®Jw (Crutrf jDfracnat. II K I, LKFO NT K , 1' A . Or jr. i c xj x_, rr -cr jr. jlj. NEWS, FACTS ANI) HUFIO RATIONS. TH TT ar Till SATIOXAI. W (LI-ASK 1, Till I3ISLU OKSrK SD rStMt'FSITV or THK (ASUSR. Every farmer in Ait annual e.r/tcrtCHee discovers s imrthir.g of value. ll'rite it anil send it In Ike "Agricultural Editor if tke DgMOCHAT, llellefonte, I'cnn'u," that other farmere may hare the benefit if it. t.et eommuniratiomi be timely, and be sure that they arc brief ami irell'/iointed. Prior. COOK, of New Jersey, who was one of the Commissioners to the Paris Exposition, improved the op portunity to examine into the present state of agriculture and agricultural teaching in various parts of Europe. Among other interesting things, he tells us that in England "the prizes for the.best managed farms in the country for the last two years have been taken by men who studied" at the Albert National Agricultural Training Institution. This is en couraging to the advocates of special an 1 thorough agricultural education. A Sl'RixcimU) paper tells of a "farmer-miller" who purchase*! all the corn cobs he could get at one or two dollars per hundred bushels, and ground them as fine as possible. There was "no corn on the cob worth mentioning, and there was no other grain mixed with the cobs in grind ing or otherwise." Up to this point we have no difficulty whatever in be lieving the story. In fact, it seems altogether probable, and we presume that no one who purchases "choj>- feed" will entertain a doubt on the subject. Hut when we arc asked to believe what this same story goes on to say, namely, that this same meal, made from these same cobs, was by this same miller "/■*t of them failed to grow I ploughed up the bed, thus losing my money, labor and a year's time. Mad a somewhat simi lar experience with a few hundred new and expensive raspberries. Home years ago a neighbor (against my advice) or dered through a travelling agent over thirty dollars' worth of choioe varieties of shade trees with which to beautify hia lawn. After they anived heinviUd me to come and look at thpro, and a forlorn sight they were. They had been pulled like weeds and crammed into a DOX, many of the limbs broken and the roots dried out.. The result was he threw them away. My advice had been for him to go and personally select his trees and see them dug and packed, even if it cost considerably more. It certainly would have been the cheapest in th end. During the packing season nurserymen hire many extra hands who in some instances know nothing about trees and care nothing beyond getting their daily wages. Hut it sc-ems to me that this does not excuse them fbr "ending out stock improperly dug and packed. An excellent way to avoid the evil* j complained of by Mr. Hcckmntt in to procure your trees of nurserymen near home, and in nddition to that you will get trees and plants adapted to your own climate. Any Centre county planter who will give Win. Fisher, of Unionville, the go-by and* send abroad for nursery stock, de serves to be scorched a little. A Little Farm Well Tilled. Ilnrry Ledgwick, of Cornwall Hollow, Conn., contributes the fol lowing to the Tribune, and we copy it entire ns an illustration of "How to make Farming I*ay." In these days of hard time* it i* re freshing to Hud one farmer who is mak ing his business a success, ami is enthu siastic over it. It is also interesting to note that farming in New England i* not played out, but that in favorable locations it pays, if managed rightly, a well as it ever did. This reflection was suggested by a visit to Mr. C. 11. Cables, in the Naugutuck Valley, who has a farm of twenty-three acres, favorably situated near a thrifty manufacturing town. It has a warm southern expos ure, well sheltered from cold winds. The soil, except some six or eight acres of bottom land which has been well drained, is what wo would rail a gravel ly loam that does not hold manure or grass well. Tho farm is devoted mainly to the production of milk, which is sold in the neighboring village for six cents per quart, but in connection with this quite a largo quanity of early vegeta bles, such as lettuce, cabbage plants, etc., arc turned off. There is also near ly an acre of strawberries raised, and about the same of cabbage. By soiling his cows, not letting them run at all, and by a proper rotation of green crops, Mr. is enabled to milk seventeen cows, and this Winter, besides these, he has also six head of young stock and two horses, and expects to have hay enough, all raised on the place. The rotation for soiling is as follows : First, rye, about an aero with clover; seeded with clover; then green oats, clover, and lastly corn fodder. About half the farm is taken up with these, leaving the remainder from which to rut hav. By keeping the rows up, Mr. C. in rn nbled to make an immense quantity of manure, which is composted, nnd the liquid manure—when is carried into a cistern—is pumped over it; what this compost does not absorb runs back into the cistern. This manure is usedabund anlly, not only on the crops but as a top dressing on the meadows, which pro mowed two or three times each year, and yield from two to three tons of hay per acre. The buildings are so situated that the fall of ground carries the li quid manure through a pipe, which it so a hose attached, and the manure is dis tributed by gravitation. This liquid is used rooro particularly in the cold frames and bobbed* to force the growth iof the lettuce and early plants. The i buildings on the place are very conven -1 ient in which to do work and save la | hor. The cows have running water he fore them all the while, and are only let out occasionally an hour or more at ; a time. Mr C. finds he can make more milk from animals kept this way than by letting them run, even with all they want to eat. Now for results; In the sales of milk, vegetables, plants, etc., Mr. Cables turns ofl from this (dace from ♦J,SOU to *.1.1)00 per year. II- does #ll his work with one min, hired by the vear, and one for the Summer, includ ing peddling the milk, nn I has leisure Ito reail and observe. The gross income of these twenty three acres per year is I often as high as sl2."i per acre, anil the net profit for some time has exceeded SI.(MJO per year. All this on a small farm, well tilled, having a good market. Mere are facts for our average Connecli i cut farmers to lay to heart. Jo not till too much land, and do it thoroughly, and raise what our loeal market de mands. Most of our efforts are s| ent ion too much land, I am convinced.— | [lf. S. Hautboy Hill Farm. Conn. Planning Work in Advance. Frm th* F*rm#r. It is of importance to plan out the spring work, so that with the owning of the season you shall know just what fields you wish ploughed, and just where the manure is coining from, and how much you shall apply, and what crops you shall plant. Such a course will serve to make you more | certain of your course, nnd more re liant, and will in many cases abso lutely save labor ami cost. It is this preliminary thinking nnd arranging which is so serviceable towards edu cating into the liest courses, and which utilizes past experience as nn aid in helping you to avoid future wastes. It is also well to think over in advance the amount of lalior you shall need by the month, and just what you expect this lalior to lie wortli to you, and how much you can afford to pay Air lalior towards carrying out your plans. It is nlso well to think out what you can save by buying implements or machinery, and Justify n ready decision the one way or the other. A horse possesses fivo times the power of n man, and, if rightly combined, n horse ami a man shotjjd accomplish six men's la lior. If now the spring farming is plnnned on the Imsis of horse lalior, much more can be efficiently accom plished than hand lalior is e-ipable of, or hspiinzsrd labor which a crop may chance to receive. There is a wide difference between the agricul tural productiveness of adjoining farms oftentimes, and to be account ed for by the difference between the men who farm them, —the prompt, careful, thoughtful,' planning man, excelling, in production of crops, the slack, hard-working, laborious, lest careful-thinking neighbor. In farm ing, accurate thinking tells; fore thought is an important factor of success. Careful planning and prompt execution can bring success from al inoHt any farm, or out of conditions usually deemed very unfavorable. Winter Killing of Wheat. tli# K*w York Tiil utin. An inquiring friend asks the de gree of cold that will kill Winter wheat in Michigan, the ground 1 icing "dry and surface exposed." Wheat is greatly protected by a light cover ing of snow, and if sown broad cast rarely Winters well where the ground is exposed to the frost and winds. \\ heat put in with a drill suffers much less ; partly because it is cov ered deeper with earth, and all the seeds are at the proper depth, and partly because the ridges made by the drill protect the plants from the action of the wind. In places much exposed we have made the drill marks at right angles with the direction ol the prevailing Winter winds. Ground frozen lieeoines dry, and the wind often lifts the surface particles and carries them away. Wheat drill ed comes up in rows in the bottom of the trenches made by the drill, and each row is between two ridges. In case of uncovered ground, and cold nnd much wind, the tups of these ridges will be blown otf and the trenches between will be filled up with earth, and thus the plant will be covered deeper and deeper by the wind, until the ground is levelled. Wheat that has acquired a good strong root in the Fall, planted in drill trenches that run at right an gles with the prevailing winds, on ground properly drained, will go through the Winter with very little loss by reason of the cold. It is not tiic cold alone that in Winter kills wheat; the strong winds of that season, acting on plants not sufficient ly covered with earth, "blow the wheat out of the ground " —to use a common expression. The great value of the drill is in the uniform depth at which it places the seed— none of it too shallow, and none of it too deep—and the raising of ridges to protect the plants from the \\ inter winds. I>r ill I wheat Home times if* rollwl in the Fall to level the surface, that the harvesting machines may the more conveniently run over it. It is tat ter to ersons. In Central New-York snow came in December last, on ground unfrozen, and saturated with water; this snow is ♦ til on the ground in hard drifts, some of them many feet deep, and will probably remain, in part, until thawed by the sun in the month of Mai". These drifts arc in the hol lows and in the lea of fences, while the ridges and many pieces of level ground have been made bare of snow I by the many severe gales that have : characterized the present Winter. In less a great thaw comes soon that will carry off the snow drifts, the wheat under them will be destroyed by ta,ooo for it three .years altar, and in five years bad paid off every cent of his obligation. Mr. Garner, who thinks he has laid thirty four miles of tile in as many years, remarked that a poor, wet piece of land, drnincd, cropped several sea sons, and then laid down to grass, was the only part of the field where the seed did not fail. Mr. Stewart put in a main, with a few short later als, twenty-five years ago; they work still, and cattle always eat the pas turage close on that a|>ot before feed ing elsewhere, and there the yield is always heaviest whenever the field is cropped. THE KPAHK will do for Old World gardencra, but our great American eagle muat rooat on a plow when ahe aligLta in the Tmck Ganlen. PoTAan in the form of ashea ia a moat excellent fertilizer for fruit tree*. There ia no doubt about it. llow to Make Butter. Hon. L. K. In my opinion a great nmount of butter in spoiled, Ist, Ity unclcnnli ncHK iii munufacturo; '2nd, by too much acid in the crcatn; :tl, by cuwin in a decomposed Hlnte in the butter; 4th, by too much friction on the butter in churning and work ing. Foul milking stables, impure water, odors from decomposing mat ter, all effect the quality of milk. There is over a pound or more su gnr in a hundred pounds of milk then there is in butter. Sugar acid is tin' lirst sign of decomposition in the milk. It destroys the sugar. The second, or luetic acid, acts upon and destroys the oil that gives butter its fine arornu. When these two acids are fully developed, destroying the sugar and aromatic projicrties, we have what may be called the na tural oleomargarine butter—it is scarcely better than the patent article. (,'rcnu should Is: churned while in the lirst or sugar acid. The ls-t butter is made from sweet cream, but that made from sweet cream is more susceptible to ordorsthun sour cream butter. Mr. Lewis related careful experi ments that he had made in raising cream at different U nqieratiires and under different treatment. The gen eral conclusion being that it will rise the fastest on a falling temperature. He did not believe that all the cream could Is: got out of the milk but what is left is of little value for butter making. It is the cream that aepa ratcs readily under good treatment that makes good butter. The churning should lo Htop|Kt] while the hutUr is in a granulated state. It is a mistake to churn until it is gathered in a compact mass. If the huttcr is taken out in the granu lated condition, the buttermilk will drain from it readily. The butter should lc put in a fine hair sieve and the buttermilk tho roughly washed out by pouring clear cold water on it. In ibis way it ran be thoroughly freed from the casein nnd otir buttermilk with scarcely any working, and the less working that is necessary the better. In working the ladle should never lie js rrnitUsi to slide or slip on the butler, to in jure or breake down the grain. The Old and the New. |*r m th* Visftliftf ftfTutf. The old agriculture concerns itself with maturing the soil; the new ag riculture concerns iUclf with feeding the plant. The old agriculture is lo cal ; tjie new agriculture, cosmopoli tan. The old agriculture knows hut the soil, tiic plant and the m-ason; the new agriculture knows all this, as well as the additional and iin|ortnnt fact that there is n physiology to the plant and a chemistry to the soil, and that each event in culture acts with, nnd is acted on by, other collateral events. The good farmer, in olden times, was tin- routinUt; tliconewho equalled the farming of the Wat of his predecessors. Under the new regime, the good farmer is a tnnu of culture, who thinks,* who schemes, who studii%, not to equal, but to sur pass, those who have I teen before him. Drying Sugar Beets. The Maine Beet-Sugar Company dried last season 500 Urns of snger- Is-ets nt their drying establishment in Aroostook county, and when the season's work has been finished these will be converted into sugar, produc ing probably an additional 125,000 pounds of sugar and bringing the whole production of the company during the first season up to 250,0<>0 pounds. Roots sliced and kiln-dried are reduced in weight five to one, making it an easy matter for an or dinary team to haul ten tons at one load. Better go 81ow. From lh- Farm Jmirnal. While it is pleasant reading to pe ruse the accounts of the large prices obtained for fast trotters, wc seldom see it stated how many failures there were to counterbalance these very, very few grand successes, and there are hundreds of farmers and others who arc essaying to breed trotting horses, using all their spare tunc and cash to further the purpose, but will generally fail signally, while the gen eral farming interests will suffer in a corresponding degree. STUDY up the soiling system and give it a trial the coming season. Oats may be sown—three or four bushels per acre—this month, to l|e followed by corn, to lie planted at ditrerent timA through the spring. A patch of rye, wheat or clover may lie cut nnd fed green to tho cows, be fore the oats and corn nrc ready. We hear of a number of farmers who aim to keep a cow to every acre of land, by using green fodder for food, and who rAj on the high road to suc cess. Ir the question were put to every poultry breeder: "To what cause are nine-tcnths of the diseases of chickens to be attributed P the re ply would probably be: "Vermin and dampness." NATURALISTS who havtv observed the habits of robins very carefully say that they do immensely more good than barm. J TAIIDWAUK. WILSON, MnFAIILANK /# Cbm Ufutv !** IVtd (iff.' r, m.4 •IS Ltigati' U t Uii.njt t<. Jt,t,t.u • rakid* W * •J* It ' tjf !*•(ite in C*Mt-U mt* i Oiff t ! ( ©I ntsd nil (lrf '•ntihHu PMnkl UfiHV tl* ual U*- | c .iirtn •! i h 4rniih
  • < < I | j m Piltißl j Til i : S< 'll-INTI l-'IC ItKC oft I. i \ll *l4aliiT] IhrMifli i * j it. U* Pi: in< III' • ati. n fcostiLi j Uff* i HfuUle ti, I t u. nr*4 • t(m) l wrw-itH. | t4 L •***! It ruUtn fill lt* of nil l aU rveHj I'.t nt*. Su|nui| li(N) i£'> ee-nt* * |.vnt* j | 1 U* lav*. Pat*;l*. Trn.U Mali*. li.Hr r*mU. 4r., . lit ttf •* rrqvrvt. ADDRESS: R. 8. A A. P. LACEY, PATENT ATTORNEYS, No. 004 F Street, Washinotox, I). C., Nearly I'.Ui.t r .SIM Msrk aslnnl top UMs siel Itsdi, *ith s l.Aftors ,w btbsst fl rutt lu (hsn snj csl.sr msrbin*. iui'l llr.l ,. eely tCs> h m,ft.ins IHoe.ngaiv wsrrint sith W StrVIB til ISIUM In. As# )nw. Ks,'t IB iOW SB IS s f *aot; MS if n. l wtitsit.,rr TNs mnM BnlM, raU*t>l, ant MIKTU, tm, ins-liins srss Insrntet f*r all tl,.], ~f family Bo,a. An sr. { Kn<>|—is—l nn— ,nlsml msrhnl bl|-i to Iks Htt Bits MSIMUhs. that Bill 4o lbs s.sk <4 a family far a lifa tims. ~r It Bill ram fn.m >t u 14 l"4*sy fa any irsHnrs-l atiullls. ranly m nn.ir.l Its Ira far gs si nr.l NnMiny H*' j <4 Ibrsmt 4> .if b..144ns It tunksa lbs shnttls, 4.mbls-Ibx-st. lork atitik. (IbH Sams on both at4es of tbs Both , ahb b terst*s4 ttae NH.arsr aaathst tbr iVnUnnlal Tbs str-.ntssi RasS.and aval Instinystitrk ssor ps.hlbm-4. It is Isailt far itrmttt. awl nsalaat knit! autk labs t hi|..i u arrrkln# |nru Msnsfa. intssl ot Bn- ,.l isb-dstert. Will ran b.r yrs ailboat rsfturs. is Stmpls t.l losm, easy to annae. awteSoM prrfa lit in an boar, sM alsaji rsntly la • in..mml to do srrsy drs.rljtlixn of bsasy nr Bns Bork at Irws risk mors easily, saaootbly and faster, and Bilk loss labor or trsiaUs (ban any other marblnea, it *r rs irs, eses did or ran do. It a ill era anything n n rolls can iter, Ibas bare or ran,loir in lori rlotk nr harness, with any kind of tkfssa.l. and ran on twenty ranis p*r minute. uses a stn.ng. atraifkt needle.*an.l nsr towaks them. Tt rannoi miss or drop a stitch, tasel at break Ike thread. The miaaey rbeerfnl! r-fa4~l Iftl Bill not ot-TBoag and .otasst any ma. bias at doable tbs nrlm. II y.m base Bar olbat ms< bine, laay this and We a b-tter nan. TVs ease and rapMlty B f its milxß and quality ol Its Bork Is Its low! t~ ornate ado. lion. It Bill bens, Ml, tack, btntd,mrd, lead, gather. TOllt. rae. plsrt, f"M. aralfap, sblrr, roll, baste, ■enfa adder, fa a ap breadih*. etr, auk eteganre same and ani'bnem. anoarpaaeed by any marbina'aarr latenfed. The rri.es .4 4ar Saw amrklnra are leer than Ihas naked by dealers In aenrnd hat.d, rwbaitt and reßoMaed msrhlnes, or threw celling oat Old Work ta rloae ap bnmaeee, many sark Infer tor and eldwSyle markltses being nffersd as new at tadnrwd wheat H'ware of imitations and only bay new ma.bines Tkete are w, an Brat Warn machines *arsid at ton as lbs -Pamtls." by many dollars. For testimonials pen dear rlptlaa books, mailed fras with sample* at stark. 4* 7M Orostdßay, X.b Tmk. i IJKLLKFOXTE A SNOW SHOD J K -I' TIM"-TL L IN •HIT ON and aft.l |,~. •j *"" W |R,L< " 7/J *' arrl*** L IWHafeata L-ai-. 11. M>F TII„ |0 I a a , animal KOU* KBOA MM A. I-..-. KIM* ON. * a .arri.ea | N u,||.F.„,T. IM u. I-—"- 11*1 UF. ml# 411 R X arrliat Know FL.ON IMSIKI. KIIOAI.F, 1.-IT-IUL ft NK-tlnt-I, <1.1,1. I>A I.I) KAOLK VALLEY HAIL- I * LLOAI) TINIF 7*l .• LIMNNUR |F7T ; I.i; Mail UintAln. I. *j. ,Mml. ' * '" ** Y*. 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M IAH I.l* T Itftia. Kl,UftAt-1|,|,1 11 4ft, O, " HFTTRI.II R _ >AJT. " M 7&, J,,,, URLM *T IK"* Hart. FT 4. J, KAITWAHII. PACirtl' J \I LLL-M" 1.-1..,. 1,, X HM T 40, M ** *IIUtini)T4T.. 714 , . WTLTN.,I llnmftlur* 11 UTN " I'blUtlftioion.... S 4" T, M X'AV K\l'K£M IT.*#, ltl,< 10 10 A IT, '• LK.RK Hat. N 11 jgr, ,I„ " 14illiati A|-'IT I 2 40AIU MI AL Hamatotg 4 1" J. U, I'TIHAD, I (.lit, 7 JO 1 K , EKLK MAlLlaaiaa Ka. 1 I SHORN IKM FC lta*.n V 4.1 1 m " HilllaaTFTL„ 11 J. T(, " anitw AL lUtriftl ur. 2 44am " I'M 1.1.L| T,U.. 'OU, U, FAH'T LINK IFTIM 14 illlIR,T„TII 17 XI ■ T„ " arrliia at LLFTRRNA-JF 3 6' M " I"I.,I4;T4JFT— 7X• IN ETLFT Mail 14 fit *IFT-FTI r.l| K.I X4'ad, Ift- K llaiiti A,. .n,N, fttftl ■ N 14-TL AT.d ITRFY L.L|,lia I'.TL I,U,k- RL ■ TFTTNATAI, M I | *<-10,1,1. riand villi L A It. k. U llama I- I U ilkialiaii - and |FT, RABT<>a. I,I lit,,. *II, *.F*ttaa IV„T, AR <: LY I FT|*T T I M*T - AFT, rl-., rrt'ITNT-LFTT-T at Ik- K Ilaitn 14,11, It | \ UK iiaiita. 1 ',l Mail KAN AA,D 4A ,-I LT— lat EIO at lib lral< a T n I, * 4 M * H LL L {'.411 "•' " < A A V K K .1 Ll..|. r na. ,IH I! * V I P R. K.. aai at |lNF|*., K,,—.. I. HI. *! . FTTMDAI RT } I—aa latt MTTT|,,T.A< ,AN „N AIL •ftMlnkk MA A IHMW Uaal hiwlalaaliat J TAHI'KR BROTHERS, M'RINO HKF.ET. UEI I.KIHXTE FA. Hvc their counter* nd abclro filled *UH NEW GOODS, f BANK KTPT RATES .'urcliAoed at - BANKKUIT KATES ( HANK KURT HATES MRILIM TtlliT OEFKR AT BOTTOM PRICES, BOTTOM PRICES, BOTTOM PRICES. OOXSIFTIXO or I>rj- (AOODN, Millinery Good*, Clothing, FANCY Good*, Notion*, AC. BOOTS and SHOES HOOTS and SHOES at very low price*. BtHITS and SHOES It ATS and CAPS Lateftt HYLE* of H ATS and CA PS HATS and CAPS Carpet Bag*, , Umbrella*, ParawiU, KM He*' Cloak*, Carpeting, Oroeerie*, Jueen*W*re, Ac. Oawimain, rrrrj IKFET TKAL caa B* * sad la a Inl RO