Ceatw gewocrat. BKLLKFONTK, l'A. o-XIIC TJ Xj T-C7-A-XJ. NEWS, FACTS AND BUOUEBTIONH. HI TUT BP TUB NATIONAL WELFARE I* TBI INTELLI IIINCI AMD PRORPKRITT OP TBI FARMER. F.i-try farmer in hi e annual experience discover* something of value. Write it and send it to the "Agricultural Editor of the 1 Ikmoi'Rat, HeUefonte, J'enn'u," that other farmers may hare the benefit of it. Let communications be. timely, and be sure thai they are brief and well / minted. Cm,. PIOLT.ET, the veteran farmer of liradford county, says that lie has used land plaster for forty years, and recommends it as a most valuable fertilizer. AT the April meeting of the Lan caster count}' agricultural society, the question of the profit of cutting fodder for stock was discussed, and the weight of opinion was decidedly in favor of the practice. We know that it pays. Wiiy is it, that while wheat is almost universally drilled in, most, or at least many, farmers continue to sow oats broadcast? With a good drill, and seed thoroughly cleaned from all foul and light stuff, oats can be a9 easily drilled as wheat, ami we are sure, from several years' practice, that it is as profitable for the one crop as for the other. WE notice that the Farmer's Flub of Eimira, and of Cbadd's Ford, Delaware county, this Mtnte, have both offered handsome premiums for small corn crops raised by boys under sixteen years of age. We commend these good examples to the oflieers of our county society, and should they see proper to follow them, the columns of the DEMOCRAT will be cheerfully opened for their use in publishing the offer. WE are more and more convinced of the great value and importance of root crops to every farmer. They are especially valuable for dairy purposes, but all farm stock, not even except ing the pigs and poultry, will come through a long, hard winter all the lietter for having a plentiful supply of them. Preparations for next winter's fcediug should be made now, and we publish in another column of to-day's issue, an excellent article on the sub ject, written by a gentleman of large experience in raising tbcm. Tin: last number of the Scientific American contains a number of illus trated articles descriptive of recent inventions of interest to farmers, ami among them one describing a new horse collar and harness combine*], all made of forged steel plates. It is sai*l to be a complete success, not only preventing galls, but healing old sores, like the well-known zinc pad. We have ijever seen one, but have no reason to doubt the statements made concerning it. J'uck spells it "Oilymnrgarine,'' and illustrates the difference lictween this concocted nastiness and butter in a very effective way. We are not of those who think that the manufacture or sale of this abomination should be prohibited by statute, any more than should that of hair grease, or neats' foot oiL Those who ask this of our law makers, ask too much. Hut let ail interested ask and demand that no man shall either make, vend or place upon any table, the vile compound, in any quantity,either large or small, unless it is so distinctly labeled and marked that any one may know what lie is buying or eating. Then let it go "on its merits." if people want to eat it, we jiave no objections, but wc insist that no one shall be com pelled to eat it, by deliberate fraud. WE notice an unusual number of grubs or "marbles" in the backs of neat cattle this spring, and iiave been much annoyed to find them in large nnrabers on such of onr stock as ran to pasture last summer. Some g remedy that would destroy them without injuring the stock would soon rid the country of this nuisance, as the great fly which torments onr cattle during the summer, by its sharp prods in depositing the egg which produces this grub, is in turn produced by it, upon its emerging from its nest. Crude coal oil is recommended by a correspondent of the Farmer't Friend , as follows: "Take your mowing-machine can nnd fill it with crude petroleum, and as soon aa they have catcy through the hide insert the nozzle of your can in the hole made by the grub; press gently on the bottom to forco the oil into the ncßt. It destroys them at once. Try it. It will not injure your stock or remove the hair. In a very few days the grub turns black, shrinks up and slips out. Wound heals readily; the work is done." The Culture and Use of Mangels. Henry Stewart in Hurnl New Yorker. American farmers can grow roots as well as an English farmer ever could, with their advantageous cli mate ; as good in quality; in fact, better, because more solid and less succulent; as large in size and as heavy in the yield. We can grow mangels anywhere from '24 to 40 pounds' weight, if we wish, ami at a cost that renders them the cheapest food we have. Forty tons per acre, equal to 1,200 bushels, are grown by good farmers who understand the needed culture, and any farmer may grow as many, who will follow the right method. Is there any crop that will pay better? .Mangels con tain over one per cent, of flesh-form ing material which is worth 4 i cents per pound, and 10 per cent, of car bohydrates worth one cent per pound. This is for the fresh roots having 88 per cent, of water in them. At 14,2 cents per 100 pounds, equal to 8/ cents per bushel, a crop of 40 tons gives a return of $113.75 per acre. To realize as much from corn one must grow nearly 200 bushels per acre. It requires but little figuring to discover which is the more profit able crop. We need to grow roots. They exert a beneficial influence upon the soil ; not directly, but growing out lof the necessities of their culture. The laud must be well worked, must .be well manured and must In; kept free from weeds. A truly honest farmer, I mean one who is honest to himself and Ins profession ami to his farm, should grow roots for this very reason, because the work disciplines him, in fact, will innke a good and successful farmer of him. Let us consider what lie must do. There must Is* a stock of good well rotted manure prepared. This is in dispensable, and the ground should have been well plowed before winter sets in. Hut the manure must lw had, if roots are desired. To grow one acre, then, there should be 25 loads of manure made, turned over three or four times, kept fermenting through the winter and prepared for use early next May. This is discip linary ami useful work ; it enriches the farm and the farmer, ami the 1 lalor will give him higher ideas than are usually held regarding this work of making manure. Instead of lieing considered as filthy, disagreeable work, the manure heap will Ik) to hiiu a laboratory experiment; carefully prepared; well made; fully perform ed; and its results watched with great interest. It will bring in the intellect to the aid of the hands and arms, and will set in action n new order of affairs on the farm, as any thing will do that is done for a pur pose. This is the winter's work. Next comes the seed : six pounds to an acre is the quantity required. The next consideration is the vari ety. After glowing, the past year, twelve different varieties of mangels and beets, I would select the lvinver Yellow (JIoIk; for its soundness,color and yield. Next I would choose Lane's Improved sugar beet, nnd I would grow half an acre of each, if 1 had but one acre. I like variety and so do my cows; and if lean induce a cow to eat a few pounds more of si iced roots for Iter noon-day meal, she will rest the better in the after noon, and milk the better in the evening for it; ami by giving a change week aliout, with these two roots, the sweetest sugar Itects seem to keep up the cow's appetite. The spring work, next, is to be thought about. If 1 could procure, or afford to procure a grubber, I would use that to work the fall plowed ground. This loosens the soil for 10 inches in depth without turning it over,and makes it in tiie very best condition for growing roots. Not having such an implement, 1 would cross-plow the ground after spreading the manure, and so mix the soil and manure, and then still further mix it by thorough harrowing. The soil is then marked out in furrows as straight as possible, 27 inches apart. In the mean time the seed is soaking, and as soon as the furrows are made, before the soil lias had time to dry, th 6 seed is sown by hand in tbcm, and a man or boy following, covers them about two inches deep with a hoc. A, dis tinct mark of each furrow is atill left by which it may be seen yrith ease. Three hundred pounds per acre of Peruvian Uuano, blood manure, superphosphate of lime or socially prepared mangel and beet fertilizer are then scattered along the row and a few inches on each side, lly soaking a small portion of the seed,* the por tion that will grow will he ascertained, and this is important, because 50 per cent, of old seed will l>e dead, and in that case a double allowance will be required. Although a hand aecd drill is a convenience, yet 1 think the E renter trouble of hand sowing will B repaid in the more regular and even growth afterwards. A fler plant ing, the ground needs cultivation before the weeds start; this is the least trouble and it is easier to kill a thousand weeds when they first ger minate than one when it is a week or two old; and to keep them from growing, than to destroy them when grown. A week's neglect, once the weeds have started, may increase the labor 50 times and even make it necessary to abandon the crop. This is the point in growing roots. Keep the ground clean, ami some Hort of a crop is certain; permit weeds to grow, and the chance is great that the crop will be a loss. There may be farmers who have a crop of roots grown and find difficul ty indisposing of them. That diffi culty is easily disposed of. There is not an animal on the farm but may be kept in the best of health and condition on roots, with a small portion of dry feed. Horses do well on a peck twice a day, chopped nnd mixed with chaffed hay. If hard worked a quart of meal of any kind or bran, added, will complete a suffi cient ration. Cows, oxen,calves and feeding beeves flourish well on roots as the largest part of their diet. The yellow-fleshed mangels give a rich color and no evil flavor to milk or cream, nnd for winter dairying they are indispensable. A |>erk of roots with a quart of cotton-seed meal and bran, mixed in equal parts, given I twice a day with dry hay or fodder, will keep cows well up to their milk. Sheep may be fed similarly in pro ' portion, except ewes* heavy in lunib, I which should l>e fed but small rations, not over a quart at each half daily feed. I'igs thrive wonderfully on mangels and sugar beets. Geese will live wholly on them chopped fine. I'oultry will peck out roots and con sume them completely. Boots, corn and hay will keep the whole farm stock going In the best order, and as one good acre of roots will subsist i one cow for three years or 25 cows for six weeks, ami four acres will j supply 25 cows for six months, what other crop can pay so well or IK; SO easily grown for the amount of feed procured 1 Sowing Vegetable Seeds. I KM* ii i)t* (Vmtitry eas, let -1 tnee, etc., which are not cut. down by f'rot, may be safely planted as | early as the ground is ready. The i soil must be will pulverized, and neither in lumps or wet, adhesive mass. This is the first requisite.' It inimt be sufficiently moist, which is I nearly always the case early in the Spring without much care. The third point is not to plant too deep. Seeds I are sometimes buried lieyond the reach of ttic uir, and lie dormant, or rot. Many soits buried three or four inches under the surface are in no better condition than if thrown away. If only nn inch nearly nil will grow. Seedsmen are sometimes denounced for selling bail seed, mere ly because the purchaser has placed litem where they cannot germinate. The smaller the seeds, the shallower should be the covering, and the best mode is by sifting fine earth over them. The depth wdl of course vary, but the lest general rule is never to cover Litem more than live times fclieir diameter in depth—rather less is bet ter. They will come up frequently at a greater depth, but a long time will lie required, and the plants for a time will be feelde. A greater depth is ndmissabic in a sandy than in a heavy or clayey soil, and with a dry than in a quite moist soil. A light pressure may Iw made on the surface after the seeds are planted, and n heavy one, even to the tread of the foot, on a dry soil. I'ess will come Jip from a considerable depth, and Will succeed better nnd bear longer than when planted shallow. Ifyoung gardeners will experiment at differ ent depths with various seeds, and witli various degrees of compression of the surface, they will soon acquire more of good practical knowledge on the subject than by means of vol umes of written directions; and such experiments arc very easily made, care being taken to keep a record of all the various plantings to prevent mistakes of memory. It happens often that heavy soils arc kept too wet to work to ail van tage until the opportunity for sowing early has passed. If the ground has been previously prepared, so that it presents a clean surface, the sowing may be made directly on the top, without disturbing it or making drills, covering the seeds by silting on them dry nnd pulverized soil from some dry or sheltered spot (the operator standing on a board), and in this esse one-half of the usual depth will an swer, as they will obtain a supply of moisture freely from below nnd a fine covering need not be so thick as a coarse one. In ail cases pressing the surface is useful and renders J termination more certain by brlng ng the moist pnrticles in closer eon tact with the teed—provided it is not sufficient to cause the enrth to adhere in a mass and Itecomc baked hard when it dries. Csreful observation and practice will soon enable any one to know just when the right degrees of pressure is used. Much less is needed for early sown seeds than for the tenderer kinds a month or two later, when dry and warm weather may have set in. Mistakes are often made by sop posing seeds always grow liest if the sowing is followed by rain. On the contrary, they more frequently suc ceed better if sowed alter a rain. On a soil already wet enough, the operation should be performed before rain, as it may be too plastic after wards. Hut when the earth inclines to be rather dry and crumbles Into hard, small lumps, these prevent close contact with the seed, and are in better condition and crumble finer, after being moistened and partly soft ened by a shower. Proe built there, as well as now in older States, to shelter ani mals, feed and mat ure, all under one roof. To use up the straw, of which every Western farmer is liable to have such a superabundance, he feeds as much as his animals will eat, and allows the manure to accumulate un der. them for three or four weeks, with enough straw litter to keep them quite dry. The manure is then thrown out into a shed, or carried at ottee to the field when teaming is easy over the fror.cn ground ; in no case is it piled up in the open yard. A cnKßKseoxriEXT of the llural Met eenrjer gives the following as a wash for mossy trees; Heat an ounce of sal soda to redness in an iron pot, and dissolve it in one gallon of water and while warm apply it to the trunk. After one application, the moss and old bark will drop off and the trunk will be quite smooth. ( 'AI'I-IFLOWKR is the most delicate and delicious of the cabbage family, and grows and heads best in warm, damp weather, with cold nights. To keep the head from sprouting or spreading, draw the larger leaves over it, nnd lay a stone on top to keep them in place. TUB stronger and better the quali ty of tbe manure put on, the longer it will hold out and the better will one be paid for the labor of prepar ing and applying. Curd*. I TARN ESS MANUFACTORY A A la Otfßu'i Mow Blork, RKI.I.KPONTK, PA. I-ljr t? R. IN.A 111, 1 • JEWKI.KR, watc*eh, turn, jiwslat, Me. All work nn*llr *xnrat*d. On Allwbeii; tlrfrt, undvr Bn*kli(ifllimmh). 4 U DEALERS IN TURK DRUGS ONLY. 2 I ZELLER A SON, I i ~ iiaruuista. No A. Ururknrtioff Bow. J; J i All lII* Sun.UM hIMII M(dictum Ptw- " x arrlpllon* und Fmily Rorlpm Mnratil) a. M pnwarori. Trwni, HTmoMiw Rrnr m, tc . A*. Jj ?L _ ™ i F OUIB DOLL, lj FASHIONABLB BOOT A MIOBMARKB, RtwktriMll Raw, Allagtwar Mnwt, l-l| Bollofanto, Pi R. c. kF>M, Pfwa'l. >. p. •iun. SIMPLICITY simplified: s ptomhor ' 1678 We Sell New Machines Eicri Time, R*rul for Tllnfttrafwl Circular ari l prlcen. Libera! t *Tmn to 1 • tn • until y o. |4w4, J MX> IIPRiU. deck IdifV.anty (NiTTiDtittlotirrw— I It* AT fil* K Attompf \o CVrantf C"waWilllOl iMioncr* — J out MARin,Pivi>T Kiimr. Bo|MTlritiu4crtof I'uWk fi* bnolii— Frof. llembt Meter. N -lAnre put.Hc— Eta* M Hlawcnaed, W. W. Potter, 11. c. < HiDlKft*, Bcllrf'ifiic DIRECTORY. f iiriu lIKS. Ac. PBICFBYTKRIAB, ou PpHn* uad fao of H ail 4r-'U ftprdoM, hundat t lo .10 a. M and 71 p v. Prmypr meet In®. WcdttCaiUt at 7| 9. *. Butdat. a* Uuol, 2*4 t. m in lh* Wifta, rKirtbcAAt corner of awl Umt'. I'ttlnr.Vbt William l,urt; r*4- drfice, D|*riiig atrc-c*. muUi of MMkxdUf r hur b. MRTIIODIAT KPIBTfIPAL 81 touted aoafi**at oaf art of tyring and ll -aar i aircrta. Merrtcca. Sunday, at 10.10 m and r m Pnpr*tiPMlri(, Wtdipultr at 7*4 r. w Sundat-orbool.Burday ft.lo f l*aa#ment of rtitirrh. Paat.kr, Ret. J. |< itahnc; f'urtin 14rtM, wrrt of tyring. hT. JOHN ROMAN CATIfOLU*, Bitnatcd on Bi*h'i|t irewt AHrgbc-nt and Bcrricua Panda* H and De.lt* a. M. and 7 1 .P. *.; all oib#r data. 7:1) i. I. Rpt.AJ. OkriiNi t '•aidHMW, nuutli aide of Riah>*|> tictnccn Alleßbf-tt) an I frfln, f*T J**!lN 8 mHOOPAL. Bituatad ar.ijthwcat f riwr of Allcßhenr and lamh utrwi* Aitk-ta, Monday De.H a. n and'U r. ■. Wcdaanday aenk-ea T r * and BnndaTrltori| Sunday 2 P# M , lit Uht-moil of rbntrh. Rtor, John ll*p|tt; reejlpfim tn Umi. ftrtd 1 car of IfktKfal chap b DtTIIKHAN. NliwlM aalhawt rx.rn#r of Il fh and Pctin Net*k*a, Sunday lffcAOa. . and 7*- t y m. Fnnday-achool Rnudei In lecture mom of r hurrb. U dn**Ui "If p u paator Hot Bam oal K Firai; r ron tin* * awSwtwra thai th*** pnwdwra will do all wo r large boa, B.M, or 4 ho*** Aw IM.M. aenl by aoail to any pari of the I'nltwd Slat*, ar fboada oa rwrlrpl of prlo*, or by waprwm. C. O. I. Addram ASH A BOBBINS, 44-ly. Fnlloa (tr*l, Bmokltrn. X. T. Bellefonte a- know shoe H. R.— in effm* t r *• j sfim? * 31.1*77: nL UiVf !w* 8lof 7.10 a. M. *rr ie§.r Beihfn > 4 M. I . t* 10.3 ft n ,*rr;<-it r . vM* 11A. M. I*-*% fit. j* fi lf* 24Jp v . arntftin Sklltf 4 12 r. . Relief. *te 4 ► * iff-rn a! f' w fi . C.27 r.u. I'A.MI I, P.liOAl£*. •••*"*' - Halo eagle valley rail. K<">At' —Timw-Tahl*. |h-r, lM |.., :] • Kp. Mail mraan. unt li r . m. a.a. r. m. m> . t T r C 32 Arm* at Tir r,. ' t . . 7W) f. 2' 7ir ■!. l/ 0,. 7 1". k " J" *2l - Vji ' - :i t f 742 r, 17 •• lUM Eagle :p, i <•' 7IN 445 ...... " }l.i i..it " ...7 *. stl 7*2 t> 44 ...._ " Port Matoda •' ... 741 v! 1 714 ft 47 Marti.. 762(■ J 7OS ft M " Jnltar •• ... a1 yj. •SO **7 " I nii.r.tillr - ... 11 V e47 &14 M bo. Hboe ID " ... a '.l b l ,fl 4J AIS - Milathtnc '• ... a24 i #7l i itS " It. -I|*f ■i. . . ](i i. ISI 4Ut •• .M,l**l'ir,t k4' !<. 17 I 0 IS 4An •' -..•># ... kI4H J, 'At* 440 ...... " M.oint Lagl* •• . V (a. ] 1 4 Ik' 431 •• How 1 ... <1 H4 ft H 4JO .... - Kaglmille ... y ll] . 540 4 15. " I rk - .."2)0;: 453 403 Mill Hall - ... :dll 1# 5 9 4 '*) •' I>mu.. I d ... yK U H 425 1 W V>* k Hiiro •' _. t42 ]; PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. -1 au.l Kri/ It. l —<:< * after December 11. 187? WR>TWARI. KRir WAltleuvfurblludelDMa 11 " I ® | M " HmvM ii| . ii *• M Wl)ijani4ion. MHMKU— u • " leeA lUim .**. '4Da® u Kaoaro If) 54 a inliM at F.ftr 4 S ; ■ NIAGARA I ;\l*RKBi> I'A4N I ladf!|Li*. 72> * r. Ffamahufg ... I" ;* ® *' W i!lUfr.oj .kft. 2 Ft J a " w.▼•<• at J.- 4 4" f , Pannenrr-rp by thfa train arr.tr ip li* lie foftl" At < ! FAST I.INK leave* Philadelphia !7 4*® Ban Mint . •* " Wll prl - 7Jm ** irrltMi ®t Lock Ilavß..w.>- 14'! ■ RAltwarb. , PACIFIC KXPRRSS loa*ral/k Harm.—. 40.* Willi® • • • 1 M irrivfliftt fUrni*i*r 11 1 " . 24i r ■ lIAf K\rßß!BloaoolUi>. T" * •• l/i. k lUim 11 '*■ " RHummO i—. 8 4'" " nlv# ot lUrrWmrtr 410 f " • " 7 S l l KRIR M AIL km - I " U-k H.itoo y4k f • *' ** WtllliDlopoTt.. 11 lAytt " orrlrna ot Harrtalmp !!>■• * " Phi bkilrl|ihti... 7 4®i* FART LINK loarr* l2 ' " orriToo it llarrtohnr c. S ftk i * •' " FblUl *!!• V* * traina onrth. Krlr Mall Waal, Nlajrara Kprr Kl. h' W R*praa Kaat, mak r|w noantM at Lfk With R K V. R R traina Krir Mall Kaat and Wait aannart at Fria *lth Wl no L. R 4 M. R R R.. at t\.rr> arlth O * 4 \ * R.. at Rmpntinm *tth R. S. T. A P. R. R~ aJ at Ikrtnwood with A. V. R. R Parlor rora will run lfwaan Philadalj lia a Willlatnaport on Nluara Faproya Waal. Alt' 111 11 ** Wrwf. PhHadalphia fci|r-.K- Ka-I and t>a) Kaat. and gnndaj Rxpraaa laat Waopmc oaraos all nlht traina Ww A Rural*. Hani Roparintandant THE CENTRE DEMOCRAT BOOK and JOB OFFICE BUH HOUSE 81/OCK, BELLKFONTK, rA., IR NOW OFFRRINO GREAT INDUCEMENTS TO THORR WIRHIXO FIRRT-CLAM Plain or Fancy Printing. We h*e unuAual Cwilitiee for jointing LAW BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, CATALOGUES, PROGRAM MK. STATEMENTS, CIRCULARS, RILL HEADS, KOTE HEADS, BUSINESS CARDS, INVITATION CARDS, CARTES DE VISITK. . CARDS ON BNNELOPKS AND ALL KINDS OF BLANKS. Printing done in the beet tyle, on uhort notice mm at the lowet retee. 19-Order* by mii will mo*'** P rom r t attention.