I lie Centre jjßp Democrat. J. S. & J. J- BRISBIN, VOLUME 27, Ejje ®cnirc gemocrat. WIPUS.Lt.SHED EVERX THURSDAY. BY J. S■ &J- J- BRISBIN. OJflee in the Arcade Building, Second Floor. TKBMS.— SI,SO if paid in advan.ee or within six Months after subscribing,otherwise $2 will invari ably be charged. No subscriptions received for shorter period than six months and none dis jantinued, unless at the option of the editor, until all arrearages are paid. BUSINESSCAR DS\ AJI 3Qi.OKM £l £5 AX-LAW, bKLLBI'ONTK, VM. OS oe on Allegheny Street. Feb. 10 59 I" 7 M. BLANCHARI^ttorney -AT-LAYV, BICLI.BII.NTB, Fens A. Office furinrly occupied by the Hon. James Burnsido. Jan. 19, 'tO.-tf. WW BROWN- ATTORNEY- AT . LAW BBLLBKONTB, FEKNA.I\ ill attend to ail legal business entrusted to him, with prompt mess. May, 5 '?9. T AS. H. RANKIN, ATTORNEY:Xt t) LAW, liKLLtlo.NrK.jl'A. Will attend prompt ly to ail legal business entrusted to him. Office next door to too Post Office [Sipt. 20, '6o,tf T? J . HOCK MA J*, SURVEYOR AND -EJ, LONVLVAIMJER, BBLLKFONTK, PA., will attend to and corrcet;y execute all businesi en trusted te him. [June 14,-'6O, —tf. (ifiU. h. POTTER. M. D. OFFICE ou High street, (oldoffice.) Bellefonte Pa. Will attend to professional calls as heretofore, and respectfully offers his professional services his friends and the public. 0ct.26'58 A A. FAIBLAVB, V. I). JAS. A. DOBBINS. H. D FAIRLAMIU DOBBINS. DR. FAIKLAM'i has associated w ; th bim DR J. H. DOBBlJ--.in the practice of medicine A dice as heretofore on ishop street, opposite the Temperance Hotel. March 19,57. r XR.J AS. P. GREGG , respectfully offer JLr his professional services to tho people o Jlilesburg and vicinity. Residence, Diuiol R Bureau's National Ilotol. Refer to Dr. J. si. McCoy, Dr. (J. L. Potter, Dr. J. B. Mitchell. [Nov. 3, 1860. —tf. WM. REIBER, SCKUNON AND Y PUYSJ.CIAR, having permanently located • Ifers hiß Professional services to the citizens of Tice Grove Mitts and vicinity, and respectfully •tlioiu a liberal portion of the public patronage, [Feb. 16, '6o. Iy. J. J. LINGLE. Operative JytggSfejgsL and Mechanical Dentist, will prac- tice ail tho various branches of his profession in the most approved manner. Office and residence on Spring St-Bellcfoute Pa. [Mar. ?. '6O. tf. TAS. F. RIDDLE- ATTOKNEY-AT yy LAW, iiKLLefuNT* PA. Will atttend to all kusiuess entrusted to him with care and prompt ness. Refer to Guv. Pollock, Milton Pa. and Hon. A. G. Curtin, Bcllefonto Pa. Office with John H. Stover" jan. 5, '6O. J R. MUFFLY , AOBNT FOR TH , M BUT BBIMX INSURAKCB COUPANT. fer suns wishing to secure themselves from losses by ire, will do Well to call upon b'K *t tbo store of J. K. Jduidy A Co., N. E. corner of the Diamond, three doors above Allegheny strte', Bellefonte, ue eo„ Pa. Mar. 15. '6O. I'. WW. WHITE, HENTIBT, has per . manently located in Boalsburg, Centre County Pa. Office on main st., next door to the store of Jobation Jt IyelLr, where he purposes practising his profession in the most icieutific manner and at moderate charges. til ir. IUA C. MITCUELL. Crars T. ALKXANOBR MITCHELL^ALEXANDER. ATTORNEYS- AT-LAW, BELLEFONTB PPSSA. llsving associated themselves iu the practice *l law, will aiten 1 promptly to all busiuect en- Waned to their care Office in the Arcade. [No-f 1 '6O-—ff. CONVEYANCING, DEEDS BONDS, MORTGAGES, AND AR TICLES OF AGREEMENT neatly and cor rectly executed. Also, attention will be given to the adjustment of Book Accounts, and accounts f Admiiislratior £ and Executors propared for filing, effice next door to the Post Office. ot., 19th, '4s, WM. J. KEALSn. yOHN H. STOVER ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW • BELLEFONTE, PA., will practice his pro fession in the several courts of Centre county.— All business entrusted to him wili be carefully at tended to. Collections made and all monies promptly remitted. Office, on High st. formerly epcuped by Judge Bumside, and D. C. Boal, Esq. nherche can be consulted both in the English and inthe gci van language. M.iy 6,'58 —22 ly. FAS. IIACHAKUS. W. P. JJACJIANC J: & Witt. P. IttACIttANUS. ATTOKNEY'S-AT-LAW, BKLLRFONTB, PA., Office in the rooms formerly occupied by Liun A Wilson, Allegheny street. Jas. Maeman us has associated with W. P. Macmanus, Esq., in the practice of law. Professional business intrua tedt o their care will receive prompt attention. They will attebd the several Courts in tho Coun ties of Centre, Clinton and Clearfield. June 21, '6O, tf. TJALE & HOY. ATTORNEYS-AT will attend pro nptly to all business entru stedto thoir care. Office in the building formerly occupied by Hon, Jas. T. Ilale. A CARD. Messrs. Hale A Hoy will attend to my business during my absence in Congress, and will be as sisted by me in the trial of all causes entrustedto t hem. J. T. HALE. jan 5*1860 CURTIN & BLANCHARD. ATTORNEY'S-AT-LAW,BELLBFOXTE,PK!INA The undersigned having associated them selves in the practise of Law, will faithfully at tend to all professional business entrusted to them in Centre, Clii lion and Clearfield counties. All collections placed in their hrnds, will receive their promt attention. Office in Blanchard's uetv building on Allegheny street. Nov. 30 'SB CURTIN A BLANC HARD. RXYffLTft HOUSE OF WM. F.. REYNOLDS d- CO. BELLEFONTE, CENTRE CO., PENN'A. Bills of Exchange and Notes discounted ; Collec tions made and Funds promptly remitted. Inter-, est paid on Speeial Deposits, Exchange on the Hasten cities constantly on hand aud for sale. Deposits reeeived. April 7 'SB WM. HARDING, FASHIONABLE BARB&R AND HAIR DRESSER, BELLP.POSTE. PA , Has ! opened a Barber Shop one door above tho fc'rank n> House, where he can be found at all times.— Good Razors, keen and sharp, kept constantly on , hand. Hair Dressing, .S'hampooning, Ac., &ttn- ' ded to in the most workman-like manner. He kopes by strict attention to business to receive a liberal share of public patronage. llefonte.June 28, 1860-—tf. — I Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. % jFimils ftefospitptr la politics, Ctmptrsntt, fKtanttott, Science, B%t srt, gletjranics, Jgricttltan, ®jte Ularktts, (flmeatioit, Jrousemmt, ®mral Jntllipce, St., ST.LA WRENCBHOTEI, CHESTNUT STREET. PHILADELPHIA WM. B. CAMPBELL, Proprietor Apr 5 th'6o—tf. J. THORP FLAHERTY, Importer of Havana o. 837 CHESTNUT STREET, (Adjoining liirard House,) And Opposite CONTINENTAL HOTEL, PHILADELPHIA PENNSYLVANIA. Ar 426,-'6o,—ly. BOMGARDNER HOUSE CO RNEIt OF SIXTH AND R. R, STREETS OPPOSITE L, V, AND PENNA. R. R. DEPOTS, HARRISBURG, PA. J.W. STONE. PROPRIETOR Mar. 15th, 1860, Iv. CHARLES McBRLDE, HAS JUST lIECEI VED A LARGE AND SPLENDID STOCK OF Dry Goods, READY-MADE CEOTHIXG, GROCERIES, HARDWARE, GUEENSWARE. ALL of which he is selling at very reduced prices. Goods given in Exchange for 'Country Produce. Tbe public are invited tu cali and examine his stock before purchasing elsewhere. Uellefunte, Uov. 3, '59. tf. UNITED STATES HOTEL, BY T., W. TEMEYOK Ori'OSITF PENNSYLVANIA R. R. DEPOT HARRISBURG PA. B. HARTSHORN Superintendent. O pains have been spare! to make the abvoe A v the first bote! in Harrisbnrg. The table i always spread with the best the market affords and the accommodations aro suprior to any found elsewhere in the city. March let 1860.s HUGH B, BRISBEN, graggist, MANUFACTURER OF EXTRA LIQUOR COLORING, A 7 . JK. Cor. Third & Poplar •trcett, T'rm* Ca*h ] Philadelphia. Oct. 3, IS6o,—ly. E. C. HiaF.B, J AS. T. HALE K. N. M'AL LISTER, A. <S. CURTIS BANKING HOUSE. Interest paid on Special Peposit. I HUMES, WAL LISTER HALE A CO., EELLKFONTE, PA. DEPOSITS received, Bills of exchange end Motes Discounted, Collections made and | proceeds remitted promptly. Interest paid on ! special deposits f< r Ninety days, and under six months at the rate of fou: per cent, per annum. For six months and upwards, at the r. tc c" five percent, per annum. Exchange on the Fast con stantly on han.i. January, ard. 1861. beIIefonte"DISPENSAKY. Persons in want of PAINTS, OILS, VAR NISHES, or anything of the kind, will do well to purchase them at the Drug Store of J. A J. Harris, BruckerhuiFs Row, Bellefonre. Also, I'utss, M kmcihks, Pocket Kxivbs, Fanct Articles, pGRVt it atJT", TuBACCO, Selaes, Liocors, and all the Patent Medicines made. £8 1- Surgeon's and Physician's Instrument onnsta-tly on ha id. Gail and ee them, nea >y opposil 5 the Conrad House. January, 3rd 1861. A. Uuckeuheln.er. S. tA'trthefiner. K Wartbeima A. G. & BRO'S , IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IS Foreign .and Domestic Liquors, BISTHjLFRS OF MOXONGAHELA RYE WHISKEY, Aljjc., Rectifiors ef the IROX CITY WHISKEY, And Manufacturers of the Celebrated G Ell if A X STOMA CM BITTERS No. 25 .Market Street, Nor 15.-60.—1 ] PITTSBURGH, PA. LOUIS GER.BE R, ic IMPOPTEH AND HAMUKACTUKKRUF* 3PUB.S. For Ladies', Gentleman's and Children's Wear, NO. 234 ARCH ST., PHIL'A, All kinds of Furs Dressed, Cleaned and Repaired. Furs made to order at the shortest notice. Full value paid for Shipping Furs. Furs taken care of during the Summer Oct. 4, '6o.—lv. W. A. ARNOLD. JOHN TV. WILSON ARNOLD & WILSON WARMING & VENTILATING WAREHOUSE, No. 1010 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia CMILSON's Patoa Cone and Ventilating FURNACES, Cooking Ranges, Ealh Boilers, ENAMEL® STATE MANTELS Common aud Low Down Parlor Grates, Warm Air Registers and Ventilating, Ac. Ac. Particular attention given to warming and Ven tilating Buildings of every discription. 11 EN J. 11. FELT WELL, Sup't. Apr. 26, —1860. ly. HAINES & DOCK. WHOLESALE GROCERS, No. 35 North Water Street, PHILADELPHIA. GROCERIES, GROCERIES, GROCERIES, GROCERIES, GROCERIES, GROCERIES, Merchants of Central Pennsylvania LOOK TDYOUa INTERESTS :! ! u you wish to buy cheap go to llaines A Dock- They keep on hand the best articles to bead in the City, in their line of business. Call and examine their goods. Remember their Firm is at No. 33 North Water Street, PHILADELPHIA Apr. 26, '6o. —ly. A LOT of Ladies Weol en Hoods just reeetre D. LBYDBN A 00, tfejlofoato, Dee. 26, '6O, [•WE STAND UPON THE IMMUTABLE - POWER SHALL DRIVE US FROM QJJFT POSITION BELLEFONTE, PA., THURSDAY MORNING, FEB., 14 1861 Centre County Teacher's Institute. CONCLUDED. Recording Secretaries— F. YV. Hees and R, Hunter* Corresponding Secretary —E. P, Fores man . lreasurer —YV. Galbraith. Librarian— J. 11. Stover. Grammar was then taken up and two clas ses formed, first a primary class, conducted by D. 11. Young, and then an adyanced class by Prof. J. E. Tbomas. The drills were conducted in an able and interestiag man ner. An Essay by M. R. Bock, was then read, subject, Superstition. Recess of tweDty min utes, Mr. E. C. McClintock then gave an illustration of bis method of teaching, objeet, lessons, which gave very general satitLac tion. The subject of School Government was then opened by Mrs- R. L. Ilicklan. who •poke decidedly in favor of moral suasion ; she was followed by Messrs, J. W. Boal, J. S. Musser, Andrew Musser, YV. R. Dale, Dr. Hunter, L. Neff, D. 11, Chesebro and others. On motion, the question was postponed ; on motion, the time for final adjournment was fixed on Friday after the evening session. EVENING SESSION. Pres. Hollahan in tbo chair ; prayer by Rev. Mr. Grow ; roll call ed ; members responding by sentiments and witticisms ; minutes read aod approved; music by the Band. Prof. Thomas then de livered an able aud interesting address, sub ject, "The Relation of the Teacher to the young and to Society." An excellent Essay was then read by Miss Tate ; subjeot, "Gov ernment and order in School." On motion of Frank YV. Hess, amended by Prof. Thom as, the order of exercises, as reported by the bu-ioess committee, was suspended for the present and the nsms of Col. J. S. Brisbio inserted in place of Mr. Cooper's Col. Bris bia then addressed the audience ia a very able and spirited manner on tbe subject of "General Education." On motion, a vote of .banks was offered to Col. Brisbin for bis ex cellent address. Oa motion, a vote of tbanae was theD tendered to Prof. Thomas for his address. On motion, a vote of thanks wss tendered to Mies Tate for her Essay. Mis* Kate Reese then road a very able and chaste Essay on the subject of "Intellectual At tainme its," which was listened to with marked attention. Miscellaneous business. On motion, the report of the committee en resolutions was called tor. Tbe reaplutioo were read, and then, on mothn, passed a second reading. On motion, the President appointed the following persons to prepare tbe minutes for publication : Mies Jennie F, Moßride, Prof. J. E. Thomas and Mr< J. T. Read. Critics report. The exercises were enlivened throughout, with excellent music from the Band. Adjourned. FRIDAY MORNING SESSION, Pres. Hollahan in the chair; prayer by D\ Ilnnter ; roll calied ; minutes read and approved. On motion of F. YV. Iless, the following resolution waF rend and adopted. Resolved, That ths thanks of tbe Institute be tendeted to the Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Boalsburg, for their kindness in giving us the use of their church during the eeseion of this Institute. School Government was again taken up ; Mr. YV. Dale made some remarks, insisting that the character of a school, and the con trol that the teacher baa over it, depends up on his conduct during t l e first two or three weeks of the school. He was followed by Messrs. Muffly, Hess, Campbell, Mrs. R. L. Hicklan, and others, all insisting that firm ness ef character, combined with love and kindness to tbe pupils, is absolutely neces sary in the government of a school room.— YV. YVeavor thought that the teacher should never punish a pupil while excited, but should, by reasoning with him, convince him that the punishment was the necessary con sequence of his disobedience or fault ; Mr, Read was in favor of "Republican" govern ment in a school room ; Mr. McClintock was not in favor cf too much order in school; Rev. Mr. Grow coincide! with those wbo ad vocated the government of love and kindness; Dr. Hunter advocated the hearty co-opera tion of parents, without which, the teacher cannot maintain good order. He thought that on no occasion, whatever, should tbe pa rents speak disrespectfully of the teacher in the presence of their children, but ehould teach thorn, by precept and example,- to do right. Tke following sentence was written on the blaek board by tbe President, and analysed by the members of the Institute. "To die for one's country is glorious." Considerable d scussion ensued, which brought out the different views if tbe teachers. • * AFTERNOON SESJION.—Prest. Hollahan in tbe ohair ; prayer by Dr. Hunter ; roll call ed ; minutes read and approved. The reso lutions being next in order they were taken up seperately amended and adopted. Recces, 15 minutes, Mr. J. W. Mufflj then illustrated his meth od of teaching reading bj conduetinga class. Letters of apology were then read from A. G. Curtio, Governor elect, and J. H. Berry, Sup't. of Clinton county, explaining the cause of their absence. Letters were also received fiom A. K.Browne, Eq.,of Look Haven, and P. Heekssdorn, County Sup't. of Union county, regretting that circurastaneea, be yond their control, prevented their atten dance at the Institute. The subjest, " The best method ol teach ing children to was then opened by D. S. Reber, who is in favor of allowing children to commence writing on elates, then cn paper, and using small band generally. Oa motion the subject was postponed. Adjourned. EVENING SESSION.— Prest. IleEahan in the ehair ; p r ayer by Rev. Mr. Grow ; roll call ed ; the members responding by sentiments and witticisms; minutes read and approved. The disoussion on "penmanship" was re sumed by F. \Y. Iless, wbo was in favor of having a uniform system of penmanship throughout the county. Mr. J. Ifollahan thought such a proposition impracticable,but tf at there should at least be a uniform sys* tern in each township. Mr. Sbaw would first teach children to draw lines, angles, simple objeots, and printed letters, and after ward to write. Dr. Hunter was not in favor of baying children write too young. Sever al teachers then made romaiks coinciding with what bad been s il. Mr. G. YV. Cooper made an excellent address. By special request of some who had been absent the early part of tb,e evening before, and b&d not beard Miss Tate's esiay—she re.read it. The Chairman of the Financial Committee then made a final report. On motion, the balance in the treasury, together with a collection that was taken from the audience, was hatred to the band as a token of respect. On motion of Mr. Gilliland it was Resolved, That the Superintendent of Cen tre county bring before the next State con vention of County Superintendents, the pro priety of adopting a uniform system of pen manship tlnougiiout tbe State. On motion, the Institute will be held at Centre Hall, provided a suitable building can be had to hold ths session in, but if Dot it will be held at Milesburg. On motion, the President appointed the following persons a Committee to wait upon the Trustee* cf the church at Centre Hall, to seo if the bmlJiag could be prooured ; Messrs. F. W, Iless, Geo. IToffer and H. G. Stitzor. The Comm ttee to report to ths President. Commiitee'e were then appointed to eon duct the retiring officers from and the officers elect to their seats. President Brugger on takiDg his seat made a few very appropriate remarks. Ex-Prest. Hollahan then made an address to the teachers whieh was very attentively listened to. He thanked the teachers present for their promptness in responding to his call, and spoke of tbe necessity of further improvement—said he should expect an in provement of at least 30 percent. On motion, a vote af thanks was tendered to the retiring officers. The band was in attendance and enliven ed the proceedings by excellent music. Adjourned. The Committee on resolutions presented the followir g report whieh was read and adopted : In view of the conflicting elements which constitute the public opinion of th* people of Pennsylvania in regard to the best mothod cf the liteiary attainments af the educator* of their children, and of ptoßayting the effi ciency of their common school* ; also in con sequence of the different and conflicting methods which have been by the controllers of common Bchoole and Educa tional Journals, and in Tiew of great impor tance of action in conducting so vast and momentous a scheme for the eleva tion of the intellects of the present and fu ture generations. Wa the common school educators of Centre county in convention as sembled do adopt the following resolutions : Resolved, That the elevation of the literary attainments of teachers can be secured only by making their profession permanent. Resolved, That we respectfully suggest to clergymen the propriety of consulting the members of their respective charges concer ning the nocessite of devoting more pf their energies to the intellectual impTovement of their children, and the importance of exam ining whether they are not negligent in this department of their duty, and that they ehould bring all their influence to aid in ac complishing a work so eminently worthy tbe attention of all wise, an] good men. Resolved That teaehe s associations consti tute a source ef practical improvement, and that we will, by assembling together semi monthly during the winter in our respective townships, and annually in a county associ* ation encourage their perpetuity Resolved, That one suggest to pirectors of Common Schools, the propriety of not inser ting any restrictions in their articles of agreement with teachers, except those requi red by the " Common School paw of Penn sylvania." Resolved, That we congratulalate the oiti zens of Centre Co., on the selection of our worthy friend, and fellow laborer Mr. Thom as Hollahan, to superintend the interest of their Common Schools. Resolved, That the thanks ofthe Institute are dna to the Boalsbnrg Saxe Horn Band led by Dr. Fisher, and tbe Binging class un der the direction of Mr. Meyer for the very charming music with which thev entertained us, while in eession, ✓ Resolved. Thet ws tender our thanks to citizens of Boa'eburg end vicinity for the courtesy and hospitality with which they have received us, and for the the pleasure we have enjoyed during our eojourn amodhg tham. May the Lord reward them. Resolved, That we appreciate the merits of Che Rev. Mr Grow, and that we respect fully tender our heartfelt thanks to him for his services during the Institute. Reso J ved, That our thanks b tendered, to the trustees, and principal ef ths Boalsburg Academy, for their kindness in permitting us te occupy their hall during tbe session, of the Institute. Resolved, That the thanks of tbe Institute be tendered to Miss Ada Keller and tier class ef singers for tbe exsilent songs they favored us with during the session. Resolved, That we recomeod the patronage of the Pennsylvania School jouraey to the teachers of Centre Co.. as being a fa'thful exponent of the principles of Common School education. Resolved, That the proceedings of this In stitu e be published in each of the County papers, aod in the School Journal. NO DEMORALIZING .COMPROMISE. Speech of Mr. Si'timons cf Rhode Island. YYhen Mr. C'ark's amendment to Mr. Crit tenden's resolutions was called up iu the United States Senate on the 16th, Mr. Sim mons of Rhode Islaud requested his colleague to read alond the debate on the adoption of the Federal Constitution, to show that tbe intentions of tbe framers of that instrument was to make a Federal Government, and not a confederation of States. When i(fr. An thony had concluded, !tlr. Sjinrnms thui ad dressed tbe Senate: Mr. President, that explains what the fra mers of this Government intended it should be ; and yet men will refer to that yery question there decided— seven against it, and tnree for it —and say that that deeision was in tavor o( making a confederation, instead of a national Government; and that every argument that has been mads on the oppo site side of the chamber lists treated tbi? Con stitution as in the nature of a league or trea ty. A compact broken in one part is broken in all parts, said Mr. Webster. I agree with that; but did he ever say this Constitution was a compact? Never; never. Quotations aro made from eminent men, who make speeches either to get votes, or to get nomi nations, end they are adduced here as cousti tuional authority. I read this very debate and auutber here fourteen years ago, in the presence of the Senator from Virginia (Mr. Mason). I read what that gentleman's dis tinguished ancestor said on this constitution al question. I read it too, upon another portion of this subject that I shall call his at tention to ; and I think I shall mention what reply he made about that time , but I am now upon this Constitution and upon the fact that every Senator wha'aas made an argu ment upon this question in favor of the right of a State to secede, lias based it upon the argument, and solely upon the argument, that the Constitution is a treaty, apd not a Constitution. I agree that a treaty which is broken in ODe part is brokeD in all, ftn d free* everybody. That was Mr. Madison's doc trine ; but he said that a cons itutiou formed by the people is not a compact, but a pact that excludes such an interpretation. Yet, everybody on the other side says it is a com pact ; and the distinguished Senator from Texas says that ths o'd men w'oo niada this Coustitutioo, of all things in the world, knew nothing about it ; that they were very good men for generals, and such like, but they knew nothing about the Constitution. Well, Sir they are good enough authority for me. I woull rater read thsir authority than any otber I c.iuld get. I make no argument upon it. I call tb# attention of the Senator from Virginia to what he said this moruiug about referriag these resolutions to the people. He said he was against letting the people vote on these resolutions. His distinguished an cestor said he held i* of the first importance, that this Government should rest on tbe OD the will of the people ; but it has got to be unfashionable now ; the people ars not to be trusted in this age. I have as abiding faitb in tbvm now as the fathers had when they made this Constitution; and how did they come out? Look at your seventy years' ex perience under this Constitution, Did they trust the people in vaia ? 1 hope not ; I knew thev did not. It was the faith of ths fathers. Let us live by it, and stand by it. I dnow that I shall be tedious ii I go go into that debate ; and therefore I dismiss it, Mr. MASON—WiII tbe Sentor allow me to interpose a word ? Mr. SlMMONS—Certainly. Mr. MASON—What I said implied* no distrust of the people whatever. What I said referred entirely to the theory of this Government. This Government, as I under stand, is a confederation of States ; and when the people are spoken of io the Constitution, it soeaDS the people of each State separatim as a separate, independent, political commu nity, each State being sovereign. Now, I understand the scope of this resolution is to refer a question of constitutional amendment, not to the States or tq the people of the States as aeperate, independent political com munities, but to refer it to the people of all the States as a general mass. I say that the Constitution never contemplated that the people of the United States, as a mass, a ho mogeneous mass, should be the parties to the Federal Government; and, therefore, with out any distrust of the people in their sepa rate States, I never can agree to convert the form of government we now have, from a confederation ef Republics into a consolida ted Government. And, interrupting the Sen- ator for a moment longer,. I would tefer to tbe faot, that when the Cnntitution contem plates amendments to be made to it, they are amendments tc ha made to it by the States, as States, either by their Legislatures or by Conventions, as miy be arranged ; but in each insfvneg. t,h? be carried by a popular vote, but each State wDuld give one single to-e and one only, upon the amendments. The State whiqh the honorable Seuator represents, with its popu lation, would give a vote equal to the B:ate represented by the Senator from New York— a single vote. There was no idea of refer ring it broadcast to the people, as a consoli dated mass. That is all I wisb to say. Mr SIMMONS—I did unlerstand the Senator to make objection. If read those resolutions aright, these amendments are to be adopted if they are approved of by tbe people of three-fourths of the States, each State having but one vote. That is the way I read the resolutions. One of them, lam pretly aure, says so. I read it yesterday. I agree that the Senator is right in saying that the amendments are to be referred to the people of the States, anc( that the origi nal proposition was made to the people of the States ; and why was it; It was bocause this Constitution took from the State author ities many of the powers that the people had giyen to State Legislatures ; and they were sat going to have a mass meeting, and let the people of Virginia take away the rights that had been given by the people of South Carolina to their State Legislature They roust be the same constituent body that granted these rights to their State Qovern mer t, that should take them back again and grant them to Ibis Government. That is the distinction. Nobody else was competent to take away the rights of the people of llhode Island but tbe people of Rhode Island them selves ; and so with all the rest of the States. That is the ieason, and the cn'y reason, that this Constitution was sent to tbe States ; not because it waß a confederation, as the Sena tor reiterates again to-day, but because pav ers were given in the Constitution to the na tional Government, that could not be taken from the States by anybody but those who gave those powers to tbsm ; aDd they look those powers from the States in ratifying this Constitution, and gave them to the national Government. I have no dount the Senator from Kentucky, in hie resolutions, has pro vided tbe same mode that is pointed out in lb6 Cunstitwtijn, to let tbe people vote in each State for or against these amendments. Am I mistiken in that? Mr. CHITTENDEN—The resolutions which I offered provided no means of that sort; but the Senator from Pennsylvania, ( Mr. Bigler,) has been so good as to intro duce a bill here, prescribing the mode in which the vote shail be taken, as it was ta ken at tbe Presidential election, and by tbe sauio officers. Mr. SIKXONS I Lava seen it SOMEWHERE in the printed procedings. That would certain ly be the way. Th< nis no other way to do it under the Constitution. Every sugges tion, every argument mado use of by every man who spoke ie this debate in the Con* vention as to whether the Constitution should be ratified by the Legislatures or by the peo ple, no matter whether they were in favor i.f Confederation or in favor of a National Gov ernment, furnishes a complete answer to all the arguments that have been brought up here of the right of a State to secede. Mr. Ellsworth, as much of a Federalist as be was denied that right under the confederation; and every national van from that time down has always denied it. Now, Mr President having disposed of that question, si far as I choose to speak on it in this connection, 1 como to tie provisions for its amendment; and I have to say to my worthy and distin guished from Kentucky that I consider his plan grossly violative to the Constitution itself. He knows that I speak of it kindly ; but I cannot in my conscience believe other wise than I have stated. I know these troubles. I feel as much regret as J know he feels at such unwarrantable troubles brought upon us from so triflirg causes, as I concieve ; but 1 cannot vote for these reso lutions, because I think they violate the very spirit of the instrument under which we sit here. Here is a proposition to add five new sections to the Constitution, and to make them and two classes of the present Constitution irrepealable and una mendable. I should like to ask the Sena tor if he has thought quite well enough, and is quite certain enough, that these proposi tions are sound, to make them, like tho laws of the Modes and Persians, unalterable, in a Free Government ? I have read them over but twice. 1 know they are wholly imprac ticable iD Rhode Island. We have no such thing in Rhode Island as a country organi zation that you can sue to recover the value of a slave. You must have somebody to sue. You must have an organization. I have not read them with a view to criticise them. I am speaking of tbera generally. Here is an isstruuient founded by our fathers. It baa been iu opperatioc three quarters of a centu ry, and the conntry has flourished under it as DO other oountry has ever before done un der heaven. There is in that instrument but one single clause irrepealable, and that is the clause which gives the State of Rhode Island es many Senators as the State Kentucky.— That you eannot repeal without unanimous EDITORS & PROPRIETORS. NUMBER 6 and that is the only one that now, remains. There was another ebout slaves, but the time has gone by, and laws have becn 4 passed, nn the subject. Now, I put thl comparison to the Senator from Kentucky: Suppose that he and myself and elevou oth ers had concluded to form a business part nership under articles of agreement, and we had agreed to pey in 5-1,000 eaoh, for the purposo of trying to raise water-rotted hemp in Kentucky ; we inserted in our alleles of agreement that anybody who would put in Si.ooo. could some in upon the footing of the original partners, and that the business sbo'd not be altered without a vote of three fourths of the partners. That would be fair. Well, wo thirteen went on and took in partners and raised hemp, and divided twelve per cent. That would be a fair business, not as proe perous as this country has been, but it wo'ld be a remunerative business. Suppose we took in new partners until we gotjn thirty niue besides ourselves. Then there are thir ty-nine new ones, who can make a oonstitu tioal majority over the old thirteen. They conclude among themselves, in a meeting in Wall street (for if it paid 12 per cen< it would be from there the new partnyya would come, aDd not (ron\ farmers, as we ere), and determine, by their vote of 59 againt the old 13, to drop hemp-raising and go into elave trading. Wo should remonetate. We say: " That is an illegal business; it ta profitable, to be sure, but it ia illegal, and you have no right to change this concern in to an illegal one." They would say: "It was legal when you made this bargain ; you old fogies have changed since, but we bad nothing to do with obanging this law ; it wag lawful traffic originally, when tka contract was drawn ; and they persist in it. We look over the contract, and although it is very different from our understanding of what we have agreed to do, yet he and I would be obliged to submit. Wo are law-abiding men; we believe in spppoesi, efter gettiDg us into-the slave-trade, tbay should make another provision, that tbisMast specu lation never should be altered without the unanimous consent of the whole partnership ; that we should continue the slave-trade r ioDg as there was a thief or a liar in the oon cern. What would he think of that? We would not agree to it, I know. He would say, " This is carrying the business too far." That is just the proposition now hero. We want to alter the Constitution from what the fathers made it. Wa want to alter the mode of its amendment, and put in seven new clauses that can never be repealed, no mat ter what public sentiment may be, without a unaDimoue vote; so that one single State, if wo have forty, can prevent the repeal of any one of them. I know, when I address roy seif, as I do, to the honorable Senator from Kentucky, ',hat be weuld not vote for thai proposition himself, under any circumstan**. ces. He would contrive some other method to heal these troubles ; and I would go with biai with ell my heart; but do not let ns tear up this old instrument under wbieh wtf have prospered, which be glories in as much as I do. I do not want to mnke a speeoh about it; but I know when I loye my coun try and its Constitution. Ns man can make me believe that I do not veuerate that in strument ; that I do not venerate the Union that it formed, I am under no apprehen sion whatever that there is a mau who hears rac that doubts my regard for every one of these Sia.es in the Union, and their institu* tions- I love Kentucky. I love South Carolina. I lived amoDg them roofe than fifty years ago. I have partaken of their hospitalities. I have walked to the same ohurchcs with : them, and knelt at the same altar; and a more hospitable people never lived. But as much as I lor? them, I say their present con® duct is utterly unworthy of them ; and tbf Senator from Kentucky must know that as well as I do. Because they want t# cut up capers, are we going to tear up that instru ment to appease them I Not so. Let them have a little bit of a frolic, if they want to. Ido not want to whip them. That is not my notion. Ida not want to hurt tbem. I lova Georgia. I lived with tbem fifty years ago. I have been out there on patrol in the Dight to watoh. They were frightened about in' surrection. There is always danger, they think. I never was afraid there in my life. The only plaoe where I ever saw any of this negro equality, as it is oalled, was in Geor. gia. A man kept a hotel in what was for merly the seat of Government. It was a tav ern, a very large one, kept by a Frenchman, of the name of Posenor. He invited me one day to go up and see bis wife. I was a boy at the time. I went up, and found she wea a great, burly Degress. [Lvughter.] I had nothing to say about her. That was the on ly time I ever saw that, and I was disgusted with it. I never saw it in New-England in my life, much as the talk is about negro equality there. These Georgia peopls an stand their own troubles very well; but when their are any troubles down in Massa chusetts, they get in a violent passion. Thsy will have amalgamation and negro equality all around tbem there at the capital of the Government; but Ido not want to say any thing about it. I dislike it, to be sure ; but it is not beet to make a noise about it. The Republican party cannot insert a portion of the Declaration of Independenca into ita Platform, but it is said fhst we m'eu tbeso^
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