meet, nor a present evil that
they do not rebuke, nor a present
question that they do not answer.
And yet one of these great papers
was written seventy-nine years, and
the other seventy-five years ago!
Thomas Jefferson wrote for all time ;
for yesterday, to day, to-morrow, for
our future and for his. How poor and
barren tlui chosen exponent of the
Republicans, Alexander Hamilton, in
comparison with this lull, prophetic,
and marvelous declaration of the
Democratic leader and founder!
FIRST INAI'UI R.M., MARCH ITU, 1801.
"About to enter, fellow-citizens, on
the exercise of duties which compre
hend everything dear and valuable to
Vou, it is proper you should under
stand what I deem the essential prin
ciples of our government, and, conse
quently, those which ought to shape
its administration. I will compress
them within the narrowest compass
they will hear, stating the general
principle, but not all its limitations.
Equal and exact justice and honest
friendship with all nations, entangling j
alliances with none; the support of j
the State governments in all their !
rights, as the most competent adrainis- ;
trations for our domestic concerns, and
the surest bulwarks against anti-Re- '
publican tendencies ; the preservation I
of the General Government in its'
whole constitutional vigor as the sheet
anchor of our peace at home and safe- j
tv abroad ; a jealous care of the rights
of election by the people ; a tuild and
safe corrective of abuses which are ,
lopped by the sword of revolution, 1
where peaceable remedies are unpro
vided ; absolute acquiescence in the
decisions of the majority, the vital
principle of republics from which there ,
is no appeal but to force, the vital ■
principle and immediate parent ofdes- i
potism ; a well-disciplined militia, our
best reliance in peace, and for the first
moments of war, till regulars may re- j
lieve them; the supremacy of the <
civil over the military authority;
economy in the public expense, that
labor may be lightly burdened ; the
honest payment of our debts, and
sacred preservation of the public faith ;
encouragement of agriculture, and of
commerce as its handmaid ; the diffu
sion of information, and arraignment
of all abuses at the bar of the public
reason ; freedom of religion, freedom
of the press, and freedom of person,
tinder the protection of the habeas
corpus; and trial by juries impartially
selected. These principles form the
bright constellation which has gone
before us, and guided our steps through
an age of revolution and reformation.
The wisdom of our sages and blood of I
our heroes have been devoted to their
attainment. They should be the creed
of our political faith, the text of civic
instruction, the touchstone bv which
to try the services of those we trust;
and should we wander from them in
moments of error or alarm, let us
hasten to retrace our steps, and to re
gain the road which alone leads to
peace, liberty, and safety."
SECOND INAICCKAL., MARCH 4TII, 180").
"At home, fellow-citizens, you best
know whether we have done well or
ill. The suppression of unnecessary
offices, of useless establishments and
expenses, enable us to discontinue our
internal taxes. These, covering our
land with officers, and opening our
doors to their intrusions, bad already
begun that process of domiciliary vex
ation which once entered is scarcely
to be restrained from reaching success
ively every article of property and
produce. If, among these taxes, some
minor ones fell which bad not been
inconvenient, it was because their
amount would not have paid the offi
cers who collected them, and because,
if they had any merit, the State au
thorities might adopt them instead of
others less approved.
"The remaining revenue, on the
consumption of foreign articles, is
paid chiefly by those who can afford
to add foreign luxuries to domestic
comforts. Being collected on our sea
board and frontiers only, and incorpo
rated with the transactions of our
mercantile citizens, it may be the
pleasure nnd the pride of an American
to ask what farmer, what mechanic,
what laborer ever sees u tax-gatherer
of the United States? The contribu
tions cnuhlc us to support the current
expenses of the government; to fulfill
contracts with foreign nations ; to ex
tinguish the native right of soil within
our limits ; to extend those limits and
to apply such a surplus to our public
debts as places at a short day their
final redemption, and, that redemption
once effected, the revenue thereby lib
erated may, by a just repartition of it
among the States, and a corresponding
amendment of the Constitution, be
applied, iu time of peace, to rivers,
canals, roads, arts, manufactures, edu
cation, and other great objects within
each State. In time of war, if injus
tice by ourselves or others must some
times produce war, increased, as the
same revenue will bo by increased
population and consumption, and aid
ed by other resources reserved for that
crisis, it may meet within the year all
the expenses of the year without en
croaching oil the rights of future gen
erations by burdening them with the
debts of the past. War will then be
hut a suspension of useful works; and
a return to a state of peace, a return
to the progress of improvement.
"I have said, fellow-citizens, that the
income reserved had enabled us to ex
tend our limits; but that extension
may possibly pay for itself before we
are called on, and, in the mean time,
may keep down the accruing interest;
in all events it will replace the ad
vances we shall have made. 1 know
that the acquisition of Louisiana has
been disapproved by some from a can- j
did apprehension that the enlargement
of our territory would endanger the
Union, lint who run limit the extent
to which the fair rot ice principle may
opt rate effectively The larger our as
sociation, the less will it be shaken by
local passion-; and, in any view, in it
not heifer that the opposite bank of the
.Mississipjii shall be settled by one own
brethren antl children, than by stranyers
of another family t With which should
we be most likely to live in harmony
and friendly intercourse?
"In matters of religion, I have con
sidered that its free exercise is placed
by the Constitution independent of
the powers of the General Govern
ment. 1 have, therefore, undertaken
on no occasion to prescribe the relig- I
ions exercise suited to it, but luive left
them, as the Constitution found them,
under the direction and discipline ot
the church or State authorities ac- j
kuowledgcd by the several religious ;
societies."
STEAM FOIt UIIM.KIIS.
Frm th San Knttji* ' Bulletin.
The steam whaler Mary and Helen,
just arrived iu this port from the Arc- ;
tic ocean full of oil and hones, is the :
first whaler using steam as an auxil
iary power ever seen in these waters.
She has besides a full cargo of oil to,- ;
000 pounds of whalebone, which is ,
worth at present prices B'J, or a little
over that figure, a pound, while the
oil is worth something under •*>'• cents
a gallon in this market. Another
steam whaler, the consort of the Mary
and Helen, left New Bedford about
F MX weeks ago, and is now well down ;
toward the Straits of Magellan. She
will go direct to Honolulu and then '
tukc in stores for the Arctic, reaching
the ground early in tlie coining season.
Honolulu has at present the preference
by whalers coming round from the
l Atlantic, because the crews can In
kept together as they cannot in this
port. The cargo of the steam whaler
now in this port is worth something
over a hundred thousand dollars, r-p
resenting a single season's work. Tin
vessel cost new at New Bedford proba
bly about SMio.OOO. Ih-r steam power
is sufficient to drive her eight to nine
knots an hour, ami she is ta-t under
canvass alone. The steam whaler is
not a novelty on the Atlantic side.
Several have been employed in the
j North Atlantic and the Arctic, or tin
waters leading thereto, for some time,
j The first steamers wore employed in
■ the seal fisheries, sailing out of Eng
lish ports and going up into high lati
tudes by Spitzhergen or the cast coast
! of Greenland into Baffin's hay or Mel
ville sound, or wherever they could
j find open water and any prospect of
whales. When the latter were scarce,
seals were taken, and very good car
! goes made up iu this way. The change
! will go on gradually until the whaling !
| fleet on this side will he mostly com
-1 posed of medium-sized vessels, with
auxiliary steam power, the safest craft
I for whaling which ever went into the
Arctic ocean. Vessels fitted in this
way can take advantage of open water
to work through narrow channels, and
can avoid ice nips, in which so many
sailing vessels arc caught. They can
follow their own boat crows who are
killing whales, and in tins way reduce
the contingency of disaster, enabling
the crews to strike whales rapidly, and
secure their carcasses with greater
certainty. The steam whaler is des
tined to make it pretty rough for
whales in the Arctic, but quite cheer
ful for the owners of such craft.
A qt'EES'S KINDNESS.
In Naples the papers -tell a very
pretty story of the Queen of Italy.
It appears that as she was driving to
the Boynl wood of Licalo the coach
man mistook the road, and one of the
gentlemen asked a countryman the
wny. The man, seeing the fine car
riage and horses and the servant's liv
ery, and all the gay company, thought
lie was being fooled. "As if you did
not know !" he said, with a grin. The
Queen laughed, and assured him they
were lost. Then only did the country
man condescend to point out the way,
after which he walked off as if fearing
to be laughed at again.
"Give him twenty francs for his
trouble," said the Queen to one of her
escort, who, going after the country
tunn, said :
"Here, my man, is a present from
the Queen of Italy, who thanks you."
"The Queen 1" cried the country
man, returning to the earringe. "For
give me that I did not know thee.
But I have never seen thee before.
Thou art as beautiful as a May rose.
God bless thee!" And the carriage
drove off.
Now the countryman who had once
seen the Queen wanted to see her
pretty face again, and the following
day lie presented himself at the palace.
"I know her, you know," lie added
mysteriously. "I spoke to her yester
day, and I want to speak to her again."
Thinking lie had to do with a mad
man, the porter was about t<> have the
poor fellow arrested, when the very
gentleman who had given him the
twenty frunes appeared, and, recogniz
ing the man, told him to wait. He
informed the Queen of his presence.
"Bring him here by all means," was
the answer.
When the man was for the second
time before the Queen he said :
"Yes, 'tis thou. I thought I had
seen a fairy. Thou art just an angel.
I did not tell thee yesterday that 1
have two little ones without a mother.
Wilt thou he their mother?"
-That I will," said the Queen.
"Then there's the twenty francs thou
gavest me yesterday. 1 thank thee,
hut I want no moncv." And he went
away crying and smiling like a child.
The Queen has adopted the two lit- i
tie ones, and they are in an institution i
under her special patronage.
I'l TNA.M AS A SPY.
Among the officers of the Revolu
tionary army none possessed more
originality than General l'litnam, who
was very eccentric and fearless, blunt
in hi- manner, the dariugsoldier, with
out the polish of a gentleman. He
might well he called the Marion of
the North. At this time a stronghold
called Horseneck, seven miles from
New York, was in the hands of the j
British, i'utnani, with a few sturdy ;
patriots, \va- lurking ill the vicinity
bent on driving them from the place, j
One morning he made a speech some- j
thing to the following effect.
"Fellows, you have been idle too j
long, and so have I. I'm going to
Bu-li's at Horseneck, in an hour, with ;
an ox team and a hag of corn. If I j
come hack I will let you know the J
particulars. If I should not, let them i
have it by hookey."
lie shortly afterward mounted his)
ox cart dre-sed as one of the common
est order of Yankee farmers, and was
soon at Bu-h's tavern, which was in
pos.-es-ioii of the British troops. No
sooner did the officers espy him than
they began to question hint as to his
whereabouts, aud finding him a com
plete simpleton, as they thought, they
begun to quiz him and threatened to
seize the corn and fodder.
"How much do you ask for the
whole concern ?" asked tliey.
"For mercy's sake, gentlemen," re
plied the mock clodhopper, with the i
most deplorable look of entreaty; ]
' "only let rue off, aud you shall have j
my hull team and load tor nothing, !
and if that won't do, I'll give you
my word I'll return to-morrow, and
i pay you heartily for your kindness j
and condescensions."
"Well," said they "we'll take you
at your word. Leave the team and
provender with us, and we won't re
quire hail for your appearance."
I'utuam gave up the team, and
i sauntered about tor an hour or so,
i gaining all the information he wished.
He then returned to his men and told
; them of the toe, and his plun of at
| tack.
The morning came, and with it sal
! lied out the gallant hand. The Brit
j i-li were handled with rough hands ;
and when they sum mered to General
i I'utuam, the clodhopper sarcastically
I remarked :
"Gentlemen,! have kept my word.
; I told you I would call and pay you
I for your kindness and condescensions."
The Indian Problem.
SKI RETARV SCIII RZ SAVS TH AT HF. ARK
RAPIDLY NEAR INI) ITS SOLUTION,
In submitting his last annual report
i to Mr. 11 ayes Secretary Schurz reviews
, the policies followed in some of the
I most important branches of the pub
i lie service under his supervision dur
ing the ]>orii>i| of the present Adminis
| nation. The line of action followed
I with reference to Indian affairs is
' given at length, and a great degree of
! success is claimed for it. He particu
larly urges the general and thorough
j education of Indians, especially In
dian children. He devotes considera
| hie space to this subject, and says that
false economy at the present moment,
when the desire for the education of
their children is so general and so
urgent among the Indians, would be
particularly unwise. "Looking," savs
the Secretary, "at the present condi
tion of things, it mny be said, without
exaggeration, tlint, on the whole, the
Indian situation is now more hopeful
than at any time before." He asserts
that we are on the straight road to the
solution of the Indian problem, and
nearer its accomplishment than gen
erally supposed. The reports of the
auditor of railroad accounts, the com
missioners of the laud office, pension
bureau, patents and education, are al
luded to. The latter calls especial at
tention to the marked improvement in
the methods of teaching, especially in
the rural schools, and the gratifying
growth of public sentiment throughout
the country in favor of our public
school system.
The Secretary, after showing the
necessity for a new building to accom
modate the largely increased business
of the Interior department, repents a
recommendation made some time ago,
to buy up as much property as possi
ble around Lafayette square, aud erect
Government buildings. The report
concludes with an earnest recommen
dation lor an increase in the salaries
of the department officials.
A Merchant's lln rem.
There arrived at New York on Sat
urday morning last on the luman
steamship City of Brussels, from Liv
erpool, Air. Escofnlly lliptalu, a
Loinhav merchant prince of almost
untold wealth, who brings with him
his four native wives, Yageerbal, All
en Bundi, Yhohajan and Omdabia.
These were in charge of another wo
man, who glories in the name of
Bhoonbal, and eunuch, Abdoolallu
Esmuiljee. In addition to this retinue
were the servants of the male sex,
varying in size, height and age.
They all wore either a turban or red
tcz, with black tassel depending, ami
were for the most part dressed in halt
European costume, but their master,
the merchant prince, was attired, with
the exception of his nether garments,
in true Oriental style of splendor.
I nder a loose overcoat, which was
carelessly thrown open, could be seen
a long garment of pale pink, pending
to the knees, on which was worked a
mass of gold embroidery in a bewild
erment of fantastic shapes. The party
was accompanied by Mr. Harry \\ .
French, of Boston and Mr. 11. Valen
tine. The former of these gentlemen
took the reporter below to the apart
ments which had beeu specially and
luxuriously fitted up, under the super
vision of l'urser Collar, for the Indian
ladies. Before entering the door the
eunuch, who was lying on a mat at the
threshold, had to be assured that the
reporter had his master's permission
to enter his harem. The tour ladies
were sitting on a couch just like " four
little blackbirds all in a row," with
their feet lucked under them. In ap
pearance they are decidedly pretty.
1 heir faces are round and swarthy,
while their features are well marked.
The prettiest of all however, is Om
dabia, a wife at lour ycais, and yet
whose age to-day is only twelve. Oin
dabia, like her companions, was thin
ly clad ; in fact she was simply envel
oped in a thin relay of red and blue
muslin clouds, adorned with orna
meuts of gold. .Jewelry forms the j
largest and most important part ot
these Oriental ladies' wardrobes.
Through their noses art; pierced holes,
from which hang rings of diamonds,
pearls and other precious stones to far
below the mouth and there swing to
and fro with each motion of the head.
They deck themselves out with trink
ets according to their individual fan
cy. In some instances the ears are
entirely hidden by the huge orna
incuts which they almost worship, and
j in all cases they wear around their
! shoeless feet one or two bands of gold
I and silver inlaid with rare stones. All
j these fair but dusky girls are small in
stature.
While Deputy Surveyor Welch was
i examining the wonderful costumes
, contained in the trunks of the Bombay
j merchant, the reporter asked of the
latter the object of his visit to this
j country, to which he replied in very
( good English : " I have come here
! simply to see the Tinted Static of
America. Mr. French and I are old
friends, and from him I have heard so
inueh of this country that I at last
determined to visit it, and here I am.
I am here simply on pleasure and as a
private individual."
" May I a.-k in what manner you
find employment for your numerous
servants?" "Each has certain things
to do. With lis no servant does two
things, and besides, when I get tired
and weary, I make them amuse me.
They are all good musicians. During
our trip across they had an opportune
ty for practice, and in that time some
of our most solemn leasts took place.
To the last of these we invited all the
passengers and they nppcared to be
highly amused. Then 1 have also my
conjuror, my snake charmer, and my
women w ho dance for me after dinner.
When the I'tince of Wales visited
Bombay,some years ago, I entertained
him, ami on that occasion my wives
showed him the natitch dance."
A liattle Between Two Klks.
Kr'm lh Wyoming L*tt*r.
It was discovered that each herd of
elks was controlled by a few bucks,
which proved to be those animals nlde
to maintain the mastery over all the
other horned bucks. The proportion
of large horned bucks was small, per
haps one to every twenty-five animals,
but there are frequently four or five
bucks seen in a herd of this number,
the question of siipi-riority not having
been settled. Such instances, however,
were always accompanied by terrific
tights between the bucks for the mas
tery, in which, not unfrequeutly, large
pieces uro broken ofi their magnificent
antlers, and in one instance, we found
a buck whom contiuucd fights had
left with but one solitary stump as an
apology for a born, but this veteran
was still game. One member of our
party succeeded, by persistent labor
und caution, on one occasion, in ap
proaching within 200 yards of a hand
of not less than KM). There were four
bucks in the band, three standing out
side, not vet willing to acknowledge
defeat and leave the band, and yet
whom the fourth had evidently driven
out. The conqueror wandered proud
ly around through the band, shaking
his towering horns at the outsiders, as
if to invite them to return and renew
the combat. Finally one of the bucks
advanced, ami a night was witnessed
which it iit not often the lot of a hun
ter, even in the far Went, to witness.
The two unimals came savagely to
gether, the ir heads striking with a
loud report. There wan a locking of
horns, several fierce plunges, a terrific ;
struggle which lusted for some min
utes, the outsider being again van
quished ami driven out, several tips
having been broken off his horns. Titc j
defeated buck was completely exhaust
ed, his tongue protruding and his head
down, and, withdrawing to a point 300
yards from the band he laid down.
Mow Shall (ilrls Kara a hiving!
From t)i ISontoii lilobc.
The great aim of most girls of the
middle class who seek to earn a liveli
hood is to obtain positions as sales
women, including in the term all wo
men or girls who stand behind a conn- |
tcr and sell goods. Most of these po>- j
itions are filled by girls of good edu- ;
lion and many by those of even high !
attainments. There is a perfect rush i
for such positions, and the crowd of
applicants is so great that they can be
hired as low as 82 per week, and this
is all that many receive. The average j
wages, however, are from 85 upward, !
the saleswoman in charge of a depart- ;
ment often receiving 812 per week.
The reasous why those places are so
much sought alter are probably he- '
bausc they are the only ones of which
nine girls out of ten, looking for their
first employment, have any knowl- ;
edge. They have seen the saleswomen
in the stores well dressed and plea
antlv surrounded. The work seems
" light and genteel," as they term it : ;
consequently it is usually their first
thought when they come to look for
work for themselves. They are not
aware of the fact that saleswomen, as
a class, earn considerably less than
women who perform manual labor,
while they are expected to dress far
more expensively. They must do this
if they would keep their places, no
matter where the money with which
to buy clothing comes from. Another
disadvantage of these position- i- that,
in most of them, good looks i- one of
the strongest recommendations, and
when the saleswoman begins to fade I
Iter chances not only of promotion but
even of continuing in her position i
grow less. These, however, are facts
that an inexjierieneed girl doe- not
usually know, and, con-equentlv, a>
has been said, the number of appli
cants for these places is very large,
while the chances of getting them are !
proportionally small. The question !
may be asked, how* do girls get places
in stores or shops as saleswomen,
bookkeepers, copyists, or in any ca- 1
pacity? The answer is, the place is
never waiting for the girl. The influ- !
ence of relations or personal friend- j
ship secures places for many. It
might he added that too many obtain
positions even at the sacrifice of mod- j
estv. The honest girl who has not
influence has but a sorry chance to
obtain a place, unless it be one to do
manual labor. Another circumstance
which tends to keep her out and keep
down the salaries of those, that are in
is the eagerness with which many
young women who arc secretly leading ;
lives of shame will take a position ot
light work at the mere nominal com- i
peusation in order to account to their
respectable friends for the money they
spend on dress and amusements.
New Stories of Judge Blaek.
Mi Oriin<ly In Philadelphia Tim-*.
Judge and Mrs. Black returned to
their residence at York, Pa., the first
of this week. An incident which I
have lately heard in Judge Black's
early history iuterests nie much. When
a very young man, just old enough to
be eligible, his party (the Democratic,
of course, for he was dyed in the wool)
pro|>oßed him as their candidate for
Congress and felt sure of electing him, 1
for, ulthotigh the district was Whig by
an overwhelming majority (two or
three thousand, I think,) "the gentle
man who was certain to be nominated
by the \\ higs hap|H>ued to be very un
popular. Mr. Black's father was a
Whig—a strong Whig in every sense
—and so were most of his numerous
relatives, and this, as well as some
other causes, made that party willing
to see him take a step upward in poli
tical life. But certain leading mem
bers of the Whig party, unwilling to
lose the district to a Democrat, held a
conference and took counsel among
themselves how they might save it.
It was necessary to kill off both their
own unpopular candidate aud the
dangerous one whom the Democrats
had brought into the field. This they
did effectually by putting on their
ticket the elder Mr. Black, the father
of the Democratic candidate, who re
tired not only with grace but appar
ently with pleasure, insomuch that he
was for awhile out of favor with the
Democracy for supposed complicity
with the manonivre. His father was
elected without opposition.
Here is another incident which dates
later in his life, but long before he
came to Washington in the public ser
vice, The Ilarrisburg guards changed
their name to the "(Aimeron guards,"
and Simon Cameron gave them five
hundred dollars. Jack Ogle, a bril
liant young fellow, afterwards an M.
C., a friend and relative of Judge
Black, was captain of the Somerset
guards, a gay volunteer company at
Judge Black's home. Hearing of
Cameron' donation tlie captain called
on Judge Hlack and insisted upon a
similar gift to IIIM company, to whi-li
the Judge assented without hesitation
upon the Maine condition ai to change
of name. "Certainly," said the cap
lain, we expect nothing else," "Then d
it in Mettled," Maid the Judge, "hut
Jack think how the new name will
Mound. May it not be po.-ibl<- that
some of your men will dislike to b
culled the 'Mack (iwird* f' " The rap
tain saw it in an in-taut and -aid h<
would not hcur MUCII a name for anv
money.
Our .lewlkh (Oris.
The San I'ranci-co Jewish Tim
remarks upon the alleged fact tha*.
while it in a rare thing lor a Jewi-h
girl to marry a Christian, so man
young Jews are Mel<-etitig Christian
women for their brides that " Jewi-h
fatherf who have daughters to give m
marriage, tremble at the gloomv pi
peets before them." The editor ot il.<
J'inifK waxes indignant over this -t.v
of things, and thus relieves hi- fee 1-
ings : "We have in thi- city .Fewi-h
girls who areas handsome, as winning
and us cunning as nature could possi
bly make them. They are, as a <la--,
v< ry intelligent, too, and the envv et'
their Christian si-ters, who are gener
ally not ready to admit that they have
rivals anywhere. And those winning,
winsome, black-eyed beauties an- n- ■*.
scarce cither, and they are not -tic k
up by any means, and would gladlv
einbraee an opportunity that would
considered eligible, and yet tle-v are
suffered to remain spin.-tei-, while
second-hand furniture, in the -hp.- of
faded Chri-tian calicoes, i- taken t>
the manly bo.-otn of Jewish youths,
for no other reason hut because the
Christian girl- can get up their bang-,
bangles, and Montagues iu a mote
crazy shajK*." He argues that since
marriage- between Catholic- and Pro
testants, who both worship Jesus, often
lead to household di-scusiou, discord
will be mure likely to ensue where
those who do not worship him marry
wives who do, and he advise# Jewish
youths to marry among their own
people and he happy.
The Morganatic He treat.
Kfcfn th* V *% York Tint#**.
Jt is rumored that the Czar intends,
iu the event of his abdication, to fix
tiis residence in the Crimean Palace
of l.avadia, which is certainly as de
lightful a retreat from the cares of
Mate as any ruler could wish. The
little port of 5 alta, twelve miles dis
tant from Balakiava and eighteen
troin Hebastopol, lies in the hollow of
a tiny buy formed by the curve of a
huge sloping ridge, hall-way up which
sittuds the Czar's palace. Seen from
below, its dainty white front aud orn
amental balcony give it quite the look
of an ivory carving; but a nearer ap
proach shows it to be of considerable
size, very handsomely furnished, aud
altogether resembling one of the lux
urious villa.- of the bay of Naples.
Ihe trees which encircle it, aud the
vast cliff overhead, completely shelter
it from the bleak northern winds,
while the vineyards that cover the *
slope, the trim little toy town below
and the bright blue sa ail arouud
make a charming picture. Since the
ojK*iiing of the Crimean Hail way, Li
vadia is but three day's journey from
Moscow.
The National Banks.
During the year ending November 1
there were organized fiitv-seven Na
tional hunks with an aggregate capital
of over six million dollars, and to
which there was issued over three mil
lion six hundred thousand dollars in
circulating notes. In the same period
ten banks, with an aggregate capital
of over one million dollars and an ag
gregate circulation of nine hundred
and twenty-eight thousand dollars,
have voluntarily discontinued business.
The number of National banks now
in operation is 2095 which is the great
est number in operation in anv one
vear since the establishment of the
National banking system. Mississip
pi is the only htate and Arizona the
only Territory in which National
hanks are not in operatiou.
NOTHING in the world is so strong
as a fixed habit, good or had. The
seaman cannot sleep soundly on the
shore, because he misses the tossing of
the ship and the roaring of the wind.
We heard lately of a forlorn widow
who the third night after her hus
band's death sat at the window watch
ing the stars with sleepless eves. At
last her thoughts, sad and weary,
broke into soliloquy : " This trying to
go to sleep," she said, "without a quar
rel of some kind is so new that I can't
stand it." Just then two uieti under
her window fell to fighting. She
watched the conflict to the eud. then
quietly undressed, saving: "That's
kind of homelike," ami in a few min
utes was fast asleep.
NAPOLBOK the First said that ag
riculture was the body aud soul of the
empire, ami in the height of his glory
he gave the subject attention and en
couragement, and established in France
a department of agriculture.
LORD BROUGHAM once, when he
was in a facetious mood, heiiijf asked
to define a lawyer, said • "A lawyer is
a learned gentleman, who rescues your
estate from your euemice, and keeps
it himself."