TIIE RED RIVER VALLEY. Description of a famous Wltent Country. I>'n miss from your mind all the asso ciations that are called up by this word. Understand that in the West a valley is not necessarily "a hollow between lulls or mountains." That is a narrow East ern conception. As we looked out from the car window for the first time upon this famous Valley, we saw a broad level plain covered witli short grass, ami flooded by the rising sun with red and golden light. Doubtless there were hil.s somewhere in the world, hut they were invisible. Far away on the left a dim blue line of timber marked t he course of the Red river, and another line far in front of us indl -ated the approach of a tributary stream. This was all that tssike the lake-like expanse. We real ised at once what we had heard before, that it was, in fact, a lake without any water in it. A few words will explain the charac ter and probable formation of the Red River valley. It is about three hundred miles long and fifty miles wide—a flat prairie, extending northward from I.ako Traverse, in Minnesota, until it passes by a genUe slopo beneath, the water of Lake Winnipeg. About thirty miles nortli of the southern and higher ex tremity of the valley the lied river comes meandering in from tho east. It is a sluggish stream, flowing in a ditch ill the middle of the prairie, and is alto gether inadequate in size and force to have made the valley which hears its name. When we seek an explanation ol this vast alluvial plain, we must find a much larger body of water to account for its formation, and this is done try the theory which connects it with the great Mississippi system. There arc many indications that 1 lie whole drain age of this region was at one time south ward. Th(yvalley of the Mis-issippi, with its true line of continuation along the Minnesota, must havo formerly con tained a vasHy larger body of water than now flows through it. This valley, be ginning at Rig Stone lake, is separated only by a slight barrier from Lake Tra verse. Now imagine that a few thou sand years ago the level of theeontinent was a little different from what it is now, a few hundred feet higher at the and Lower at tho south, then this barrier would l>e overcome, and all the waters of the Winnipeg basin would flow southward through the Red river and Minnesota valley into the Mississippi The present northward outlet through the Nelson river would be stopped. Til ere would be a mighty stream drain • ing he whole central region of the con tinent into the Gulf of Mexico. Now imagine, again, that the continent is gradu illy depressed at the north, and eley ited at the south—a change which We know from observation is continuing along the sea coast; the result of such an oscillation will be to diminish the slope and veloc ity of the great southward river. It will have less and less power to cut its way through obstacles. It will be ! dammed by the granite ledges near Big Stone lake. It will spread out into a vast lake larger than Superior and Michigan put together. The waters of this lake will be shallow and muddy, and thedepositsofalluvium very rapid. As the northward depression continues, the outlet toward the soutli will he- ; come more and more feeble, it will degenerate into a mere driblet. And at last the great body of water will cut a \ new channel northward into Hudson bay. This is but a rough and hasty outline ol the theory which lias been advanced by General G. K. Warren, of the United States Engineer corps, and sun ported by him in a series of admirable reports. It may seem dry, but it offers an explanation of two very important facts—the immense fertility of the an cient lake bed. which is now called the Red River valley, and the impossibility of a route from Manitoba, through the Ne.son river and Hudson bay, to Eng land. These facts iiavea direct bearing on the commercial welfare of the United States, for they put the transportation of the products of the rich Northwest into the hands of our railways and steam boats. More than two-thirds of the Red River valley lies in Minnesota and Dakota; the remaining third is in the British Erovince of Manitoba. Two railroads ave been opened into the vail'y within the pnstsix vears—the St. Paul, Minne apolis and Manitoba, which now runs parallel with the river to St. Vincent, on the British border, where it connects with the Pembina branch of the Cana dian Pacific to Winnipeg, and the Northern Pacific, whicti crosses the val ley at right angles, and opens up the wonderfully fertile land lying on the west side of the river, in Dakota. Into this territory a great flood of emigration is now pouring. The rapid influx began in 1877. In the last quarter ol that year the government land ofHces disposed of more than 400, C00 acres in Minne sota, and during the same period the railways sold over 500,000 acres. In ail. over a million acres were taken up by settlers in those three months, mostly in the Red River val ley. Since 1878 the Northern Pacific railway has sold 800,000 acres of Red river lands. In the land districts tra versed by thi < road the government has assigned 1,383.410 acres in the year end ing June 30, 1879. Together with the lands sold by the railway during the same time, this makes the astounding total of 4,600,000 acres disposed of in two years. Embracing the same terri tory, present statistics show the follow ing: Present population, 09,700; in erense in past year, 19,900. Arm in wheat, 1879, 881,430; inceasp, 96,000. Area in other crops, 79 470; increase, 80.660. Total area in cultivation, 300,- 900; increase,'ll6.66o. New breaking, 187(1, 133,600. — Henry J. Van Hykt, Jr., %n Harper's Magazine. In Spain, air.an of wide sympathies is generally called "a matt with two hearts.'" But it by no means follow* tiiat a man with two hearts is a man of wide sympathies. A Spanish peasant, living in the vicinity of Madrid, in a petty quarrel, killed an aged woman, uud would have murdered her daughter, also, had not the latter sucoeedc i in making her escape. Thinking huuaeh' robbed of a great pleasure by the girl's escape, he revenged himself by trpcat edly stabbing the corpse of the mother. Singularly enough, remorse preyed so quickly upon his mind that he immedi ately hanged Himself. But the rope broke, and be wnuld, in all probability, have survived his attempt at suicide had he had not broken his skull in wie fall. On a poet mortem examination the man was found to have two hearta Instead of one. both being of regular sine and presenting no peculiarity oTany i irwl. Women Voting. Miss Louise M. A'.cott, in a loiter to the Woman's Journal about the Con cord, Mass., election, at which womn votcd for the first time for school com mittee, thus describes the scene and rer ports her impressions: The moderator (who is also the registrar, and has most kindly and faithfully done his duty to the women, in spite of his own differ ence of opinion) then announced that the ladies would prepare their votes and deposit them before the men did. No one objected, we were ready, and filed out in good order, dropping our votes and passing back to our seats ns quickly and quietly as possi ble, while the assembled gentle man watched us in solemn silence. •No bolt fell on our audacious heads, no earthquake shook the town, but a pleasing surprise created a general out break of laughter and applause, for scarcely were wo seated when .fudge Iloar rose and proposed that the polls be closed. The motion was carried be fore the laugh subsided, and the polls were closed without a man's voting—a perfectly fair proceeding, we thought, since we were nllowed no voice on any other question. The business of the meeting went on, and the women re mained to hear the discussion of ways and means, and see the oflicers elected with neatness and dispatch by the few who appeared to ran the town pretty much as they pleased. At five o'clock the housewives retired to get ten for the exhausted gentlemen, some of whom certainly looked naif they would need refreshments of some sort after their labors. I was curious to observe, as the women went out, how the faces which had regarded them with disap proval, derision, or doubt when they went in, now smiled affably, while several men hoped the ladies would come again, asked how they liked it and assured them that there had not been so orderly a meeting for years. One of the pleasant sights to my eyes was a flock of schoolboys watching with great int rest their mothers, aunts and sisters, who were allowing them Ikw to vote when their own eman cipation day came. Another was the spectacle of women sitting beside their husbands, who greatly enjoyed the affair, though many of them differed in opinion and had their doubts about the suffrage question. Among the new voters were the descendants of Major Buttrick, of Concord tight renown, two of Hancock and Quiney, and others whose grandfathers or great-grand fathers had been among tlio first settlers of the town. A goodly array of digni fied and earnest women, though some of the '•first families" of the historictowns w< rc conspicuous by their absence. Eugenie's Crown. A recent London letter says: The ex- Empress Eugenie before starting lor Zu ; luland presented her imperial crown to I the Church ol Notre Damedes Victoires, Paris. It is of great value on account i of its artistic composition and the nuiu | ber of precious stones it contains. After the empress' flight from France the new government ordered that all the valu ; ables of the imperial family, including the crown, the regalia and the sword of I state, should be deposited with the Bank of France. But a rumor sooe , got abroad that the empress' crown, ! together with the celebrated re gent diamond, had been secretly | forwarded to London to the care of the I Rothschilds. A little later the gossips • affirmed that it had been sold ny I)r i F.vans, the American dentist, and that ; the proceeds had been applied to the support of the empress at Chisell orst. The true account of her High* and of the valuables she took with her. has re cently been published. It appears that | when Prince Metternloh appeared at the Tuileries and bade the empress hasten her departure she went hurriedly j into her bedroom, put on a brown waterproof cloak, a round traveling ) hat, took a green parasol, began to col ; lect in great liaste ali the miniatures of | the emperor, of her son, of her sister, i the Duchesse d'Aldo, and of her niece, and put them into n lapis lazuli Imx, ; which, however, in the haste of her ! flight 'she was destined to leave be , hind. "Make hnste, madam, I hear cries; they are mounting the stairs; they are coming!" cried M. Nigra. Prince Metternicn went boldly into the bedroom and took the empress by the arm. Every one had, more or less, lost l their presence of mind. The empress left without taking any money with her, although there was about 40.000 francs in the drawers, and Marshal Vaillant, who | had had a thought of this, and bringing I some rouleaux of gold with him, find, ! with the greatest difficulty, succeeded in entering the palace by the gate in the } Uuedc Rivoli, arrived too late to give them to the empress. She was driven to the hotel of Dr. Evans, who supplied ber with money. She was then put into the hands of Sir John Burgo nc. who conveyed her neioss the channel, and when she set foot on British shores she was almost penniless. In the subse quant arrangement of her affairs, after the commune, many of her valuables, and among them the crown, were re stored to her. Xothlug Wasted. There is a beef-paeking company at Rookport. Arkansas county, Texas, owned and run by Boston men, who market the products in the New Eng land States, Europe and the English navy. The factory kills "an average of 31.50" grass-fed breves a year, and finds a read mixture and give a good "shine.' 1 Shut i Plow. An experienced farmer says: I know by trial that plowing land when it Is very dry is nearly ns hurtful as when it is very wet. But my experience ts with heavy clay, or land in which clay is an imrorUintconstituent. Such land when plowed dry breaks up lumpy, nnt' sub sequent rains do not absolve the lumps. It is my opinion that there is nc\er a more suitable condition for plowing any soil than whpn it lias enough moisture to cause the furrows to fall loosely from the plow with no appearance of packing and no lumps. At the Dark Hollos* stone auarry, near Bedford. 0., one of the largest stones ever blasted in America wan "lifted" a short time ago. The stone is forty or fifty feet square and abnnt thirty feet thick, and it required IRS slip wedges to make a successful blast. W lien cut up .into pieces it will make nearly 300 ear loads of building stone. Immense blocks of stone are frrquenth taken out of the quarries bore which would make the stones in Solomon's temple mere pebbles in comparison. Its weight was estimated to be 0,0(0,000 pounds. " Adolphu#You ask us what the difference is lwtween a child of royal birth and a young lamb. Kcally, now, we couldn't say, unless it Is because one is tended in splendor, and the other is splendid bi 'tender. Is that it, Dolrhyp -—Boston Journal of Commerce. Discussion of Dress Reform. "There is a crying demand for dress reform anions civilised nations," re marked the sad passenger, pensively contemplating the fruitless expense of vigor o the part of the lat passenger, who wa balancing himself in the aisle of the c r, and making desperate efforts to reach up far enough under his vest to catch the vagrant end of a discon nected suspender. " Providence, it is very plain, the sad passenger went on, "never intended man to dress in the present style, or else it would have given him an arm in the middle of his hack, witli an elbow that would work in three directions, with which to fish after his suspenders. If the tailors are right, nature is wrong, and didn't finish the man to suit his clothes. Reform is necessary." "Yes, said the tall, thin passenger "it is, and the fault is within ourselves Trousers, in their present style, are bar barous. Nature never intended that man should wear a garment that would bag itselt out of all shape at the knees before it had been worn a month. lam in favor of the classic drapery and the graceful toga of the olden times. What's the matter," he digressed in the direc tion of the fat passenger, " button fetch loose?" A stifled giunt, with just an inflection of (wrath in it. was all that came from the struggling figure in the aisle. " But a toga, or the long, graceful drapery of the Greeks," said tue cross passenger, " would be mighty unhandy if you was on the wrong side of the or chard fence and a dog w:w after you. You'll have to takeoff your coat,' he called to the fat passenger. Something like a smothered groan was beard, and the sad passenger said : " The tights of the Italian courtiers would he an improvement on the toga. They wouldn't bag at the knees, and tlioy are graceful—" " Especially on a n an with crooked legs," said the man on the wood-box; "bow-legged man get into them, and people would think it was a pair of parentheses witli clothes on. ou can reach further with the other arm," he shouted. A muffled roar broke from the strug gling figure, and the man with the sam ple cases said: "These stiff hats are nuisances, too. The great demand of the hour is a hat that a man can go to and still have it look dressy when lie wak<-s. You'il never catch it if you don't unbut on your vest," he added. The fat passenger made a frenzied reach and gave a spiteful grunt, and the earnest expression on his face seemed to indicate that he had eaugiit something. "Yes," said the man on the wooa box, "and a shirt without buttons would be a mighty convenient tiling. You'il fali down in a fit ifyou hold your breath much longer," he said, intones of alarm. I "You'll Had one in my valise," said ; the old married man. " I prefer 'em with the buttons on, myself. Have you ! got it?" I For the fat passenger certainly bad ! mcthing. Whatever It was, he held t with the grip of sin and tugged at it with furious gasps. His face was pur ple, hi* moutli was open, his eyes were starting fiom their sockets. We were uneasy ahout him. Suddenly something gave way underneath his rliin; there was a ripping sound, a deep gasp of re lief, a flash of color, and the fat pass* n f;er. flushed, panting, triumphant, stood lolding his blue neck-tie in bis hands. " There's your suspender if that is what you've been renching for," said the passenger with a sandy goatee. " down on the flfMir." There was a sound as of silence in the ear, hut it didn't last long, and by the time it died away all Uic passengers were in the smoking car.— liurlingion Hawkey t. One Can't Excel la Everything. Ideals ol excellence, if no. excel lences themselves, are so graduated as to lit the difler.mt orders of mind in wiiieii they take their rise. Greatness is not positive quality; it is simply a relative attribute. The man who never succeeded in en snaring a single " speckled beauty" from some "tortuous stream" may truthfully boast of his eminent success in catch ing sculping. The man who cannot sing ma# yet have a voice peculiarly adapted to cry ing clams, oranges or charcoal. He who is no dancer may be good at liich-and-kick or shinny. The ror.a who was not born to com mand, t< se la squadron in the field, may surpass ail his acquaintam es in th* untir ing devotion he evinces in the coloring of liia meerschaum. The boy who is over at the foot of his class may still be an expert on the forma tion and propulsion of spithalls. The lad who is not a pronounced suc cess® arithmetic may oc simply excel lent at numble peg and taw. The woman who cannot make a loa of bread may exee] in making frills and iurbelows. She who cannot play tiie simplest air on the washboard may execute the most difficult themes upon the pianoforte. Site who cannot darn a stocking may be the envy of her circle for lier skill and taste in worsted work, in marrying skv-blue dogs to pink background. Tiie mother who cannot command ttie respect of her children may yet be fawned upon by half a score of male bi peds without a spot ok their dainty linen or an idea in their heads. The daughter who is too feeble to wash the dishes may dance till the small hours of the night after having been shopping all day. The girl who cannot sew may chew gum with tireless jaw. A great singer may not IMI able to smoke the mildest cigars without turn ing pale. A general who has led armies on to victory may be surpassed in profanity by tiie raggedest boy in the city. The hand that ha* penned the divin est poetry may beclownishly awkward with the billiard cue. The man who is capable of organiz ing and carrying forward gigantic busi ness enterprises may be outoone at cau cus management by the shabbiest poli tician in his ward. The artist who gWes- birth to such exquisite creations may n<£ be able to tie hi*neck-cloth near so well as Au gustus, who in his turn can do nothing else.— Boston Transcript. The every-day earns nnd duties which men Vail drudgery are the weights and counterpoises of the clock of time, giv ing it# pendulum a true vibration, and its bauds a regular motion, and when they cease to hang upon the wheels the pendulum no longer swings, tin hands no longer move, the clock stands still. OLEOMARGARINE. How Artificial nutter la Marie and How It May Ite Detected. The manufacture of artificial butter or oleomargarine, it is stated, was com menced in Paris during the siege hy the German army, when many of the neces sary supplies of life were cut off from the inhabitants. It is related that M. Mege Mouriez, a chemist, was commis sioned by the French government to make some researches, witli a view to obtain a product to take the place of butter, to lie supplied at a much lower price, and capable of being kept without becoming rancid. M. Mege Mouriez placed several milch cows on a severe diet, which quickly reduced them in weight, and caused them to give a reduced quantity of milk, hut the milk always produced butter, leaving still the query "Where did it come from ?" lie believed it was produced from the fat of the animal, which,being carried into the circulation, was deprived of its stearine by respira ! Tory combustion, and furnished its oleo- I margarine to the cow's udd'r, where, I under the influence of the mammary j pepsin, it was changed into butyric oleomargarine or butter. Guided by ' tills observation, lie was not long in I obtaining, by an ingenious process, I from beef suet, fat fusible at nearly the I same temperature as butter, and of 1 agreeable taste. He then transformed I this same fat into butter by a process similar to that of nature. This process | was by grinding up the fat of the best I quality of newly-slaughtered beeves be tween two cylinders.whieli falling into a I deep vat heated by steam, and contain j ing for every 1,000 kilcgiammes of fat j 200 kilogrammes of water and one kilo | gramme of potassic carbonate, besides j t vo sheep's or plgti stomachs in pieces. The temperature was raised to forty-five | degrees, and the mass carefully stirred, i At the end of two hours the fat all raised to the surface, when it was let off into another vat, heated on a water bath to thirty degree*, and two per cent, j of sea salt added. In two hours it became clear, and presented a yellow color, and the odor of freshly churned butter. I Tbit becoming cooler, was out into cakes, packed in linen, and placed under an hydraulic press, and then separated Into two nearly equal parts, viz., stearine and liquid oleomargarine. The stearine lie manufactured into candles. ' After coaling, the oleomargarine was passed through cylinders unaer a shower ot water to vuh it and give itoonslst -1 ence. The oleomargarine was then made into cheap butter in the following man ner: To fifty kilogrammes of melue Smedt tests it as follows: A piee Smedt thinks better and everv way more satisfactory than by the microscope. As a general tiling, however, any person used to marketing can satisfy themselves, from the greasy smell of the artificial butter, of itschar acter. It is not. as a general thing, so dense as pure butter, and usually has a whitish appearance on the outside. i le online**. The part which the skin plays in the regulation of bodily beat is not ade quately estimated. The envelope of complicated structure and vital func tion which covers the body, and which nature lias destined to perform a large share of the la'avrof health preserving, is practically thrown out of use by our habit of loading it with clothes. It is needless to complicate matters by al lowing it to be choked and encum bered witli dirt. If tli • akin of M ani mal I>o coated witli an impervious var nlsli, deatli must ensue. A covering of dirt is only less inimical to life. We are not now speaking of dirt such as offends the sense of decency, of those accumulations of exuded matter with which the skin must liecome loaded if it is habilunlly covered and not thor oughly cleansed. The cold bath is not a cleansing agent. A man may bathe daily and use his bath towel eveif roughly, but remain as dirty to all prac tical intents as though lie eschewed cleanliness; indeed, the physical evil ol dirt is more likely to ensue, because if wholly neglected, the skin would cast off its excrementitious matter by peri odic perspirations with desquamation of the cuticle. Nothing but a frequent wnsliing in water, of at least equal tem perature with the skin, and soap can ensure a free and healthy surface. Tin feet require especial care, and it is too much the practice to neglect them. The omission of dally washings with soap and the wearing of foot coverings so tight as to compress the blood vessels and retard the circulation of the blood through the extremities, are the most common causes of cold fed. The remedy is obvious; dress loosely and wash frequently.— leanest Making a King Hing. An Englishman arrived at Paris , m days before the revolution of Ju7 v lHvf He very eagerly .ought to in ji?' interior court of the Palais Itoya wl, i the prince. Ix>ui Philippe of OrW was receiving deputations that& nm from all parts ol the count?!, Ui lager, with the mayor and drnl V|J * 'r 1 ' b, - v " '™,r,3 with addresses an d often exi i. a " f U< " r-"" 1 of 1!;; riic Englishman, on arriving Hxk,H ance' U,H U'' appear "Certainly," they answered him i. just retired." ' Jd Ahl .. l am Very "° rrjr { " "'at," he him." am C ° m "- Uj P,iri " u > *! "Never mind." .aid one near him - -1 will show him to you." Ho he ! out: "Vive Louis Philippe! Chart*. and the multitude cried out the same. 1 out A window opened over a balconv 11,. prince apDeared. humbly saluted tu crowd, and retired. 1 "Ah! lam very glad indeed,"said th ( . Englishman; " but I have heard ro r „ - say that one might see him with the tr 1 colored flag, ami surrounds hv I family. J ,iIH "That is very eay, M said tj l# . ol | Jf , r . forth e " ,nc *° me WJUN ttn,i ~r wi ' j "Indeed! Here are some, with cr. pleasure," .aid the Englishman bwi*. a franc to hi. neighbor. * Immediately a voice raised the I™. let, which a thousand voices hum,)' atejy repeated: Soldier, with the tricolor fW, Who Irom Orleans beai*t M , And the ooUDlet did not cease to be b'-ard before the prince, surrounded t )V In. family and holding the three.,,/, ored flag, came forth to g a up tu crowd. There was silence for a short time Then the complaisant neighbor, tune ing toward the ear of the EngiishmS said: Now shall I make him sin"' x'. it is rather a difficult matter, you wi have to give me ten lrancs." "I will do so willingly," said the Englishman, assured by tie success of the former en & agem en ta. Then the man. with his ten franc* exerted himself and sh >uted with otlcri around him so eayf-rly and v •Viveleroit Vive la Chart*! iaMaJ." se liaise!" that at the end of twenty minutea Louis Philippe pre,ented him self again before a large crowd exulting with impatience and joy. The Marseillaise wax lustily raised by the crowd. The new king was about to retire from the balcony, Hut stopped in the midst of the applause, and sangwitb the people, marking time with bis feet The story relates that the king-e xhibb tor. addressing the Englishman, said to him: "Now if you give me one hundred francs he shall dance." Put the otle-r thinking that the show had gon" tar enough, went away. Some may think this anecdote comes from a suspicious source. It is taken word for word from the contemporary history of C. A. lisubin, a work in among students of philosophy. It ap peared to the learned professor to be so characteristic that he thought it worth relating, although at first sight it ap peared to him unworthy of the gravity of history.— I A inure Hour. Taring for Snakes. A reporter of the Philadelphia Pra l has been learning on what the snake man at the Zoological gardens, in that city, feeds his pets. This is what he learned on entering the professor's pri vate office: Two cages stood on the side of the room, one on top ol the otb