Iht Crntvr flrmoctnf. E L L ftFO N Tft, PA. ▲OA ZOVZiVVSIA.ti. N I'.WS, FACTS AND f>U(I(KSTIONB. >■ tnr nr *lll NITIOXJU. nnr.xt | till lxttu.l - AXD ruun'KuiTi or tu* i-iuxm Leery farmer in his annual erixrtenee discrete sanething if ralne. Write it ami until it In thr " Agricultural Kttitar of the DKMOI'RAT, Jtellefnntr, I'enn'n," that idher ' fanners mat/ hare the benefit if tt. Let j e nninunieations be timely, ami be sure that j they are brief ami t veil painted. "CHOP NOTES" from the western papers indicate a full crop of whent in the Northwestern States. THY SOWING a small patch of corn for green fodder. Scatter the seed ! corn thickly in the bottom of the fur- j rows far enough apart to cultivate i between, cultivate as thoroughly as j you do your corn crops, and when i the August drouth dries all the sap out of the pastures, and the cream j and butter begin to fail, you'll thank ! us for the advice. See I'rof. Ar nold's views of this matter in another column. WE I.EARN that the authorities have decided that the annual fair of j the State Agricultural Society is this fall to be held in and around ."The Main Building" of the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. This is just as it should be. It fixes the lo cation at the focal point of one of the finest agricultural regions in the world, and adds to this the many advantages of close proximity to a large and wealthy city. We bespeak for the society the finest and most successful exhibition it has ever held. I'HOF. C. V. KII.EY, late entomolo gist of the agricultural department at Washington, has resigned the po sition because of his dissatisfaction j with the way in which matters con nected with the department were con ducted, ami (Jen. Le Hue has named Prof. J. 11. C'omstock, of Cornell j University, ns his successor. We regret to have the department lose the eminent services of Prof. Kiley, 1 who is known as one of the most skilled entomologists of the age, but arc assured by good authority that Prof. Comstock w ill prove a capable successor. AT THE last regular meeting of the American Institute Farmer's Club in New York, Mr. Kol>crt .1. Podge said that "nothing can be gained by planting corn until the soil ! is warm enough to start the seed at once and give a vigorous growth which will the sooner put it out of reach of the cut-worm, the crows and other pests which arc its des tructive foes in its early existence. It is generally stated that 100 days without frost are sufficient to mature a corn crop, and it is well known that in the neighborhood of New York we usually have many more than this number, hence the corn crop here ripens as a rule long before there is any danger of frost, This being the case there is no need of un due haste in the spring. Further North, on the border ground of the corn belt, planting should not lie de layed longer than is necessary. The old Indian plan of planting when the oak leaves are as large as a mouse's ear has, Mr. Dodge thought, never lieen superceded by any better plan.'t DIKING one of the damp, foggy mornings of Inst week, one of our choicest cows was attacked with "bo ven" or "bloat," iiaving lieen turned into a field of rank young clover dur ing our absence from home. A young man whom we afterward learn ed to lie Mr. Ncvin Annum, of Penn township, chanced to pass by, and noticing the distress of the animal, took her out of the field, inarched her to the barn, and by the adminis tration of proper remedies, with the assistance of n neighbor and one of the men who happened .to be near the barn, soon had her relieved, nnd succeeded in snving her life. For this prompt ami intelligent exercise of humanity toward the suffering an imal, Mr. Anmnn is deserving of all commendation ; and for the courtesy towards the owner of the pro|>erty, an entire stranger, we desire to ten der him our thanks. In a subsequent conversation with Mr. Auman, he evinced considerable veterinary know edge, and it occurs to us to suggest ; Unit a thorough course in veteranary medicine nnd the opening of an office for practice in llellefonte, would in all probabiltiy make him greatly useful to the community and prove profitable to himself. THE MANURE pile has been called the farmer's hank and with much truth. If you want to increase your bank deposits, lay a good drain from some point near the back kitchen door to a ccmcnt-lined reservoir (an old hogshead sunk in the ground will answer, if you can't do any bet ter) filled with sods gathered from 01.l fence rows, half rotted straw, line brush, weeds and vegetable tops from the garden, and so on, and send all the kitchen and chamber slops through it into the reservoir. You will make better manure and more of it than you have any idea, and lessen the chances for a spell of typhoid fever in the house by alioiit fifty jx-r | cent. THE GRASS is now,or soon will lie, long enough to cut a nice bite for the horses, and it will prove much .better to cut and take it to them in j the stable, than to turn them out to j hunt it after a hard day's work ; and j we advise cutting it with the mowing ] machine. Not because the small amount needed daily could not be cut quite as economically with the scythe, but because it will insure iiav ing the machine in order when hay cutting time, now fast nppronching, comes. The needed repairs about the machine will be jarred upon your attention, and you will make them in time. And writing of mowers and haying reminds us of certain im provements not only in mowers, hut in minor inventions to which this great one has given birth, such as hay elevators and carriers, knife grinders, and others, to which our at tention has begn directed, and of which we may sjxak further before the haying season sets in. SENATOR PADDOCK, of Nebraska, recently introduced in the Senate of the United States a resolution pro- ! viding for the appointment of a com mission of three senators and three members of the House, authorized to sit during recess to devise a plan for reorganizing and enlarging the Agricultural Department. The Sen ator also presented a bill which had already lieen offered in the House, providing for the establishment of a National Hoard of Agriculture, of which the Commissioner of Agriculture shall lie rj-ojJSrto pres ident. We know nothing of the "true inwardness" of these move ments, but are inclined to look up-1 on them with some suspicion. We have nn idea that there's a rat's nest somewhere in that corn-crib. Thei Timtm indulges its vein of grim humor on the subject as follows : The resolution before the House of Representatives, nt Washington, con corning nn investigation of the system and working of the Agricultural bureau seems to contemplate an enlargement of the operations of the depsrtmcnt. I'erhaps this is essential. It is very certain that if that department ia to 1> made useful either it must have its scope enlarged or, better still, must get a cfiief who is big enough for the place. The department was organized some years ago with excellent intentions, but its purposes and real usefulness have generally leen defeated by the ineffi ciency of those who have unfortunately been put in charge of it. The preaent ] Commissioner is one of the worst of the I lot, and it seems as if Congress might sometime conclude that the country , can get along with less nonsense in thin way than it has been compelled to put lup with. As long as Congressman were allowed seeds to distribute to their con , stituents, however, they were solid with the Agricultural bureau ; if they go on a little way with their investigation i they will bring the Commissioner to 1 terms again. Value of Fences. From fh* Uwtxirwlme-fi The Kansas State Hoard of Agri culture estimate* the total value of fencing in that State at the enormous Amount of $'22,058,544. The fence question promises to revolutionize the old system of farming, and the result will be a permanent, division of pasturage and tillage lands. Lnrge fields are to IKS tiic order of the day. Let every fnrrner make a insp of Ids farm and study carefully its topo graphy with a view of economizing Ids lalwr. Figure for himself the amount he could save in labor and gain in land if unnecessary fences were removed. Try a few figures yourself, brother farmer. CULTIVATE thorougly if you wish to reap abundantly. I)o not waste your means, and fritter away your time by raising a crop of noxious weeds with your corn and potatoes. Good Horneii Poor Roads. From Urn Itiirnl N*w Yrk<*r. Now that we have got the country o well railroaded, ih it not time to put Home work, money ami "gump tion" into the building of our high ways upon improved principles, HO that wo may have |tcrmuncnt, smooth level IrackH upon which to draw our loads and drive our nice horses and carriages'( Wo are decidedly of the opinion that our farming towns will find smooth, dry roads, with moder ate grades, worth as much to them in money, to say nothing of pleasure and comfort, as the railroad connec tions lor which they huve been so anxious, and for which many of them have Ik-cii so profusely taxed. No country in the world lias such good driving horses as ours, but, save in our village streets, no country in j Christendom has so few places where they can be driven at a good puce with comfort and safety. And a vil- j luge street is the "wrongest'' place ! of all for rapid driving. Hut, in order to have good roads, we must employ men to plan and su perintend them, who understand the business. This ought not to be ex- j treinety costly at this time. Our scientific schools and colleges have of late turned out a good many grad ates in their civil engineering courses —far more than have been able to lind employment. They ought to be able and willing, and doubtless are, ! to show about home their skill in their business at a moderate compen sation. Give them a chance to do this, and it will encourage others to take up the study. There ought to lie, and would Ik; if they could find business, n competent road builder upon scientific principles in every town in the country. And they ought to be, and would IK-, con tent to serve tbeir fcllow-citir.cns at a price equivalent to what is paid a minister or a teacher in the same community. The work now cx|ciid-j i'd to a poor advantage for want of skillful direction u|>on our highways, j would, when properly "bossed," tnake j them as good again. The saving .in the wear and tear of vehicles ami teams, the larger loads that could be carried and the quicker trips that could lie made, would very much more than pay the cost of skilled di rection. Let the farmers think of tins. It is worth while. It will lead to the most needed and most profit able improvement that can Is? made for the pleasure, comfort and profit of country living. Value of Fodder Corn. Frxm lli Mlnulwof ll* Elmlri linn-r'i HuK Referring to opinions expressed at various times in the Club about the | value of fodder corn, Clerk read an ! extract from published remarks of Professor Arnold, handed him by a gentleman who is himself an author ity in various branches of farming, and au experimenter whose conclu sions are readied with intelligent understanding of circumstances and conditions. The item reads: "Prof. L. B. Arnold recently stat ed that he hail taken the milk of three patrons of a cheese factory, in October, who were feeding nothing hut grass, and the milk of three oth ers who fe| fin* ; OM Hpe k ati'l Id'hli** ai> <|oing r|| - fih* Itaa j—UUI >r a mink 11*4 rangbt tba 44 h* glial; Hot *ha Had not Ug.n to tliink It • bar time to dir. For had bM bar &*•! it WlWfy no >na mnhl aa And Hrvtiight bar I4 Ona old ban haa Another bna Hm-tt. Ton ! Moofit. To raise good tomatoes, says an ex cellent authority, take away a wheel- Imrrow of earth from where each vine is to stand, fill with half soil and half coal ashes snd therein set out the plant. Plants thus treated will bring | out nearly double the fruit of others, and much smoother and larger, in j this soil, though in case of drought the plants require wnter sooner, ami I more of it, than those growing in ! common soil. To OROW nice, long straight horse radish you must set out bits of roots that are sound and straight; put them in the grouad pretty deep, and If watered occasionally ami the soil be rich and mellow, thev will grow into fine long roots. We have al ways set out the refuse lo|>s afler cutting off the roots, and I observe that the main root of such plants is faulty, and not much of it fit for the table. Garden Truck. Take weeds wliilc they are small, and they arc got rid of with little trouble. After a shower—the day following —go all over the bed ; hoe lightly ; move the top of the soil. The show er Israts the earth down ; Just scratch it over, and let it open to the air, so that the sun shall not bake It over and form n crust. Professor Lazeuby, "after numer ous experiments and very careful trials," commends the following as "safe, cheap and effective applica tions" for the cabbage worm—using either, two or three times during the season: 1. A pound of whale-oil soap in about six gallons of water ; 2. A few quarts of tar in a barrel of water. Messrs. J. M. Thorburn A Co., give the Inexperienced a practical hint: "After manuring well such crops as grow above ground (cab bage, peas, etc., also potatoes and like), follow the next year with root crops (carrots, parsnips, etc.), which will not require so much manure. Raising Calves. The fust five months of a calf's life is all there is of it. The calf is made the first five months. The general practice through the Coun try, alter the calf becomes one or two months old, is to turn it out, and there let it fight the flies the whole season. The fanner is very busv. lie may come in late ut night. We work out as long aH the sun will let us, and when we get through, the men are tired, and the calf is for gotten and stunted ; ami after it is stunted, what docs it ever amount to? Never turn your calf out the first year. Keep it in the stable. Then you will have to take care of" it, and then you will find the animal grow ing satisfactorily; and instead of n little yearling, you will have a big, line two-year old. Feed the Little Chickens Separately. As soon as chicks leave the lien, they should have a place to feed un molested. When they have to take their chance with a flock of fowls, they stand a very poor prosjiect of getting w hat they need. This is the time when some chickens will lie left to look out for themselves. A very simple and satisfactory feeding place for chickens may IK? made by taking four pieces of joist, eacli three feet long, ami placing them in a square at the distance of a lath apart; cov er the top and ground enclosed for economy with boards, and the chick ens can feed in safety. The Tanner as a Pillow of the Govern ment, rrtifu C -fTcs;—o4 nt ilu* l u<]man. It is not enough that the young farmer lie content to plow, to sow and to reap. In this land each man, rich or poor, bright or dull, learned or unlearned is a pillar of the gov ernment. The stronger the pillar the stronger the government. The more intelligent, liberal minded and public spirited the man, the stronger the pillar. Titoi'UiiT and nclion, not action and then thought; nor again thought without action, or action without thought. It is the thinking and act ing fanner who makes the most money during the hard times, and not the toiling farmer. Toil de grades ; work, combined with tho't, ennobles. LIME acts a* a manuring substance direcUy, by supplying one of tbe larg er constituents of plants, and indirrrt hi as nn agent to assist in evolving from the organic and vegetable mat ter contained in the soil the various salt-a and acids requisite to a vigor ous and healthy growth. T fern** *t *AfI? *vn. And rhlrmpa H* t*m ** b' 4Hvm *fi*M, Pr*|*Aing the lAftort of the Massa chusetts Agricultural College seems to Mr. Olcott like taxing rumaeilera for the IH-neflt of orphan asylums. THE practice of feoding several calves in one stall ought never to be tolerated, as the best feeders will IK? likely to much, while those that arc more slow scarcely get any. Tiik experiment of sending farm era to the British Parliament has been tried with such success that more arc wanted. WHEN the agriculture of a nation declines, you may expect to see tbe "hand writing on the wall," for her doom is sealed. MOITTV VI! POULTRY YARDS, WILL spare a limited numlier of V V Kllinc* frnrnrWrdro U*t.l Hi.l,ma. 11,.,,,t0n., V**" 1-gkrno. P( LTAKM. P-daada. Ikunlnlqwto, Hamburg. SonUMM. Tnrk.ya and Dwka. flrraUr aont far Addrn*. GEO. O. BROWN, SMMkaawrtu*, Ms. J JARDWARK. WILHON, McFATtL AN E fe CO.* DEALERS IN STOVES ANI) RANGES, PAINTS, OILR, GLASS, RAKES, FORKS, CRADLES &o SCYTHES. HOLE AGENTS POK TOI INHON 'S 1< AT,HOMI TV K. ALtywpv tnm, H - - . BtreM' stocx. . ■ . . RKtcsrorrx. FA. 'JMIK CENTRE DEMOCRAT BOOK and JOB OFFICE rush house block, HKLLKFONTB, PA., ts sow orrr.kixq (i RE AT INI) UCEM KN T 8 TO TUOSS W mil ISO ri UKI.tM Plain or Fancy Printing. Wo huve untMuul farilitica for priulii g LAW BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, CATALOGUES, PROGRAMMES, .STATEMENTS, CIRCULARS, BILL IIKADS, NOTE lIKADH, BUSINESS CARDS, INVITATION CARDS, CARTES IJE VI9JTI, CARDS ON ENVELOPES, ANI) ALL KINDS OF BLANKS. tKif Priming done in the brat ntvln, on •hort notice and at the lowral mt/- AoST 1 'rdrrt by mail will receive prompt attention. SKWI.MMKK TIIS rLACE I CENTRE DEMOCRAT OFFICE, liuth limit* liloek, til Oil STREET. SEM.EFoXTE, PA. PATENTS AND TBADL-^AUKS. We pmrr Until firm et lttnnti No *rteni!i 9 r.s mat t|if |q j.li-for I*tYr *r '*♦ I rOtrvJ ftttei P|w |h!etfMirs Chn Uef>*+ >,s* ftftra, and at) litigali haj i-ertAir.iuf \m. ft,r W U ......i,l, ,A l,r c . KrcUUtl.*. |I4i.M I't n. *.rl l. l | Mniiltr ■ n.| tn.ii*,. || rmhlw fnll Inn <4 nil 4J1..M hl.aU. .n SA **•<• • ,*•*. |.M u*nl r,.* hiS M vni ulirea Hi pwtnl 4 os % 'tsarrfpti'ii nf ytmt litsnlmß. fitlni rw lo Fat-rca. BUmt IK* Patrat Lav*. Tttods Mbili*. th'-tr (nU, Ic, om r ET GREAT REDUCTION. ECONOMY 18 WEALTH. Ths uual f?0 Mackisai rsdutd te only $25. 11.50 PER WEEK! Horae it Wligntl I-'ren t .\glo, "THE FAMILY" SHUTTLE COfi SEWING MGW MACHINE. M nnt*4 aptnt Sao pnlMiot m n||o4 Mark-oralaal Lip UMo anS irnaSio. i- mpl-t* aoH a ■ tann m traxT tbo noait .If. or ."amotr*.. thai mil 4r. tko n.*k of a family f.4 a Hfo-tlma. or It mil aar* from It to Si |t Say fm any nno ah.. *a t<. oon for a llrlnt.oi.4 i.ata l*a. 1 1.an >tu rat raiea nf any no ma-hlnaa <4 liko quatii r llaooitra !<*. U>ro-Moo,l SWnitlo.oMlly rorrn.ootl R tra lair*olr-.i 1k.144aa. kl4m l'i yank "f tkrornl. 4..1ng n*ay Hk tko fr*.,a*t>t roalmtlng of I-444M |i makoa tko ohaiu*. 4.*l4ath>m4. took, atlto*. itk* aawo an latk ot4oo of tko otk . akt-k ro*i*o4 ISo aionaoo .a mo al tk. tOoit.antol TWa Sn.at.nir4 mol looting otltrk *r*o a,4r4. It la kallt lor atrooigtti an t enrataat bars work lal*r ilMgi.M. nttlr, |tla Monnfa. i0.n.1 <4 Sna pn|. taW*ol o'o* I Writ ran tor yaart rrittmai rrfatrr. la rrmpto laorn.oaoy to aianago, an4*ana4 porforllr la an knar, 00.l al.ayo r.on. la a mornoat to Sa or*,, Storrlptl.o, nf h*my or Sna nark at lam mat. an toMly. ormotwiy aa4 faatar. anS oitk torn taWar at tranWto lhaa any otWrr marWlaaa. r any ra Km. orn 414 at ran So. It will o*a anylklng a noorllo nan pleno, fh lan* on nanrkrtn to Wonra < totW at Virann. ■IIW any kln4 ..f tkrowd. o4 ran < -e-trSStonS, rotmllt nn4 rwSntoWoS rnnrWlsM.or tk.wa wiling oattM Btoak * netry mnW lakrtor 4 oMwtyU Wtnft oll*f*.| aa now al r.t.tot p.i*a Soenra of Iratutlonr a*4 Mly bay BOW nuorklnm toawaw ns —w Srot nUoa araaklaoo otoa*4 no to. to tbo "Fanrllr." by moor 4.4lara J.S*r* '■■*>* bwoba. awllnS krr wttk ontov4*t af Work. OunSatMsMai krij part nf tba ownntra. an awttor ■" ka,an4 aafo Solio.r, guar. aalooS, wloW prtollogo .4 • tn.auHwa mailttM boAara fnraoowt of Uh. r wn rtotopf of prtoo by imiot, imiot, M.or orrtor. orlkVl ' **■" tkmagkoat IWo anwnby Ww Ikta tWo nWanptot, mat aaUotortor, anS rrfHeWu nwtiotoa In IWo war Id. r.w likoral taomo, a-Mma FAMILY SHeVTLB MAf IIIKR C Mf TM Broadway, Maw Tk TOKLLEPONTK A KNOW SHOE * , gr * K--Tl*—Tal.l. la HI-,! OB aa4 Im< ft-liTa? T S " 4 ' ■"•***•• ,s Mlifcib 11 Apt >0 *" " , arrla—al L'R*B B0< "" J " '• " ' Ml.foaU -- Mlefaato A.t'. r at , gb,,. "* DANIEL KIIOAIM, i tieoara, Huj.rllit„.ltit BALD eagle valley bail. K'lAD.—-Tim-Tat.)., Pmmblw 31, 1*77 . ** MU "!!! tUl'llp Kij, Mall. I! 04 * lO Arrla. at Tarona !>•> 7 il* a ' : ' '® *•• tall Tpruaa U. 7 is * :J IZ " * " *• - ... 7IV t1 IS ? " "-'• " ~7 33 ft 47 j. 34 I, 40 Hat*bah " ... 734 t, (VI Il£ 4 'J " Mut Matilda „741 Vlt u ** .a..., Mb'tl.a " 7 Ll2 (l '* I 708 410 - J ll!u „ - I• J! ;4 SB 4St " I n inn, 1)1. M aj| v 4 ' I*" 4 S _ Mll-baaa* " „lit •St 'i 4 *J 4 . Is- in,,Ota •• ... a Jo HI • :fl 1r; J Mll~la, - ... 11l HI, *!f ♦'* Ourtln - ... a r., jo y, 4,u —• " M—at Karl* " ... v lai i0 f.3 J* !J! *•*' - ... v it. M a > ? _ Ml " • " —•3411 10 A£9 3 Jr 1! 14 534 134 ..... " Lvk ilnni " „||jJ) j| PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. ■ —'Mitla4.lj.lila a4 En* Wti*i<,bi—Ob and all.r I—art* r I*. u:; * KM * * k li. EIIIE MAIL It,,— i't.i ..'l-1jAiia......... „ J] V, j, in i Z Z 2.V Tl * U "— 434a in * Il l—opart . m b" k "**"*- - V 4" atn It.i.i,to Mi !A a an arrt.n. at En. I a aa XIAOARAUHBV laaiaa P1,11.4.1jA1a.. 7Aa a, " llnt*ar|.. . Mi a.a in " WOltMßapart. 3 18. j. a. arrt.M al Ri->.ia- 4 4u j, m I'aa-ni.j.ra kj tin. tiaio arr. la Rrtl fuata at 4 34 t in PAKT Llll Lain. Plltla4llt>lla jj ti t tfl I" 11.rri.1n.*.................. 334 i. in - R'llllata.iaurt 7V,, , " arm— at l/or* lla.-o I ftij, n RAATWARII. PACIFIC EXIKKM lata 1,, ft IU—• 4b a la " Wllilarn.j-.rt 7 M a to " arrt'-a at llarrt.t-ar* II 44 a m " IllW'iWplik 3 44 t- m ItAT Hl'RAff laata Riano... ...„. |o Jo , m " '''"k Hataa || j.,a * llllau.ajK.rt 13 40 a m " ami" at ll*rr.t.rj 4 J . I n Milla.lHj..ia ' *> it m ERIE MAIL Inat-a K-t,..., j 3'. j, ta " Lwk llaraai V A- f . j. o. •• W.lltaawtnrt 13 a j, m " mil" at llanvt 3 44 a m " I'l.ila4> 7uba in 'AIT LIKE la" Wiliumai-irt 13 31. an arrltiaat H.rrtaUorß. , 3 ft. a m " FfclladaljAila 734 an '•t. ball Wat, xtacara lijmn Wat, Uvft Uat.a Am mnadal. n Wat aaal Jiaj J.l|.ia Eaal. aaaft. HM..aaati.Mal altft L ABU. R. IraiM f"f Wlllwlarr. ai.d ftrraut-a R*l. Mail Wat. Xtacara Eij.naa Wnat, aaxl En. Eioraa. Wal,aa4 Lank llat-o A.od, Millinery Good*, Clothing, Fancy Good*, Notion*, Ac. BOOTS and SBOKS IKK ITS and HUOKS at Tory low price*. BOOTS and BUOBS lIATS and CAPS Latet stylo* of HATS and CAPS lIATS and CAPS Cirjel Bag*, Umbrella*, P*ra*l*, Ladtae' Cloak*, Carpeting, Oroeerie*, tjixewwware, Ac. (vajaian t .raay tAlar tlaal c*a ha Raad la • Aral, rtaaa atava. IIAKPEH ItItOTIIEKH, RPRINO PTREET, BEU.EPOXTR PA. OfMJXTRT PRont CE taftaa la nakaM* a* ■*>• kl*k-M marft-t jafta. Mj at eraa, Prx. 3. r a4nn . rw* r. PIUST NATIONAL BANK OP i RELi.tmxrit. All-*K—J ,r—v kMMaI.. Pa. Alt pENTRK COUNTY BANKING \J MPAXT. Nj . OaM aa4 IWaaM, he A. Ptarkft, Pr—44—t _£••****. CaafcAa*. Atf T>ROCKKRIIOFF HOUSE. Ii PA HOUSRAL A TKLLKR, Proprietor*. ' Wotad flrngk Bnm o #Vat Floor. By Flat let IP aat ttom all Tmtaa nparlaf raiaa I \altaaaaaa a*4 ,oaa. Mg