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SCANDAL LOOMS IN ENGLAND AS CHARGES FLY
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777r P 0 f7Z)&ST TITLES ARE BO UGHT SECRE TL
Coronets en Auction Blocks, Opponents
of Lloyd Geerge Say9 and, Unless He
' Can Calm Storm, Gilt en Seme Crowns
May Be Tarnished
BREWERS AND SOAP KINGS
ARE RUNNING CLOSE RACE
WITH BANKERS FOR HONORS
In Proportion te Years of Service, Present
Prime Minister Has Recerd for In
creasing Membership of Heuse of
Lords With 80 Late Third Marquis
of Salisbury Elevated 88
CORONETS en the auction bleckl
The bleed of "commoners" ennobled for contributions te British part
funds.
The proudest titles within the gift of the British Empire en sale in a
tecret market if ambition is willing te pay the price.
These are some of the accusations today that are again stirring the
periodical political storm in England.
Members of the Heuse of Commens are demanding an investigation
of charges that a wholesale trade Is carried en in honors ranging from
earldoms te knighthoods.
Opponents of the Lloyd Geerge Government openly use the word
"scandal" in discussing the situation. The Government, in self-defense,
proposes a royal commission te assist in the award of nebiliary and ether
honors.
King of England Regarded
as the Fountain of Hener
Nominally, the King of England
is "the fountain of honor," the
source from which flew all patents
of nebUity, all baronetcies and mem
bership in all the orders of British
knighthood.
But actually it is the Prime Min
ister, the responsible head of the
Imperial Government, who "sug
gests" candidates te the King.
In proportion te his years of
service as the real head of "the
crowned republic" of England, Lloyd
Geerge holds the championship as a
dispenser of titles and honors.
Numerous titles, of course, were
conferred for extraordinary service
during the war. But many ethers
were conferred for ether reasons.
Unless Lloyd Geerge can calm the
storm, an investigation will develop
that may tarnish the gilt en many a
coronet.
Lloyd Geerge became Prime Min
ister of England in 1916. In the
last six years nearly eighty addi
tions have been made te the Heuse
of Lords, the enfeebled upper cham
ber of the Imperial Parliament.
The late third Marquis of Salis
, bury, three times Prime Minister,
holds the record for the number of
titles granted. Eighty-eight men
were raised te the peerage while he
held the highest administrative
office. But his entire service as
Prime Minister covered fourteen
years.
Gladstone, England's "Grand Old
Man," who was Prime Minister four
times, awarded about fifty titles
during his administrations.
The Earl of Rosebery,' Prime Min
ister in 1894 and 1895, recommended
and obtained nine titles for as many
rcen. A. J. Balfour, Prime Minister
from 1902 te 1905, made twenty-four
additions te the Heuse of Lords,
although for many years he firmly
refused te accept a title himself.
Order of British Empire
Is Open te the, Women
This last Is the most recently cre
ated. It was brought Inte being June
21, 1017, by Geerge V and is open te
women as well as men. It Is divided
Inte five classes jind the first two girt
the male possessor the right te use the
prefix "Sir" and the fcmlnlne posses
sor authority te use the prefix "Dame."
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manufacturers, dry -goods, merchants,
rich grocers and shipbuilders In the race
for titled honors.
Se many brewers have beerjl ad
vanced te the peerage In recent years
that a Londen punster said it really
was becoming the "bcerage." Fortunes
built en thirst and a craring for stimu
lants were used te win baronies, coats
of arms and places In Burke's Peer
age.
The most daxallng success In that di
rection was attained by Edward Cecil
Guinness, Earl of Iveagli, who was
Viscount Klvcden, until' his elevation
te an earldom In 1019.
with that title for fourteen years be
fore he could "make the grade" te
the rank above.
Lord Iveagh Has Given
Much te Aid Heusing
Lord Iveagh has , given liberally
his native city of Dublin. One of his
philanthropies has been the bettering
of housing conditions for the peer.
Like most members of the Guinness
family he has n pallid complexion
which gives point te a little incident
when both his sons were nt n session
of Parliament.
Hupert, his heir, Is plump and ruddy-
Baren Fortevlet was Sir Jehn Alex
ander Dewar, Bart., before he was given
a coronet In 1010. lie la chairman of
Jehn Dewar & Sens, Ltd., ent of
the biggest distilling concerns In the
world.
Bnren-Dewar Is the managing direc
tor of this gigantic distillery, whose
predttcts are passed ever the bars of
public houses In every city, town and
hamlet of England. The Dewar whis
kies have a wide vogue In ether coun
tries ns well, net including the United
States, where they once were readily
obtalnable favorites.
This noble lord was Sir Themas Reb.
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Lord Leverhulme, former soap king and noted philanthropist, receiving at a garden party, one of the
many given by him in recent times
VISCOUNT ASTOR
Wealthy American who re
nounced his citizenship and
finally wen his coveted title in
England
Acrerdlncl.v. Iip a painted full leiiRth.
but Mttlnc down.
Sir William lmd offered te pnlnt the
noble lord's bead and s-heulilerH for
$5000, and n linlf or three-quarter
portrait for $7.rO0. The price for a
full-length portrait was $10,000.
When the full-lenitth portrait of the
seated bnren was completed and the bill
for $10,000 was presented, Lord Lever
hulme refused te pny the full price en
the (round thut n portrait Hitting down
did net mIiew cneuRb of him te justify u
$10,000 fee. Sir William retorted that
he did ndt sell his art work by the yard
stick. Aristocratic eyebrows were raised In
Mn fair when the 1019 honors list was
announced and the name of Wl'liam
Wall Walker was nuted among the new
barons. Net that Baren Wavertree the title
he took was unworthy of the honor.
Tin nmi of n line old country lnmily
and was a noted sportsman and lever of I held.
blooded hertctlcsh. I Thc bestowal of u peerage en the man
n .1,., n,v lu.mn's ,.i,i,.r hi,!- ,J"he Mnrted his career in Detroit mi
fame were that he had bred a Derby
LORD IVEAGH
Fermer brewer and one of th
richest men in the United Kingdom
t'nited Railways and seen afterward at
tracted the attention of Colonel W. E.
Mines, of the Public Service Hallways
of New Jersey.
Stnnlej became mnnager of the Pub
lic Service Hel'wajs. When the United
States declared war en Spain be en
listed in the United States nnval re
fcrve and sened through thc war en tht
auxiliary cruiser Yesenilte.
When he resumed his Ntreet railway
work his fame seen i-pread te England,
and be was invited te become manage
of (he Londen Underground Railways.
He accepted the offer and speedily waa
recognized as one of the foremost tran
sit experts of Knclund.
In 1014 a baronetcy was conferred
upon 111 in. and when Ue.wl Geerge
formed liin war Cabinet Sir Alfred Stan
ley wen made Minister of Commerce
and president of the Beard of Trade.
In lltL'0, threiiRh the geed offices of
Lloyd Geerge, he became Buren Ash-
faced, while Walter, thc ether son, Is
slight and has the Guinness pallor. A
parliamentary wit, in referring le the
brothers, speke of them as "stout" and
"pale," nn allusion,. of course, te .the
products of the big Guinness brewery.
Perhnps the most prominent of the
distillers In the Heuse of Lords are
the brothers Karen Dewar and Baren
Fortevlet, both heldcis of new titles.
Accepted Order of Garter
After Washington Conference
It was only after the Washington
Conference, where he represented Great
Britain, that he consented te accept the
Order of thc Garter, England's most
uclushc knightly order. Shortly af
terward he was created the Earl of
Balfour.
H. H, Asqulth, who has refused te
gild his name with n title, conferred
twenty -six when he was Trlme Minis
ter, from 1008 te 1010.
All things considered, therefore,
Lloyd Geerge, himself n "commoner,"
without even thc handle of "Sir" te
bis mime, excels most of his prcdeccs prcdeccs
ters for quantity production of peers.
The forces in British politics new
moving te expose the traffic In titles
contend that n regular sciile of prices
h been fixed.
Fer greater clearness it must be ex
plained that the loftiest grade in the
nobility Is that of duke. Immediately
Mew Is the grade of marquis. Suc
tewlvcly lower In the scale are the
trades of earl, viscount and baron.
Suspended between the nobility proper
ad the knl0hts are the baronets, lit
""y "little barons," a titular rank
treated by King James I,
The grade of baronet was created
Penly nn n revenue raiser for the
monarch and the payment of five hun
jrtd pounds waa sufficient te obtain the
bener,
Aside from the Order of the Garter,
e Principal knighthoods are these of
"e Order of the, Thistle, the Order of
"Patrick, the Order of the Bath, the
der of St. Michael and St. Geerge,
? Order of the Star of India, thc
"r of the Indian Empire, the Royal
trian -Order and the Order of the
MUsh Empire
BARON DEWAR
His millions were made in the
distilling business, which hnB
drawn many darts in parlia
mentary criticism
If the titles of nobility granted in the
last live years have been nn ever widen
ing stream, the distribution of knight
hoods has become a torrent, creBted
with mere "Sir Knights" than the nge
of chivalry ever saw.
Te American eyes the most notewor
thy case of title bagging in recent years
was that by William 'Waldorf Aster,
great-grandson of the fur trader who
founded the Aster fortune.
William Waldorf Aster gave up his
American citizenship and established
himself in England. Fer sixteen years,
according te general reports, he stalked
n title, but met rebuff after rebuff.
The World War brought him his op
portunity. He gave liberally te vari
ous funds and, acting en the Prime
Minister's advice, King Geerge created
Aster a Baren in. 1010.
But that lowest grade In the nobll nebll
lty apparently did net satisfy him.
Greater exertions and expenditures fol
lowed, and in 1917 Lloyd Geerge pre
sented Aster's name at Buckingham
Palace for a Visceunty.
The promoted peer took the title of
Viscount Aster of Ilever, after Hever
Castle in Kent, the birthplace of Anne
Boleyn, which he purchased and re
stored. Aster died suddenly in October, 1919,
and was succeded by his son, Wal
dorf Aster, whose wlfe was the first
woman te win election te the Heuse of
Commens.
Brewer s Running Race
With Bankers for Titles
In the recrlmlnntlens hurled right
and left in England new, some of the
bitterest remarks nre made about the
frequent recognition given distillers and
brewers.
The makers of whiskies, beer and
ale are pressing close en bankers, soap
H fiWS , .. flKH ' H8lN)NKk f5!jC's Ifyi
BARON ASHFIELD
Educated in America, Albert
Stanley wen his way in Enclnnd
and finally the great ambition, a
title
The founder of the Guinness for
tunes was Arthur Guinness, a brewer
In a small way, who had saved his
money while working ns a butler for
an aristocratic Irish family.
The original Guinness migrated from
the little Irish town of Leixllp te Dub
lin, where helensed a small establish
ment at the St. James Gate. His busi
ness grew steadily until his death, when
it passed under the control of his win,
Benjamin Lee Guinness, nn even better
business man than his father.
Benjamin Guinness, in the course of
years, made "Guinness stout" known
Internationally and incidentally ac
quired a knighthood. The Earl of
Iveagh Is the third son of that bcIeii
of the brewing house, one of the rich
est In the world.
Edward Cecil Guinness stepped first
en thc baronetcy rung of England's
social ladder. Six years later, In
1891, he beeame'a baron and in 1905, j
a viscount. He had te content himself
LORD COWDRAY
An oil magnate who could
finance a Mexican Government,
where he had large holdings
ert Dewar. who was made a knight in
1901' nnd n baronet in 1017, when Llejd
Geersc had been nearly n year In power.
He hurdled his way Inte the peerage
two years later.
Lord Dewar lias become a seml-efli-ilul
spokesman for the liquor Interests
of Great Britain and has been caustic
te the extreme in his comments en
American prohibition. He toured this
country In 1920 te get first-hand Im
pressions en hew prohibition worked
here.
Seap King Elevated te
Baren of Leverhulme
Anether peer of recent creation is
Baren Leverhulme, the British "Seap
King," the builder of Pert Sunlight, a
model industrial city. As William Hes
kcth Lever he began as the owner of n
small senp plant In Wniringten, Eun
land, and gradually developed a busi
ness that reaches Inte many countries.
The popular title of "Seap King" did
net satisfy him. He wanted n title
backed with the authority of the King,
one that would be a certain social asset
and that would attest his great suc
cess as a merchant.
Accordingly, In 1911, hn became Sir
William nnd six jears later, with Llujd
Geerge at the British helm, he was ad
vanced te the grade of baron. His
baronial estate Is T.evs Cuslle, Storuo Steruo Storue
way. An authority en nenp and all thc
chemical processes used in the making
of that friend of civilization, Lord
Leverhulme has gained unpleasant no
toriety In the matter of art.
His fiist clash was with a portrait
painter, Augustus Jehn, who placed the
baron's likeness en canvas two rars
age. Mr. Jehn was chagrined nnd
infuriated when the portrait was re
turned te him in a mutilated condition.
The icpresentatlen of the head nnd
part of the body had been cut out of
the canvas. In that condition it was
placed en exhibition In the Chenil Gal
leries In Chelsea.
winner and that he wen the Grand
National and the National Hunt
Steeplechase with his entries. The
crowning (or was it the coreneting) act
of his career was his presentation in
11)10 of his stud of race horses and ma res
te the nation te start a national stud.
Oil Played Big Part in
Making British Lords
Oil, which gave thc world its richest
man in the person of Jehn D. Rocke
feller, linn tihijeU a part In thc making
Lord Leverhulme tried te seethe thc ' of British Lords.
angry artist. He explained that he
wanted te keep the ennvns in a safe
and that it was tee large. Se there
was nothing else te de but cut out the
head and lock that awuy securely. He
further explained that his housekeeper
returned the lemulnder of the portrait
by mistake.
Last year the "Seap King" had an
other artistic row, this time with Sir
William Orpen, n renowned portrait
painter. Sir William made the aston
ishing announcement in Purls that Lord
Leverhulme refused te pny the pi Ice
agreed upon for a full-length pretrait
of himself.
Baren's Explanations Caused
Many Chuckles in Paris
The doughty bamn's explanation was
enjnjed hugely In English art circles,
nnd it traveled te the Quurtier Latin of
Paris, where it caused countless
chuckles en the beulevurds and In cafes
and studies.
It seems that I.erd Lcerhulme
wanted a fu'1-length portrait nnd
wanted te he painted while standing
up. But Sir William suggested "for
artistic reasons" that the baron sit
down, te which Leverhulme agreed.
Viscount Cewdrny is the outstand eutstand
' Ing representative of the oil lnterefts,
who blta occasionally in u crimson
cushioned seat in the Heuse of Lords.
I This nobleman wen his way te im
I meiise wealth as Weetman 1). Pear
son. He Is president of S. 1'enn.en &
1 Sen, Ltd., which controls ed fields
i in many parts of the world. Cewdiny
I has had a truly romantic career.
He is remembered iu this ceuntiy as
the builder of four tunnels under thc
I East Ilher, New Yerk, for the l'enn-
I syUaniu Railroad. His
profession wen him renown before
1 one of thc conspicuous exceptions te tbe
, honor awards which have created the
present uproar In England.
j There have been outcries before ever
the handing out of coronets and knight
I heeds. But they never have reached the
1 lntenslt nnd fury of the present out
i burst.
! I .1..V1 (!rmrffn nrrinnmc n ,ntnl ...tm -
minion te assist the Government with
selections for the honors list. But tn
shnip attack comes at u time when a
reconstitution of the Heuse of Lords !
contemplated.
The extreme liberals want te de
away entirely with hereditary legisla
tors. The moderates nnd conservatives
believe that England still "denrlv love
a lord."
And Englishmen who knew their his his
ter.v and genealogy slyty- point out that
of the 000 members of the Heuse of
Lords scnreelj thirty can tract- their
ancestry back te the Reformation.
But the Unions who are tilting
ngnlnst the entlie order of nobility say
the situation In these modem dajs la
only aggravated b.v the wholesale en
nobling of gieen grocers, tea merchants,
engineering 1IU"M'"' "eiiiimm.ers, canfiiesttckmaU-
he," '"sli"crs ami mowers.
""
climbed te the heights of the oil empire
' he administers.
I His chief oil holdings arc in Mexico.
I Persia and Russia. In the icpublic
south of the Rie Grande his oil tit' Ids are
se vat that he has been spoken of ns
"the member from Mexico" in the
Heuse of Lords.
I Viscount Cew dray was made a bare
net in 1894, nnd a baron in 1010. In
Little Benny s
Nete Boek
By Lie Papm
I was Injlng en the setting room fleer
1 Muni vacation was ull eer orreund
m? iH PiL ink
1010 he was created a viscount. He '"'ted of Jest sun.mlr, nnd pep wis writ.
ing a letter at ma's desk, and 1 had a
iileer, saying. Hay pep, our leetcher
told us once that genus giew quicker in
milk than the.v de m tnj thing
She was quite i it.-, and Mints the rea
son the law inmpells ihe milk com
panies te lake se miiij Miniteiry pre
cautions, pep scd.
Well hew is that, pep, de germs like
milk? I mmI.
Theyre crnzy about it, pep scd.
Hew about microbes, de they like It
tee? I sed.
Jest as mutch, If net mere, pep sed.
And bnckteria tee? I hed.
Yeu bet, pep sed, and I sed. G,
Mints u geed thing te knew, nint It
pep?
takes hiK title trem Cewdrny Castle
n magnificent pile in Sussex. Tradition
has It that n curse has ben en thc
castle for centuries,
Most of the 14,000-acie Cewdrny
estate In Sussex is woodland, nnd it in
cludes n (iOO-aeie deer park, where
Queen Elizabeth shot deer with a cioss ciess cioss
bew, and where her bi ether, Edward
VI, had hunted some thirty years be
fore. One of the newest of English barons
Is Lord Ashflcld, better known in the
United States ns Albert II. Stanley.
The Baren was born in Derbyshire in
1 1875, and was brought te this country
when five years old.
i The family, a branch of an old one
named Knatteries, settled In Detroit,
wheie the future Lord Ashfield's father
chnnged his name te Stanley.
Splendid, pep sed, nnd I sed, Im glaij
I found It out.
Nelledge is power, pep sed.
And he kepp en writing liia letter and
Albert Stanley Started J "' Wu" ,,H i,0i
Werk as Chnri Rnn ! Wats " mat,cr mm ? l)0t' M,(l-
n et as ciere tiey i If lnllk ls lbcl t0 b M fu of gern
Albert Stanley Marted work as a and microbes and things, wy cant I,
chore boy for the Detroit United Rail- i have a glass of grape Joece for brckfUt
ways and moved up se rapidly that and aupptr lusted of a glass of nillk.r
iwciny years eiu no was nsslst- eu.
Cowdray Castle, one of the beautiful old English estates, the home of the oil king. It was here that
Queen Elizabeth se often hunted Ur .
when
ant superintendent.
A few years later he was made gen
erai
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