Centre Democrat. (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, May 08, 1879, Image 6
®Jt tfnvtn: II E LLBFON TK, 1* A. HKWS, FACTS ANI> HUtHIKSTIONS. Tits rur or TH SATIOSAL WMRASS T TUS ISTILU U>K(-1 ASD PBOM'i.RITf Of Till VASaiS. Every farmer in his annual expertence discovers something of value. Write it and send it to the "Agricultural Editor of the DEMOCRAT, lletlefante, Penn'ii," that other farmers may hare the benefit of it. Let communications be timety, and be sure that they are brief and well /minted. "WHERE to strike an attacking dog" is elaborately discussed by one of our exchanges. We don't care where, but in the interest of sheep owners, we counsel striking very hard. THERE seems to be no room left for doubt that the cattle plague not only exists within our State, hut that it is spreading rapidly. We again urge our readers to take precaution ary measures, among which none w ill prove more elileaeious than ab solute cleanliness and a free use of carbolic acid. A coTEMi'oUAKY, in giving hints for rainy days, advises cleaning up tools on such occasions. We lcg to dis agree. Never put away your tool* ilirly. Clean them when you are done with them, whether it rains or shines, then be pure to jtut (hem in their place at oner. These two points, carefully attended to, will go far toward mak ing farming pay. WE ARE indebted to Commissioner Lc Due for a copy of his report on Sheep Husbandry in the United States, furnished" to the Senate in compliance with a resolution passed in June last. It is quite voluminous, i covering one hundred and thirty I pages. One of the most suggestive things we have noticed in the cursory examination we have been able to give it, is the universal complaint of dogs by sheep growers. Tabulated statements of correspondents are given, showing the loss of over a half million sheep annually, killed by the worthless curs which roam the coun try unchallenged and undisturbed. IN THE third and fourth weeks ' of last month we harrowed al>out fifty acres of wheat thoroughly, sow ing the cloversecd by band, immedi ately behind the barrow. Wc be- ' licve it would be better and cheaper to have some implement constructed especially, working lictwcen the drill- j rows of wheat, ami sowing the seed at the same time, but having nothing of this kind we used the means at 1 hand. One of our harrows was a large, heavy one, with sharp teeth, and gave the ground a pretty effect ual scratching. The other was a Thomas smoothing harrow, hcavily weighted with chains, and on account 1 of its round teeth, the work was not quite so effective. Last year's ex periment of tlic same sort was entire ly satisfactory, resulting in a mark et! increase in the wheat crop and a splendid "catch" of clover. If this should do as well, we shall be fully established in the practice. Now that "grass has come again" nnd the cows are getting a taste of pasture, we presume that the old fashioned butter makers who yut ob ject to the artificial coloring of butter j will rejoice in the return of the "gen uine dandelion tint" to their week ly churning*. Well, we rejoice witli them, but not nearly so heartily as we would if it were not quite possi ble to have the "dandelion tint" all the year round, by the judicious and proper use of a good coloring mater- j ial. We are not of those who fear to "improve upon nature" by the exer cise of a little "art," and we have no hesitation whatever in using nnd ad- ' vocating the use of artificial color for butter, when the dried—and j therefore artificial—food of winter robe it of its "natural" June tint. Of course, there are objectionable coloring materials, and some of those which arc least so, grated carrots, for Instance, nre troublesome to use. Our own preference is for the "Per fected Butter Color" of Wells, Itich ardson A Co., Burlington, Vt It is pnre, odorless and tasteless, very shcap, and very effective, giving win r butter, made from cornstalks, and laturally very white and "lardy" in ippenrnnce, the fine, rich, golden col >r of first quality June butter. We ise it ourselves, and commend its , ise to others. Tarui Buildings. Perhaps no otlicr class of build ings in the world nre put up with more care, in porportlon to their cost, us to substantiality and permanence, than the barns,milk houses, Ac., of the well to do fanner, and yet they lire, as a rule inconvenient, often badly located, and too frequently but illy adnpted to the purposes for which they were designed. And this, per haps, is not to lie wondered tit. The work of the praotieal farmer leaves } him but little time to devote to the 1 study of building plans, and his life of manual labor is not calculated to develop whatever of the architect there may possibly be in him. And jon the other hand those who make the study of architecture and the erection of buildings their life work, ! have no practical knowledge of the requirements of farm buildings. In | other words it is seldom that the successful and intelligent architect is found in the person of the progres sive, go-ahead, live farmer, and it would seem that this combination is required to plan perfect farm build | ings. That there arc such men is proven by the number of really good farm buildings to be found through out the country, but they arc so few ! us to constitute only the exceptions which prove the rule. This is one of the many things in life in which thought, skill and experience will tell with great effect, and make a given expenditure of money produce greatly better results. We have lieen led to jx:n these re flections by reading a couple of cir ; eular descriptions of plans of a mod el milk house and model farm stable, j by Prof. J. Wilkinson, the veteran ! rural architect and ventilating engi i ncer, of Ilavurd, 111. Prof. W. is an old farmer, and an agricultural writ ; or, editor and architect of an exjiori | ence of much more than an average life time. The plan, of course, we have not seen, as Mr. Wilkinson sells them, making this a part of his busi ness, but the circulars describing them embrace much that is new and ' novel, and Indicate that the perma | nent objects sought by the plans arc usefulness and economy iu the fullest possible degree. Ify sending ten cents to Prof. W. either circular may be obtained, ami the matter in ! them will !>e found worth many times i the cost, whether one desires, to build . either of the structures or not. Their I length forbids their reproduction in the DEMOCRAT, bat their cost is small, and we particularly advise all who | contemplate building nt any future ' time to send for them. Betting out Trees. Now that the season for trans planting fruit trees is upon us, we give the following good practical di rections furnished by P. Barry of the Mount Hope Nurseries, to the 110, , eheetrr Democrat : The -V'd for Fruit Tree*.-—The avrrapr I soil to lie found in the garden of any j part of our city, is good enough in its natural state. All it needs is good deep j plowing or spading, to fit it for the • trses. _ It must be free from stagnant water. j No one would think of |*riniiting the garden which surrounds his dwelling to remain a swamp. For health's sake the drainage must be perfect. The health of fruit trees requires this too. How to Plant. —lnexperienced persons aro very apt to make a great fuss the planting of a tree, or they will run i to tho other extreme and cram it into the ground as they would a bean pole, j Very common error* are planting too deeply and applying manuro around ihe roots. No manure is needed at ! time of planting—wsit till the tree get* to growing and then apply the manure, ! if needed, on the surface of the ground over the roots. Dig a hole large enough and deep enough to receive the roots ; spread out in their natural way, and so that the tree will stand no deeper in the ground than it did in the nursery j then fill in good surface earth among the roots carefully, filling eveiy space. When the spaces are all filled and the roots covered, then begin to pack tho earth a* it goes in, and keep packing firmly till the work is complete. To the er ror* I have already mentioned—deep planting and manure at the roots—l will add tho other—loose planting, which is very general and very fatal. Do not be afraid of making the earth too firm about the roots. The lite of Water in Planting. —lt is very common to pour water around the roots of a tree at planting without slop > ing to inquire why. Unless the soil is extremely dry, in the spring, and the tree liaa already commenced to grow, water does more harm than good. And right here it may as well be said, if dry i weather ensue* after planting so as to effect the tree, do not sprinkle every | day, but remove two inches of the tur- 1 face over the roots and pour on water enough to go clear down to the lowest i roots—replace the earth and mulch with a little hay, or graas, or straw, or tsn bark, or something to prevent rapid i evaporation. Hcldom will any more ! water lie needed. What kind of Trees to Plant. —Most poo ( | pie want largo I roe*, must have large j trees ; when tho planting liumor coni.-s , ! patience seems to be lout —must have trees that will boar right away. Look ' i ing at trees jusl of the proper size they ' will exclaim "Who could wait for such ( i whips to hour?" "We all may be in our ' ! graves before that time." True enough, there may bo exceptional case* when a few large trees, removed and planted wiih extraordinary care, may be a suc cess, but in a general way tho trees that plant most successfully and thrive best after p anting and ultimately make the most healthy, productive and long lived trees, are those transplanted ' young—say apples three to four years, I cherries two years, peaches one year. The age means the growth of bud or' graft, end has no reference to the age <.l | the slock grafted or budded upon. The ' | older the tree the greater the check in . transplanting, and this is why the young ! trees will overtake slid pass the oidei and larger tree in the race of growth. Ibit whatever may he in the age, size j or character of your tree look well to its I roots. Have them all, or as many of them us may be possible, preserved from mutilation or mjuiy of any kind and protect tb,-iu from the air, m that they will not be dried to death before you gel them in the ground. I see peo pie t very year handling tree* as if they were dty l-rti-h. and it should b< an in dietable otic live, tl'/i it skill Pruning it' tht HIIU of T i pi info. fhi- i, amo ted qui UOtl, I 'lt long experience shows that whatever theory may teach, it is safe to hoi ten hack the branches at time of planting: ; tins by reducing the number ot leu I , bllds, and consequently leaves, reduei - ! their ernporting power while th" tree , is forming new roots and getting u - I . to its new borne, A good rule, as far as we can niiike a rule, is to cut back tin I voting shoots two or three buds "t the base and where shoots are too close cut out some of them altogether. 0M Jir irt R htuto IVMN Planted 1 I —Tin* average distances may be given a* follow: .•standard tree- -Apples ,'i(J j feet, pear* and cherries it) leet, the ' smaller class of cherries will do very well nt 15 to IK feot: plum*, poaches, apricots and nectarine* l' to 18 feel, quinces 10 I'd feet. Dwarf tree* —Ap- ' pies on paradise stock six feet apart, and nothing in lire whole range of fruit culture is tuoro interesting tlian these miniature apple trees, three or lour feet in height and tin* name in diameter, whether in blossom or fruit. l'?rs, cherries and plums 10 to 12 feet. Current*, gooseberries and ra-p berries three to four feet. These dis tO0 can of course bfc. .varied to Mtit circumstances. W: HAVE for some days past l>een giving the South Bend I'low the •'further tests" which we promised two weeks ago, and are confirmed in our good opinion of it. For all pur poses for which a plow is intended it seems practically perfect, and does its work in the best possible manner. Indeed, it would seem ditllcult to do poor work with it—at least it affords a man less excuse for slovenly plow ing than any other we have ever tried. Of course we do not mean that it will comjwnsate for lack of judgment or experience, or for any of the other deficiencies of a poor plowman. It will not regulate itself, nor hitch up its own team, nor set • the stakes by which to strike a j "straight ridge," any more than it . will milk the cows or feed the pigs; , and the man who buys one as a pan acea for all the ills to which farmer flesh is heir, either in body, mind or pocket, or as a curc-nll for poor farm ing, w ill probably find himsclfin error. What we do mean is, that with the same skill, experience and judgment, this plow will do lwtter work, ami j more of it, and with less hard lalor of man and team, tlinn any other ) wo have ever used. When pro|>erlv ; regulated—and the facilities for reg ulating it are excellent—it will cut a furrow of uniform width and depth, almost without holding. We cannot, as yet, speak as to its durability and wearing qualifications, but from what we have seen believe them to be . equal to the licst, and will make fur ther report upon this point. Mr. W. 11. YKOMANS, writing of , the practice of harrowing potatoes just al>out the time the young sprouts appear above ground, relates the fol lowing experience in The (bnncctieut Farmer , showing that there is a risk unless the conditions are favorable : i Some few years since a field was treat ed in this way, when the soil was res I son ably moist, and with the exception of destroying a few hills the operation was very successful, killing the weeds | 1 and assisting in smoothing the surface, j 1 |On another occasion however, snot Iter i field was similarly treated but with this I difference, that in the second case the Muring was very dry from the time of planting, and consequently tho soil was very dry j the young plants were just 1 beginning to grow themselves, and on < account of the disturbance of the young plants, together with the extreme heat of the soil, a large number of the po : tatoes were entirely killed—dried up, or burned to death. Thus it appears ; that in that case tho use of the harrow was a case of treatment too heroic for | the potatoes. If )*ou wnnt poor crops, give the i corn-ground a lick and n promise and ' you will be successful. I, Borers iu Apple Trees. Now is (i koo<l time, auys a writer in the 11 rut Nun, to cut out these pests where they have not been at tended to. A few days ngo 1 went over tin or chart I that hits fallen into my hands, and in one day's work think many | valuable trees have been saved. As many as live full grown borers were cut out of one tree live inches in di ameter. In some instances these were found running up the trunk six inches, and not over an inch apart j parallel. It takes very close search ing some times to find them. Some times a thin wire can lie used with good effect, when the knife and chisel can hardly reach them. In quite a ! number of instances I found that the spotted woodpecker had done tlie work for me. They seetn to know just where to find thctn when above ground, and rarely fail to bring tliein out. They need not jx-ek a large place at all limes, as their hard point ed, barbed tongue can be inserted and haul them out. it should lie a rule among all to let these useful birds live undisturbed. They are tame, and boys are prone to stone tliein, or, when beginning to shoot, practice on the poor I'i-Uitws. W in ii a tree is completely girdled by the borer or mice, it can often be saved by taking twigs of last year's growth, culling wedge shape at both ends, and inserting iu the bark be low and above the injury, thus con veying the sap through them. Thus , have we saved many a valuable tree that would otherwise not have sur vived the summer. After cutting out borers (ill up with earth over the , wound, and they will heal up if not too severe. Bpring Chickens. 11, lit. A M IVk-.T. The Is -t way to overcome the gape trouble is to have clean, comfortable coops, place them on ground not re cently (S'cupied by chickens, and at some distance from such ground. The edge of a corn-field or |*>Uito field, or a piece of timber —if it lie not 100 far from the buildings—is a good place to pnt tin m. Coops must Is- kept clean by removing them u short distance each day and sprint-1 ling them and their immediate sur roundings with coal oil or diluted carbolic acid. A few drops of coal oil may l>c mixed in their feed once a day, and a morsel ol gum cninphor pot iu their drinking water once a day. These precautions will serve j as a protection and will not injure , the chicks. Ordinary hen lice do not produce the ga|c worm, as some Bceui to think; but they must Ik- kept oil the chicks. A small quantity of carbolic acid mixed with incited lard and rublx-d on the brood ben and the chicks when they art- first put out in the coop, and once a fortnight after- j wards, w ill destroy lice and not injure the chicks. Keep the chicks and their coops clean, spade or plough all ] the ground to which they have ac cess, use coal oil and carbolic acid as directed, feed with judgment, keep the chirks out of the wet, and the g.-ipes will not be very formidable. Seasonable Buggeition*. A few quarts of soaked corn scat tered every few days until the grow- : I ing crop is 100 large for the crows ■ to pull, is a better and cheaper pro tection than any scarecrow ; and it enoourages the crows to visit tin field to hunt for worms, grubs, and j noxious insects later in the season.j If all of our ihsectivorousbirds were j encouraged to visit the grnin fields | and orcliards, there would be less oc casion to fight insect |x-sts by more | expensive methods. ■ If we should give tables of differ- j cnoes as between inferior seed, com mon seed, good seed, and superior j | seed, our figures could scarcely be considered as trustworthy, such a dillercncc iu crop would be shown. A correspondent says that no bird, j rat, or mouse will eat any vegetable i sulistanec that is well coated with red lead. He says he justdnm|s the seeds, and then stirs a little of the lead among them until they get quite red. How many of our young readers who have comforted themselves with apples nil Winter ever observed which end of the seed points toward the stem ? Shear your sheep at the season when you shed your coat for the sea son. Then be careful that some smart "traveling agent" docs not pnll the wool over your eyes and shear you. Kggs hatch much better if the nests arc made by placing a cut turf and a shovel of mould sand, or ashes in the box or basket, and on tbis a little straw, than if straw only is used. No field should be ploughed deeper than the average depth of tlie sod, except by the suhsoilcr. -Vcr A tlvrrtinrnirnlH. U X 2 POULTRY YARDS, \VILL spare a limited number of Mlllri*# (r.oa rholra 1.1,1,1 Rr,ha>. 11.,M0n0, UfW*a. SULTANS, r. laart., Il.mhnr,., SanUma. T.irk.y. ..) Dark* (IrraUr aa*l for •lamp. AAAraa* oko. O. BROWN, 17 ~*' lAwiiuitnu, M. | J ARIMVARE, WILSON, McFAItLAN K & CO.' DEALKKH IN STOVES AND RANGES, PAINTS, OILS, (JLASS, HAKES, FORKS, CBADLES &c SCYTHES. SOLE AGENTS FOR .1 () I rNSON'S I< AI #KO M I IS" VI. AtUMBTTW—f, . . . . murmur*. . . . . r |MIE CENTRE DEMOCRAT ROOK and JOB OFFICE RUSH HOUSE RLOOK, RKLLKFONTE, IA., IH KUW orrKitiNu GRE A T IN J) UCKM EN T S TO TUONK W I*ll ISO HHBT-CLAAA Plain or Fancy Printing. < hiivo uritn-ual fui iliti- <• for jriiiling LAW ROOKS, I'A M I'll LETS, CATALOGUES, I'KOUHAM MES, STATEMENTS, CIRCULARS, RILL lIKADH, NOTE HEADS, BUSINESS CARDS, INVITATION CARDS, CARTES UK VISITE, CARDS ON ENVELOPES, AND ALL KINDS OF RLANKS. ftoT Printing d< no in tho !>oi stylo, on •hort nolle*- and at the lowot raU*. ter Ordcn by mail will receive prompt attention. HJttIEMIIKR ma FLACSI CENTRE DEMOCRAT OFFICE, Jlukh //•xue MocJk, niGII JTRKKT, BKt.LKFOJVfE, PA. PATETTTS a an T n -A- 7C XZ - A. K K 3. W. pra,u-. Larrr#. r.r*t ... litnnm N- Irr mi up i in >r|ilt'Ui i. 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N<*l. i **-al#, TraA. Mwkt, tin 11 mata, Ar., *a*t In. ih rm, 1,1.1 ADDEESSi R. 8. 4 A. P. LAOEY, PATENT ATTORNEYS, No. COI P Mrwt, Wamiimoton, I). C., N --ar 1, p.i, nl oiv. Arrears of Pay, Bounty and Pensions. *• ln itiarr* ,4 U.trr. tJ tl.#ka. far |.r— alt. ... t all ft. i4i.t .1 lain... i>, Iktint, oat P.l.*.a* A.. a, •. nnl— j •urrnaaful. on,|* A* r.iaia 1. .1.4. •I.iml'l I. -n| I > mi a p LAcmr. GREAT REDUCTION. ECONOMY 18 WEALTH. 7h tutul $7O Macliisei redtrod to erly t2S. 11.50 PER WEEK. 1 Hr*p X Wiiunn l-'raa •> Agpnu, "THE FAMILY" SHUTTLE SEWING MACHINE, I M aal-l apon fta, p IW.M n, <aU4 l.lar A-valaal Uh lalJ. .-.I Html 1.. rt.mpl.l, llh ■ l IH.ii i. I tif nmn# than ar "llwr mar-1.1n,. ami K.t.i'H • | <jlj Ml Ka>A m.i-hlD# iVvcuhl, UHWM atil, W.irr., m t.t tin (,a At. IH™ K.j i ,1, 4.1 rau 1 "* .tr t r.fitn.l-i at <<rto. 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BROTH EltS, frniNo KTtErr. . . rri.lkfvntk PA. OOCXTET PE'iIH CE lakes la .tdutaf* at lh. BMrkH prv*. |.|( * a at an. Pre.'!. 1. p. ai.UB. (Mt'r. NATIONAL BANK OF 1 HKI.I tFiiSTt Allechrnr *ttr.t, Iwllrß nt.. Pa. 4-lf pBNTRB COUNTY BANKING V> IXIMPAXT. !t*l lUpn.lt. Aa4 Attn* himt, DWrnaat *Mn; "} *B4 Ml Oot. awaiHln. 41044 aa4 (Vapna*. Jtaia A. Eat ma, Pii.Hiah J. 0. Eaeaaat nekle. *-*f I>ROCKKRMOFF HOUBK, I BEhLBfOXTR. PA. HOUSE A L A TELLER, Propria tora. Good Snmple Room <M Rf< Floor, , EWPm* H..M IB aed r>x*a all trala*. Ipmial 4lm tkiiMamu4jtmn. 1-ly