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tORD NORTHCLIFFE'S SPLJSHES OF INK, BACKED
1 m S '
IVITH COURAGE, WRECKED BRITISH CABINET
England's Foremost Publisher, New Seri
x ettsly III in Londen, Alwdys Get What
He Went After; He Often Traveled
Thousands of Miles te Obtain Facts
DOWNING STREET, NEWS
SOURCE, CUT OFF AFTER
FEUD WITH LLOYD GEORGE
Started With Small Publication Called
Answers and Frem There His Rise
te Ownership of Londen Times Was
Rapid; Recently Declared 5-Day
Week for Empleyes
PRINTER'S ink mixed with courage and trains that is the compound
-by which Alfred, Lord Nerthcliffc, builds and destroys.
He built a great publishing business, with mere than sixty newspapers
and magazines, reaching 25,000,000 persons a week.
He built se powerful a place for himself in the British Empire that
he could make and unmake Cabinets by the smashing force of the printed
word backed by undeniable facts.
He is credited, rightly or wrongly, with doing as much as any man
In halting the mad flight of the Prussian war chariot.
Unquestionably, he aroused England at a crucial moment in the "World
War, and almost single-handed raised Lloyd Geerge te power en the ruins
of the Asquith Government.
His constructive criticism was
never mere boldly displayed than
when he attacked Lord Kitchener of
Khartoum, then England's soldier
idol, because the right kind of shells
were net going te the embattled
temmies" in France.
He has been described as "the
most hated man in England" and as
"one of England's .saviors," a wide
enough swing of the pendulum te
snow the depths of hatred and the
heights of acclaim he has experi
enced. There has been a touch' of the
Napoleonic in his career. Critics
have hinted broadly that he is a
leeret worshiper of Napeleon.
England Reread With Interest
a "Revelation" During War
In the second year of the war, Eng
land reread with new Interest a "reve
lation" ncrlbed te Tolstoy. In a fore
east of the conflict, the re-calleil rcve
lattrn declared :
"The great conflagration will Mart
about 1912, set by the torch of the First
Arm (war) in the countries of South
eastern Europe. It will develop into a
destruction and calamity In the year
1014. In that year I sec all Europe In
dames and bleeding. I hear the lnmon lnmen lnmon
tatlens from huge battlefields.
"But after 1015 a great Napoleonic
leader enters upon the stage of the
bloody drama. He Is a man of little
militaristic training, a writer or a
Journalist, hut In his grip most et
Eurepe will remain until 1925.
"The end of the great calamity will
mirk a new political era for the old
world. There will be left no empire ei
Mngdems, but the world will form a
Federation of the United States of Na Na
teon. There will remain only four great
giants the Angle-Saxons, the Latins,
the Slavs and the Mongolians."
Men who knew or pretend te knew
Nerthcliffc did net hesitate te say thnt
aw himself described In thnt "revelation."
reunps the anonymous author of
"The Mirrors of Downing Street" had
"at thought In mind when, In his
chapter en Northcliffe, he wrote :
'He loves te frown nnd depress his
"Pa before the camera, for, like n child,
loves te play nt being somebody
'i and Romebedy with him is Napo Nape
leon I nm sure he chose the title of
Northcliffe, se that he might sign his
etes with the Initial N."
Northcllffe today Is a very Mck man.
He Irtunlly burned out his mental
nd phj slcal powers during the war
rears nnd the tumultuous years im
mediately following.
Convinced Star of Destiny
Was Guiding His Career
Has Nerthcliffc, like Napeleon, moved
"Pward te power convinced thut a star
of destiny wils Rldlng his caicer?
Napeleon has been his secret In
spiration, is the stricken Northcliffe
"W en n figurative Elba, seen te
"serge as n powerful factor In the
wMef nffulis?
r lb he figuratively en St. Helena,
with his marvelous career moving te
'sunset?
Lord Nnrthcliffe recently completed
tour thnt brought him te many cor
ners of the cnwti 'I'hn tlnle lltnr nt liln
Mlcy has been '"Find Out for Your-
Hieusaiids of miles ever lnnd
encl Sea innnn, rm.Ki..- ..!... l. ...- . 1
1 i -"v .luititijg ixiuii uu wuittiu
e Vnshlnetnn Pnnfvin.n hml fn.
'? attention of the Far East when
""tlicllffu went te AmIii te lnnL- nhent
d!r nlni'lf. One result was bis pre pre
'ctien tl,at Knslund would stand with
AOierlCu If wnn mi V,nu.en ttila
CWntry nnd Japan.
" th(l l'nltr.,1 atnfnc, l ... ..,-
., ........ ......... 4a i;tb. iiitu-
p"kl ln,J1,e Fr East," be declared In
ttnt' "lf nt "ny time ner magnlfl
tatbrf lc '" ,1,e ''"PP'nes ' dls
"1, Is there any reason why Slnga
J" should net be available for her
iJ Great Rritntn nnd America must
together In the. Far Eait or aema
time or ether they may be hanged sep
arately." It was In Manila thnt Northcliffe
said If the United States leaves the
Philippines within the next twenty
years the result will be chaos. Inci
dentally he paid a remarkeble tribute
te Majer General Leenard Weed.
"The selection of America's greatest
colonial administrator, who is also one
of her firFt citizens, ib n guarantee that
the job will be handled right," the
publisher declared.
"I have known General Weed for
many years, and I share the admiration
expressed by Lord Cremer, who, you re
member, said the only man lltted te suc
ceed him in Egypt was unfortunately
an American Leenard Weed."
Physical Breakdown Came
During Trip te Germany
After bis swing through Asia, Lord
Northcliffe began a trip through Ger
many incognito. Ills physical break
down came en that journey and after a
brief stay in Switzerland he was hur
ried home te England.
With the serious illness of "the
Chief," as his empleyes called him,
came a sudden change in the policy of
the Londen Times, England's famous
"Thunderer" and ene of bis news
papers. A sensational feud with Lloyd
Geerge began tapering off and a general
change in the Times' foreign policy was
noticed.
Te appreciate the amazement that
swept Fleet street, Londen's "News
paper Rew," when Nerthcllffc's driving
ferce was withdrawn, it is necessary te
go back te the start of his career and
trace its progress.
Northcliffe's family name is Alfred
Charlci William Harmswertli. He was
born July 15, 1S03, lrt Chapcllzed, near
Dublin, the son of a barrister prac
ticing In England. When he was
scarcely a year old. his parents re
turned te England, making their home
at Hampstead Heath.
As a boy the future viscount did net
excel in study or sports. IJut he had
the great gift of intelligent curiosity.
He was forever prying into this, that
or the ether thing, wanting te knew the
whys and wherefore.-, and storing up
Information in n fine memory.
He early developed nn inclination to
ward newspaper work. tVhen liftccn,
In the grammar school at Stamford,
Llncelnshhe, he started a little maga
zine dealing with events In the school
and neighborhood.
A year Inter he met Jnmes Hender Hender
eon, of Hcd Lien Heuse, Fleet Street,
publisher of the Yeung Felks' Rudget,
who engaged the boy te write short
articles. These contributions attracted
Sir William Ingram, owner of the Il
lustrated Londen News-, nnd ether pub
Mentions, Became Assistant Editor
of Youth When Seventeen
A 5 cur luter, at seventeen, he be
came assistant editor of Youth, one of
Sir William's papers, at a salary of
live pounds a week. It was at this
time thnt his father died. The family
was left in rather straitened ciieuin
stances nnd Alfred took tlie lead in
dltcctlng the family nffairs.
Responsibility wns another spur te
ambition. He began analyzing the
English newspapers and concluded that
for the most part they were dry nnd
uninteresting. In the next four years
he inndu plans end dreamed dreams
that were te give him phenomenal suc
cess, Frem the office of the Illustrated
Londen News he went te Tit -Hits,
where lie remained about a sear. It
was while there thnt he conceived the
Idea of n weekly pnper which he called
"Answers."
The paper was made up of short
stories, special articles, pnragrnphH,
jokes and prize competitions. Rut lie
hed llttle money and thu circulation of
his paper wns small.
In November, 1SS0, Londen was
plastered with pesters bailing the an
nouncement : "A Found n Week for
Life." The jeuthful publisher had
staked nil his money and credit en n
circulation stunt which premised that
prize te tne reader or "Answers-' wne
made the nearest guess te tbe amount
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year expleslrc shells were streaming
across the Channel.
In 1010, the Asquith Government fell
and Lloyd Ocorge beenme Prime Min
ister. Nerthcllffc's lnflucnce rose enor
mously and through all the bitter
months his optimism never dlmmeu.
Day ufter day he preached that im
perial Germany was deemed and that
the Kaiser's cause was lest the day of
the first German retreat from Paris.
In June, 1017, Lord Northcliffe came
te the United States as head of the
British War Mission. England was
buying en an enormous scale the sup
plies necessary at the front nnd back
of the lines. As High Commissioner,
Nerthcliffc directed expenditures nt the
rate of $4,000,000,000 a year.
lie returned te England in the fall
of 1017 nnd was nsked te take charge
of the Air Ministry, a new portfolio In
the RritMi Cabinet. His letter, refus
ing that pest mnrked his first break
with Lloyd Geerge.
Northcliffe severely arraigned whnt
he called official incompetence nnd saia
spenslblllty of Northcliffe's propaganda
for the victory of the Allies.
Discounting the Germun desire te ex
plnin defeat en ether thnn military
grounds there is enough of truth in
their plaints te ihew thnt Northcliffe
I was worth se.veral armies te the Allies.
The btealc with Lloyd Geerge devel
oped Inte open warfare during the Peace
Conference. He sharply criticized the
Prime Minister's leadership and Lloyd
Geerge spoke in the I'suse of Commens
of Northcliffe's "disease of vanity."
One of the sharpest of the Northcliffe
barbs was flung because of the Prime
Minister's alleged habit of overlooking
reports prepared by subordinates.
"It is currently said by his col
leagues in Paris," the Times declared
editorially of Lloyd Geerge, "that while
he Is able te read and write he does
neither."
The publisher trained his editorial
guns en the Prime Minister egaln when
prepnrntiens were under way for the
Washington Conference. He declared
that neither Lloyd Geerge nor Lord
ICurzen, the Foreign Minister, should
newsnnner. Is ft rather strange plMfcf
When I come here, I read page j5ffl
cablegrams, and especially P.undifVi'jL
- . .--- L.fl'yA1
cablegrams from Londen, nnd 1 !?c"im
thnt England Is chiefly peopled by uf 'M
fracettes. Imnecunleiis aristocrat ali.i!
four or five amazing society ladle,ti&
'fashionable beauties.' whose namel aeat '. -:M
antics nre recorded, and whose photo!
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'T i..,ili It It- nfn nnrtii.FArl In tHfl i- if
gentlemen wue senu rncse eunany caeics r- wj
.I.-, il,... ..,,..,. t. nn. !, nlltt l!5D
liliii imm muni uu numc ifinc. .w.w Ail
ever tuere te conduct trie gigantic ei- .
pert trade of Great Hriteln, te manaf
her cotton mills, te maintain her mer
cantile fleet, carrying Fevcn-tenths Of"
ttin wnrlfl'w irnniltt! her n)ifnh!lllrltfUf
yards, apd n navy that has been heard ,JT M
of at times. i J wj
When at Heme He Sees ' .
limit Anmrinn la ITnrlt? Slfltmr,1
"On tne etlier hand, when I am at
home.'l see what an amazing fellow
I'ncle Sam Is. Apparently nature hert
Is engaged in building nothing bat
Lord Northcliffe wielding the chopsticks at the 3Iaple Club in Tokie
- 4
Lady Northcliffe
PROMOTION OF GOOD FELLOWSHIP
' ONE OF LORD NORTHCLIFFE'S AIMS
'THE promotion of geed fellowship between the United Statca and the
' British Empire is one of the policies Lord Nerthcliffc has followed
persistently.
Spaking in a jecnar vein in New Yerk some years age he said
"There have been times when, from the point of view of Jehn Bull,
we should have felt a little happier, if instead of the Pilgrims landing
en Plymouth Reck, Plymouth Reck had landed en the Pilgrims."
Becoming serious again, he praised the efforts of these who were
doing all in their peivcr te continue and further harmonious relations
between the two great English-speaking nations.
of money In the Rank of England en
a certnin, day.
The competition was an immediate
success. The number et competitors
reached a total of 718,000. and the
weekly paper wns brought te the nt nt
tentien of sevcrnl million persons.
Circulation mounted rapidly and it
seen reached 200,000 n week.
Advertising nt libernl rates wns ob eb
tnlned enlly and money began pouring
into the llttle office which had bnrely
earned expenses before. In sl months
the publication was showing u profit
of $50,000 n year. Six sears luter the
annunl profits i cached $1,00, Out).
The future Lord Northcliffe imme
diately brought out a scries of cheap
periodicals that wen circulation from
the start. They included halfpenny
comic papers, end penny papers for
women, boys mid gills. He also cs
tnbllshed Sunday paper.-, filled with re
ligious articles, serial fiction uud Sun
day school con. petitions.
Rut his ninbltleu soured even higher.
He acquired the Evening News, ie
vlved that djlng paper, and then In
swift succession suined control eer thfl
Daily .Mirror uud established the Dally
Mail, the latter issued timultnneeuslj
in Londen, Manchester and Paris,
In 1001 lie. wns created a bnrnnet,
thus becoming Sir Alfred Harmswertli,
lit. A jear Inter lie was created Huren
Northcliffe, of the Isle of Tliniict.
It wns his purchnse of the Londen
Times that carried him te tne pinnacle
of Rrltish newspapeiilem. Oddlj enough
the first public announcement of thnt
nuichase was made, in New Yerk and
wan cabled from there te Londen.
Lord Northcliffe was the guest of
honor at n dinner of the Pilgrims in
New Yerk in November, 1007. Colonel
Geerge Harvev, new American Am
bassador te Eniilnnd. sat belide the
greut publisher.
As colonel iiarvey s turn came te
speak, Northcllffe leaned toward him
nml remarked:
"l have bought the Times. The fact
is net known. Suppose you nnueunce
it."
In relating thnt incident twelve years
Inter. Colonel Ilurvey dcclured that
Northcliffe alone was prepared for the
Germany struck he and Lord North
cliffe were playing golf at Deal.
Predicted War in ,3 Years
in Talk With Harvey
At luncheon later. Colonel Harvey
leletes, Northcliffe remarked:
"Within three years we shall be nt
war." -
"With Germany?" asked Iiarvey.
"With Germany. She is nearly
ready."
"And England?"
"Has only her navy. That is all she
will have when the storm breuks.
Nothing can le none."
"And the outcome?"
"England nlwnyn wins."
At the helm of the Times nnd with
ull his ether newspapers and megazincs
carrying te millions of renders the news
of the world ns relnjed by his oignni eignni oignni
zatien, Lord Nerthcliffc easily wielded
tremendous power in Rrltish politics.
His Intciests were net In politics
alone, however. He is credited with
mnklng n fight thnt gave standardized
bread and pure milk te England. His
agitation for housing reforms influenced
the design of every cottage built In
England In late years. He raised vast
sums for public purposes.
Then came August, 1011, and the
wur. The trugic months passed, with
the Prussian war chariot racing nleng
en lis path of conquest. On May 21,
1015, Northcllffe melded a bomb out
of com age and printer's Ink that was
te have fnr-renchlng effects.
The Dally Mail printed n (lery edi
torial called "The Tragedy of the
Shells," In which the late Leid Kltch
encr, then War Minlxter. in, nmi.
sated for his fullure te send the proper
....... ! eiiuiib ie me isrituh expedi
tionary force.
"Nothing In Lord Kl.i.n.r, .
pei Ie nee suggests that he has the quali
fications required for conducting n Eu
ropean campaign In the field "
the editorial stated. "He has persisted
in sending shrapnel, a utcless weapon
in trench wnrfare. He was warned
repeatedly that the kind nt kIiaII ,..
OUlred Was a Violently Tnlntlva hnmh
which should dynamite Its way through'
the empire. Neither went, but North-
cllffe's papers were barred from receiv
ing Information nt Downing Street.
Met Lloyd Geerge's Ban
With Characteristic Aplomb
that unless there was swift Improvement
in Rrltish methods that the United
States would rightly take into its own
hands the entire management of a great
part of the war.
Northcliffe explained that he could
nerve his country better by maintain
ing independence. He wrote te Lloyd
Geerge that he preferred Independence
rather than te take office and be "gagged
by n loyalty I de net feel toward the
whole of jour administration."
Rut probably his greatest achieve- ister's. anyhow,
ment for England was yet te come. In ! Lord Northcliffe
spite of the severity of his criticisms secret of winning nnd holding ( con
he was made director of propaganda in fidence and loyalty of his cmplees.
enemy countries. He bieught all his, He brought about general advances In
go te Washington as representatives of tornadoes. Financiers are nlwaya in
4
1
I I
"Fere," yells Lord NerthclifTc
after a perfect drhe at the golf
course in Riarritz, France
and cnnble our binve men te advance
in safety."
This siimshniK attack created con
sternation in England. It sent Govern
ment lenders sciiriyln about in cltcles.
A special meeting of the Londen Stock
Exchange wns i ailed that .ime after
noon. A vote i,f lenlidcucc was given
i.era lutencner. A iinutiie et conies i
of the Ueil.v Mail was made en the fleer
of the exchnnge.
The cditerinl loosed u storm which
raged for months and led te bitter re
criminations against Noithcliffe. He
wus iiceusci of giving aid nnd i ntnfert
te the enemy. Rut lie Kept en piiutiiu
unpleasant truths about the nmiiiigi'
inent of the wnr.
Due of the bitterest attacks en North
cliffe wns made In the IIouse of Com Cem Com
eons by Sir Jehn Simen, the Heme
Secretary.
"I knew Lord Northcliffe. " he said.
"He appears te be a gentleman with
ciirieiiH liubitb, ulwns itching te de de
stiey things lie lins made, like the
prophets of Run! Eng'aml lim hew
te estlmnte the nlue of these Jaundiced
prints which nre a disappointment te
our Allies uud u snune of disgust te
neutrals,"
He Kept en Hammering;
Made Trips te Frent
Rut Nnrtlicllftp kept hnmmerinu,
hammering, liummcrlns. He mad fie.
quent trips te thu front. England began
Tvcuug id ma views, i.iej'u ueerge wa
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The Knslish journalist is shown here at the Cahu Country Club in
Honolulu after a fjelf match
newspaper genius te the task of break- pay for reporters nnd editor, in Fleet
ing the eiienu morale. street nnd established a tiw-dav week
Pamphli ts lij tlie millions fluttered for his reporters mid suli-edltm -. i .illi-1
down eir the enemy line? and in Ger- cepj readers in this count r
mini. Aiis'-lnn nnd Rulgnrian tenitery Recently lie anneutucil tlril copy
far back of the lines. The pamphlets renders en his Emiuiij News would
gine kiiewlede of Germans 't 1 mint use I work but four dajs a week He ex
losses, the array of nations opposed te ' plained that the pace rf afternoon
Iter and the hopelessness of her cause. newspaper pioduetien has iic eme in
Let tlie German commanders them- j tonsifle.l nnd will become still mere in-sehe.-i
speak for the effectiveness of i tense.
Nerlhellffe's work as director of propa prepa
rauda. Germany Lest When Men's
Confidence Was Shattered
According te Field Maishnl en lltn
denlnirg, Germnny wns net conquered
bv "iiieie mi'iinry piewess," liut liy
"the shiitterins of the lenfideuce of the
German snluiri and of thu German cl-Ulinn."
panics; the politicians nre all engaged "
in grafting: there is only one law, and f
that Is the unwritten one.
"Rut when I come here nil the Araer- "
leans I meet nre of nn extremely nor- 2
mnl type, and I find a steady growth Z
Northcliffe met this ban with char- , nnd prosperity unexampled In my per- ,
acteristic aplomb. He said he did nut ' sennl observation. u
have te depend en Downing Street for "The ceble, unfortunately, tell tee!
news and that his sources of Inferma- little of the superb public spirit of tha 7
tien were better than the Prime Min- j United States, or of its straininz nft
I such ideals as are expressed by tha
early learned the Metroneliton Museum d rt !,. ... 7-
library, the Museum of Natural Hl- ''4
tery and your splendidly cquippedihea- '
pitnls. "
"If there be one clement," he con- 'tr
tinned, "thnt must strike the least ob- 34
servant stranger visiting any of the $
great cities, it is the evidence of all
public spirit of unexampled strength, i
i which returns te the people in theat
'forms the wealth thnt hns been wrunf-"
fiem the soil nnd the mines, or wen ,'
1 by cemiueice nnd industry. s
I "In the rush of modern journalism ' .'$'
I there is often net sufficient time te '""'v.
give pnute for the consideration of -mis
thing excepting immediate and ur-
gent news Rut there are en both
sides of the Atlantic newspapers of -less
speed am! greater spacieusneSa .,
which acijinlnt the people with ether J
tilings Minn pentics, stock markets and
what the French cull "faits divers.
I "In uij humble judgment the mur
i the newspapers tell the better side of i
'tin ether peoples the quicker become I
ii.e international understanding. '
Declares 'Drep of Ink
Mni'oe ir;;,Vi..u t.;.,z. -
Ri'Simd qi.istlin, therefore, a -newspnpef
can serve an immense pur- "
P se and epci i.ills in tunes of crisis,
! leiui-mlH'il'u that 'a drop of ink
makes millions tliuik .' nnd that a
sinnrtls' wiitten niticle imi) de vast '
daiunse te foreign lelutlens."
A little iuddent that ecciurcd seme
s ars age gives an insight into North Nerth
ditte's methods and shows that a touch '
of humor is nut l.ickin; in hi.- tnnke- -up.
A speeding automobile killed a child v
in a uiuntrs d'-tiut near Londen. It .
i.uel en after the t raged) mid the "
'edil pelie were unable te trace it.
l.eiil S'ettiii lilfe bectimc inteicstcd and
bud sceiiil leperters as'igued with in
structions te find the car. V
i I'he Daily Mail gae gieat promi
nence te i he search and elTcied a ra
"aid of 100 pounds fur the idsntlflca- ,
tien of the automobile. A reporter get .
ii iiic which mi a few hours m.ide the '
search suices.sful.
The imn of t, .situation was that ?
I tile i iif licliiiigeil le .! il N'elllnllffe'B T
lluether. Hiblebinnd Haimswertli. '.
I The brother himself bad nulling te ;
i de with the accident. It developed,
thnt his i linuffeur had taken tne car
I without permission for n "jes ride."' "
i llililebr.ind Hiirmaweith gave the,
p.ueiit.s of the child n pension for life. r,
"'it the point of the Heis comes aft- ?
eiwiird
A few weeks later Louden hud n sen
sational murder mvstery. A seung and l
1 leti) weiiiun wii' slnln in a railroad
niiiiiei unii the iiewiiipers were rnU-
k
J
i
Lord Northcliffe Is convinced that
the ptesb of tlie world can de n t'reat
deal toward promoting international
understanding nnd gued will. At the
same I'llgrim'u dinner, where his pur
chase of the Tiiues was announced,
he gave his views en tli.it subject with
charm teiln ie feice
"1 urn engaged," he said, "in n pro pre pro
fesilen which Is supposed te lmw a
gieut deal te de with the linking of
I war and peace. 1 hne no doubt it Is
Genernl von Hutier, who commanded ' V'"0 '"' "cspapcrs can de ineic
the Sixth German Armv ,.., n. ' ,hn". U'clel) neIcc the thoughts and
wnrnid his troops ngninst thnt "most
wv.mm.e (.en,, lepeiueuis ,,nwIlm, nf ,i. ,,,,,,,,1,.. .i ,1VI ,,
niMn-i iwjii mi' iii'wdmpuiN were rai-
inc u hue nml rrv utter tjie uiui'derer, t
When the limit was hottest after the
unknown lasir. one of Nertbcllxa'a "
editors suggested te lilni thut the Daily
Muil offers u icward of lOi'l pounds ar '
for the detection of the guilt) juntl. ' '
'in hmi'iied pounds icwardP
Neithcllffe ini-ed Theie wus u twin- s
ll" in la i M' . ' Yes." lie nirreml. .
"but wiieie vis nn brother Hllili,.
brand en that nluht?"
tlwar, He,.aid,th.t tweyear. befex.iihV Gr ttaKVtStfSa
) .' - ' - J
" 1. '!. Ittl lint lllill 1IIIISI ..-...... I I t - -
theinuuli-pnccd .;..K'u! of the whole E. ', ," ... uc limn ii ," uVmn . ' "." '" ' "'" -'tli.llffc'H prwllctlena .
tente. Un; NerthelllTe. minister for the ,,,",,' c n mc r ce tie nVts i ,, is?. . ' i1'"1 , ""H "'" ' r!,r'M Htwi
desmieliiei if linpemii ', i...... , '" ,,,,. ' eiilllieii e. tne ill fs 1111,1 n I'n,.l,,,i ,l ,..,,.tn I,,. .i...i... "
Field Marshal wm I Z ? .,-. V,"SM' ! '". '?... 'I. .'".'''v '"""'MWi) he effe.cd J.W OUrt XT,' tilSll
I page after paej,f hU'Mimeir." muVVfr KVS M'.w.XT
ibuae ot.Ner&icllffe wd.te-tha ra. "let th...erl.i..nhP"3k iu. ? ?f . .V. fJP?J&Qgmm m
)tW,v.
V
i v Msh trK'b
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