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. PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
r . tcrnVt n' K' CURTIS. Pbmidbnt
Jehn C. Martin, Vice rrldnt and Treaaurari
;?.."?!!(. 3llri. Secretary) Charli-n H. I.udlnK-SRSrn,,,,,n?-
Cellins, Jehn II. William". Jehn J.
BDurBeen, Geortre P. Goldsmith. DavM n. 8mllcy,
JtflTectOTH.
PAVTD B. BMtLBT ,
.Htllter
JOHN C. MAnTtK....Qfnral Dmlt. Manager
Published dally at Pcat-ie Lkihiib Uullding
Independence Square, Philadelphia.
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. aUUHCItlPTION TEIUM
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erlberi In Philadelphia, and nurreundlnir tnwna
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te the carrier,
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fe nil fereicn rnuntrlea nie ($1) dollar a menl'i.
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BEM, JO0O WALNUT
KEY.TONn. MAIN 1501
KTAddrcsa all communtcatlent te Evening rublle
Ledger, Independence Square. Philadelphia.
Member of the Associated Press
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS U exclusively eti
titled te the use for rrpubliciitfe-t e tiff news
flapalch's credited te It or net otherwise credited
In this paper, and alae the local ucu'a iiuIWfjfifd
therrln.
Alt right of republication of special dhvatchci
Jicrem are nie reserved.
Plutiilrlplila, KrIJar, tu(uit 4, 112:
THE CLEAN-SLATE PROPOSAL
IX A NATION nefitii) Ins as (5rMt IS.itnin
docs tli- role of creditor mid ili-bter in
relation te several rcut Governments of tlic
world, it is net surprising te tind a dispo
sition for wiping tinnncinl slates olenit nnil
effacing lit once both claims nnd obligations.
It is the principle involved in such an
imagined net which Lord Balfour lias
fought te justify in ills note te the Allies,
containing nn eppcnl for "one great trans
action" te settle the problems both of war
lennH nnd of German reparations.
A keen conception of national self-interest
is manifested in this proposal. As a
Rpcci.il pleader for that Government in
which he occupies n Cabinet pest, Lord
Balfour bus made his point with charac
teristic adroitness. It is as a rcipe for
what would be intended as n world accom
modation that the argument betrays defects.
In the first place, the positions of the
United States and Great Urania with re
gard te debt claims and leans are by no
menus identical. Alene of nil the Allies in
tiil.s situation, the United States Is a credi
tor nnd nothing else. Tin- balancp which
might be attnlm-d in Cngland. and t( some,
though much less, extent in Krnnee by a
feneral absolution deal, could net be
achieved In this country.
Lord llalfeur's intimation th.it. In the
event of the adoption of a general canci-lla-tlen
program, (ireat Ilritnln would be will
ing te forge "all further right te German
reparation" has mere the semblance than
the reality of a lefty idealism. Hven if the
dbt of Great Kritain te the United .States
and the debts of ether Allies te Great
Britain were extinguished in a comprehen
sive settlement, Lord Ualfeur's country
would still be well paid.
Compensation has already taken the form
of German ships and large territories for
merly German colonies.
Xet alt Americans are im lined te ie-v
the debt question with the mercenary harsh
ness implied by Lord Halfnnr in his note.
which is plainly as much designed for con
sideration by the United States as by these
Government h te which it Is directly ad
dressed. The dispatch of n copy te Wash
ington is further confirmation of this fart.
The iew has been held In some quarters
that the United States war leanarnTtha
Allies were in a way a contribution te vic
tory, and that, with that object attained,
demnnd for repajment is us indefensible as
wrtuld be u demand that we should In- reim
bursed by our fellow belligerents for tlip ex
penses of our armies during the conflict.
This Is the extreme idealist view, strongly
countered by the conviction that the condi
tions of the lean were fully understood at the
time of their making and a debt honestly
transacted should be paid. It is unques
tionably the opinion of Congress, and seems
te have been that of the Wilsen Adminis
tration and of the Harding Administration
thus far.
What roost Americans: would most earn
estly desire tn see before the "great trans
action" formula is accepted is a modifica
tion of excessive and uncellectable repara
tion claims, some indication in Lurepc of
the adoption of sound financial ideas and,
most of all, a marked reduction of Kurepean
armaments and military establishments.
This dots net mean, of course, that
France should net be indemnified for her
less,.. through German depredations, but
that she should view the principle of com
pensation without fantastic hauvinism. As
for Great IJritain, it would be welcome
news that she has deleted the preposterous
pension item from her teparntlens bill.
If Kurene were reconstructed en a sensi
ble finiM'?al Imsis, and practical securities
of peace were visible. Americans might in
deed feel that they had been compensated for
their war leans.
In urging cancellation nnd modification
of Indemnities A.J- -Hulfaiir nzniuwa -r-
pSlh te world rehabilitation that has at
tractions, but a path which cannot be
traveled until it is cleared of many ob
stacles still extremely formidable.
THEY LEARNED SOMETHING
TIIK arrest of three teachers of history
nnd economics in the summer school at
Bryn Muwr College while they were in
yestigating a garment makers' strike was
unnecessary.
Tt Is net a crime te speak te a werkins
man or woman en the way te work. The
teachers were net "picketing." They were
seeking first-hand knowledge of industrial
conditions.
e such commendable efforts should he
discouraged. The college teachers arc tee
often theorists, with no contact witli artual
facts. And it happens tee often thnt when
they seek te come in contact with the prac
tical workings of economic laws they mis
interpret what they discover. The police
ought te be careful net te fester misunder
standings by a thoughtless exercise of their
power.
If the teachers, however, did net learn
trhat they sought, they did learn thut when
there Is n strike the police de net distin
guish closely between fementcrs of treuble
and seekers nfter information, n fact which
they might hnve knuwn in the first place.
BEARDING BAIRD IN HIS LAIR
THAT candidate for the Ilepubllcnn
nomlnnllen for Surrogate In Camden
who Is denouncing David ilaird ns the po
litical nutecrat of the city is fcaylng only
what every ene knows.
If a man wants nn office ever there he
has te BctrUnirds consent. This is because
he Camden Republicans like it that way.
It they did net like it, Unird would have no
rt power than any ether voter.
Se If Ik' iniquitous' ter nairu te exer
cise, the
bwer delegated te hliu then the
iniquity is shared by the Camden Itcpubll
cans. They arc accessories before the fact
and nfter the fact. They nre pnWfccn
cnWnfa and 4i'e semper tyvannts and every
ether thing which describes the situation
even te the extent of peif hoc, ergo prepter
hoc.
As It takes mere than one swallow te put
n drinker under the table, it will take the
pretest of mere thnn one Cnmdcnite te piibh
David llaltd from his throne and te take
the Bcepter of power from his hand.
BOSS DYNASTY IN THIS STATE
IS ENDED WITH CROW'S DEATH
Line of Succession Starting With Simen
Cameren New Being Broken, Plnchet
Has a Great Opportunity te Re
deem the Party
By GEOKGE NOX McCAIX
milE death of United Statc3 Senater
Willlnm R. Crew marks the end of a
political dynasty that has existed in Penn
sylvania politics for three-quarters of a
century.
It began when Simen Cameren, the son
of a Lancaster County tailor, as editor nnd
politician, united the warring factions of
the Democratic Party In IliuUs County.
That apparently Inconsequential event sig
naled his first triumph as a political
manager.
Prem then en down through n succession
of j ears, marked by alternnte victories and
defeat, until he died nt his home .Tune, 1SS!.
at the age of ninety jears. he held, prac
tically, the Republican politics of his native
State in the hollow of his hand.
At the outset Simen Cameren was con
spicuous from the fact that he was the
leader of the worst elements of the Demo
cratic Party, His national enreer began
when, as the representative of the Gov
ernment, under President Van Ilurcn, he
effected nn understanding with the Win
nebago Indians. He entered the United
States Senate In 1845 as the successor of
Tames Buchanan. In 1801 he became Sec
retary of War in the Cabinet of President
Lincoln. He resigned in 1S02 and later was
mude Minister te Russia. He re-entered the
Senate in ISfSO. was re-elected six years
Inter, nnd ended a memorable career In
1ST", when he resigned In favor of his son,
J. Donald Cameren.
By this latter act the Cameren dynasty,
as It has been called, was perpetuated : net
through merit, but by the grossest case of
nepotism In Pennsylvania hlsterj .
The career of .1. Donald Cameren, the
second of the Heuse of Cameren te control
the politics of the State, was marked by no
distinguishing nit of public service. He was
Secretary of War in President Grnnt's
Cabinet in 1870 and was chairman of the
Republican National Committee in 18S0.
A Princeton mnn of the class of '52, he
had made a large fortune out of the North
ern Central nnd Pennsylvania Railroads
nnd various coal nnd Iren manufacturing
nnd land enterprises. He was cold,
austere nnd unsympnthetlc by nature,
though with his intimates, nt least, he is
said te have been companionable.
Had it net been for the controlling power
of his father in politics nnd the willing
subservience of n ninchine Legislature, ,T.
Donald Cameren could never have succeeded,
through virtue of his per-ena'ity or previous
service te the party,. In securing election te
the United States Senate.
-iiit
In the meantime, during the senior Cam Cam
eeon's time, there had been growing Inte
politics a figure In the western part of the
State who answered te the name of Matthew
Stanley Quay, the destined third head of
the Cameren monocracy.
He was able, shrewd, daring and unscru
pulous. Besides, he was a natural leader
of men. He fought his way te the front,
and Inte the Senate, by a combination of
corporate interests and the financial aid of
men he had helped nnd officials he hnd made.
Audacity and the nblllty te "shake the
plum tree" were Matthew Stanley Quay's
chief assets as a master politician.
Scandals about the State Treasury
reached their zenith during Quay's regime.
He made himself the storm center of some
of the most notorious episodes connected with
the fiscal affairs of the Commonwealth.
Senater Den Cameren, like Senater
Philander Chase Knox later, tared little
about the detailed work of the political
machine. Quay's ability and readiness of
resource made him the logical successor of
Cameren, nnd it was the Iatter's financial
nsslstance that both made and saved his
cellenguc. ,
Quaj's light for le-eleetlen te the Senate
in the memorable deadlocked session of 1S09
had, for unsavory environment, no counter
part In Republican State history. The
notorious Lebe, Maneer nnd Wagenscller
nitnlr with its odor of bribery and corrup cerrup
lnlv nUiJ-4f-2&ra lifted Simen Cameren
into the Senate, Is the nearest approach.
Quay did net hand the crown te Beles
Penrose. The latter assumed it at Quay's
death in 100-1. There was no opposition.
Anyhow, Penrose had been performing
Quay's detailed work for years. He thought
himself entitled te this succession, and he
was, i
The election of Philander Chase Knox te
succeed Quay did net affect the situation,
or the question of leadership, se far as
Penrose was concerned. Knox was net a
politician. The honor enfolded in the sena
torial toga was sufficient te sutlsfy his
ambition.
Tims it came about that for eighteen
years Beles Penrose, as rhe residuary
legatee of the Cameren dynasty, discharged
his trust in accordance with the machine
traditions of his predecessors and the
standards they had established. Jieles
Penrose was a slave te the organization ;
paradoxically, the organization was his
alnve.
The death of Senater Knox was William
E. Crew's opportunity. Frem his early
entrance Inte politics he had been a
machine- politician. A county leader he had,
by seniority and faithfulness of service,
rather than outstanding political r.blllty,
been thrust Inte a position due (e geo
graphical location and leadership ts State
chairman, where he could claim his reward.
At no time in the fifteen years of his
service In the Senate or as State chairman
did Crew; rise te any commanding heights.
He wnB 'a kindly, courteous man, but tee
suspicious of his co-workers and tee careless
of his political obligations te command an
outstanding position ns a great leader.
He did net survive his elevation te party
leadership, which Ud fallen te him through
the death of Scnafyr Penrose, eng enough
EVESltfG PUAbl6 LEDGER-PHILAbELPHIA
te prove his ability in the wider field of
national politics.
Because of his disabilities he never un
dertook te exercise the duties of his office
en the fleer of the Senate.
There the story ends,
Willi htm the Inst representative of the
Cnincren-Qiiny dynasty gees westward into
the obscurity of political night.
In every Instance, with the exception of
Senater Crew, the central figures In this
progressive political regime were oppor
tunists. The first Cameren started his career ns a
Democrat, nnd closed It as the Republican
"Sage of Denegal," after embracing Know Knew Know
Xethluglsin, J. Donald Cameren, a Republican by In
heritance, became tainted with the sliver
fallacy, created n breach In his patty nnd
nllenntcd many of his supporters before his
retirement.
Senater Quay, while never a deserter from
the organization, in name nt least, wns mere
than encp t lie controlling power In the
Democratic Party In Philadelphia by virtue
of his financial persuasiveness, nnd In
certain districts In the Stnte whose leaders
submitted te his dominance for reasons of
temporary advantage.
Beles Penrose entered upon the stage of
State politics as a reformer. He was both
ardent and enthusiastic in the cause of
civic righteousness. But his ardor waned
and his enthusiasm died in the presence of
the greater opportunities presented by the
Republican machine organization. He net
only adopted its principles nnd its methods
of manipulation, but he hiKnmc their highest
exponent in his time.
The Indictment thnt history brings against
the Cnmeren-Quny dynasty is its ruthless
daring nnd inconsiderate subjection of the
public geed te selfish nnd personal in
terests. Whatever there Is of law en the statute
books, designed te protect the purity of the
ballet and prevent the exploitation of public
office for private gain, that Is beneficial nnd
high-minded In accordance with the prin
ciples of geed government wns, almost
without exception, forced from these
dynastic chiefs or was reluctantly acqui
esced in by them.
The Republican Party in Pennsylvania
nfter thrce-qunrters of a century of machine
politics stands new upon the threshold of
its greatest opportunity.
Inte the hands of Gifferd Plnchet will
be committed Its fate, nt least during this
transition period. The constructively henet
and earnest majority of the party is at his
back. The opportunity is nt hand.
The evils that have tarnished the party
name for all these years still exist. Their
latest recrudescence occurred in Hnrrisburg
in the Treasurer's scandal during the last
few months.
Gifferd Plnchet needs te blaze a new
trail. He will encounter obstacles and meet
opposition from the survivors and servitors
of the dynasty that Is dead. Other un
worthy hands will try te snatch the stand
ard of leadership from his grasp.
With determination and tact, nnd fear
lessness te assume the leadership, regnrd
less of unworthy opposition, there Is pre
sented te Mr. Plnchet n new future lying
ahead of the party in Pennsylvania that
wns net possible under the old regime.
Mr. Plnchet has the opportunity.
With that oppeitunity gees the faith of
"the people.
SHORT CUTS
Tull speed ahead ; new the -Fair has a
head.
Meteorologically August has set out te
rival July.
It cannot be denied thnt the President
has notable patience.
Dissension appears te be the only thing
nowadays that doesn't lack fuel.
Missouri is apparently unable te dif
ferentiate between n Reed and a Corncob.
Berlin's anti-war parade would be mere
impressive if the same thing hadn't hap
pened in BUI.
Frem Oklahoma Alice Robertsen get the
O. K., and Manuel Herrick, meeting re
verses, the K. O.
"De Vnlcra Exhorts Rebels te Mnke a
Stnnd." IJut perhaps they have grown
tired of his chestnuts.
Dr. Albert Einstein's decision te ab
stain from all public appearance is, of
course, subject te relativity.
Senater La Follette is suffering from
threat trouble. Sympathy is tempered by the
knowledge that he'll have te Htep talking.
Lightning upset a Philadelphia city of
ficial, made a Haddonfield boy turn n dou
ble somersault and stripped a Trcjnten
Easlen, Pa., motorists returning from
New .Jersey points report hnving been chased
bv a pack of wolves between Belvldere and
Hnckettstewn. Vodka wolves, perhaps, from
Siberia.
American girls are startling Deauville,
France, with bathing suits of "Intimidating
scarlets and violent orange, with bogeyman
designs." JIush, hush! They'll catch you
If they can !
Ganna Walska plans sixty dnys of "di
vorce mourning" two months of quiet
meditation. But her press agent will be
ns busy ns ever. There is no rest for him,
the peer fish,
Lndv Aster has Introduced a local ontien
measure in the British Heuse of Commens.
There it is considered ns the thin end of the
wedge of prohibition. Here It would be con cen
sldercd the very opposite.
.lust hew far n press agent will go te
promote travel is indicated by the story of
the Lake Hopatcong, N. J., girls who Insist
upon bnthing In no-piece bathing milts. Oh,
well! Let September mourn. This is only
August.
Bee stung a Spring Garden, Pa., girl
while she wulted in Baltimore marriage
license office. "It's all right, honey," con
soled the bridegroom. "Any bee might make
the mistake." Meaning, of course, she was
sweet as a rose.
,
New Yerk magistrate has ruled that
without a permit a bachelor can't move his
cellnr when he marries. That, says Demos
thenes McGinnls, Is where the li w has a man
en the hip. Why can't the requisite permit
be printed en the marriage license?
Premier Peincnre is Raid te favor a
nlan te make the Rhlnelnnd un independent
stnte In the event of the German Govern
ment refusing te fulfill the agreement for
the payment of private debts of Germans te
French citizens. War's Kftermath Is just
one little Imtc begetter ajjer nnethcr.
as one Weman sees it
The Matter of a Tariff Schedule, It
Would Appear, Is Net Wholly Un
connected With German Com
mercial Guile
By SARAH I). LOWHIB
AXKAR neighbor of mine has been
much in Washington this year In con
sultation with the committee of the Semite
that has the duty of drawing up the tariff
schedules. Xe doubt his Interests hnve made
his interest worth while In the matter of nt
least one of the commodities Involved en thnt
schedule, but he would be as nenrly judicial
even with regard te thnt as it Is possible for
a man born with n conservative mind te at
tain. He has struck me aR mere harassed
thnn honored by the responsibility of acting
ns ndvlser. lately especially. It appears
from the fragments he lets fall thnt since
Penrose's death there has hern no com
manding voice that could be relied upon te
abide by convictions through the thick or
thin of conflicting pressures. ,
Smoot seemed n person of calculable
qualities, one with his car net te the ground
nor his head certalnlv in the stars, who
having made up his mind abided by the de
cision until lately. Lately he has shown
signs of reconsidering dcbntnble matters thnt
Penrose would have considered closed. The
junior Senater from Connecticut has certain
qualities of leadership that is. of knowing
his own mind but he does net override ns
Penrose used te, or ns Smoot was judged
by some as willing nnd ns able te de. The
consequence is that these Senators most In
volved In the preliminaries of the affair
show a tendency te doubt their own de
cisions apparently In u manner disconcerting
te such expert advisers as my neighbor, who
supposed the long preliminary debates had
at least wen a united committee front.
OF COURSi: everything even the ..oel
schedule In the report of that Tariff Com Cem
mitteemust have been the result of com
promises. A gigantic attempt te find the
least common multiple or the greatest com
mon divisor! Hew disconcerting then when
the very men for whom the compromise was
niad- hew disconcerting te have them want
te de the whole calculation ever agnin with
a dozen or se mere conflicting factors! The
hesitancy is net nppnrently sporadic. There
appears te be a pretty general funk. These
who were presumably responsible for the de
cisions en the documents te be submitted te
the Senntc seem uncertain whether or net te
disavow conviction en various clauses. It
hns been suggested, se I lenrn from my
neighbor and adviser, thnt there has been
some disintegrating influence nt work. It
is net wholly popular clamor, for popular
clamor has net yet been able te mnke Itself
heard in a unanimous way, let alone In nn
Intelligent way. My neighbor muttered
something about German influence, nnd left
It nt thnt. He wns noncemlttnl ns te his
belief In thnt nightmare left ever from the
war. And indeed when some of the group
openly scoffed nt the idea of lugging in thnt
well-worn chimera, lie made no effort te cite
his proofs, if he had, them. I thought he
came as near te it per'inps us he was able
when he threw out the questien:
"Well. then, they would interfere If it
was te their advantage, wouldn't they?'1
IT H
wa
as talking te nn American who hns
lived In Italy many jears and who has lately
built n house theie. And he told me an in
teresting fact regarding the German suprem
acy in trade in Italy which they re-established
seen nfter the peace was signed. They
re-established it with n quick manipulation
of their resources and with n schedule of
procedure that sfems te mark all their busl
ness ventures when they are out te capture
a market for their "made-ln-Gerniany
goods." They place their goods at market
able points in the country of their trade
adoption, nnd for anywhere from six mouths
te two years they sell their goods s.e greatly
under cost price thnt It is impossible for
native manufacturers te compete with them
without an entire readjustment of cupltul.
Italy directly after the war had no capital
for tills "waiting game." AlPnrent'y tier
many had. My American-Italian friend,
gave me this one Instance by way of Illus
tration. He was nsked by a retnll hardware
man In Reme te translate a German letter
for lilm received that morning concerning a
consignment of bathroom fixtures that had
been shipped te him from Germany. He wns
told in the letter te sell at such and such a
price for such and such a time and then te
go up en the price until such a time when
he was te retail nt net less than 100 per
cent mere than the initial price.
My friend, the American-Italian, thought
that'he must have misread the figures. But
the ether explained that doubling the present
prices of German fixtures told in Italy would
bring the goods te about what the Italians
could manufacture and sell the goods for
with any profit. The present figures
being absurd, he quoted the prices for bath
tubs nnd stationary wnshstands and said
that it wns tantamount te their being given
away by the German Importers. My friend
went immediately and laid In a stock of
material enough for six bathrooms, a laun
dry, etc., for the new house that lie meant
te build in n year or se. He get the whole
six for less than the piesent mar'cet price for
ene set would be today. And he watched
the prices slowly rise. 10, li.". ."() nnd the
100 per cent just ns the schedule hnd been
arranged. But before they had arrived at u
pur with tliu prevailing Italian prices the
Germans had practically cupturcrt the mar
ket and reaped the benefit of all the after
war lebuildlug and new ventures.
STRATEGICALLY, their hitting upon
plumbers supplies wns n clever, well
studied move, because the American invasion
of Europe, especially the American soldier In
Europe, had made that long-endured lack a
paramount want.
Evidently if our tariff schedule wns such
as te mnke "niade-in-Germanj" ar'icle
.pvetttBWin t-r i.T.i."ti, mi imsmess men
of Germany could at lenst be expected te
be en the spot te hinder thu bill net directly
se as xe put i uc iiciiBiuin un iiieir guarii, nut
indirectly and with an entire geed conscience
for nil concerned. And Germany would net
be alone in that endeaier, though I hanks te
her business nblllty she might be first en the
spot. It strikes one that in our tariff "parlor
chats" these of us who de net Knew schedule
A from schedule , would de better te keep
out of judgments for or ugalnst any par
ticular valuations. he knows whose
chestnuts we may be pulling out of the fire!
The plight of the Individual manufacture! s
in this country seems tee cenfust-d nud tee
much at crosH-purpewa te auew any in
tcUigent public judgment anywuy.
THE wife of a great silk manufacturer told
me yesterday that her husband's firm
had lest $1,000,000 in gross profits this year,
and were new only able te keep the mills
going four days out of six. because the
Japanese silk manufacturers were cutting In
te produce better goods at a lower price than
could be compassed at American wages and
with the duty en raw materials. A whole
town of operatives depends upon that one
plant's industry, se it is something mere
than the less te the capital involved.
When tnriff first came te be a word with
any meaning te me, It was simple enough.
The Dcmecruts, North and Seuth, were for
free trade, the Republicans of New England
and Pennsylvania were te a man for a high
tariff conversationally thut Is. This year
In the Seuth I heard and rend a geed deal
about protection for home Industries. Ap
parently ene will liave te find seiiip ether
reason ler uemg I'cuiucrui. or a uepuu-lli-iin,
slnce the mere we beconie n manu
facturing peeple the less we like te compete
with the cheap labor goods of Asia or
Europe. Seme ene suggested the ether day
that it was high time the Government pro
tected the American buy era of American
protected goods by compelling the manufac
turers te produce ns wclt-mude and iib finely
made goods as the markets of Asia nnd
K That IsJV'the tariff is raised se as te
protect American nllk.lt should be as beaut!
ful and geed as French silk; and If American
cutlery Is protected it should be as reliable
ns Kngusn cuuciv
FRIDAY, AUGUST d','
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NOW MY IDEA IS THIS!
Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphia en Subjects They
Knew Best
C. G. HOAG
On Proportional Representation
PROPORTIONAL representation In its
best form makes it easy instead of difli
cult for the average citizen te control the
cltv government, according te C. G. Heng,
general secretary of the Proportional Rep
resentation Lenguc.
"Proportional representation," said Mr.
Hoag, "deals only with the selection of
pellev-detcrminlng or representative bodies,
such' as the Heuse of Representatives at
Washington, the State Legislature and the
Philadelphia City Council ; it does net con
cern itself with the election of n single
official, such as the Mayer. Proportional
representation elects n body, which, as a
whole, Is truly representative of all who
vote te elect It : it gives each party or group
of voters Its shnre of the membership in
accordance with the number of votes which
It has polled.
Net a New Thing
"Proportional representation is 1 no
means a new thing. It is used successfully
in mere than n dozen countries of Europe,
in severnl of the British dominions, in Scot
land (for school beards) and In four Ameri
can cities Boulder. Cel. : Sacramento,
Cnlif. ; West Hnrtferd, Conn., nnd Ash
tnbuln, O. Cleveland adopted It for its
Council bv popular vote last November, but
the first election will net be held there until
102.!.
"The most important use. however, of the
proportional system In the English-speaking
world wns In connection with the recent
elections in the Irish Free State. Having
been used In Ireland since 1020 for local
elections. It was understood and acceptable
te nil sides In Siuith Ireland. And in the
trving conditions of the June elections It
proved itself of grent value. The Irish
Times comments en the results ns follews:
What would have taken place in the
existing pel'lk-11' conditions of Ireland if
hit, .Wtlnn hud been held In the single-
member nrens ued in December, 1018?
The Piovislennl Government
and the country itself would still be grop
ing In the dark as te what the people of
Ireland desired. The jiroiierjlonal sys
"in "III-. ""' timr-tfr cimJ derent 'an -attempts
save these imposed by physical
force te suppress public opinion.
If Adopted in Philadelphia
"Applied te Philadelphia, pioperlional
representation would mean the elecien of
Cltv Council In probably net mere than three
or four large districts. Each district would
elect several members, as many, of course,
ns its populntien warranted. And in each
district the balloting would be carried out
In such u way that each party or element
would be sure te elect Its fair share of the
district's delegates. If ene of the districts
,.., ,i even, for example, a party which
cast barely mere than half of the votes
would elect four members, a party which
cast two-sevenths of the votes would elett
two. and a party which cast one-seventh
of the votes would elect one.
"It is this lnst-mcntlencd feature of the
system which gives It Its name. But there
is another feature which is equally Impor
tant. I ref.-r te the opportunity which the
licst sort of proportional ballet gives the
vote te express his real will en it, regnid
less of whether the candidates he prefers
ere supposed te have any chance of elec
tion or net. nnd without the least dunger
of throwing his vote away.
"Every voter haB been confronted with
the .dilemma of : 'The candidate I want has
no chance. Shall I threw my vote awny
by casting it for htm? Or shall I vote for
the least undeslrable of the two who have
a chance, neither of whom I want?' Under
the best system of the proportional ballet
this quandary disappears. The voter can
vote for the candidate whom he likes best,
without regard te anybody's strength or
weakness and be sure that his ballet will
count. ,
Seieral Choices Marked
"All thnt the voter has te de is te mark
net only his first choice, hut his second,
third, fourth and ether choices in thcjr
order, und the highest choice en his ballet
which can be mude effrctlve will ha made se
when tli ballets are counted. The grentcr
part of the ballets, by the way, help elect
the voters' very first choice. It is this
element which lias made some nerfeptl,. ........
people rather enthusiastic about this method
of balloting. Who, for example? Well
Wresldeut Kllet, Prime Minister King f
iiiiuwu, mi.- ii.ui ui i,iijiiimI it, ii, aj.
1922
WELL, WHOSE MOVE IS IT, NOW?
'Bstm a. mm- tw -v'vtn fcA n, .in
""B- rl sj a 1 VsjWj M.-lJ . .
BT - V i M M . 1 ' - I. MM
v w
ninth, the Inte Lord Bryce, of England,
and, in our own State, Senater Pepper nnd
'Jhemns Rneburn White. These nre only
n very few of the distinguished men who
have examined nnd Indorsed the system.
"Of course, propertlonnl rcpresentntien
would give nny substantial mineritv In one
of the big districts its proportionate share
of the district delegates te the Council.
I he effect of this system Is frequently mis
understood. Persons who hnve given but
little thought te the subject sometimes go
se far as te object te propertlonnl repre
sentation en the ground that they believe
In majority rule.' Of course, we want ma
jority rule, but the propertlonnl method of
election is the one system which nssurcs It.
Our present system of election, the so se
called majority or plurality system, may and
often does result in minority rule, mere
than one-half of the Council being elected
hy less than one-half of the voters. The
reason for such a result is. of course, tliat
a huge majority in one district counts for no
mere thnn a small majority in another.
1 nder proportional representation, both ma
jority rule and minority representation are
assured, as all votes are given equal weight.
etlng Objects Confused
"There are two distinct objects te be
carried out by voting and we have been
.), ,i.i .'......:.:,'. V"" "!'" wnetner
we
........... ,-,tu uu ur net issue them
make such n decision, what is r,u.red bv
the fundamental principles of demecrac is
Te
nt ....... i"""-M'"-.- "i ui-mucracy is.
w .. Mi.n,., iinijeriiy voting, ranging the
Z Sff " nC R1,,C nmI erlty
"The ether object of vQtIniUa-t,i.r np
h?iiy J?'' ?' m- b nmhe decisions en
b?"Hf LaU ,I,e v0e"- This object is
Wholly different from the ether one; and
what is required for it is net iialeriv
Cet'a voting' HS '"', '''-' be til
quota voting. le elect seven represcntn
fives, for example, what is needed is te let
.aa.i .. b tin liiujl
lhe election of one rv,,,.,nti.
each ward, a system long used in lnanv
parts of America, was an attempt te elect
each Councilman by a quota. The'Vnly
reuble with that syslem wns that it was
the wrong kind of n quetn. It wns . si ffi"
c-lcnt number of persons who lived together
It should hnie been a sufficient number of
persons who wauled the same representa
tive. Proportional representation Is noth neth
lug but the oubstftutlen of this second kind
of quota for the first kind.
Voters Disfranchised
"The present system of electlnc Cm,.
' r" ln . Philadelphia virtual! ,t fa
e hises the thousands of voters In the several
districts who de net vote for the winning
candidates. Moreover, as the hnllet is
net ndm t of several alternative preferences
thousands even of the voters who de vote
for the winning candidate de se net because
they really wanted him. but beca ,se 0
vote for the man whom they renllv did want
wen d he only throwing their ballets own"
"Kven proportional represenlnt en ni
no of course, tnke the place of ,e Lin.
tlen te public affairs en the nart of .
citizens. But it will make'V 'fnr "ens' r
count " nVCrflK ,nB" t0 m"ke bte ve'c
The Council of Ambas
sailors has referred te
the Interim) Innni r, ..
When Peace
Really Reigns
the matter of the rlea1"' "??
unrestricted use of the Kiel Canal Tim?
one may make n pretty geed c,i,,s,' .,..
eventful decision li1 new a mat n f !' "
hut the decision will be entirely in. . perta, t
te Germany, as well n , r'(!H "f'
world, when the court really bejIm, te fun"?
It costs n Russian 200.000 rubles te
send n letter te the United States I,it V,
he gets a dollar by return mail, he thinks
It worth the money. iuiiiks
Actress christened Springfield, Mass.,
bridge w th real three-star siiifT. Wonder
hew the bridge (or these prei.-jit) steed the
htrtitn. n
r . ;. .- e
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think alike elect two men, etc
"This makes the body truly representa
tive of the voters who elected it. Ne e her
kind of body is fit te lew an, L.S ?..
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QUIZ
1. Who Invented the system of reading ft
uie annul
2. Hew did bloomers sret their nam?
3. What Is the largest city of the Amtricu
tropics?
4. Distinguish between centripetal irj
centrifugal force. t
5. Who were the belligerents ln the btt
of Blenheim and when was it feurhlt
0. What State does Senater Swanson res-
ll'Bl'IU
7. Who was Dien BouelennU?
8 Why were West Indian pirates ealltl
buccaneers?
!). Who were the Grumbletenlnns? i
10. What Is another name for the croosd creosd croesd
hog? ,
Answers te Yesterday's Quiz
1. Beelzebub, the Philistine god. wai wer-
shiped as the destroyer of flies.
ftl
Or
te
Ml
(01
.. ine dandelion Is named after a lleirt
loom, irem tne French "dent de llev
. teeth of lien.
3. Twe novels by Oliver Wendell Helrnd
nre lyisie venner" nnd "The uuarfiu
. Angel."
A ':eTCJ'A Is a prolonged hamnrw, l
tirade.
C. Geerge III was the first sovereign of Id
I n ted Kingdom of Great Britain ml
Ireland. The union was efflclillj
established In 1801. Geerge III relprt
from 17fif ,n isre
6. Cape Farewell is the" southern extrtmllr
of Greenland.
7. A cat. particularly an old female cat, I)
s -metlmcs called a grimalkin.
8. Grenadiers were se called because thj
n m. thrcw grenades In war.
3. Three Presidents of the United State)
were named William William Hfnrr
Harrison. William McKlnley and Wis
ham If. Tnft.
10. Marquetry Is Inlaid work of weed, efl
imeiKijerseu with stones, ivory, etc.
Tltrfa U'i Am MlllAkalaa '
1800 Sir Samuel M. Pete. who built tlv
anndlaiL i:ri.i cu.i x.;i ),'. u
nnginnd. Died there November 13. ISSiC
1852 Count Alfred D'fA-snv. the fameui
French society leader nnd man of fashion.
died in Paris. Hern there September 4
1 CMF) .
IS." 1 Congress provided for the establish
mem ei u marine hospital nt Detroit.
lS.'S Opening of railway and decks it
i nerneurg in presence of the Emperor Ml
Empress of the French and Queen Victerli
nnd the prince Consert. I-
1871 Schuyler Gnlfw; - "rTi''fS
fuiir,i mi ener' dr tne State portfolio irea
President Grant.
1880 Special delivery letters were at
tributed for tl.e first time In New in
City.
1008 Count Zeppelin's airship, fti
journeying from Lnke Constance te W
ence, was destroyed by a hurricane.
1010 Rumanians seized Ttndanest. dflj
Ing the Allies, and took premlneut cluW
ns hostages.
Today's Birthdays
Princess Mnrln .Tncn Hniirlifer nf IIieKltl
and Queen of the Belgians, born in Brine,
twenty-two years nge. ,
Jesse W. Rene, Inventor of the mefW
stairwny, horn nt Fert Leavenworth, M'i
sixty -one years age.
Sir Harry Lauder, the first vaudeiW'
performer te receive knighthood, born f
Portobello, Scotland, fifty-two years aite.
The Rt. Rev. Henry ,T. Mlkell, Kpiwep
Bishop of Atlanta, born at Sumter, S. &
fnrtv-nine venrs nire.
niml-lpM .T Mefnrllir fnrninr fi nvernOf
the Territory of Hnwall, born In Hest"
sixty-one years age.
Geld nuggets found !
Salted Canten, III., farm f
said te have been 1J
there by n cnrcless glacier, and farmers jj
wero planning what te de when they,;
nnmn mlillntinliiAH V.a,a ManmAf! IlIilltflH
1(1 HI (J inuiiuuutnii IIUVU (CDUIUOU j- -i
As we understand it, this glacier movtrejJJ
was a prehistoric drive, nnd the null
suggest something overlooked by the w'
lectors.
-Ss
The Balfour nete te Kurepean AUW
prompts asseveration from Senater Met uwj
that "we will never cancel our war utw'
1,.. ....... 1... ll.i .. t... ..nmtfhOW.
in- iuu. ur riKui, in course, uul. ""' A, i
the participant in authorship of the lrl
Kill lines net Imnretis llin country '
financial expert.
Tlinncrli Mm TVnnM, leneher l00"!
threatening with cane upraised, It ',,v.
llkely.thut the amateur etymologists of v
selderf, Dulsburg and Ilulirert will be c"J
upon te define- "retorsien" in the pMCHW
manner Dtigecetctl by Hqueers.
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