TIIE RED RIVER VALLEY.
Description of a famous Wltent Country.
I>'n miss from your mind all the asso
ciations that are called up by this word.
Understand that in the West a valley is
not necessarily "a hollow between lulls
or mountains." That is a narrow East
ern conception. As we looked out from
the car window for the first time upon
this famous Valley, we saw a broad level
plain covered witli short grass, ami
flooded by the rising sun with red and
golden light. Doubtless there were hil.s
somewhere in the world, hut they were
invisible. Far away on the left a dim
blue line of timber marked t he course of
the Red river, and another line far in
front of us indl -ated the approach of a
tributary stream. This was all that
tssike the lake-like expanse. We real
ised at once what we had heard before,
that it was, in fact, a lake without any
water in it.
A few words will explain the charac
ter and probable formation of the Red
River valley. It is about three hundred
miles long and fifty miles wide—a flat
prairie, extending northward from I.ako
Traverse, in Minnesota, until it passes
by a genUe slopo beneath, the water of
Lake Winnipeg. About thirty miles
nortli of the southern and higher ex
tremity of the valley the lied river comes
meandering in from tho east. It is a
sluggish stream, flowing in a ditch ill
the middle of the prairie, and is alto
gether inadequate in size and force to
have made the valley which hears its
name. When we seek an explanation
ol this vast alluvial plain, we must find
a much larger body of water to account
for its formation, and this is done try
the theory which connects it with the
great Mississippi system. There arc
many indications that 1 lie whole drain
age of this region was at one time south
ward. Th(yvalley of the Mis-issippi,
with its true line of continuation along
the Minnesota, must havo formerly con
tained a vasHy larger body of water than
now flows through it. This valley, be
ginning at Rig Stone lake, is separated
only by a slight barrier from Lake Tra
verse. Now imagine that a few thou
sand years ago the level of theeontinent
was a little different from what it is
now, a few hundred feet higher at the
and Lower at tho south, then this
barrier would l>e overcome, and all the
waters of the Winnipeg basin would flow
southward through the Red river and
Minnesota valley into the Mississippi
The present northward outlet through
the Nelson river would be stopped.
Til ere would be a mighty stream drain •
ing he whole central region of the con
tinent into the Gulf of Mexico. Now
imagine, again, that the continent is
gradu illy depressed at the north, and
eley ited at the south—a change which
We know from observation is
continuing along the sea coast;
the result of such an oscillation
will be to diminish the slope and veloc
ity of the great southward river. It
will have less and less power to cut its
way through obstacles. It will be !
dammed by the granite ledges near Big
Stone lake. It will spread out into a
vast lake larger than Superior and
Michigan put together. The waters of
this lake will be shallow and muddy,
and thedepositsofalluvium very rapid.
As the northward depression continues,
the outlet toward the soutli will he- ;
come more and more feeble, it will
degenerate into a mere driblet. And at
last the great body of water will cut a \
new channel northward into Hudson
bay.
This is but a rough and hasty outline
ol the theory which lias been advanced
by General G. K. Warren, of the United
States Engineer corps, and sun
ported by him in a series of admirable
reports. It may seem dry, but it offers
an explanation of two very important
facts—the immense fertility of the an
cient lake bed. which is now called the
Red River valley, and the impossibility
of a route from Manitoba, through the
Ne.son river and Hudson bay, to Eng
land. These facts iiavea direct bearing
on the commercial welfare of the United
States, for they put the transportation
of the products of the rich Northwest
into the hands of our railways and
steam boats.
More than two-thirds of the Red River
valley lies in Minnesota and Dakota;
the remaining third is in the British
Erovince of Manitoba. Two railroads
ave been opened into the vail'y within
the pnstsix vears—the St. Paul, Minne
apolis and Manitoba, which now runs
parallel with the river to St. Vincent, on
the British border, where it connects
with the Pembina branch of the Cana
dian Pacific to Winnipeg, and the
Northern Pacific, whicti crosses the val
ley at right angles, and opens up the
wonderfully fertile land lying on the
west side of the river, in Dakota. Into
this territory a great flood of emigration
is now pouring. The rapid influx began
in 1877. In the last quarter ol that year
the government land ofHces disposed of
more than 400, C00 acres in Minne
sota, and during the same period
the railways sold over 500,000
acres. In ail. over a million acres
were taken up by settlers in those three
months, mostly in the Red River val
ley. Since 1878 the Northern Pacific
railway has sold 800,000 acres of Red
river lands. In the land districts tra
versed by thi < road the government has
assigned 1,383.410 acres in the year end
ing June 30, 1879. Together with the
lands sold by the railway during the
same time, this makes the astounding
total of 4,600,000 acres disposed of in
two years. Embracing the same terri
tory, present statistics show the follow
ing: Present population, 09,700; in
erense in past year, 19,900. Arm in
wheat, 1879, 881,430; inceasp, 96,000.
Area in other crops, 79 470; increase,
80.660. Total area in cultivation, 300,-
900; increase,'ll6.66o. New breaking,
187(1, 133,600. — Henry J. Van Hykt, Jr.,
%n Harper's Magazine.
In Spain, air.an of wide sympathies
is generally called "a matt with two
hearts.'" But it by no means follow* tiiat
a man with two hearts is a man of wide
sympathies. A Spanish peasant, living
in the vicinity of Madrid, in a petty
quarrel, killed an aged woman, uud
would have murdered her daughter,
also, had not the latter sucoeedc i in
making her escape. Thinking huuaeh'
robbed of a great pleasure by the girl's
escape, he revenged himself by trpcat
edly stabbing the corpse of the mother.
Singularly enough, remorse preyed so
quickly upon his mind that he immedi
ately hanged Himself. But the rope
broke, and be wnuld, in all probability,
have survived his attempt at suicide
had he had not broken his skull in wie
fall. On a poet mortem examination
the man was found to have two hearta
Instead of one. both being of regular
sine and presenting no peculiarity oTany
i irwl.
Women Voting.
Miss Louise M. A'.cott, in a loiter to
the Woman's Journal about the Con
cord, Mass., election, at which womn
votcd for the first time for school com
mittee, thus describes the scene and rer
ports her impressions: The moderator
(who is also the registrar, and has most
kindly and faithfully done his duty to
the women, in spite of his own differ
ence of opinion) then announced that
the ladies would prepare their votes and
deposit them before the men did. No
one objected, we were ready, and filed
out in good order, dropping our votes
and passing back to our seats
ns quickly and quietly as possi
ble, while the assembled gentle
man watched us in solemn silence.
•No bolt fell on our audacious heads, no
earthquake shook the town, but a
pleasing surprise created a general out
break of laughter and applause, for
scarcely were wo seated when .fudge
Iloar rose and proposed that the polls
be closed. The motion was carried be
fore the laugh subsided, and the polls
were closed without a man's voting—a
perfectly fair proceeding, we thought,
since we were nllowed no voice on any
other question. The business of the
meeting went on, and the women re
mained to hear the discussion of
ways and means, and see the oflicers
elected with neatness and dispatch by
the few who appeared to ran the town
pretty much as they pleased. At five
o'clock the housewives retired to get ten
for the exhausted gentlemen, some of
whom certainly looked naif they would
need refreshments of some sort after
their labors. I was curious to observe,
as the women went out, how the faces
which had regarded them with disap
proval, derision, or doubt when they
went in, now smiled affably, while
several men hoped the ladies would
come again, asked how they liked it and
assured them that there had not been so
orderly a meeting for years. One of
the pleasant sights to my eyes
was a flock of schoolboys watching
with great int rest their mothers,
aunts and sisters, who were allowing
them Ikw to vote when their own eman
cipation day came. Another was the
spectacle of women sitting beside their
husbands, who greatly enjoyed the
affair, though many of them differed in
opinion and had their doubts about the
suffrage question. Among the new
voters were the descendants of Major
Buttrick, of Concord tight renown, two
of Hancock and Quiney, and others
whose grandfathers or great-grand
fathers had been among tlio first settlers
of the town. A goodly array of digni
fied and earnest women, though some of
the '•first families" of the historictowns
w< rc conspicuous by their absence.
Eugenie's Crown.
A recent London letter says: The ex-
Empress Eugenie before starting lor Zu
; luland presented her imperial crown to
I the Church ol Notre Damedes Victoires,
Paris. It is of great value on account
i of its artistic composition and the nuiu
| ber of precious stones it contains. After
the empress' flight from France the new
government ordered that all the valu
; ables of the imperial family, including
the crown, the regalia and the sword of
I state, should be deposited with the
Bank of France. But a rumor sooe
, got abroad that the empress' crown,
! together with the celebrated re
gent diamond, had been secretly
| forwarded to London to the care of the
I Rothschilds. A little later the gossips
• affirmed that it had been sold ny I)r
i F.vans, the American dentist, and that
; the proceeds had been applied to the
support of the empress at Chisell orst.
The true account of her High* and of the
valuables she took with her. has re
cently been published. It appears that
| when Prince Metternloh appeared at
the Tuileries and bade the empress
hasten her departure she went hurriedly
j into her bedroom, put on a brown
waterproof cloak, a round traveling
) hat, took a green parasol, began to col
; lect in great liaste ali the miniatures of
| the emperor, of her son, of her sister,
i the Duchesse d'Aldo, and of her niece,
and put them into n lapis lazuli Imx,
; which, however, in the haste of her
! flight 'she was destined to leave be
, hind. "Make hnste, madam, I hear
cries; they are mounting the stairs;
they are coming!" cried M. Nigra.
Prince Metternicn went boldly into the
bedroom and took the empress by the
arm. Every one had, more or less, lost
l their presence of mind. The empress
left without taking any money with her,
although there was about 40.000 francs in
the drawers, and Marshal Vaillant, who
| had had a thought of this, and bringing
I some rouleaux of gold with him, find,
! with the greatest difficulty, succeeded in
entering the palace by the gate in the
} Uuedc Rivoli, arrived too late to give
them to the empress. She was driven
to the hotel of Dr. Evans, who supplied
ber with money. She was then put into
the hands of Sir John Burgo nc. who
conveyed her neioss the channel, and
when she set foot on British shores she
was almost penniless. In the subse
quant arrangement of her affairs, after
the commune, many of her valuables,
and among them the crown, were re
stored to her.
Xothlug Wasted.
There is a beef-paeking company at
Rookport. Arkansas county, Texas,
owned and run by Boston men, who
market the products in the New Eng
land States, Europe and the English
navy. The factory kills "an average of
31.50" grass-fed breves a year, and finds
a rea<ly market for them. Every part
of the beef is utilized, even to the tnlt of
tails, which arc all preserved and sold,
it is thought, tor the purpose of making
ladies' frizzes. The blood flows into
tanks, and is dressed, and sold at two
cmts a pound, for the manufacture of
aitilieial fertilizers. The lean beef is
boiled and canned in two pound cans.
The hides are salted ar.d sold green
The fatty matter is all extracted, and
goes to make tallow. The bones are ali
boiled to a pulp to extract the fatty mat
ter which goes to a tallow, and the dry
bone, mainly phosphate of lime. Is soid
for fertilising at one cent a pound. The
water in which the meat is boiled, is
boiled down and evaporated to a thick
paste, which is cannon and sold as "c*
tract of beef," in fifty pound cans. The
feet are cut off at the knee, and from the
hoof " neat's-foot" oil is extracted.
The horny psrt of the foot, the shin
bone and the knuckle lionen of the foot,
are extracted and sold in the East for
the manufacture of Yankee ivory. The
horns are piled up until the peth be
comes loose, and then this is added to
the fertilizers, and the bones sold for
manufacture. Every atom of the ani
mal U used.
FARM, GARDEN AND HOUSEHOLD.
Plant Hood Potatoes.
Those who are about to plant potatoes
will do well to read the following ad
vice from th c Kansas Farmer. Good
seed is most likely to secure a good crop:
W hatcver variety of pot atoes arc planted
select the best tubers for seed. Plant
large, well-formed, smooth potatoes, as
it is evidence of a large well-formed
variety, evidence of soundness and
health, evidence of perfection; and in
order to produce the best of anything
the surest way is to select the best to
grow from. Small potatoes usM for
seed may, and do often, produce large,
fine tubers, but they may be a small
varietv—some of them at least are liable
to be. If they do not belong to a small
tuber family then the weight of evidence
is in favor of their being imperfect and
unripe, consequently weak and un
healthy. Such stock, either of animals
or vegetables, is not fit to propagate
from. Nature stores in the perfect
seed what is required to promote and
perpetuate the vigorous and hardy
plnnt. Hy carefully selecting the best
of everything to plant, the finest
grain, fruit, roots and other vege
tables can bo produced with reason
able certainty; but if this Rmdamental
law is neglected the chances are in favor
of a large per cent, of inferior produce.
The same natural law governs in the
vegetable t lint is acknowledged to bo so
potent in the animal kingdon. Like pro
duces like, and faults and imperfections
seem to bo more readily transmitted
than the more desirable qualities. Very
much better crops could be raised if
farmers gave this subject more study,
and acted upon the well-established
principles of production. Many years
ago, and in a period of our agricultural
history when new varieties of any form
were extremely rare, an observant
farmer of Pennsylvania, noting on the
principle that perfect grain could only
qe insured by using perfect seed, origin
ated a superior variety of wheat, winch
he named " barrel wheat." This he did
hy holding the sheaves of wheat in his
hands by the butts and beating the tops
over a barrel. The large, plump, perfect
f rains would fly out and none others.
'bis wheat was used as seed, and the
same practice to procure seed being fol
lowed a few years, produced what
seemed to be a new variety of wheat,
but which was only the result of a prac
tical application of the natural law' of
selecting the fittest. This wiecdote is a
practical illustration of using none but
the very best for seed. Unripe, small
potatoes are not fit for seed; neither are
overgrown, EollowdMiirtN tubers. The
former are weak and imperfect; tiie
latter, like all abnormal monsters, un
healthy.
■(•CiPM.
COOKIES.—Two cups or sugar, one
half cup of butter, one cup of sw<et
milk, teaspoonful ol baking powder,
caraway seed if liked, and flour enouglt
to roll out.
COHN MEAN PI DlHNC,.—Quart of rorn
meal, scalded to a mush, cup of suet
chopped fine, cUp of raisins accord, and
a small teaspoonful oi salt. Roil three
hours in buttered steamer. Eat with
syrup or sauce.
A fanner recently jumped into a well
because his wife ran him into debt.
He found, however, that he couldn't
keep his head above water any better
after he got there. — Boston Transcript.
SPANISH CYSTAKD.—It your family ;
numbers six, take eight yolks of eggs, '
eiglit teasnoonfuls of sugar, beaten very '
light, adding flavor if you like; put over i
a slow fire, stirring all the time until
quite thick; then have smnll saucers,
cither of glass or china, and pour some
on each saucer; to he served in this i
way cold; powdered almonds arc very
delicious on it.
TEA CAKES. —ITo each pound of I
flour allow a dessert -spoonful of I
yeast powder, one egg, hal. a
pint of milk, two spoonftus of melted
nutter, two spoonfuls of sugar. Kuh
the dry ingredients together, then
quickly mix in the milk with the but
ter, then the beaten egg; cut into bis- !
cuit form, and hake quickly in buttered
pans.
CmrKF.N Saijid.—Remove ihe skin
gristle and fat, and chop the moat quite
nne; ild two-thirds in quantity ol
chopped oclery. one-fourth ns much
chopped cucumber, pickles and celery;
rub the yolks of two hard boiled eggs
and one tablespoon butter together;
moisten with a little milk, mix well,
add salt to taste, and garnish with celery
leaves.
Pto's Fekt.—lf you have more than
you wnnt to use now, boil them until
the bones drop out, then mince them
coarsely and hail in a little of the same
water, season well, pour into a crook,
press down closely, and when cold cover
with vincgnrand it will kern until warm
weather. It will be Ann. like jelly, and
can be cut into slices. This is very good
for laboring men or those who work out
of doors. There is no oil or grease for
hoots or shoes that can compare witli
the grease, when cold, skimmed off the
kettle in which pigs lect have lieen
boiled. It is very softening, and there
will be just enough of the gluey sub
stance in it to make a goe>d mixture and
give a good "shine.' 1
Shut i Plow.
An experienced farmer says: I know
by trial that plowing land when it Is
very dry is nearly ns hurtful as when it
is very wet. But my experience ts with
heavy clay, or land in which clay is an
imrorUintconstituent. Such land when
plowed dry breaks up lumpy, nnt' sub
sequent rains do not absolve the lumps.
It is my opinion that there is nc\er a
more suitable condition for plowing any
soil than whpn it lias enough moisture
to cause the furrows to fall loosely from
the plow with no appearance of packing
and no lumps.
At the Dark Hollos* stone auarry,
near Bedford. 0., one of the largest
stones ever blasted in America wan
"lifted" a short time ago. The stone
is forty or fifty feet square and abnnt
thirty feet thick, and it required IRS
slip wedges to make a successful blast.
W lien cut up .into pieces it will make
nearly 300 ear loads of building stone.
Immense blocks of stone are frrquenth
taken out of the quarries bore which
would make the stones in Solomon's
temple mere pebbles in comparison.
Its weight was estimated to be 0,0(0,000
pounds.
" Adolphu#You ask us what the
difference is lwtween a child of royal
birth and a young lamb. Kcally, now,
we couldn't say, unless it Is because one
is tended in splendor, and the other is
splendid bi 'tender. Is that it, Dolrhyp
-—Boston Journal of Commerce.
Discussion of Dress Reform.
"There is a crying demand for dress
reform anions civilised nations," re
marked the sad passenger, pensively
contemplating the fruitless expense of
vigor o the part of the lat passenger,
who wa balancing himself in the aisle
of the c r, and making desperate efforts
to reach up far enough under his vest
to catch the vagrant end of a discon
nected suspender. " Providence, it is
very plain, the sad passenger went on,
"never intended man to dress in the
present style, or else it would have given
him an arm in the middle of his hack,
witli an elbow that would work in three
directions, with which to fish after his
suspenders. If the tailors are right,
nature is wrong, and didn't finish the
man to suit his clothes. Reform is
necessary."
"Yes, said the tall, thin passenger
"it is, and the fault is within ourselves
Trousers, in their present style, are bar
barous. Nature never intended that
man should wear a garment that would
bag itselt out of all shape at the knees
before it had been worn a month. lam
in favor of the classic drapery and the
graceful toga of the olden times. What's
the matter," he digressed in the direc
tion of the fat passenger, " button
fetch loose?"
A stifled giunt, with just an inflection
of (wrath in it. was all that came from
the struggling figure in the aisle.
" But a toga, or the long, graceful
drapery of the Greeks," said tue cross
passenger, " would be mighty unhandy
if you was on the wrong side of the or
chard fence and a dog w:w after you.
You'll have to takeoff your coat,' he
called to the fat passenger.
Something like a smothered groan
was beard, and the sad passenger said :
" The tights of the Italian courtiers
would he an improvement on the toga.
They wouldn't bag at the knees, and
tlioy are graceful—"
" Especially on a n an with crooked
legs," said the man on the wood-box;
"bow-legged man get into them, and
people would think it was a pair of
parentheses witli clothes on. ou can
reach further with the other arm," he
shouted.
A muffled roar broke from the strug
gling figure, and the man with the sam
ple cases said:
"These stiff hats are nuisances, too.
The great demand of the hour is a hat
that a man can go to and still
have it look dressy when lie wak<-s.
You'il never catch it if you don't unbut
on your vest," he added.
The fat passenger made a frenzied
reach and gave a spiteful grunt, and the
earnest expression on his face seemed to
indicate that he had eaugiit something.
"Yes," said the man on the wooa
box, "and a shirt without buttons
would be a mighty convenient tiling.
You'il fali down in a fit ifyou hold your
breath much longer," he said, intones
of alarm.
I "You'll Had one in my valise," said
; the old married man. " I prefer 'em
with the buttons on, myself. Have you
! got it?"
I For the fat passenger certainly bad
! mcthing. Whatever It was, he held
t with the grip of sin and tugged at it
with furious gasps. His face was pur
ple, hi* moutli was open, his eyes were
starting fiom their sockets. We were
uneasy ahout him. Suddenly something
gave way underneath his rliin; there
was a ripping sound, a deep gasp of re
lief, a flash of color, and the fat pass* n
f;er. flushed, panting, triumphant, stood
lolding his blue neck-tie in bis hands.
" There's your suspender if that is
what you've been renching for," said
the passenger with a sandy goatee.
" down on the flfMir."
There was a sound as of silence in the
ear, hut it didn't last long, and by the
time it died away all Uic passengers
were in the smoking car.— liurlingion
Hawkey t.
One Can't Excel la Everything.
Ideals ol excellence, if no. excel
lences themselves, are so graduated as
to lit the difler.mt orders of mind in
wiiieii they take their rise. Greatness
is not positive quality; it is simply a
relative attribute.
The man who never succeeded in en
snaring a single " speckled beauty" from
some "tortuous stream" may truthfully
boast of his eminent success in catch
ing sculping.
The man who cannot sing ma# yet
have a voice peculiarly adapted to cry
ing clams, oranges or charcoal.
He who is no dancer may be good at
liich-and-kick or shinny.
The ror.a who was not born to com
mand, t< se la squadron in the field, may
surpass ail his acquaintam es in th* untir
ing devotion he evinces in the coloring
of liia meerschaum.
The boy who is over at the foot of his
class may still be an expert on the forma
tion and propulsion of spithalls.
The lad who is not a pronounced suc
cess® arithmetic may oc simply excel
lent at numble peg and taw.
The woman who cannot make a loa
of bread may exee] in making frills and
iurbelows.
She who cannot play tiie simplest air
on the washboard may execute the most
difficult themes upon the pianoforte.
Site who cannot darn a stocking may
be the envy of her circle for lier skill
and taste in worsted work, in marrying
skv-blue dogs to pink background.
Tiie mother who cannot command ttie
respect of her children may yet be
fawned upon by half a score of male bi
peds without a spot ok their dainty linen
or an idea in their heads.
The daughter who is too feeble to
wash the dishes may dance till the small
hours of the night after having been
shopping all day.
The girl who cannot sew may chew
gum with tireless jaw.
A great singer may not IMI able to
smoke the mildest cigars without turn
ing pale.
A general who has led armies on to
victory may be surpassed in profanity
by tiie raggedest boy in the city.
The hand that ha* penned the divin
est poetry may beclownishly awkward
with the billiard cue.
The man who is capable of organiz
ing and carrying forward gigantic busi
ness enterprises may be outoone at cau
cus management by the shabbiest poli
tician in his ward.
The artist who gWes- birth to such
exquisite creations may n<£ be able to
tie hi*neck-cloth near so well as Au
gustus, who in his turn can do nothing
else.— Boston Transcript.
The every-day earns nnd duties which
men Vail drudgery are the weights and
counterpoises of the clock of time, giv
ing it# pendulum a true vibration, and
its bauds a regular motion, and when
they cease to hang upon the wheels the
pendulum no longer swings, tin hands
no longer move, the clock stands still.
OLEOMARGARINE.
How Artificial nutter la Marie and How
It May Ite Detected.
The manufacture of artificial butter
or oleomargarine, it is stated, was com
menced in Paris during the siege hy the
German army, when many of the neces
sary supplies of life were cut off from
the inhabitants. It is related that M.
Mege Mouriez, a chemist, was commis
sioned by the French government to
make some researches, witli a view to
obtain a product to take the place of
butter, to lie supplied at a much lower
price, and capable of being kept without
becoming rancid.
M. Mege Mouriez placed several
milch cows on a severe diet, which
quickly reduced them in weight, and
caused them to give a reduced quantity
of milk, hut the milk always produced
butter, leaving still the query "Where
did it come from ?" lie believed it was
produced from the fat of the animal,
which,being carried into the circulation,
was deprived of its stearine by respira
! Tory combustion, and furnished its oleo-
I margarine to the cow's udd'r, where,
I under the influence of the mammary
j pepsin, it was changed into butyric
oleomargarine or butter. Guided by
' tills observation, lie was not long in
I obtaining, by an ingenious process,
I from beef suet, fat fusible at nearly the
I same temperature as butter, and of
1 agreeable taste. He then transformed
I this same fat into butter by a process
similar to that of nature. This process
| was by grinding up the fat of the best
I quality of newly-slaughtered beeves be
tween two cylinders.whieli falling into a
I deep vat heated by steam, and contain
j ing for every 1,000 kilcgiammes of fat
j 200 kilogrammes of water and one kilo
| gramme of potassic carbonate, besides
j t vo sheep's or plgti stomachs in pieces.
The temperature was raised to forty-five
| degrees, and the mass carefully stirred,
i At the end of two hours the fat all
raised to the surface, when it was let off
into another vat, heated on a water
bath to thirty degree*, and two per cent,
j of sea salt added. In two hours it became
clear, and presented a yellow color, and
the odor of freshly churned butter.
I Tbit becoming cooler, was out into
cakes, packed in linen, and placed under
an hydraulic press, and then separated
Into two nearly equal parts, viz.,
stearine and liquid oleomargarine. The
stearine lie manufactured into candles.
' After coaling, the oleomargarine was
passed through cylinders unaer a shower
ot water to vuh it and give itoonslst
-1 ence. The oleomargarine was then made
into cheap butter in the following man
ner: To fifty kilogrammes of melu<l oleo
margarine, in a churn, he added about
, twenty-five litres (twenty six quart-) of
cows' milk, and twenty-five kiio
| grammes of water containing ten solu
ble parts of 100 grains of the mammary
gland of tiie cow. The churn was put
in motion, and in flfoMß minutes the
grease and water became transformed
into a thick cream, which, in turn, was
changed into butter. The churning be
ing over, the butter was separated,
and the buttermilk removed, when
fresh water was poured in. This pro
duet was then placed under a stream of
water, where it was worked In away to
| change it into artificial butter. When
I carefully made it contains traces of
membrane, and may also show crystals
of the stearates. It is colored with an
natto from saffron, which is sometimes
adulterated with sulphate of copper.
The secret of manufacturing it was in
troduoed into this country in 1*72 or
■ 1*73 by a French chetnist.nnnied Par&ff,
who formed a company in New York
ano made a profitable business of It.
There are several ways of detecting
oleomargarine. One is by the micro
scope. The difference between it and
pure butter is shown at once under this
glass. Pure butter shows a mass of
globules similar in size and appearance,
witli intermediate layers of salt and
water. Oleomargarine shows a mass of
what appears to lc fin-shaped and
fibrous crystallizations entirely different
in character and appearance from butter
Professor I>e Smedt tests it as follows:
A pie<T of oleomargarine—tiie size of a
walnut —is placed In a wine glass, and
other poured on sufficient to cover and
dissolve it, which is hastened by stir
ring witli a teaspoon. The whole be
comes soluble, but the salt is immedi
ately precipitated,when the liquid mass
is jtoured off into a saucer, or what is
better, sniail glass plate or saucer.
The work of evaporization begins at
onee. and continues until every trace of
the ether is gone, leaving tiie stearine
or tallowy substance openly exposed,
with its offensive odor and appeararee.
The character or appearance of good
butter is not changed by a similar test,
the fatty substance left after the evap
vrization of the ether retaining the odor
of pure butter, totally unlike that of the
stearine from oleomargarine. This
test Professor I>e Smedt thinks better
and everv way more satisfactory than
by the microscope. As a general tiling,
however, any person used to marketing
can satisfy themselves, from the greasy
smell of the artificial butter, of itschar
acter. It is not. as a general thing, so
dense as pure butter, and usually has a
whitish appearance on the outside.
i le online**.
The part which the skin plays in the
regulation of bodily beat is not ade
quately estimated. The envelope of
complicated structure and vital func
tion which covers the body, and which
nature lias destined to perform a large
share of the la'avrof health preserving,
is practically thrown out of use by our
habit of loading it with clothes. It is
needless to complicate matters by al
lowing it to be choked and encum
bered witli dirt. If tli • akin of M ani
mal I>o coated witli an impervious var
nlsli, deatli must ensue. A covering of
dirt is only less inimical to life. We
are not now speaking of dirt such as
offends the sense of decency, of those
accumulations of exuded matter with
which the skin must liecome loaded
if it is habilunlly covered and not thor
oughly cleansed. The cold bath is not
a cleansing agent. A man may bathe
daily and use his bath towel eveif
roughly, but remain as dirty to all prac
tical intents as though lie eschewed
cleanliness; indeed, the physical evil ol
dirt is more likely to ensue, because if
wholly neglected, the skin would cast
off its excrementitious matter by peri
odic perspirations with desquamation
of the cuticle. Nothing but a frequent
wnsliing in water, of at least equal tem
perature with the skin, and soap can
ensure a free and healthy surface. Tin
feet require especial care, and it is too
much the practice to neglect them.
The omission of dally washings with
soap and the wearing of foot coverings
so tight as to compress the blood vessels
and retard the circulation of the blood
through the extremities, are the most
common causes of cold fed. The
remedy is obvious; dress loosely and
wash frequently.— leanest
Making a King Hing.
An Englishman arrived at Paris , m
days before the revolution of Ju7 v lHvf
He very eagerly .ought to in ji?'
interior court of the Palais Itoya wl, i
the prince. Ix>ui Philippe of OrW
was receiving deputations that&
nm from all parts ol the count?!, Ui
lager, with the mayor and drnl V|J *
'r 1 ' b, - v " '™,r,3
with addresses an d often exi i. a
" f U< " r-"" 1 of 1!;;
riic Englishman, on arriving Hxk,H
ance' U,H U<l mad(! >'' appear
"Certainly," they answered him
i. just retired." '
Jd Ahl .. l am Very "° rrjr { " "'at," he
him." am C ° m "- Uj P,iri " u > *!
"Never mind." .aid one near him - -1
will show him to you." Ho he !
out: "Vive Louis Philippe!
Chart*. and the multitude cried out
the same. 1 out
A window opened over a balconv 11,.
prince apDeared. humbly saluted tu
crowd, and retired. 1
"Ah! lam very glad indeed,"said th ( .
Englishman; " but I have heard ro r „ -
say that one might see him with the
tr 1 colored flag, ami surrounds hv I
family. J ,iIH
"That is very eay, M said tj l# . ol | Jf , r .
forth e " ,nc *° me WJUN ttn,i ~r wi ' j
"Indeed! Here are some, with cr.
pleasure," .aid the Englishman bwi*.
a franc to hi. neighbor. *
Immediately a voice raised the I™.
let, which a thousand voices hum,)'
atejy repeated:
Soldier, with the tricolor fW,
Who Irom Orleans beai*t M ,
And the ooUDlet did not cease to be
b'-ard before the prince, surrounded t )V
In. family and holding the three.,,/,
ored flag, came forth to g a up tu
crowd.
There was silence for a short time
Then the complaisant neighbor, tune
ing toward the ear of the EngiishmS
said: Now shall I make him sin"' x'.
it is rather a difficult matter, you wi
have to give me ten lrancs."
"I will do so willingly," said the
Englishman, assured by tie success of
the former en & agem en ta.
Then the man. with his ten franc*
exerted himself and sh >uted with otlcri
around him so eayf-rly and v
•Viveleroit Vive la Chart*! iaMaJ."
se liaise!" that at the end of twenty
minutea Louis Philippe pre,ented him
self again before a large crowd exulting
with impatience and joy.
The Marseillaise wax lustily raised by
the crowd. The new king was about to
retire from the balcony, Hut stopped in
the midst of the applause, and sangwitb
the people, marking time with bis feet
The story relates that the king-e xhibb
tor. addressing the Englishman, said to
him: "Now if you give me one hundred
francs he shall dance." Put the otle-r
thinking that the show had gon" tar
enough, went away.
Some may think this anecdote comes
from a suspicious source. It is taken
word for word from the contemporary
history of C. A. lisubin, a work in
among students of philosophy. It ap
peared to the learned professor to be so
characteristic that he thought it worth
relating, although at first sight it ap
peared to him unworthy of the gravity of
history.— I A inure Hour.
Taring for Snakes.
A reporter of the Philadelphia Pra l
has been learning on what the snake
man at the Zoological gardens, in that
city, feeds his pets. This is what he
learned on entering the professor's pri
vate office: Two cages stood on the
side of the room, one on top ol the otb<r,
immediately facing the door. One e re
held white and spotted rabbits, and the
other cage contained guinea pigs. There
were twenty or thirty altogether. This
was the food the snakc-kceper was fat
tening for his serpent*—the boa-con
strictors and other hmMakes of
expanding jaws, which can swallow
down the largest-siaed rabbits without
the slightest difficulty. The rabbits
were s en sporting about the cage, ail
uncotiseious of the fate in store for
them, a fate all the harder from the
fact that the luxurious serpents must
have them to swallow alive or not at
all. as they will not eat dead food. The
guinea pigs are sacrificed the sanx way.
This form ol serpent diet the snake
keeper does not go down into New
Jersey for. The nuibits and guinea pigs
are kept in the gardens, where they
breed very fast, and more tban keep
up the supply lor the large serpents.
The garter-snakes and water-snakes, and
worms and frogs, which he brings in his
satchel and tin can, are fed to the ratt e
snakes and the king-snakes, and serpents
of that sort. The way the snake keeper
gathers up his food for these reptiles i*
amply in keeping with his giant charac
teristics, and we.l calculated to inspire
terror to the weak and timorous. He
re's out in a field or woods down about
Woodbury, N. J., where garter-snakes
abound, and as fast a he sees them he
gathers them up with his hands and
throws them into his tin can or satchel.
The water-snakes he gets along the
brooks and swamps. " Every man to
his calling," says the adage. The snake
keeper, on the authority of those who
know something of his habits and pecu
liarities, tins his heart in his work, and
by all accounts would not exchange
with anybody.
A Story of llrlck Tomeroy.
There is a rumor in circulation to the
effect tli.it Brick Pomcrov has made a
lucky hit and secured about SIOO,OOO.
and those who tell the storv claim they
got it from good authority. The story
is very 1 omantic. Last summer, readers
of his IhmocriU will remember, there
was published in that paper an article .
from the pen of Pomeroy, reciting
the terrible sufferings of ah Animosa
(Col.) man, who, though wealthy, had
been turned out of doors by his family,
to whom he had deeded his prop
erty on condition that they would sup
port him in his. old age. According
to the article the ungrateful fam
ily, by false swearing, caused the old
man to be incarcerated in an asylum for
the insane, and then proceeded to enfOT
themselves unott his savings. This is
where PomeroyHi tale ends, and where
Dame Rumor takes it up. Itis said that
on his recent visit to Colorado Pomeroy
gave attention to the case and succeeds,
not only in getting the poor old roan out
of the asylum but in putting him again
in possession of his property. Hij t"' n
said that in his gratitude the old man
has deeded his property over to Pome
roy upon the same conditions as it was
first given to bis family. It is a fact
that Pomeroy has a remarkable faculty
of satisfying ignorant oeople of b'
greatness ana it is not improbable that
this yarn may be true.—£• Orote Rep ub ~
lions.