Volume 27, THE CENTRE DEMOCRAT, 18 PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING BY J. J. BRISBIN. OJficc in Itrynolds' Iron Front, Stcond Floor. TMKVS. — One Dollar and Fifty Cents, if paid within fix months after subscribing, otherwise awo Cellars a year will be charg .L HATES OF ADVERTISING. When Advertisements are inserted without a special bargain, the following rates Will be char ged, in all cases : One square (ten lines) three insertions $1 90 Every subsequent insertion, 25 Auditor's Notices, 1 50 AiiministraUrg and Executor's Notices, 1 75 Notice of applicants for License, I 00 Notices of Strays, 1 "0 Merchants, ( 4 squares ) by the year, 10 00 Grocers, " " " 10 00 Mechanics' A Professional Cards by year 5 00 Standing ads., one column, per year, 50 00 Half Column, 25 00 (Quarter Column, 15 CO JOB PRINTING. We are prepared to do all kinds of Job Print ing, neatly, and at reasonable prices. Our Country. On primal rocks she wrote her name : Her tower ■ were reared on holy graves ; The golden seed that bore her came Swift-winged with prayer o'er ocean wares. The Forest bowed his solemn crest, And open flung his sylvan doors : Meek Rivers led the appointed Guest To clasp the wide embracing shores ; Till, fold by fold, the embroidered land To swell tor virgin vestments grew, While Sages Btroug in hoart and hand, ller virtue's flary girdle drew. Oh Exile of the wrath of kings 1 O Pilgrim Ark of Liberty ! The refuge of divinsst things, Their record must abide in thee. First iu the glories of thy front Let the er„wn jewel, Troth, be found ; Ttiy right hand fling, with generous wont, Love's happy chain to farthest bound. Let Justice, with the faultless geales, Hold fast tho worship of thy sons ; Thy commeree spread her shining sail* Where ue dark tide of rapine runs. Ho l'nk thy ways to tho e of God, So fullow firm the heavenly laws, That stars may groat thee warrior-browed, And stuim sptd sagels hail thy eause. Ch land, the measure of our prayers, ope i f the world in grief and wrong, Be thine the tribute of the years. The gift of Faith, the crown of Song. ■ MIMI—IWUNIMEN—— E The Romance of the War. The persuasive power of speech and the sophistry of the peD must yield in the extre ity nf nations to a higher umpire. The sword, roan's oldest appeal, has found in this ■war its original dignity, nnd the master men that led iu debate, and were iirst at the coun eil, have c tine at last to decide the issue with arras. IS ate F.ights nnd Federal High's have con tended a long while upon the stump and in the .Senate; for in the eloquence of the fra mers of the Constitution our pre.-ent troubles began. After eighty years rf agitation, their final adjustment must he left to generals rather than orators and writers. We new present the actitudo of continuovs armies extending across the eoutinent be tween the sea and prai-ies—thiee hundred thousand men on either side—to fight out these rivil issues. And, apart from its ter rible consequences, aud the immediate sin in. which it was begotten, this war is a noble and sublime spectacle. It demonstrates the heroism and strength of both sections. It has resolved a race of civilians into a race of soldiers. It is a struggle ot ideas that do not flinch from deeds, and ol principles that will not be yielded but with life. It is a demon stration of practical independence worth more than the eulogies if a century. These armies have been voluntarily gathered, and they are greater than any that tyranny ever brought into the field. States that, united, maintained a standing army smaller thsn the present garrison of Paris, have separately en listed forces greater than the entire armies of the nations of Europe. Citizens whose wealth and influence would have placed them, under tyrannies, beyond the reach of con scription, are enlisted in our volunteer ar mies, side by side with the toiling and ob scure, feeling common devotiou in a common caose. Not men alone, but money, is freely subscribed to the. Republic. The great man ufactories are altered into armories. Those wlo do not wield the 6pear are beat ing out the sword, and wives, the reward of whose self sacrifice is widewhood and want, place the steel in the soldier's hand and cleer him on to battle! The whole country is bristling with bayo nets. When the echoes of Sumpter bad reach ed New EnglaqtMier children were on the march, aDd before the sound of hostilities had broken upon Europe, troops fiom twelve States bad rallied on the border line. In any cause but this, we would have hailed tbe spirit of the South. If bold, bad men, can thus stir up th people of a seotion, what oould we not expect of the country, contend ing for a common right! The Northerner, quick in a bargain but slow at a blow ; the Southron, indolent but when impelled by passion, will exhibit in this contest their several individualities. It has commenced with a few slight successes in favor of tbe hot blood and fierce courage of the South. It will end in tbe greatest vie- % Jfamilg Itepaptr to politics, Ccmptranre, fiteratnrt, Science, Kjje %xti, Ulecjjanics, Agriculture, C|e Markets, (£biuation, ncc c " Tories of modern times, achieved by the sa gacity and indomitable perseverance of the North. The latter brings to its aid resour ces of art, intelligence, and persistence j the former an animal courage that everv reverse will, anu a common malevolense that defeat will change into l'eud and insubordination. Upon one side are engaged good instincts perverted, power without order, and a prin ciple in itself subversive and ruinous ; on the other, elements of discipline, endurance, and integrity, that, having for their motive the welfare of the nation, and the common good of man, will neither be intimated by losses n or unduly flushed by success. Going stead ily forward, with good conscience and reso hearts, civilization will go With them, and the heresy and indolence that slavery has.be gotten will resign a beautiful and fertile sec tion to frte industry, a free Gospel, and free (bought. Tho crusade we wage has nothing of fa naticism about it. And while the results that we prediot were not the objects for which the war was begun, a greater band than ours, that is guiding the elements for the welfare of mankind, will make tuem, if not intended, not less inevitable. Our motives have ekenged since the com mencement of the war. We are almost pre pared to accept any instrumentality or advo cate any reform. Constitutional obligations have restrained us, hut the moet prudent be gin to assume that those who break all laws deserves little protection. Each event will radicalize this contest, and enlist new mo tives, so that, to the philosophical eye, these " Spirit! Of great eveDts stride on before the events And in to day already walks to morrow." —Phil a Press. The Cotton Question. The perrcnial cotton tree of Western South America has been transplanted to Maryland, and has flourished in a most remarkable manner. The experiment was made by Mr. Kendall, of that State, who saw the tree in Peru and Chilli, in 1850. during a mis-ion in which he was sent by our Government to collect seeds and plants, and to assist in ta king observations of transit routes across the Continent. He found the tree growing wild, and equally as well in the cold high lands and mountain regions, as in the sultry low lauds. This suggested the idea that it might he adapted to the Northern portion of the United States, and he accordingly pro cured seeds and plants, and brought them to this country. From these he raised a number of trees on his own farm, with great success and ease, and he avers that tfjey withstood, without injury, the severest win ter of our latitude. lie says that the tree will thrive and produce abundantly wher ever corn will mature. In its native condi tion and in the higher southern latitudes, its average size and altitude is said to equal the medium peach of North America, and the trie most nearly resembles the white mulberry. The leaves are abundant, the the flowets profuse, the balls, at maturity, are twice the size of those born by the her baceous plant, while the fibre was found to be finer and the length of staple increased as the tree approached the cooler regions.— It may be propagated front seed, but more readily from cuttings simply thrust into the ground, and may be planted out as an apple, peach or pear orchard, in a field cropped with any of the cereals, until having reach ed its full growth, the tree should be allow ed to occupy the land exclusively. It bears cutting also, as kindly as any knoan tree, and in field culture may be kept so pruned that its produce shall be within reach of the hand. The Crop in South America has leached two thousand pounds to the acre, whereas the annual cotton plant of the Southern States yields but five hundred pounds to the same area. Peru already ex ports of this cotton about six thousand bales of one hundred and fifty pounds to the bale, and wc are told thai the btaple of the Peru vian free cotton, even when produced with out care or culture, as it usually is in South America, is superrior to the best Upland staple of the cotton States of the South. In proof ot this fact, it is said that the cotton grown in the valley of the Chira sold in the port of Paita at sixteen dollars per hundred pounds. Mr. Kendall is to lecture at the Cooper institute. New York on the perennial cotton tree of South America, and he propo ses to show that it may be naturalized in all our Northern States. If his views are well founded, then better cotton than than that of the Southern or Gulf States may be pro duced, by free labor, North of Mason and Dixon's line, and more abundantly and econ omically than that from below the said line. In such event, Europe may yet derive its chief supply of cotton from the States of this Union. . WE have the official accounts made up in September, of the nnmber of troops which four of the Southern States had in the field in that month, which we give below, com pared with the statements of the forces which an equal number of Northern States have despatched to the seat of war: New York, .. . 84.398 j Georgia, .. . 19.100 Illinois, 45 000 | N. Carolina, 20 570 Indiana, 30,000 | Louisiana, . 14 000 Connecticut,. . . 4,284 | Texas, .... 20,000 Total, 148,182 Total, . . 73,730 " WE STAND UPON THE IMMUTABLE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE—NO EARTHLY POWER SHALL DRIVE US FROM OUR POSITION. Bellefonte, Centre County, Penna., Thursday Morning, Oct., 31, 1861. How the Army of the Potomac is Supplid with Bread. The great army bakery, carried on in the exterior vaults of the Capitol, is an establish ment of considerable interest. It is under the control of Lieut. Thomas Cate, Twelfth Infantry, United States army, who served three months in the Massachusetts Sixth reg iment which was, for a time, quartered in the Capitol. When ths necessity of a bakery was apparent, the lieutenant promptly offer bis services to build the ovens ; and so well did he execute his trust that the War De partment thought proper to retain him as the superintendent, with the raok of First Lieu# tentant in the regular army. lie has employed about one hundred and seveDty bands—A day squad and A night squad. They nearly all sleep in ths build ing and are furnished their meals from an ample kitchen. Immediately adjoining the kitchen are the dining-rooms, and shining tables and clean floors bear teetimony to the propriety of the arrangements generally. By this bakery the defenders of the common country are supplied with pure, wholesome, fresh bread, the same as obtained from the city bakers ; and nny one who has endeav ored to masticate the hard ship buscuir, for* merly served out to the soldiers, will, in an instant, see the benefits derived from thip ar my bakery. In its employ are twelve wag ons, which are constantly going forth loaded with fresh bread for the soldiers this side of the Potomac, carrying daily pome 58.000 loaves. Each loaf, when delivered to the soldier, weighs twonty-two ounces, amply sufficient for a day's ration. The bakery ci nsumes one hundred and for ty barrels of flour per day, and it is suc'i flour as our citizens usually purchase for home consumption. Attached to the bakery ! is a yeast room, where are kept constantly ! employed, eight men who furnish yeast suf ficient (obtained principal'y from twenty-four : bushels of Irish potatoes) for the immense amount of dough daily made up aDd eonsum i ed. The in'ernal arrangements of this ba kery must be to be appreciated. The work" men are quiet,courteous and industrious,and ; a visitor to the Capitol would be unaware of ' the unceasing industry carried on beneath | him if his attention were not called to the j fact. The ovens are large and well built, and are each capable of bi king about 4,300 loaves of bread every twenty-lour hours. From per sonal observation of the munner in which the dough is worked we can safely recom mend it as being equal to any bread made in the district. With such food our volunteers are well sa'isfied, and, thus invigorated, each man feels himself prepared for all the perils of the campaign, and for the victory in pros pect.— National JnlfHiaenrer "Clothes Don't Make the Man." A Washington ccr spondent of the Phil adelphia Press says: ■' There are so many great men heie that you begin to have an idea that every body is grtat. Angels have been entertained una wares in the olden time, and I have seen an orderly sergeant stop the carriage of a Cab inet minister, and a*k him 'o carry a bundle of letters to the post-office, •• if he was going that way." You can't go by appearances. — The shabbiest hat I have seen in town was worn by a statesman of high position and great fame—while a certain distinguished personege is generally attired in clothing which would excie the disdain ol your Chestnut street dandies. Some of our great est men are the least pretending. Do y>u see that middle sized man, with the piercing gray eye, ihe light mustache and imperial wearing a plain blue military blouse, and with a common foraging cap pushed back on •his head ? lie wears no insignia of rank, but you know he is a soldier, and wou'd pro bably pass him for a junior lieutenant of infantiy. He goes rapidly along, with a li tie dash in his manner, and calmly smokes a cigar as he talks to a gray bearded (fficer, who listens attentively. The young officer is General George B. McClellan, while his listener is Colonel Van Vleit, nf his staff." John Bigler Turning up Again. The San Francisco Mirror of the 20th ult. has the following notice of the California Bigler, who is the brother and political pro" totype of our renowned ex-Senator: " JOHN BIGLER.— It is sa;d that our late minister to Ctiili, Mr. John Bigler, on the occasion ot the farewell banquet given bim at Santiago, made a speech, which was a Union effort, depriciating war, etc. Mr. Big ler belongs to that school which still holds to the idea that the United States is an aggres sor, and that if the South had been allowed to go quietly out of the Union, and retaiD possesion of their property, there would have been no war. It is needless to say, that peace on the terms proposed by the Southern Confederacy would be no pence at all, but would at once shift the war from the South to New York. All men like Mr. Bigler will bear watching." RULES FOR READING.—Read the best books which wise and sensible persons advise, aod studv them with reflection and examination. Read with a firm determination to make use of all you read. Do not, by reading neglect a more immediate or mere important duty. Do not read with a view cf making a display of your reading. Do not read too much at a time. Reflect on what you raad, and let it be moderately enjoyed and well digested. [From the London Telegraph.] The Unseen Poor of England. On the condition of he pauper classes we have descanted over and over again. To-day our theme is once more the needy whom we have always with us : but we wish to turn the public gaze neither to paupers indoor nor outdoor, neither to tramps, nor beggars, nor houseless creatures on doorstops or on dustheaps. Those whom we wish the public to commiserate are the poor who are not seen, the poor who do not complain, the poor who do sot cry for alms, who do not beseige the relieving officers' counting-house or the work house gate. These are the quiet poor. They are not given either to gin drinking or to cutting each others' heads open with saucepans or bottles. They live in remote nooks and corners, of which they strive to pay the rent, and which they keep as clean as they can. They work when titey can get work ; but when employment is scarce, and times are hard, the quiet poor tranquilly starve and die. We say that they starve and die, quite meekly and un murrnuringly, a?, things consequent to their condition, and naturally to be expected.— But where are the clergy and the missiona ries—the philanthropists and deaconesses? our readers' will ask. Somehow it happens that benevolence manages to pass by these quiet poor people. They are not noisy, they are not demonstrative. .Theirs are not "ca ses" that would look well in a report.— They don't beat their children ; they are not wives who have been jumped upon ; they don't ask for tracts ; they are not too confi dent that all their miseries have not arisen from the intemperate habits of their grand mothers. They are merely decent, orderly, working people, keeping themselves in a curiously secretive way, and lying down to die—God help them—without making any fuss ; whereas that drunken Irish bsske woman, with her callow brats, will fill a whole court with her yells when bread is scarce. Sometimes it will occur however, that the hunger is too sharp, and the misery too appalling to be endured, and Death will not come when summoned. Then the quiet poor become desperate. Then the famished man thrusts his lean arm through the baker's window, and, captured with a loaf in his bleeding hand, he is brought before the jus tice as a thief—he, poor honest creature, who until maddened by famine, never robbed a human being of a half penny ! Then the gaunt girl who can get no more work, and has no food, no friend, and no hope, flings herself into the river or a canal with a prayer that the daik waters-Will close over her. and that she may hen-after be pardoned for the crime of slaying herselt because she can get no bread to eat save the bitter crust that is obtained by shame. Let our charitable readers ponder over the most lamentable and heart rending case of Mary the magistrate at Worship street, charged with an attempt to commit suicide. She had been unable to obtain employment at her trade as a boot fitter for machine work. The cause given for her inability to procure occupation is almost inexpressibly painful. The wretched girl had no proper clothing, wherewith to seek it. One sees in imagina tion the dreary catalogue of garments sent to the pawnbrokers —the gown, the shawl, extra petticoats, the very under linnen suc cessively parted with for food ; the pile of duplicates on the mantleplece ; the dreadful da)' when there is nothing more to sell or pawn —nothing left. " Oh, men, with sis ters dear ! oil, men, with mothers and wives —nothing left; oh. women with rustling silks and glossy shawls, but a rag and a tatter, just enough to cover one's nakedness not enough to go io the shopkeeper's ware house in," but sufficient in wh ch amid dark ness to steal awav to the water's edge, and fling herself into the Regent's canal, as Ma ry Ann Hammer did. By Heaven's mercy the girl was not drowned. She was rescued by a young seamstress whose window over looked the water, having seen her body floating, and called assistance. The pitious tale she told proved, after she had been re inanded for inquiry, to be perfectly irue.— The officers of the police court discovered her father in a lodging near the city road, very clean, but destitute of every necessary The man bore a good character among his neighbors, but his hand had become paralj 7,- ed from following his occupation as a "coin posnion doll maker," one of his two sons had been run over, and was a cripple; the other was too young to work, lie was a widower. In fact, the whole family belong ed to the l< quiet poor." The mother dead, the father paralyzed, after " composition doll making," one crippled and one helpless child, and a grown-up daughter with no work and nothing to wear but those unwom anly rags of which Thomas Hood sings in the undying '• Song of the Shirt." Let it not be thought that we regard Mary Ann Hammer's attempt to commit suicide as en tirely blameless. Let it not be imagined that we dissent from the wise caution given to the girl by the sitting magistrate, Mr. Leigh, 011 setting her at liberty ; or that, we deprecate the supervision which he proposed to esprcise over the subscriptions which kind hearted persons had forwarded to the Worship street Police court for the relief of the family. It is even possible that half the funds so sent would place the girl, her father and brothers in comparative comfort; bu' might it not be possible, with the consent of the benevolent donors, to use the residue as a nucleous for the relief of the "quiet poor." Would it not be worth the while of some true philanthropist to leave the vagrants and the cripples to their many friends for a season, and strive to find out the wretched who are not depraved ; the meek, unresist ing and forlorn beings who are not strong enough to struggle with the battle of life, and who lie down and die by the wayside, too often without any good Samaritan to aid them. I©" Infidels are generally credulous,— They believe everything but the Word of God. S&" The snake's poison is in bis teeth ; the slanderer's in his tongue. 8©- The mind, like the eye, sees all things raiher than itself. B©* Mr. Kiisha Brown, of Oswego N. Y. has seven eons in the Federal army. Secession in Tennessee. In the course of a recent speech by the Hon. Andrew Johnson, at Columbus. Ohio, this eloquent patriot thus described the hor rors of secession in Tennessee": " While yet beseeching them to act on their own doctrine and let us alone, the hoofs of their cavalry were indenting our plains, and the tramp of their troops were about our homes ! And yet there are those who set up the puling cry—" Let there be no coercion!" What! A secessionist declar ing against coercion ! Why, God b'ess you, friends, they never got anything except by coercion. They coerced Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama and Virginia out of the Union.-- They attempted it in Maryland; the Gov ernment stopped it—they attempted it in Kentucky ; the people stopped it! JCheers and cries of •' good, good !"] Their whole career has been one of coercion, of outrage, insult, blasphemy and crime. Detachments of their myrmidons, who were sent, as they said, "to protect us from the despotism of Abe Lincoln." (?) would pass through our conn'y, in Tennessee, on the railroad. " As they went they saw the flag of our country, the glorious old Stars and Stripes, floating from the gable of an humble school house, where the little boys had placed it as an emblem of their pure and dawning love for the Union. What did these miscreants do ? They stopped their train, and, with hootings and ribaldry, with mcnacess and execrations a-d blasphemy, they tore it from the children and trampled it in the mire.— They would enter private houses, and under pretence of seeking amunition, would rum age drawers and desks, robbing the family of their money, and the females of their heir-looms. They would order their meals and lodging in tones of insolence and terms of insult. They would feed their horses with wastfulness, and scatter the food reck lessly on the ground. And after eating to the fill of their insatiate appetites, and riot ing and rumaging they would mount, and with oaths and obscenity, would tell tho family to charge it all to Jiff. Davis. And this, my friends, is secession. •' They came into my county ; they called at my house. Some of their number came forward and demanded of my family whether I was ct home—saying that if 1 was they had come to lake me, and hang me. Pleas ant intelligence this for gentlemen (?) to communicate to wife and daughters ! But my daughter, indignant at their conduct, said, " No, my father is not at home ; he is absent in another county, wtiere'he is making a speech for the Union ; and this I presume you knew, or your, cowardly crew would not have dared to show themselves at this house !" [Thunders of applause.] They then sullenly withdrew. As they passed on through the neighborhood they came upon the house of a Union family ; the husband was not at home, but his wife, a stout heart ed woman, had her Union Hag at the gate post. They insolently commanded her to remove it; she would not. They attempted to seize it, and she seized it; they struggled for it, but she kept her flag. They then went into the woods, cut a hickory withe, and returning, scourged her person with it. [Hisses, and cries of " shame, shame !"] "This, my friends, is secession, and these are the tnen you are to •' compromise with !" Some of these same d mons, five of them, fiends in human shape, stopped at the house of a man named Markham, who, seeing them approach, and fearing insuit and outrage to himself if he remained, and thinking that they would not be so likely to provoke a quarrel with the family if he were not pres ent, took his rifle from its resting place and retired utiobservedly by them into a little thicket hard by the house, in order to be on hind in case they offered any abuse to his family. He had an amiable wife and two daughters, th= youngest a girl of about twelve years, and the other just blossoming into womanhood, about sixteen, as beautiful as the morning and as pure as the dewdrop. The secessionists entered and insolently de manded dinner for themselves and feed for their horses. The wife told them there was the crib and the fodder, and they would give thtm their dinner. They took the hay and the corn and scattered it about the ground, and ordered the ladies to hasten their din ner. " In due time the dinner was prepared, and soon greedily devoured. After satiating their appetites at the table thev began to address rude remarks to the wife and daugh ters. One of them attempted to make love to the young lady, when her young sister, seizing the tin horn or trumpet, which is kept in almost all rural homesteads to make a summons to dinner or sound an alarm to neighbors in case of any accident, sprang to the door and blew a blast. At this the hel lish demon turned, drew a pistol from his girdle and fired its bullet through her brain, and with one wild shriek she fell in agoniz ing death at the feet of her mother. That blast, the shot, the shriek and scream pierc ed the ear of the waiting father; he sprang from the retreat ; he stood at his door—one glance revealed all; and taking deliberate aim he sent his rifle's ball straight through the villian's heart! [A suppressed voice, " Good God followed by tremendous ap plause !] The other four, allarmed at the trumpet's blast, and knowing the whole > neighborhood would soon be upon them,- at : once mounted their horses and fled. The i enraged father, finding thein beyond his reach, turning to where the slayer of his ! little dai'ghter lay—seized his axe and cut his brutal body into four quarters and threw ' them out as only fit for the dogs to devour. " Such, my friends, is Secession at home. It is robbery, rapine and murder. And it is ! marching towards you, and will soon be upon you. You must arm for your defence. I speak not to yon in fables. These things occurred, not in a remote country, but right over there in Tennessee. I seeui yet to hear i the shriek that went up from that young and innocent heart, as it took leaae of life, so wild, so clear, so agonizing that even angelic spirits might come to listen and avenge ! Will you not, then, rush to the support of your Government and the rescue of your country from a reign of terror that has no parallel in the history of' civilized man I" Secession in Bucyrus. The Bucyrin Journal , published in Craw ford county, L'hio is out against the Govern ment of Ohio, in Bucyrus county, and in favor of a•* confederacy of her own. The causes of grievance are stated as follows : it refused to locate the capital at Bucyrus to the great detriment of our real-estate own ers. It refused to gravel the streets of Bucyrus, or even to relay the plank road. It refused to locate the penitentiary at Bu cyrus, notwithstanding we do as much to ward filling it as any other county, thus blightening the hopes of onr free, indepen dent and patriotic peanut venders. It refused to locate the State Fair at Bu cyius It located the Ohio canal ono hundred miles east ot Bucyrus. We never had a Governor, notwithstand ing we have any number of men as superior to the hoary old dotard who now fiills that post, as the bright refulgent sun is to a tal -1 >w candle. Ditto, ditto, ditto, a3 to United States Sen ator. It has enticed our citizens away, by ma king them Supreme Judges as soon as they are out of the county. It has compelled us to pay, year after year ur share of the State taxes. It puts us in the same Congressional dis trict with Ottowa county. No citizen of the county has ever been ap pointed to any place where theft is possible, thus willfully keeping capital o t of the county.