20 EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER-PHIEADEEPHIA1. WEDNifeDSTr, NOVEMBER ft 1922
iMUSSOLINL ITALY S REBEL, FO UGHt TO FREE
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New Premier Braves Bugaboo of Statesmen
and Hopes te Reconcile Vatican and
Quirinal After Leng Breach
T5EVOLUTIONIST3 of history have always fought te break the Iren
grip of a hated monarch.
Revolutionary leaders of history have always fought te dethrone a
despotic power.
But the world today witnesses the rare spectacle of a rebel leader
fighting te save his King and break net the monarchical rule, but the
fetters which were crushing that rule.
Benite Mussolini, once rebel leader of the Fascist!, is new Premier of
lUly in the name of his King.
Mussolini and his hosts of Fas-
W
eistl have freed their monarch from
the control of stay-at-home radicals,
who, shirking the duties and the
hardships of war, seized the reins of
Government and tried te tie it te the
tail of the Bolshevist klte of Messrs.
Lenine, Tretzky & Ce.
Mussolini and the Fascist! have
wen. Radicalism, communism, syn
dicalism, Bolshevism all are driven
te cover. The King has thanked the
rebel-insurrectionist and they have
exchanged pledges of mutual admi
ration and loyalty.
And new this startling Mussolini
is attacking another tradition which
has been a part of Italian Govern
ment policy since 1870.
Rebel May Reconcile
Vatican and Quirinal
He wants te bring about a recon-1
ciliatien between the Pepe and the
King between the Vatican and the
Quirinal.
Since 1870 every leading politician
sedulously has avoided this danger
ous question. It is leaded with
dynamite. Any definite attempt te :
settle it was regarded as a quick
method of political suicide. '
But Mussolini seems te thrive en
unprecedented' actions that would be
suicidal te most men. He has done
that all his short life.
He was a Socialist first a rabid, !
radical Socialist and the editor of ,
one of the reddest of Socialist news-1
papers.
Then the war came and with it the i
refusal of his Socialist brethren te
rally te their country's defense. :
pears te us Fascistl as somewhat
anachronistic in reality.
"I affirm that the Latin and im
perial traditions of Rome are today
represented by Catholicism. I
affirm that thcre is tedny in Rome
only one ideal which makes a world
wide appeal, and it is the ideal which
radiates from the Vatican."
and the American Red Cress. The
woman have no national organization
nor hare they adopted any formal name.
They are simply known by a tltle which
might correspond te "Feminine Fas
cistl." .Since the first uprising of the Fas
cistl these women have been even mere
tireless tbnn the men In cembntlng
the forces of socialism and belshevlsm.
They de nut take part in the actual
nrmed fighting, but they are equally
valuable lit the work they have done In
spreading among the wives and families
of the Italian laboring classes the the
ory that socialism Is unpatriotic ami
that the destiny of their country re
quires a return te government along
mere conservative lines.
When Mussolini first entered Naples,
he was surprised te find the warm wel
come that awaited him. He had gene
in Naples with the intention of convert
ing It te the doctrines of the Fascistl.
He found it already converted and enthusiastic.
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That disgusted Mussolini. He was,
first and foremost, a patriot; he (
loved his country with an all-em-1
bracing devotion that knew no party
and no creeds in her hour of peril. ,
His socialism, he thought, was for
his country's geed. But when war I
revealed it in all its lack of patriot
ism, he turned ngninst the doctrine,
flouted all radicals who refused te
fight and himself went into the army '
as a private.
And he fought as rabidly for Italy ,
'and civilization as he had fought for
socialism. He has a hundred scars
en his body today te bear testimony
that he had no arm-chair job in the '
army.
And, after the war, came revelu-1
tien that might have meant im-1
prisenment and execution for any '
ether man. But for Mussolini the
premiership I
And new he dares tackle the ex
plosive preposition of restoring the
influence of the Vatican in the
affairs of the Quirinal. Truly, there
seems nothing that Mussolini is
afraid te face.
Mussolini's attitude toward the
Reman Catholic Church is well
known in Italy. About a sear age,
speaking in the Chamber, he said:
"The problem demanding most
te
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Pretty "Queen of the Black
Shirts" Had, Great Part
. in Final Victory for
Bloodless Fascisti
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factories -and proceeded te undo what
little geed the war had done.
The King attended Iieavy state din
ners and received American tourists
and unofficial observers from Wash
Ington. He even took a vacation and
went In bathing, assisting in the rescue
of a grounded boatload of fishermen.
The Premier wrung his hands. He
sat en a boiling pet of coalition, which
s in England, showed signs of no
longer wishing te coalesce. Frem Milan
te Palerme business limped, politics
seethed and sedition spetfted from every
street corner. The world was turned up-
Then ca'me Benite and turned it right
side up again. BXr a wnue nuer inc
. -tfimaniini tvu content te remain
at the head of the Italian equivalent of
the American Legien. e eia nei neoi neei
tate te try his hands at politics.
n'Anniinzle Qnbrlcle the neet. sol
dier, patriot and flllbustcrcr was
amusing the world and dumfounding
the Treaty of Versailles and Its proud
parents by occupying Flume. That lit
tle bonflre of national burnings and
Yearning lighted another flickering
flame back en the soil of Italy. Benite
had a great vision.
He had his organisatien. It was only
800,000 In numbers but a whole nation
In aRplnitlens. They adopted the sign
of the fasces, these bundles nf reds,
tied together nbeut the ax of their of
fice, and carried by the licters as they
preceded the chief magistrates when
Reme was the mistress of the world.
Thcv steed for law and order. Hence,
the Fascistl.
Black Shirt Succeeds .
Red as Real Symbol
Until after the war, the red shirt
meant much In the history of Italy. It
was worn by Garibaldi, who conducted
his red-shlrtcd guerrillas up and down
the "Id Itnllun provinces, welding to
gether the unquestionable spirit of the
dead Carers, while Cavour tat in his
study and Issued lengthy denunciations,
with hit tongue In his cheek and Ills
eye winking merrily, out of sight of the
Ambassadors of the Great Powers. The
- I
oieoaicnn riujuncn. n nam JITCS, Hfh
uruun euro, uaiiuiinu Kuuieiy agniait bW
head ; ana no nss jewis, net heavy, beT
giving premise of future weight. HsiKi
feet a soft hat, which Is never or
straight, and which is always in ntiiZ
rcblecklng. Clad in' his flowing ciev
coat, no is every men a general In Mb
Itlcs. His civilian clothes enhancebh'
strikingly military bearing by aZ
luusc, win; wuuiuu
Italian Army Leyal
Te the -Royal Family
xne irnuan Army was intensely lam
te Its King, Victer Emmanuel IIIT5
feared Mussolini bad been polnened wmV
the virus of renubllcanlsm. Offiew. .i
men alike mentioned his name witj j
niisvu ticurBws, nuiug 01 Ule IDOII-
ders and a dlshlav of thumbs down.
A public declaration by Benite that
his Fascistl were loyal, stanch for tB
King and upholders of the menarchM
system, swunz the army into line tu
peasants In the Alps foothills, theyoesi I
men along the Apennines, the werknt'l
in me ie tuner luciunes nnu ineimua
I gniiierure vi eiciijt wvru ler mm 0C '
At first the Italian Cabinet mnght te
stem the inrushlng tide of revolt. It
held meetings and talked at length, b
found no solution. It was no seen tW
the Treasury was in the threes of ur.j
nnen. ji-remier racia aamuiea te DM
colleagues mat me marcn deck te nor
malcy had found the nation out of itn.
Minister of the Treasury Parateri
talked nf tying up the Treasury, but Ue
threat was hollow and se very empty,'
Fullr armed. 1.0OU.000 stremr. id
Fascistl marched en Reme with eah
one slogan : "We want action."
Florence, l'lsn and Cremona halki
them with open arms. The Cemmunlit
I'nrty etncinlly withdrew from tin
scene, released its partisans irem that
oaths and even their Dcnuties realm-d.
"He likewise," cried th? populace, aei
i ue King saiti neining.
Then the eventful meeting of the Ktat,
and Muse1inl. His Majesty publld;
member of the Fascisti in Parllnmnt
una a military authority of censlderaut
Dina Bernabel, leader among the women
aides te the Fascisti
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urgent solution is the problem of ( it.iliim cixinteip'irt nf the AiivniMii
relations between the Church and i I.eaien Tnc iul' nil ynung men and
Cil T?n t.nt,. .,., . v,.,,. their Jimth l one of the be.lRt of
State. Fer twenty years we hae MlltV)lin whp,.viir ,IP M.hh r ,!,,.
become imbued with the idea that In pw.rv ,,,, ,tt Itlllv ,shl,rP thP1.
tne Vatican is a Kina ei eia, mood- i u li-aneh nt tn i-a-nsti men
Benite Mussolini, chieftain of the Fascist! and head of the new ,
Italian Ministry
Rebel that he is, Mussolini may ' An investigation showed that thin ,
be nble te bring about this great ! "'"J e.'ref, T 1,1 1
change in Italian sentiment just as . cnldegrrms uh "The Jenn of Arc of the
he has brought about the ovcrthiew FneUtl."
.... .,, P . i. i i , Th s seung woman s nnmn Is Dnn
of the irresponsible Socialists and ,,,.,.,, 8he has n uth nn.llM.iuty
Reds who were bent en wrecking the which of themsclvct- would make In-i u I
whole structure of their modern , tble rhararter te huie ..ii he prom
, ... I Inent n place In a iiutlemil uprlMtiK.
civilization. ii, i ndditlen she has u perenalliy ,
ittul a compelling genliih for oniteiyi
that multe her speeches sweep llku
wildllnj through her tvmperamvutal
IiuUhh audlenee.
Ne country enn present in its history
tills remarkable picture of u popular
rebellion maun net te destroy
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improved the opportunity nnd liad en
trenched themselves in political power
cM-ry where.
It was ii dangerous situation, espe
cially In the northern part of Italy,
around Bologna, Mnuttia, Milan ami
Ferrura. The, "Ited" labor uiilmis net
only controlled the factmj Mirkery,
red shirt set the Heuse of Snvev en
the throne of n united Italy and 'ban
ished AiiKtrin te the ether side of the
Italian Alps. It was the Hag of triumph
and the shirt of the patriot.
The Fascist! adopted the black shirt
by way of eentrust. Italians. It nm
ie sali , fipht their internal battles in
hut tlw.v nlnii celltriillcil t Tin ih.i I. tiltn....! ' i
..... ...w, .-.- -- .. uii-ir Niiiri Nieevcs, i;inil lit their blnek
laborers. In" that part of the country Ulrtn. the Tasclstl gnthere, "re h
there are many laiw estates. Theto. The Communists began e tnlh le der
clulltit unions undertook te nut t in urn 'i'i... ..1...11....1 .i.., ' . ""B.iir.
Inud.nwners out of buslm by ,t,lnr. ' "I I f T. J Tanlm. tevT,"
Inn striken. Creps were le-t for want of i'sa Wns marked un one iIp1i...i1i
of gathering. In some districts dm rhslk, iZtw" newj ! hlcl stem
teaux were seized by the Ceimaun Mm for ,,n i,n... . .... """" Ftne"
Mussolini as he appeared in Reme after triumphal entry
parnllels among statesmen of the day.
As has been said Mussolini ran a
violent anti-government paper before
the war. Then came Italy's entrance
Inte the conflict ngninst ber old tee
Austria, and Mussolini, an ardent pa
triotic at heart, called upon his Social
ist comrades te forget their political
doctrines nnd te take up arms for the
glory of the Fatherland.
. Hut Italy's lighting men went te the
front In 11)15 and the Socialists availed
themselves of the opportunity te dig
themselves In and strengthen their or er or
ganisateon at home,
Mussolini was disgusted with them.
In violent pretest, be quit his paper,
denounced Socialists nnd socialism,
joined the army and went fe the front.
Willing te Take Place
With Flume Firebrands .
He did net seek any easy berth be
hind the lines, but JefneaVD Annua
ste's bands of Ardltl," .,-,.;.
. .Mk.U - i ,,Aay,laaVataaarJ
'r
Ian armies tlieRe Ardltl did such fern fern
eleif work that they became the terret
of the Austrian front.
Whenever the Austrian reduced (
mountain position by cencenttnted ar
tlllerj tire, these Arditl Itp-et the weil.
of ronielldatlnn of positions. Tlie
would crawl forward under the shallow
of iiIkIiI, burl their bombs Inte tin
Austrian trenches and when tbeli
grenades were gene they would jumi
into the diieuts with a kulfe in eneii
hand te finish whntever work theli
bombs bud failed te accomplish. Thej
took the heart out of the Austrian ad
vanees and made a fine school of patri
otism and self-sacrifice for the train
ing of the man who is tedny I'reuilei
of Italy.
Mussolini' body bears the scare of
ever 100 wounds picked up In this
rccklctis style of liand-te-liaiid fight
ing, Like all Italian patriots, he
iclerlcs In these scars and uelnts te
them as the guarantee ei ma goea in
tentlen and the araackaf'' brave deads
dens for love
and the owners driven out. Socialist
unions' Htnkcd out claims en private
property, marking the hnundnrlus with
the red ling ami proceeded te cultivate
the laud for their own profit en a co
operative plan,
A lilmilar Communistic movement
took place among the unions of factory
workers in various parts of Italy.
Workmen Invsded the plants nnd ap
propriated them for their own uses.
The red Hag was mmli In evidence
everywhere, nnd sometimes It lmre the
llelshevist symbol of the ' ScjtliH anil
Hammer." Socialists deputations wen.
Ollt til Mo.eCOW te consult With l.fllllic.
vhe gave them his blcsulug ami advice,
'Government Made Only
Shew of Resistance
These uprisings met with only a feeble
'.'hlstanee trem the Italian Oevcrnincut.
.uenl ellicluls were, In ninny cases, Se.
uillsts who looked en with Njmpathy
ml approval. The central authorities at
tome were paralysed by the powerful
ncmilxt bloc iii rnriiaiiicut, amj the
eiiMenutive clement, both In Purlin
.nut and throughout the country, was
e much divided te nut up it strong re-
ihtiince. Fer u while It seemed that n
communistic minority would subdue the
Italian nation, us their fellows bad done
n Hiiisin,
The Italian soldiers were sent te war
with grand hurrahs, and after the light,
lag was done were told te return te
normalcy, juRt as in nil the ether coun
tries, The march back te before the
war was fraught with nil falls, chasms
and itwiti mountain aides. Xermntnw
refused te raarei... .The lira waa at M
i - . ...Ij17La J -. Jll ,. . - -" 1
or country.
People Called te Him
Te Restore Real Order
Disgusted, the people of Italy turned
with a sigh of relief te the call sunt
out bv Henlte,
"The Government Is dnmiieil," be
suld, or words tn that effect. "I will
he the Government nnd save it."
And se the Fascistl came Inte the
same te stay.
They have one nf thn mm. ,imni.l.
able patilets at their head the world
hns jet . gimed upon. He Is almost sx
teet tall. He stands ubnvu the bend"
of his follower, shakes bis bread and
capable shoulder, squares his henvv.
ntelrrant juw, blows Impatlentlv
nreugii his full, purposeful lies mid
aen proceeds t talk. When he talks
he orders. "Frlenils, Remans, (eun-
omen!" Stuff like that menus ueth-
te hlm. It's "De this nnd de it
new. I)i thai and shake u leg."
llwv'e who have seen him address
his follew,.rM Wly t, mNt im,,riWH,V(l
... :. .. "!" " '""an nisierv is
!. ii " "'.' I,0'l""s hall him with
old salute, right hand open, right
lirill raised tn nrrui..l -.l..'.. ' ,h"1
hes a high forehead, heightened
hv the receding line f hair, wlilel, i,,;
........ ...irs ciirciuiiy earicred, He
bj IesIiik his dark thatch nnd l :..ii .
r.i.T.1 .i1' -A. "'". . W runs
Vi "7 "?" 'vring i is teuinies bin
otherwise he leeks the young inn I e l"
He Is new In his forties. IBs eyebrows
nre beaut fnl v m..n...i iJ.- '. ',ur'.ws
frown, i ; i :,: w : ": ' " pel '
ssJ9SXSS.
LiT' ,"n iiMur Bretrudin. ...
tnlldlng In the community of Inierael
Italian iiffnlrs. This wan iniieweu n
lienltn's arrival in Heme and hl
limns te the Oulrlnal.
fl.l . ... I V-l-al.
mere no promptly accepted tne iini
lltllinultntl.i,. In.'l.nf l.. (a form n MlB'
Ntrj. Henlte offered and accept!
three portfolios, the premiership
.uuusiries ei internni nnu eoreiguw eereiguw
fairs. Diaz, Here of War,
Toek Cabinet Place
That his enemies and deubmH
riieinnscH might hnve something te cm
about while he organized Ids Oevenv
ment, Ilenite lest no time in iiersuaalal
General IHiu, here nf Italy's rni'
ilesciMice in thu war, te become Jllniiw
of War mid Admiral Theeti dl Heval,
the idol of the fleet, te accept the finanei
pest, 'i ins was an array tlmt no eppy
sit en In Itnllim iw.llll.w could Will'
stand Henlte at the head of his relHW
war veterans, near million trade union
Nts. the il'AiiniinzIn partisans nreMM
iieiuis ei tne army and the navy.
threw up the sponge and asked te 0"
allowed a rear seat en 'thu Mini wngen.
Italy's war legion had taken control
of the Government. As faveur sat "
his study n,l Issued wordy hut ethrt'
wise harmless manifestos ngninst Gn!
bnldt In tin L-nnii fttii iinH of the rn
shirt, se did Victer Emmanuel HI I
en a vocation en the eve of the JP
rising in the days of the black. A
the fact that neither dlsplajeil tJ
sllalitest Intention of sending the nM
limb of authority after the uprlsirj
leaders shows that Italy's King lenrees
a great lessen from the life "L" .!
in..,., Li.,..,. .... ...... in, Tlie nm
Italian hand of tradition Is net nlf?
nianlpiiliiteil bv a dreaded De Mm'
It has Its beneficent dee.ls te pcrtem
ob well.
Te AmerlemiR Hut Pnselstl mlT I
like a cnt.n of mil nf the frying
llltlt lliu II... ...int. ....,! .ilillClllI(in i
into the Umbe of hidebound rescue
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