J>. LAXIHtKTII ,f SOXS, Harden ffoxfi. PMltttMphitt,
subject, And cannot In* acquired In a short th*e by those wlnme Attention liaa boon engrossed with oilier
pursuits
The Sm! Growing KMnbU-hiin NT of I) I.ANDKKTII A HON.* (now comprising 1..Y74 m re*). first founded
In 1744, And |*iiig to three generations, liaa leeii coodui'led WTTLI THE vltw of producing a*m!a of tli very BOUT
And purrt i|ualUv. Wo are, therefore, Justified, in manuring ~,|F *iiatooera tluit THE HKKDH OPFKKKD BY
I S IIAYK NO Hi I' Kith K IN THIS OK ANY OTIIKK t'OI'NTKY. TIN* public generally nr.* Invited to
CNLL aii I examine our atwk *f HKKDS. IMI'bKMKNTS AND TOOIJt, all of the Art quality. No second
|UAlity GHNU for sale Catalogue free. Prlcea low.
D. LANDRETH & SONS,
21 and 23 South Sixth Street, and No. 4 Arch St., Philadelphia.
A NEW OFFER.
Almost Given Away, an Eight-Page Paper for Less thau
Cost of Paper, Ink and Postage.
THE WORLD
IS FOR
HANCOCK m ENGLISH
FIRST, LAST AND ALL THE TIME,
AND WILL UK SENT,
Postage paid, from now until January 1, 1881,
Weekly - - - for 25 Cents
Semi-Weekly - - for 50 Cents
Daily, including Sunday, for $2.50
Or until after the Inauguration for doublo the above prices.
Democrat*, acrid for it and read what is being done ail over the country by
Democrats to insure a glorious victory this fall. Send it to your Republican
neighbors, and convert them to democracy.
HELP ON THE GOOD CAUSE!
Address THE WORLD, 35 Park Row, Now York.
II ilson, Mr fa rla tte f Co., Hardware Healer*.
HARDWARE!
"WILSON, & CO.
DEALERS IN
STOVES, RANGES'HEATERS.
ALSO
Paints, Oils, Glass and Varnishes,
AND
ZBTJIULIDIEIRyS' HARDWARE.
ALLEOUKXY BTRKKT, .... IHMtJC BUICK, .... BRLLBPONTS. PA.
HufinrHM ('tirtltt.
HA UN ESS MA N U FACTO R V
in (Urmtn'i Now Block,
BEMJCrONTK, PA. l-ly
I? P.BLAIR,
1 • JKWKLKR.
WATCVW, fl"'!', JBWBLET, *tC.
All work nmllj e*erui*l. On Allegheny •tre^t,
under Bnckerl*>fl llouee. 8-tf
DEALERS IN PURE DRUGS ONLY.
; I ZELLER A SON, i
£ if * DRI'OCIMTS.
"11 No ft. Brockerhoff Row. J
£ All the MtaniUrd Patent Medicine. Pro- a
Z acriptfona n<i family .nuraUlyj J.
ss prepiued. Tlmil, ftonUac Ilrwea, Ac., Ac. '
r<; , I
T OUIS DOLL,
1-4 KASIIKINAIII.R IPX IT A 81IOF.MAKKR,
BrockeihofT Row. Alleghany at real,
|_ly Hallefonta, P*
. c. aeon, Pran't. >■ • ■. fMah'r.
JjMRST NATIONAL HANK OF
BEBLEFONTS, - .
Allegheny Btreet. Bellefonte, Pe.
( CENTRE COUNTY BANKING
\J COMPANY.
Recctre Repcwlta
And Allow Intered,
Dtacotini Note,;
lujr and Moll
Oor. Becnrltle.,
Oold and Conpona,
J tan A. Btargn, Predd.nL
J. DHnc.tnT.Caahlar.
CONSUMPTION
POAITIVEI.Y CURED.
ALL nuffereni from this dineaMC
• hat re analona to ha rqred ahonld try Ira.
KIMMNKR'M CBLKBKATKD CONBISMPTIIK TOW
DERM. Thaaa Powder*arc the only preparation known
that will rura Conarnrrin* and all dlaaaaaa of tha
Taaoar *a Ltnana—lndeed. ao atrong la oar faith In
tbain, and alao to con.lnr. yon that they ara no hum
bug. wa will forward to arary anffarar by mail, pat
paid, a ran Tarn. Box.
Wa don't want your money nntll yrm ara pdfectlr
•aUdled of thatr curatlre power*. If yoar llfa la worth
aarlag. don't dalay In giving thaaa Pnwatna n trial, aa
| thay will anraly enra yon.
Prlra. for larga box, H on, aant to any part of tho
Initial Mtataa or Canada, by mail, on racalpt of prlra.
Addraaa,
ASH A ROBBINS,
U-ly 3f<o PtilUm Street, Brooklyn, IV. T.
UTS, EPILEPSY,
OR
FALLINCi
PERMANENTLY CURED—No
Humbug—b. aaa monlh'a auaa af Or. Qaa
lard'a Celebrated Infkllibta FH Powdara. To n
tinea tnffarara that thaaa powdara will do all wa claim
for thorn wa will aand them by ami I. roar rata, a rata
Taua am A* Dr. Ooulard la tha only phyatalaa that
haa avar made thla dlaaaaa a apodal atudy, and aa to
our knowladga th'ioaanda bara h—n ream* rearer cor
wd by tha aaa of thaaa Powaaaa, w I wiu, nciatnraa a
riataaninr rnra In arary rata, at aartias roe IU
hirer axnanan. All anffarara ahonld gla thaw
Powdara an aarly trial, and ha eonrlncd of Ihatr cora-
Uaa power*
Prlca, for larga box, £l-00, or 4 boxaa for (Ift.flO, aant
by au> 11 to any part of tha Uoltrd Mtataa or Canada on
radapt of prtca, or by axpraaa, C. O. D. Addraaa
AKII A RobBINS,
44-ly. MO Pulton Mtraat. Brooklyn. . T.
"TJROCKERIIOFF HOUSE,
I) BEI.LBPONTB, PA.
W. R. TELLER, Proprietor.
Good Sample Room on Second Floor.
MV Proa Baa* to and from all Train*. Mparial rata#
wltnaaaaa nndjorora. l-ly
Tin" Attention of Market (Janlonors
nnil otliora desiring to l'lirchuMc Spoilm
1m oklliml lo tli* FACT flint tin* CnMwtgo uihl otbrr FU
offihil by I). I.ANDKKTH A HO.NRT to their ctntomtn
AIM grown and nAvrd entirely by tlietiiftdve, II|MII their
own *ed furum. the result of many yearn arrful And
And Intelligent iM*l**t*l loii . a lid are not thr re*ultof clianot
mid mrtdee* parcha** from pnrtlea who know nothing
of the lomhirwa of raining wwli **>•. l mUiiig
yi'Am of cti** observation, m.TuI attention to the^ne
Hellefonte a snow shoe
K. R.—Time-TaLle to effect on nnd after Mny
1,1 8*:
I,y\d4 "now "ho# 7.20 a. v. .arrive* in B*ll*font
9.10 A. M
Rctlefoute 10.38 A. m , arrive* it Hnov Shoe
11.67 A. ■
Bnw Shoe J.'O r. M.,arrive* In Bellefonte
• r m.
Vle|lefonte "• 1f r m ,rrlee t "now "In*
* Tl* DAJVIKL BHOAM,
(ierterel "u|rint*h<lerit.
HA LI) EAGLE VALLEY KAIL
ROAD Time-Tehle, April 2, IWW:
K*r- Mel I. WKATWAftD. CAATWteo. Kip. Mali
A. *. r m. 11, 1,1
* 1" 832 Arrive et Tyrone
* l Btl Beat* Keet Tyrone 7 18 8 /7
: I 111 " Veil •• ... 719 A3l
T6B 817 " Behl KgU •• ... 721 8 .17
74" ♦ 9 M Fowler M 7 .11 if,
7 4'2 6 .1 " llenneh ** ... 7 M 9 7
7 16 666 " P.rl Metilde " ... 741 918
727 647 M M*rthe M ... 7b2 92*
71" 638 M Julian M m 8 1 t m
7 9 627 ** I niontllle •• ... 811 9 4.T
T 618 M Bnow "hoe In " ... 821 961
8 *fß 618 " MileeLerg M ... 824 966
848 6 A M Rellofonte " ... 831 ft M
8 .18 4 W •• Mileeltqrg M ... 8 if, 10 .1
828 4 4.8 " Cnrtln M ... 86510 14
818 *• Mount Kegl* " • 9OfI 10 I'*
8 9 411 " llowenl " ... 9 810 29
865 420 ..m M Reglerllle M ... 918 10 4*2
ft 4 lft M Beech Oeek M ... 9?210 47
614 4 3 M Mill Hell " ... 9 .14 11 00
629 400 Plemingloe M ... 9 .17 11 4
626 866 " Id*k lleren " ... ft 42 11 8
I>KNNS YL V A NIA RAILROAD.
J —(PhUadalphl. and Krla IM.ialon.) — On and
nftar Dwambar 12, 1*77 :
WKXTWARII.
ERIK. MAIL learea Philndalphla II 6A p m
" " llrri*burg...._ 4 2A a a
" Willlam.port g3A . m
" " Lock llavan.... 0 40am
** R.nora„„ 10 Wa m
" arrira. at Krla 7 Men
RIAOARA KXPRBMM l*.m Philadelphia 7Jua la
" llarrlahnrg.... In .'XI • m
" William.|>ort. 22U p m
" arrlTM at Rcnoro. 4 4<) p m
Paaaang.ra by thla train nrr.ra In Ball*-
fnnta at 4 Mpm
PAMT LINK I "ara. Philadelphia. 11 41 a m
" " llarrl.burg 383 p m
" " Wi111am.p0rt............... 730 p m
" arrira. at Lock llaran Ipipa
KAKTWARD.
PAariC KXPRKMM laaraa latrk llaran II 40 . m
- " Willlnmaport... 7M n m
" nrrlr.a at llarrl.burg II Uia
" " Philadelphia.. 848 p m
DAT EXPRKBB laara. Ranoro 10 10 a m
" " Lork llaran 11 2n a m
" " Wllllamaport 12 40 am
" arrire. ,t narrtaharg 4 In p m
•• - PhUadalphl*.... 720 p m
KRIK MAIL laaraa Raanru. I B'> p m
" " Lock llaran I 41pm
" " Wllllamaport- 11 oft p m
" arrlraa at Harrtabnrg 2 43am
" Philadelphia 700 am
PAMT LINK laaraa WllllaOHporl 12 84 a m
" arrira.at llarrlahnrg- 1 Ham
" " Phltadatphla T Bft a m
Krla Mall Weal. Niagara Kxpraaa Waat, Lork llaran
Accommodation Waat and Ibiy Kxpraaa Raat, maka
clone runaaetlona at Northumliarland with L. K. K.
R train, for Wllkaaharra and Hrnntnn.
Krt. Mall Wad. Niagara Kxpraaa Wmt. and Krla
Kxpraaa Wad. and Lock llaran Accommodation Want,
mak. eloaa eonnactlon at Wllllamaport with N.C. R.
W. tralna north.
Krla Mall Want, Niagara Kxpraaa Wad. and Dny
Kiprem Kant, maka rlnae conaartlon at Lock llaran
With B. K. Y, R R. tralna.
Krla Mall Bad and Wad ronnaet at Krla with tralna
en L. M. AMUR R„ at Corry with 0.0. AA.Y. R
R., at Kmporlum with B. N. T. A P. R. R., an I nt
Driftwood with A. Y. R. R
Parlor rata will rnn betweea Phlladalpbla and
Wllllamaport on Niagara Kxprad Waat, Krla Kxpraaa
Wad, Philadelphia Rxprm. Raat and Day Kxpraaa
Real, and Mnnday Kxpraaa Kaat. Blaaplng can on all
alght tralna. Kg. A. Batpwin,
flan'l Mnparlntandant.
/ iIRARI) HOUSE.
VJT CORN KB CRKMTNtrr AND NINTH MTKKKTB,
Mummt
Thla hanaa, prominent In a Hty famed for Ita com
fortable hotel*, la hept la arary rrrpert aqnal lo any
■rd-clam hotela in the country. Owing to tha drln
gencyof tha time., tha price of board haa baan rwfbced
in mail MUM par day. J. M KIBBIN,
1-ft-tf Managar.
New Advert Ineinont*.
HT-A-IS/^vdllElß/S
WHO WANT
GROCERIES
AMI OTHI:K
SUPPLIES
KOK
IT A R V EST I INTO
HHOUL.iI CAI.I. ON
SECHLER & Co.
HUH ANYTHING IN TIIK LINK OF
SUGARS.
COFFEES,
TEAS,
- SPICKS.
NEW CHEESE,
S. C. HAMS,
S. C. DRIED BEEF,
BREAKFAST BACON,
DRIED PEACHES,
NEW PRUNES,
HOMINY and RICE,
SYRUPS and N. O. MOLASSES,
NEW MACKEREL,
ST< )N E\V ARE, EEN S W A RE,
Ac., Ac., Ac.
ALSO ANYTHING IN TIIK LINK OF
FRESH MEATS.
W are killing stall-fed steers of from
1200 to 14001b*., and have positively the
BEST Tvl MATS
that aro offered for rale in Centre county.
SECIILER A CO.
GBOCEP.S,
Hii*h Home Block, Beliefonte, I'a.
NEW ENTERPRISE.
ALEXANDER A CO.,
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT
—AND—
SEED STORE,
HELLEFONTK, l'A.
They mean by thi* all the name imports,
that la. to •!-*! In an<t to fnrnlah t<> farm.rv at tin
too eat |.ail.U J.rke w-rHhinc In the .hi.|* „f an
a#rh ultural l)li|.l> melit that farmer. tl.e, lU'Di'linx
SEED* of all lilml.
At j.re—ril or h-re on haul ami are the antlioHred
agent, for the eale of the SYRACUSE ( III1.1.Ft)
FLOW, oiadr at *yreru<\N. Y It la the heat rhtlled
ploo two made; >l. the Kr)atone and lr..n team
made at Centre Hall No l-tter j.|... than
the.e ran la had l"V the Mine amount f toon**.
Alan thet'eatre Halt tnrnplantrr We need .a, tioih
Ing aUmt the merit, of thl. planter, a. the £u>onn In
ell( Centre r,„,|it) .iMnonalretn. them In I r the leal.
HARROWS and CI I.TIVAToBA ~( the |.,.*| |m
proved pattern..
MoWKR* REAPERS and GRAIN RINIiRRS —Of
the.e We Mil thaOahorne either a. a.)*,.!- Mower.
CoOll'lned R"a|eta and Mowi-ra. atligle Harveatera, or
aaCmnl lned R. .t.-raand Binder..
TIIK W II F.E1.1.H. N-t n, a.a mmhined nta hlne, 1.
the I-eat maehine of the hint] In the market
THE GREATEST IMI'HON KMKXT or TIIK AGE
I. the Norrt.ttiwii Glewnri and Hinder. QUI and
It. It la wonderfully perfect.
Any le.y twelve jeara ..Id, with on# horaa. w||| f.,|.
low and hind all the grain thai any Reaper with aide
delivery will rut. It not only l.lnda M glean., and
will aava tha prlre ..I the machine In one year, hy
taking up from the.futddr that which i now l.et
THE McIIKHRY GRAIN PRIM., either with N,
without hrvodta.l hoew, with or without fertlliaer and
aeed aowtng altar limrnta. It I. the beet grain drill
ht all pur l-oe. tn the market.
TIIK I.RISER TIIRKAIIF.It AMI SEPARATOR
The reputation of thi. machine |. an well eitahh.hnl
that We ran MY milling alaat It that the JW.>ptr de
not know Any P-r-n wanting one. nr In need of
repair, for theae le w HI the IF.untr, pleaae rait.
HE MINER S l-ATENT !K\ Hi. TREAD HORSE
POWER, for one and tw,. hor-e., with Patent bp.e.l
Regulator. I.title t.r.nt Threaher an>l Cleatrer
VICTOR ULOIEK IHLI.FR Kleagent. t r ten
i tre cottnly.
W AGON* CARRIAGES BI GGIES and PIT KTOSS
—We are agrnt. for the .ale of the relrl.tatrd CONK
! I.IN W AGON, the reputation ..( whirh law. w,II ..t.t.
ll.hed. alaor.l the I IIUTI.ANII PI.ATFORM SPRING
W AGONS. Carriage-. Phietona and llnggtea All are
i warranted. Call ami tee .|recimetia an.l eiamlne mla-
I logue. a* Ir.atlle. and pepe. liefora baying .I—where
Catalogues furni.hefl on application
PI,ASTER AND FERTILIZER* -Chynga pla.ler
finely ground. * GOOD a. the loal Nora Sndia. at the
100 price of 47 or jar lon. Pern nan Guano E.|d ON
order# only Pho.ph.tr-. always on band. Fperial
manure, for different cropa aold U|.N nr.lvr* at inarm
fartnrera' price*.
POWDER— We are Ihrpont't agenta. Rlaatlng.
SF-riitng and Rifle powder un baud and aubl at whole
A.le price* ; alarr faae
GRAlN.— After the growing crop la harreatal we
will la prepared to pay Ihe highest market price lor
all kind# of groin.
OOAL— Osr yard la always .Puked with Ihe IA. I
Anthrncit* Coal which we ee|| at Prwrnf price
L.LMK —We make the tree! white lime in the State
It. prnperliee for mechanical and agricultural pur
jtnaea earel all nlhera.
FAIRBANKS SCAI.ES-We are their agenta In
Centre county and will avtpply all patliea wtahlng
grrrrrl and true acalee at Ihett low eat price*
We attend an Invitation lo ererylaely In want of
anything In our line TO rail at our atore rooma, op
praite the Ru.LI llonae. and are what we have, and
learn from throe In nttenu-nra more partimlarly T|,e
•cope of our hntlnem AI.EXANDKK A CO
Rellefunte, Pa.. May R, ISO). PUFF
FOR TIIK CAMPAIGN.
THE "PATRIOT" DURING THE PRESIDE*-
TIAI. CANVASS.
TN order that every body, no matter
* how poor In pnrae, may read Ihe new# during Ihe
greet political atruggle of I**o, the Duty Parniot
(Sunday edition Included) will la eenl by mall In any
ndrlreea. poatnge free, from the preeenl lime until Ihe
fifteenth of Noremlar nekl, for £I.OO, torlaha of Ave
ar mora, (and one copy free lo the eenderof theclnh.)
t2IF per copy. W Ithont Sunday edition, Ihe Duty
ParaiOT will he eenl hy mall lo any addreaa, pnatag*
free, for earne period for tttJM; In clntia of fire or more
(with one copy free lo tender of clnh) fd.nO per ropy.
THE WEEKLY PATRIOT
from tha preaent lime unlll Ihe week after Ihe Prvwt
d'-ntial elecllrrn will ha aenl lo any addreaa. poatage
free, lor Fonrr Cast*, ta cluba of Ave or upwarrla
for Tntgrt-Ptvi Casta per copy, with one cpy free lo
tender of club. In every rate the money must acrom-
Kny the order Naw la tha time to get op rlnha
mortmtlc local nrganltallona cannot rlr. ulate rhea|-
er and more affective campaign literature than new*
Cpera fnrnlahed at theae eitraordlnarily low ralew
nil In y.rnronlere addreaaml to Parnior Pi at
Co., Htsntant no, Pa. YT.
• •
BUSH HOUSE,
RKI.LKPONTB, PA,
IS OPEN.
P. P. PRTRRS, Proprietor
PENSIONS.
4 LL disabled Soldiers and heirs of
A der eased Soldi are who died from coneeonenee*
of eervlre In lh* Army, nr* entitled lo PENRIONE.
NO ARREARS allowed after JULY I, ISM. Send
■lampa for fall fnatrurtfona In all klnda of Soldier*'
• latin*
J. H. BYPIIERD A CO., /Vrmon Atty't
frit R Street. WASHINGTON. D C
pBNTRAL HOTEL,
\~J (Oppoalte the Railroad SUtlon.)
MILRSBURG, CESTRR COUNTY, PA.
A. A. KOIILBECKER, Proprietor.
THROUGH TRAVELER* on lb* mil road will Slid
thla Ratal an excellent place In luerh, or procure a
maal.M ALL TRAINS atop abontM minute*. 47
Uhc Crntrc grnsaat.
UICLLKKONTK, PA.
NEWS, PACTS AND RUOOKBTIONB.
utsci Aitn miiarrniTr ur rur. rasing.
Kerry former in hit annual experience
dtteovert monethiny of value. Write if antl
eerd it to the " Agricultural Editor of the
DEMOCRAT, Hellefonte, Venn'a," that other
farmere may have the benefit of it. /.<•/
communications be timely, and be nurr that
they are brief and well pointed.
Epizootic.
A mild for in of the troublesome
horse disease commonly known as
the "epizootic," and which some
years ago almost brought business
to a standstill in most of our large
cities, is now prevailing in many
places throughout the country. We
have not, as yet, heard of it in our
county, but judging the future from
the past, we shall not long escape.
Dr. Creesy, a veterinary surgeon of
much ability and great experience,
says the disease is atmospheric, and
not contagious. He advises that
"any animal showing symptoms of it,
such as coughing, a slight discharge
from the nose, etc., should be work
ed only moderately, protected with
a woolen blanket when standing and
given warm bran mash rather than
meal. Very cold water should not
be allowed."
How to Qrow Soiling Crops.
F. S. Peer, of New York, soils his
cattle all the year around. He has
lately filled an old stone carriage
house with one hundred and fifty tons
of ensilaged corn fodder, which be
estimate* has cost him but fifty-four
cents |er ton. This may do for an
"estimate," but wc must doubt its
accuracy. Of Mr. Peer's soiling
pructicc the liural Home says :
For soiling cows and horses he
makes two sowings of rye in the fall,
two or three weeks apart, for first
feeding in spring. As early as pos
sible in spring, sows barley, because
it will germinate and grow earlier
than oats and endure more frost, and
continues to sow every week until the
rye isready to cut. M akes two cuttings
of rye and then ploughs and sows to
corn. Makes one cutting of barley
and lollows with a mixture of oats
ami |>eas, which he esteems highly
for soiling. Through the months
of June and July he soiled ten head
of cattle and three horses on three
arces of land. Cuts his fishier
with reaper, and one man does the
milking, soiling and all the other
chores, and gets six hours a tiny for
field lnbor. He stables cattle in
basements of barns, bed* with shav
ings so as to have straw to feed, and
has everything convenient. Water
flows from a spring into the barnyard
and into a trough under the shed,
where a float regulates the faucet,
stopping the flow when the trough
in full ami starting it again as it low
er*.
He Was Not & Farmer, sod We Will Not
Own Him.
A* to "two jofikfyt," ihe unsophisticat
ed would be urj rised to know how
many highly - considered, reputable
fsrnier* nr* engaged in thst sort of
thing. A wealthy citizen of New York
once attempted to impose upon me
lhu, with • cow recommended by him
lis A great milker. I bought of him for
• friend. The cow when sent me, I
Ascertained Afterward, had not been
milked for forty-eight hours. I wax a
little too sharp for him, ond did not
hesitate to tell him of the trick and
make him take the cow hack. He
turned red and stammered when I told
him, and laid all the blame to the
*u|>erir.tendent of his beautiful country
seat; but one of the laborers afterward
told me the cow was thus sent to me at
the city hy the owner's express order.
How shameful for a rich, or indeed any
man, to make the poor beaat suffer
thus, and endeavor to cheat a customer
in such a small, mean way. Rut this is
human nature—too often lam sorry to
say.—HANDILA, ia the Tribune.
Hold on, Mr. "Sandils." This
wont do. If the facts are as you
represent them, you have undoubted
ly been badly swindled in your pur
chase of a cow, and are justified in
being as mad about it as you please ;
but you arc not thereby warranted in
railing at farmers as a class, nor in
calling them hard names. Your
"wealthy citizen of New York" who
gave an "express order" to the
"superintendent of his beautiful
country seat," certainly did " en
deavor to cheat you in a small, mean
way," but then he was not "a highly
considered, reputable farmer." By
your own showing, he was not a
farmer at all. Farmers are not
"wealthy citizens of New York;"
nor do they keep "beautiful country
scats," under tho care of "superin
tendents." The probabilities are that
he was some "honest merchant" of
New York, who had grown rich by
just such tricks as thin in hisnicrcan
tile busincKH, and that his only claim
to be called :i farmer confuted in the
fact that he wan ajtending some of
liis surplus eaah in providing for Ida
selfish comfort a "beautiful country
aeat." W; " highly-considered, rcj>- i
utable farmers" have enough to ac
count for, and decline to IK; Tespons
ible for the dirty tricks of your New-
York sharpers.
The USC-B and Benefits of Fall Plowing.
In no way is the progress of mod
ern agriculture more clearly shown
than in the general adoption of fall
ploughing of land for next year's
crops. It used to be thought, taught
and practiced that all, or nearly all,
crops did better if the land was not
disturbed until a few days, or a few
hours, bclore seeding—great bene
fits being claimed in having a fresh,
moist bed to confide the seed to. If
all lands were new, and if fall plow
ing deep did not contemplate spring
plowing nhaUoWy doubtless the old
fashion were the better one. But
since the farmer who adopts the plan
of fall plowing iB pretty sure not to
neglect the essentials of preparing a
proper seed bed when the time comes
for seeding ; and since modern ex
perience has taught that all or nearly
all soils produce better crops if the
land is suffered >o lay for months
after plowing, these are suflicicnt
reasons for the general following of
the practice when once introduced.
But it is not, perhaps,enough to sim
ply say the thing is so and then leave
it, therefore we proceed to give some
of the many reasons which have led
to the adoption of this system of
agriculture.
On the ground of a wise economy
and the husbanding of one's resources,
it were certainly better to make all
possible preparations for, and do all
that could be done of spring work in
the autumn months, because there is
more leisure, the teams are stronger,
the tcinjiernturc is letter suited to
the work and a portion of the pres
sure is taken off the most stirring and
active time of the year, when the
main work in the preparation of the
crop land is done in the fall. Under
the olil regime, before the war, fall
and winter plowing was generally
practiced on the cotton plantations
of the South, and the results were
such that the product |H-r acre was a
good ileal above the average of the
present time. The custom on the
l>ost plantations w as. after the greater
portion of the cotton crop had been
gathered, to Lake the beat hands out
of the cotton fields, leaving the wo
men and children to finish up the job
of picking, and put the men and
teams to making and repairing fences
and plowing the land lor the next
year's corn ami cotton crop. By
Christmas, most of the work was
finished and after a month's holiday
tlic business of the new year was re
sumed. I hiring the war this custom
fell into disuse—the freedmen would
not renew it, the preparation for the
crops fell three months behind, and
the result as we have seen iL
While it is no doubt true, that
lands lying in latitudes subject to
deep freezing, profit more by fall
plowing than lands liable to no frost,
or very little, it is nevertheless true,
that on account of the character of
the season, and the crops, the farmers
of mild latitudes arc quite as much
liencfited by it as those of colder ones
—though not in the same way.
But the fertilizing and enriching
effects of fall plowing have yet to lie
stater! in part—we say in part, be
cause if we went over the whole
ground, several columns would lie
required.
Before the surface accumulation of
vegetable matter on lands intended
to be cropped can be made to benefit
that crop, they must first become
wholly or partially decayed, or de
composed. And in order to bring
about that condition, they must lie
covered under, by the plow, a auffl
cient length of time to have the pro
cess of decay do its work. When
plowing is done in the fall or winter
months these processes go on for
weeks, even in times of hard frost,
and when seed time comes the food
is ready for the young plant, and it
gets a good send off from the start.
If plowing is delayed until spring
these processes, if they go on at all,
do so at the ex|iensc of the moisture
in the soil, and to the detriment of
the growing plant; and that is prob
ably why it la we see so many failures
of all kinds of crops if the season
happens to be a dry one, and a con
siderable amount of weeds, rubbish
and surface accumulation have liecn
plowed under. But, contrary to what
haa generally been accepted as sound
doctrine, the tendency or movement
of plant food in the soil is upward,
instead of downward, except during,
and a few hours after, heavy rains;
and it therefore often happens in the
case of long cultivated and foul
lands there is very great benefit in
turning the surface deeply under—
but as the sole condition that a con
siderable Interval shall elapse be
tween the plowing and the seeding in
order for the decay of vegetable mat
ter to take place, and thereafter that
food get to the surface as needed.
Therefore, the rule for wheat and
corn both is, if to be sown on land
turned just before seeding, let the
plow run light; if to be fallow during
winter for the one and summer for
the other crop, let the plow run
deep, But perhaps what has pre
vented the early and general adop
tion of the practice of fall plowing
heretofore, has been the difficulty of
procuring plows which would do the
work in the fall while the weed
growth was still strong, the stubble
and rubbish thick and heavy, and
the sward perhaps tough. The wood
en mould board and east-iron plows
made for the thin gravelly and sandy
lands of the South, and portions of
the West, the light steel plows
adapted to prairie work, were all too
light and wholly insuflicient for the
job, except under the condition that
the weeds and stubble had been cut,
and together with the rubbish, gath
ered and burned, and the surface
marie smooth and clean. But now,
thanks to the invention of the sulky
plow, all this previous clearing up of
foul land has become unnecessary,
for such is the capacity of some of
the best, most improved and largest
of these plows that they are capable
of turning under any amount of
weed growth to be found in the
country anywhere. Of this new and
useful implement the patterns are
many and various, but each is good
in its line.
Two Instances of Successful Fanning.
From Hi#* Tribune.
Mr. Robert J. Swan, Geneva, X.
V., is a worthy Bon-in-law to the ven
erable John Johnston, that remarka
bly successful agriculturist and "fath
er of tile draining in America."
Kach rod.of his 350 acres is thorough
ly underdrained, seventy-five miles of
tile having been put down for this
purpose at a cost of about 27 cents
per lineal rod. Fifty acres of wheat
yielded this year forty bushels per
acre (five bushels less than is some
times secured,) and "a fine, dense,
uniform growth of clover was even
with the top of tire stubble." Tbe
corn usually gives eight}* shelled
bushels. "The condition of the land,"
the Cultivator says, "is gradually im
proving, through the agency of turn
ing in crops of clover and by copious
manuring."
Mr. C\ M. Hooker, of Brighton, X.
V., has paid liverymen of Rochester
$1 <I,OOO for stable manure during tbe
past twenty years for application to
iiis 130 acre farm, seventy of which
are in apples, mostly Baldwin. There
is a jx-ar orchard, the standard Bart
lett trees of which, blighting down
nearly to the trunks a few years
since, were cut oil" below the diseased
wood, and they branched out again
into fine tops. Ten acres are in
blacklerric*, twelve in red ragpberi..
ries. five in cut ranis, three in straw-
Iterries and two in gooseberries.
Small fruits also occupy some of the
space between tbe trees, the soil being
sufficiently fed to justify double crop
ping, and Mr. P. C. Reynolds says
the tarin is the most valuable be ever
visited, considering tbe annual re
turns. There is a large cvajtorator
(with capacity of 125 bushels in
twenty-four hours.) in which black
raspberries are dried when the prioe
runs too low for si lling fresh, and in
ferior apples arc utilized in the same
profitable manner.
How Roots Are Beneficial.
R; Rw. A. R. A Urn
I have read Professor Caldwell's
article on Mangolds for Growth and
Milk with much interest and should
judge from the different effect of
ihciu on different animals, it was
owing to a better or worse digestion.
It is unquestionably necessary that
when fed, two to four, or even more
pounds of linseed or cotton-seed
meal should be added to the man
golds, according to the size and age
of the animals. Sugar beets, bow
ever, would be much more nutritious,
and they are as easily grown. Rat
the preference is given to mangolds
by many because a greater weight
per acre can be grown from them.and
they keep longer and maintain their
quality better through the spring,
and even into tbe summer months,
at least in the cool, moist climate of
Great Britain, if not in tbe drier and
hotter one of America. It fe said
that by eating roots, the dry bay or
straw which is taken into the stomach
by neat cattle is softened and changed
there by them into the same state as
grass would be, and is consequently
made more digestible and nourishing
than if roots were not eaten at about
tbe same time.
Keep Sheep.
Mutton is very healthful meat food.
It is the cheapest meat for the farmer.
Its cost is comparatively small, as
tbe fleece from a good breed will pay
for its keeping. Then there is an ad
ditional profit in the lambs. Whca
the animal is killed st home there is
the pelt, as well as tbe rich droppings,
which will make an excellent man
ure. The pastures will also be well
cleared of weeds. With the excep
tion of poultry, mutton is also the
most convenient meat for the farmer.
A sheep is easily killed and dressed
by a single band in an hour and in
the warmest weather it can be dis
posed of before it spoils. Science
and experience both declare it to be
the healthiest kind of meat and A
foolish prejudice alone leads to *
preference lor pork.
. £