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Aliening public Ue&ger
, pOrlic ledger company
f- evnua ii. k. curtis, rsBsmsxr
Jehn C. Martin, Vice President nd Treasurer;
Chnrlet Ai Tyler. Secretary: Charles II. l.udlnic
tnn, Philip H. CAIIIns. Jehn n. William", Jehn J.
Ppurrreen, Oerg I'. Goldsmith, David K, Smiley,
T)lrerter,
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I'luliilflphli, I"riiU. June IS. 1::
THE RUMOR FACTORY
IS ANYBODY et City Hull qualified te
speak with authority for the Municipal
Government?
Why should I he Hall he a house of mys
tery n ml n source of iiinmr suggestive net
of order, hut of tin official riot?
Who Is hnslng the police depitrtment?
Will the public ever be permitted te knew
why neither the Majer nor the Director nf
Public Safely can liud any one te obey their
official orders or why. If rebellion and in
urgeney are being carried te their very
doers, thej cannot or will net light back?
What mysterious inhibiting force pre
vents men in the positions of authority from
telling nil they knew?
Of whom or of what are they afraid?
Hew long will the public be content with
conflicting, smothered rumors instead of th
significant truths which, ns they knew, lie
Immediately below the surface at City Hall?
BARBARIANS
THERE Is an unwritten law of the read
which requires meter drivers te help
ethers in serious distress nml it eperntes
almost universally. That drivers of auto
mobiles and their passengers eeuld find It In
their hearts te refuse assistance te Injured
nnd dying victims of the Absecon grade
crossing tragedy is almost unthinkable.
Yet, according te evidence presented te the
Grand Jury, some of them did, nnd mere
than one driver behnved In n manner that
Infuriated the watching crowd and led te
talk of lynching.' The license numbers of
some of these barbarians are In the hands
of the New .Jersey police and general opin
ion in the State 1 properly demnnding that
if verified the licenses be summarily revoked.
First aid such as meter drivers were
nsked te render in an emergency se gruesome
as that which followed when an express
train struck an automobile and killed or
fntally Injured sis persons may menn hard
ship or inconvenience, nnd even great nerv-
mis strain te the Samaritans in the ensc.
'V.Jvut any one who is net eager te endure
such miner troubles te save life Isn't fit te
operate n device like n motorcar en any
open read.
PUTS THEM ON THEIR CUARD
WHEN dishonest policemen are In part
nership with the purveyors of vice It
need surprise no one nt the charges that
ether dishonest policemen are In the hnbit
of working with lawyers' runners In the
courts In securing clients.
The announcement by Superintendent
Mills that nny officer found working with
these ngents of the lawyers will be sus
pended nnd ordered for trial en charges will
force the offenders te rover their tracks a
little mere carefully. It Is net likely that
It will step the practice.
The summary punishment of a few men
would de mere than a dozen proclamations.
The officers knew that they are doing
wrong 'nnd need no proclamation te Inform
them of it.
There nre some cynically Inclined persons
who will be disposed te think that if there
were a determination In the City Hall te
brenk up the partnership between the run
ners and the police the work would be done
quietly, while the suspected were unaware
that they were under surveillance.
WISE MR. WEEKS
SECRETARY WKEKS. of the War De
partment, spoke se wisely and se tem
perately and yet se penetratingly of current
social and political follies in the I'nlted
States when he appeared us an orator at
Western Reserve I'nhersm yesterday that
his address ought te be published as a tract
and circulated te nil men in authority, and
especially among the pteplc who believe
that they have n right te police the national
conscience by force if necessary.
Fer half an hour .Mr. Weeks talked n- ,i
the spirit of the elder-fashioned America i.f
u bjgeue time hnd taken h.ild nf him. anil
he seemed like the voice of all these Amer
icans who still trust In the inherent decency
of the average man and object te the
growth of n system of repression and es
pionage that might have been borrowed
from the extinct Germany of the Kaisers
te enrage and irritate a people who be
lieved themselves free.
The Secretary of War deserves special
praise for breaking the rules of an unspoken
taboo and drawing the attention of his
audience te the mischief done by the in
creasing army of professional reformers.
Any one who calls 'llmself n reformer
thereby escapes public questioning or criti
cism in the United States. It In net yet
generally known that reforming the public
hns become a profession for specialists and
thnt the land is crowded with n class of
reformers who work net alone for the sake
of righteousness, but for the fat salaries
that are availuhle te any clever ptepagandlst
who serves a richly subsidized cause. Yet,
ns Mr. Weeks Implied, no movement for
social or political reform can ever amount
te much unless It rise from the conscience
nnd out of the convictions of the people
themselves. When the process Is reversed
nnd when zealots of one sort or another
manage te impose their own will upon a
majority, even for geed ends, we depart
from the essential principle which Is sup
posed te govern the life and feeling nnd
destiny of the country.
Secretary Weeks did net overstate the
case' when he said that there Is In many
parts of the country increasing dissatisfac
tion with people who force the Government
te successive Invasions of personal rights.
Hew that dissatisfaction will be expressed
it la bard te sny. It may never find definite
expression, though it would be better for
the country If It did. As u people we have
our faults. But we have been given less te
VtJJuHHilwal license and lawlessness than uny
jg& -imHwr -yeple In tbe world.
vSm
-Kii
IfclVi
te be that It was altogether tee strait-laced
te be happy. Naturally, there nre very
many persons who resent the Implication of
laws made frankly te direct their personal
conduct nnd Improve their personal morality.
These arc the people who, according te Mr.
Weeks' assessment of the situation, nre In
danger of losing the sense et trust In the
wisdom of their Government which, mere
than anything else, is the very foundation
of our spiritual integrity and the first
source of our national strength.
HOW "THE BOOK OF SNOBS"
IS AMPLIFIED AT ANNAPOLIS
Chapter and Verae Are Provided In the
Caste Prejudice Against Mid
shlpman Kaplan
VrEW and enlnrged editions of "The Boek
" of Snobs" suggest thnt Thackeray began
something which he could net finish. Ills
attempt was courageous, but narrow. The
partlculerly stupid vice whch he sought te
smite was ,,net confined te VIcterInn Eng
land. It nourishes or rather festers In
countries dedicated te the basic equality of
mankind as well ns in these In which tradi
tions of artificial nrlstecracj supposedly
prevail.
The latest chapter te the bulky and ever ever
geowing volume ronfpetwlcd of prejudice
nml crass bigotry was prepared at the
I 'nited States Naval Academy at Annapolis.
As personalities, the authors of the offense
de net deserve the publicity they have re
ceicd. The same thing may be said of the
object of their attacks, a I.eennrd Kaplan,
it member of the graduating class and a Jew.
Kaplan was lampooned nnd insulted In the
undergraduate publication termed with
perhaps unconscious Irony "The Lucky
Hag." Kaplan, who may or may net he the
grind described by bis fellow students, is
unimportant. His classmates are unim
portant. I'nder ordinary circumstances the
"Lucky Bag" docs net warrant serious
consideration.
It Is n student record of the se-called
humorous type common te mnny universi
ties. The fun-mnklng in such works Is net
celebrated for subtlety. Youthful satire is
ungentle, nnd ns a rule nobody but a prig
would be tempted te complain of Its heavy
hnndedness. The nverage college boy Is
thoroughly hardened te such bludgeoning.
Snobbery nnd fnlse pride of birth or race
or religion play havoc with some supposedly
accepted proportions in the social or politi
cal structure. The Kaplan case has Invaded
Congress. Hear Admiral Wilsen, superin
tendent of the Naval Academy, has charac
terized the perpetration of the offense as "a
low-down, miserable trick." t
Senater Sutherland, et West Virginia,
has dlspntched a letter of indignation en the
subject te President Hnrdlng. J. L. Olm
sted, editor of the year hook, has been
compelled te relinquish n letter of commen
dation addressed te him by the academy
head. The Incident has been set forth in
the official reprimand administered te Olm
sted by Acting Secretary of the Nnvy
Roosevelt. The censure, however, Is net
sufficiently comprehensive. Olmsted was
by no means the sole culprit. He stands
simply us the symbol of a system et caddish
discrimination deserving of the severest
suppression.
Were It net for the vitnl significance of
the principle Involved In the affair this
attention te n burlesque might itself be
ridiculous. Reys will he boys. This is
easily and often thoughtlessly said.
Hut boys, nnd especially in Institutions
of higher learning, nre, for all their fond
ness for foolery, also expected te be manly.
The adolescent snob is a disgusting creature.
Superciliousness and the elevation of so se
elal or racial barriers nre disgracefully out
of place in the Government academies de
signed te provide officers for the American
Army and Navy.
The indignities inflicted upon Midshipman
Kaplnn lack the physical horror of the tor
tures of which Cadet Reoz was n victim at
West Point twenty years age. Rut the
moral charge against the group of upstarts
at Annapolis In equally grave.
The case demands rigid official Inquiry.
Jew-bnltlng or nny ether form of class or
race persecution at Annapolis smacks of
cruel and Ignorant medievalism. It has been
reported that young Knplen was socially os
tracized by bis fellow students throughout
virtually the whole of his ncademic career.
The loutish flings at his race nnd religion
came ns the climax of a systematic manifes
tation of snobbery.
If the Naval Academy is engaged in the
production of cads, the reflection of the
principles nnd ethical standnrds inculcated
there are obvious. It is en the officers In
ehurge as well as the cadets. The present
instnnre is net the first where midshipmen
have been known te Ignore the cede which
stamps n gentleman.
Possibly because official rank Is se vividly
defined, many nppendlces te "The Reek of
Snob" have from time te time been devised
in the Army nnd Navy of the United States
Fermer Secretary Daniels, who was perhaps
none tee tactful, endeavored te eradicate
excessive caste distinctions from the navy,
and succeeded in stirring up u hornets' nest!
The schools for geed manners nnd mastery
of the fundamental principles of honor nnd
decency In the armed forces of the Govern
ment nre at West Point nnd Annapolis.
Youth requires guidance. It j9 incurauent
upon the directors nnd instructors nt the
military and navnl academies te stamp out
the nbsurd and ignoble artificiality nf caste.
As has been indicated, the boy actors In
this unpleasant dramn nre net the prime
factors. Heavy responsibility falls upon
the management which has permitted such
perversion of the principles of democracy
te thrive.
Punishment of the guilty In this case
should he condign. Rut the heart of the
offense Is net merely the barbarity of boy boy boy
heed. Ry allowing such prejudices te take
root and urew the school authorities are
primarily te blame.
THE NEWEST CROP
THE conventional thing te sny about the
new crop of cellege graduates Is that the
young men and young women nre going out
Inte the world confident thet they knew hew
te run it' much better than their elder.
Rut this Is nljeiit as far from the truth as
most conventions of convertntlen. Somebody
s.ild It once, und it was thought te be smart.
Others, tee Indolent te think of something
original, have repented It for yesrs. It is
llke the joke about the man who dreamed
be wus tlnkeri!" wjj" ue engine of his auto-
mobile an
elf under his bed
when he
jke in one form or
another !
,j comic papers, in
It 1 years since it
-iy one te get under a
plte of
became' n
V
EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER PHILADELPHIA,
. t
motorcar te tinker with the engine. The
early cars, ns every one knows, had the fcn
glues under the senf, se arranged that it was
impossible te get at them snvc from below.
The French were the first te put the engine
under n heed in front and te make It easily
accessible. Rut the humorists have net yet
discovered It, or they arc hound by the con
vention which forbids the abandonment of a
fermuin which once provoked n laugh.
The young college graduates, ns every one
who comes in contact with them outside of
their Immediate families has learned, nre a
modest nnd unassuming let. They apply for
their first job with timidity nnd feel their
way with caution until they acquire some
dearer of confidence through experience.
They apply (e the innstering of their new
problems the same methods they used while
In college. They did net go Inte the clnss clnss
reqm confident that they knew mere ll.nn
their instructors, nnd they de net go Inte
business offices nor into the classrooms
where they will tench with the assurance
with which they arc conventionally credited.
They may mnke a bluff nf confidence, but
they nre trembling In their beets nil the
time, fearful lest some one will find out hew
little they knew about the ptactical problems
before them.
Of course, they have n ecrtnln degree of
audacity. Youth without this admirable
quality would cense te be youth. The Sykes
cartoon en this page last week came nearer
te truth than Is common. It represented
the new graduates as fledglings pushed out
u ,lle "cst ,0 tr.v "'clr wings nnd showed
them flopping nnd floundering about In the
TWO WRONGS DON'T MAKE A
RIGHT
UHEN a Senater of the United Stntcs
11 shows himself se isnernnt of the nnture
of constitutional government In the United
btetes ns Ln Fellctte has done in his speech
before the American Federation of Lnher it
may be assumed thnt there mnv be ethers
suffering under similar misapprehension.
Sennter Ln Fellctte Insist that the Su
preme Court usurps power net granted te
It when it declares nets of Congress te be
unconstitutional. He says that "there is
no sanction in the written Constitution of
the Lnited Stntcs for the power which the
courts new assert." and he insists thnt
Congress Is the supreme legislative author
ity, as the Constitution pievldes thnt "all
legislative powers herein gianted shall be
vested In the Congress of the United States,
which shall censlt of n Senate and a Heuse
of Representatives."
The vital words In this prevision are
"herein granted." The limits within which
Congress may legislate are definitely fixed
by a series of prevision setting forth whnt
may be done nnd by nnether series setting
forth what may net be done. Senater Ln
Fellettc has evidently evei looked the two
vitnl words.
He has also misread the grant nf powers
te the Supreme Court. The second section
of Article III provides that "the judicial
power shall extend te nil cases in law nnd
equity nrising under this Constitution, the
laws of the United States." etc. This
means that the court is empowered te up up
eold the rights guaranteed by the Constitu
tion and the laws, and te enforce the penal
ties prescribed by them. In ether words, it
Is te interpret nnd apply the laws nnd the
Constitution.
If Congress passes n law In disregard of
the limits fixed en Its power and n citizen
finds himself injured thereby be disputes the
validity of the statute and takes his case
te the Supreme Court, and thnt court, nct
lng within the grnnt of power te exercise
jurisdiction in cases arising under the Con
stitution, simply says that the law was in
valid because Congress -had no power te
pass it. There is no mere usurpation in
this than there Is when the Supreme Court
enforces the previsions of n valid act of
Congress.
Senater Ln Fellettc proposes a constitu
tional nmendment which will provide thnt
If the Congress repasses a bill which the
Supreme Court declares te be invalid It
shall thereafter be valid. That is, he wishes
te hnve Congress empowered te override n
veto of the Supreme Court ns It overrides n
veto of the President.
The adoption of such nn amendment
would ln effect nbellsh the Constitution, for
it would remove nil restrictions nn the
legislative power of Congress by providing
thnt if it passed nn unconstitutional law
twice It became constitution!!). And yet
Senater La Fellctte argues with a straight
face thnt an arrangement should be made
under which two wrongs would mnke n
right.
An orderly process Is provided for Increas
ing the power of Congress, and that Is by
nn nmendment te the Constitntlen. Presi
dent Hnrdlng has suggested thnt the ndvo ndve
cates of Federal regulation of child labor
endenver te secure nn nmendment which
would give Congress the power te legislate
en the subject. If this amendment is rati
fied by three-fourths of the States it be
comes part of the fundamental law and the
Supreme Court will enforce It ns It enforces
the ether previsions of the Constitution.
It does net seem te dawn en the Intelli
gence nf these who denounce the Supreme
Court for usurpation when it invalidates an
unconstitutional law of Congress that they
are defending Ihe exercise by Congress of
powers net granted te It by the Constitu
tion nnd that they are insisting en the In
herent right of Congress te usurp whatever
powers It pleases te exercise.
THE PUBLIC'S MUSIC
CITY COUNCIL is te be commended for
the cheerfulness with which it appro
priated $."0,000 for n slimmer series of or
chestra concerts in Fnlrmeunt Park. The
orchestra In thli case will be n miniature of
Mr. Stokewskl's organisatien. And Its
work will help te lift the standards of ether
open-air conceits, which have tended te
decline in recent years. The fifty members
of the Philadelphia Orchestra who will play
ln Falrmeunt Park nre skilled musicians
nnd It will be ensy for them te piny beauti
fully without playing beyond the under
standing or sympathy of the multitudes.
Whnt might be called public music hnH
already innde one or two ambitious starts
in this city. It premised most nt the time
when the late Stanley Mnckey recruited
from the Philadelphia Orchestra n band
much like thnt which will play this summer
In Fnlrmeunt. Mr. Mnckey Insisted that
lie should have a strictly non-pelltieni band
nnd he hnd one. Ills concerts en City HnH
Pleza were perhaps the most enjoyable eer
given out of doers in Philadelphia and. of
cetirte, they were the most popular. This
summer, therefore, we shall have another
opportunity te see hew useful a geed puhllc
concert organization can he when it Is or
ganized with nn eye te music nlene.
Rnby Kelly has been
Like Kelly Did finger-printed in New
Yerk nnd the print hns
been filed with the Bureau of Vital Statis
tics. Never, by nny chance, can Kelly (lie
hasn't any ether nnme yet) be mistaken
for anybody else. He is of record. Doc
tors prcbent declare the practice will even
tually become general and every baby will
be finger-printed immediately en arrival in
the world. Se Ruby Kelly, ut five days old,
has already begun te make history.
Ocean City fireman made n quick run
from the church where his baby was being
christened te a tire whan the tire bell rang;
from one water cerpmeny te nnether.
Ywj.fvCvJ.i'-. fehfc.
AS ONE WOMAN SEES IT
Small and 8elect Party le, Treated te
a Surprise by Alert Yeung rdan
"Who Stages a Modern Mlraele
Solely for Its .Benefit
Ity SARAH D. LOWRIB
EVERY nev nnd then you have n sudden
sense of the miraculous In modern in
ventions thnt gives you a fellow feeling for
the men nnd women of ancient times who
saw burning bushes and heard voices out of
"the midst thereof," who walked in fiery
furnaces and were net consumed, who
crossed rivers dry-shed nnd who listened te,
councils of wisdom from unseen visitants
and were fed by ravens.
I always used te.be struck by the calm
ness of these fnvered mortals, who answered
the voices nnd crossed the rivers nnd flte
the ravens feed and went their ways elated
but net tee frightened by the miracle, In
tent upon finishing the particular errand
upon which they hnd set out. Yet the ether
evening, when something quite ns inexplica
ble ns some miracles nnd nil fairy talcs
occurred in my presence, I just sat still and
went en with the conversation with iny
neighbor as though nothing mysterious,
nothing se wild as Arabian Night genii
wonders was being enacted before my eyes.
WE HAD been talking nt dinner of nero nere nero
phenes in general and the newer devices
thnt nre portable in pnrtlcuhir. and two of
us comprising the small company confessed
te net having seen or heard one of uny
description, l'crhaps because the ether per
son who confessed Ignorance and nt the same
time an Interest was Mrs. Plnehet, there
wns nn Immediate desire en the part of
ethers present te make geed thnt deficiency.
I noticed that the younger of the two men
who were our hosts left the room for n few
minutes or se, rind his expression en re
turning nnd settling down te his belated
dessert was a mixture Of elation and mis
chief. The tnlk was geed and amusing ns It is
apt te be when that eager and quick-witted
woman, Mrs. Pinchot. is en hand te give
and return volleys and we lingered pcrhnps
twenty mere minutes ever the coffee nnd
dessert, nnd then, still pursuing our dis
cussion nt full tilt, we drifted cnsually and
In u body Inte the ether room.
Seme one 'was playing n violin ns we
entered, and. of course, I looked for a Vic Vic
eor machine, net seeing the player. There
was a case about twice the size of en ordi
nary Victer phonograph, und beside It wns
a stringed spindle that wns nbeut as high
as n hnrp, u delicate wooden frame that
looked like nn old-fashioned towel rack
strung with thin wire. The thing was what
is called technically aerial antennae of a
loop variety, und the small cabinet wns the
amplifier. The violin was playing down In
one of the department stores en Chestnut
street, and the sound hnd traveled nbeut
eight blocks west, kept itself distinct from
nil the ether city poises In between, besides
going through two thicknesses of stone wall,
entered the drawing room where we snt and
sounded clearly and with deliberate sweet
ness In our ears. At the same second It wns
perhaps sounding in the enrs of persons ln
Pittsburgh, in Newark. In hundreds of
places te the north, south, cast and west of
them and of us.
AT A quarter te 9 a bit; voice boomed
out a message of geed night, nnd for 'a
moment there wns no sound. Then some
body turned the antennae slightly te the
north nnd quite n different voice began te
speak te us in the room and te nil these
listening hundreds up and down the world.
The man -who wns speaking might very
well hnve been coming through the portieres
into the room from the hall. He called each
one of us by nnme, beginning with Mrs.
Pinchot, nnd said that he hoped we would
enjoy his program. And then the Schubert
Serenade began.
Thnt greeting, the pause before each
name nnd the ninused note of bnnter in the
voice, nnd then the different nnd mere public
tone with which lie announced the program
mnde me distinctly aware of a new sensa
tion. There were four or five stntlens from
which thnt sound might hnve ceme; It de
pended upon the time of day nnd upon the
direction in which the antennae were
pointed : The Westlngheiisc nt Pittsburgh
nnd nt Newark, the General Electric nt
Schenectady, the Philadelphia Radiophone
Company here nnd locally also various de
partment stores.
Each of the recognized stations has its
own time for sending out u program nnd
its own type of program : The bnschell news,
the bteck quotations, pnlltlcnl propaganda,
press news for some nnd music nnd oratory
for ethers. Once lenrn these times and sen sen
sens nnd the delicate pointer can be moved
an inch ln this direction or thnt nnd hear
only Jiem the stntlen t lint is chosen ; a few
inches off from that direction and the sound
is shut off ns though It did net exist. With
the amplifier turned off there Is only the
very shadow of sound, one, indeed, that the
ordinary ear could net translate as n sound,
let nlene a sequence of sound making words
or n tune. All one hears Is the multiplicity
of sounds of n great town with the bang nnd
jar of passing trolleys and the whirr of
meters, and then just n touch en the
antennae and the ether faint articulate sound
from far away dominates the room. That
very nftcrnoen as it happened I hnd been
reading nn autobiographical sketch of Bell,
the inventor of the telephone, nnd nbeut the
telephone he made for the Centennial here
In 1870, and I hnd recalled what my father
told me of the incredulity concerning It at
the time. Well, here was n thing with even
greater Implications tlinn the telephone!
If the telephone and meters have changed
civilization te quite another pattern since
1870, what will this wireless phonograph
net achieve?
THE quick, clever chap who had devised
this little miracle for his two guests and
had carried it out all in the space of twenty
minutes or se had used heth the telephone
nnd n meter te accomplish his surprise, for
the instrument was net In the house when
tve begnn te tnlk of radio messages. I fancy
the particular one he hnd brought ever for
our benefit Is one of the latest inventions
as well eh the most portable.
The cost of them vnrles, he told me, from
the crude but practical ones boys enn con
struct for $15 or less te the latest equipped
ones that need less mnnlpulntlen -thnn a
phonograph, but which cost somewhere in
the $500 list.
He confessed thnt he did net understand
hew the miracle hnppened ; mere thnn that
it wns like a slenc being thrown into n
pond nnd the ripples going en nnd en te the
shorn unless they were Interrupted. He
called them "electric impulses" and rather
gave me the picture of their beating like
ripples against the walls of the room in
which we snt and net being deflected, hut
passing through.
I confess Hint though all, through this
experience the political talk of the men nnd
women In thnt room wns en vastly Inter
esting topics nnd wns what one would nl nl
met call the "head Iner" variety, the
glimpse of that new vista Inte the eternal
verities nf the natural world dimmed for the
time being the impnrtnnre of what is te
happen thl week and next nnd next year
here In Pennsylvania. I listened te the "Ills "Ills
cwslen. but the thing I felt nnd remember
new poignantly ns I write was that slender
mechanism that was strung like n Ilttle
harp and that pointed with delicate pre pre
cislen n little east or north nnd caught the
sound of n woman singing n Hussien song.
Xew that England's gloomy dean. Inge
of St. rnul's. says hi recalls that Geerge
Washington boasted of having thrown n
silver dollar 'across the Potomac, nnd sug sug
cests tluit Geerge lied nbeut It, pcrhnns
he will tell a curious world where he get
the curious bunch of misinformation.
"Without foreign labor." demands the
New Yerk Herald, "who will de our work
tl.e work that falls te the hands of un'.
skilled labor te de' The morons, perhaps.
Regret at the coming retirement of
Senater Jehn Sharpe Williams achieves
? ,nnncy with the possibility that he win
ne succeeded by James K, Vardaman,
,-.fii
FRIDA, 'JUNE 16
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NOW MY IDEA IS THIS!
Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphia en Subjects They
Knew Best
BRUCE M. WATSON
On the Child-Laber Situation
THE recent. decision of the United Stntcs
Supreme Court, declaring unconstitu
tional the Federal Child-Laber Law of 1919,
docs net in nny way affect the validity of
the Pcnnsvlvnnln law regarding child Inber,
according te Bruce M. Watsen, managing
director of the Education end Child Laber
Association of Pennsylvania.
"The only effect that the decision of the
Supreme Court can possibly have in 1 enn
sylvanin," said Mr. Watsen, "will be that
the working day of the children may possibly
be extended te nine hours Instead of eight,
ns the Federal law provided, because .the
Pennsylvania Child-Laber Law permits a
working day of nine hours. However, most
of tie Places In Pennsylvania nn. already
werking1 en nn clBlit-heiir dny en d J te
net -believe thnt many of them wi J incase
this because of the Supreme Court s action.
Conditions In Pennsylvania
"Child labor rates pretty high in Penn
sylvnnia as compared with some of .fet',cp
Stntes. The children here nre chiefly em em
pleyed in mills nnd factories, mine labor bj
children being forbidden by the law of 1010,
under which our Stnte is operating.
"This law was satisfactory, according te
the Btatus of 1015. the year when it was
passed by the Legislature, but some of the
ether States have gene nwny nhead of us in
the time which haselnpsed slhco'eur Stnte law
was adopted. The law today remains prac
tically the same as when it wns passed.
There ere many persons who believe that the
Pennsjlvnnln law should be amended se ns
te compel nn eight-hour day, and every one
knows that eight hours is long enough for
any person under sixteen yenrs of age te
work.
"Our Stnte law does net apply at nil te
children in domestic service in houses, nor
te these who work en farm, these two
classes being excepted at the time when the
law wns passed. They are the only classes
of occupation exempted from the previsions
of the net.
The Continuation Schools
"There Is also n very strong bPntlment
manifesting Itself throughout the State in
favor of requiring nttendnncc nt the con
tinuation schools for employed children up
te the age of eighteen years Instead of six
teen, as at present.
"There Is n general popular misunder
standing ns te the scope of the Federal
Child-Laber Law nnd some persons hnve the
Idea that the national law was Ideal and
covered everything. This Is n mistake. The
Federal Child-Laber Law did net prohibit
child lnber in any class of occupation nor
in nny place ; it simply put a handicap upon
the employer who used child labor. The
Pennsylvania law, en the ether hand, de
clares that child labor Is illegal end pro
vides for the arrest end punishment by fining
of the employer who violates its pro pre
visions. Federal I -aw Did .Much Geed
"At the Mime time, the Federal law, while
it reached only about 15 per cent of the
working children of the country, did nn im
mense nmeunt of geed. It wns a great been
te the small, children in the cotton Stntcs
especially. Seme of these States had no
child-labor law et all, ethers had laws en
the subject which were unsntisfneterv nmi
meager, nnd were therefore laws of low
standards, net nearly equal te the Fed
eral law.
"The Federal law also accelerated progress
in the matter of the opposition te child labor.
It caused the individual Stutcs te raise the
stnndnrds of their own laws en the subject
of child labor and encouraged these Stntcs
which did net have nny such laws nt all te
pnss them, furthermore, It helped materi
ally in the enforcement of the Stnte laws,
through having the Federal nnd the Stnte
officials working in harmony te a common
end. Where It might sometimes be difficult
te get prompt State action, this difficulty was
often removed by an appeal te the Federal
authorities for un Investigation,
Public S-'iit linen t and Child Laber
"Public sent ment against child labor is
becoming stronger and stronger every year,
and It U scarcely an exaggeration te say that
iimuj hiv tvciiiis ugmiint n m un cmpnutic
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ns It Is ngnlnst human slavery. When the
first Federal Child-Laber Law was declared
te be unconstitutional ln 1918 It created
scarcely a ripple en the surface of public
opinion. Hew the feeling hns grown Is
shown by the pretests ngainst the decision
of unconstitutionality of the second law last
month.
"The enforcement of this law in our State
lies with the police, the inspectors of the
Rurenu nf Industry nnd Lnber and the at
tendance officers of the public schools. But
between these three branches of authority
there are a geed many slips.
'It should be snld te the eternal credit
of the Philadelphia Beard of Public Educa
tion that thnt body assumed the responsi respensi
nllity of (ontrelling the street trades nt
night, such os selling newspapers, 'boot 'beet
blacking, etc., nnd the geed results of this
supervision hnve been very npparent. It is
ngnlnst the State law for children under
sixteen yenrs of age te sell anything en the
streets nt night. Before the Benrd of Public
r.micfitien took up this mnttcr there were
mnny flagrant violations of this law; new
there nre relatively few.
Dodging the Laws
"There is one curious violation of the
aw which the Federal statutes in the past
have fulled te reach, but which I believe can
only be corrected by a national law. At
present there is no way te prevent n family
living In one State from taking their chil
dren, and jumping ncress the line te nn nn
other State, working the children illegally
hi the .beet fields and after the first of
November, when the beet crop is harvested,
moving hack te the former Stnte. nveldlnc
prosecution by claiming u lnck of jurisdic
tion en the part of both States.
There nre in the country hundreds, If
net thousands, of children who nre thus get
ting only two or three months' schooling u
year and frequently none nt nil. through the
application of this system. We ourselves
have mere than a touch of this by families
in Pennsylvania removing te New Jersev
during the cranberry picking season and back
te Pennsylvania after the season closes. As
he laws of the States stand at present.
here is no way te step this and a Federn
law covering this point would be n valuable
!;;','?".,'' the child-lnber laws of 'he
What De Yeu Knew?
QUIZ
Whnt Is a Soviet?
W s'en, tf'ceTcKrJV' ,he eXpre88,en'
WherVVehunXmfpus?
uiie Is the present Premier of Tnnn7
t'zechMnr1''1 ""net
Who In Capahlanca?
Whe.re nnd whnt Is the Staked Pliln?
paBanVh0 r'glnUl mt'anln "' '" word
Answers te Yesterday's Quiz
"Prlrte Rectli before a fall" u - . .
quotation. The correct form nf "i1,8'
S betre" a17atirU'?UOn """ W
PrC,ar;efh1enn,e?;rrblr?BnSX1l
Mexico""01 State8 SenatorrfreS! New
The Drhm Is n river of Juire.s!iI,in
Ine 180 miles te the Save U was""
scene of severe "Bhtlnif between lh
WUe8r,ldaw,ar.nn,, U'Q 8erblan '" the
A dromedary has one hump
Jeseph Leula Oay-Lussae waa n i..
'fftf,7,..,PKnft.S," anTpiUVsV
French working girls were called n
settcs In nlluslen te the jrrav .Birl"
dress fnh.ie nn.i, h.'."!' W'oe en
cue" is a diminutive of ih """Z
word "grls' meanlrw Krayh Frcnch
7. T
I'he famous Krupp steel and inn ....
1887. """" nre 1812-
The term "mndure," nppiied i
means matured tl at V0n?lg?r?
strength and color. 'Wdtire" ufUl'
Span sh word, mennlmr matured ft
Mansuetude means awustemed Itn flr'.nti
a "r1ml,Unes?1i't'neness. ,0 BentI
A cotsweld is a st etch of eiun .. .
used for sheenrMinV "ntFStJSWl
iV. !l Jwaueestersh re', KnlnW
noted for excellent breed of Rm'
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SHORT CUTS
Kick-off for June's second halt.
As a financier, Ladd, of North Dakota,
has a kind heart. v
Mr. Laskcr Is firmly of the opinion tUt
geed wine needs no Busch.
We trust the income tax Installment put
no crimp In your vncatlen plans.
"Hent nnd Rust Give Wheat a Bi;
Spurt." Ne, child, net in the field.
Shipping Benrd Sea Chantey: Water,
water everywhere, but better stuff te drink.
In the Discredit Stakes the court run
ners appear te be runners-up with the rum."
runners.
When a freebooter gets after s boot
legger the ordinary guy has te leek out for
his leather.
Sing Sing Is justifying its name. San
Carle Opera Company has been entertaining
the convicts.
' "Congress .May Mnke American llenu
IJry. I here nre'sllll optimists (or crept
hangers) nbrend.
Hew, demands Mr. Lnsker, can von ci
pect nn American' ship te roll merrily home
without n wine list?
The authorities would have us believe
thnt progress in n ecrtnln murder myster;
is upWurd nnd enWnrd.
At n recent operation In a local hospital
the patient, It Is said, was calmed by radio
music. Counter irrltunt, we surmise. ,
lteccnt nriny order relieves soldiers of
the necessity of weming the deg cellar wlille
off duty during the deg days. Het deg! '
Battle between rebels and Government
troops near Asuncion, Paraguay, may
prompt ti brief Investigation of the eW
jegcrfy. '
',
Congress plans Investigation nf prebt-.
bltlen enforcement en American ship. Thli
may resemble a chanter en Snakes In
Ireland.
There nre believers in evolution m
Cllf1f -Ulft. A.I lltn. I.. .i..Hnlr,l.. ,l.A Vl H . I
uuui.-i.it.iiiti, nun ill lffl(liniiip; IIIU ut.-
damentallst they can't see beyond the tlir I
iirai ii-iivm.
If the Ferdney-McCiimbcr Tariff BU
will de anything besides Increase the cost of .
living the fact has net yet been conclusive!;
demonstrated.
Paris dispatches give one the Idea that
the girls nttcudlnir the art students' btnn
perhnps thought they were ut ,t Cnlifern'uJ
bathing beach. . 1
. (;
Every once in u while the plain cllj ;
begins ,te wonder whether It Is n tariff of
an emoprge Mr. Ferdncy mid .Mr. Mcub
ber are framing.
When the wrlnrt blows en the sub'ldj5
from the mouths of the Congressmen, then ,
the sails of the Bulling ships will bwell out
in the hurricane,
The measure of the Tariff Hill will net'
be adequately tuken until the women u",l
dcrtake the job with their muruet eussc",
and shopping bags.
Of twenty-five Vassnr girls ew'nj
the daisy chain en class day, two nan ueuu"i
hair. Se, naturally, we de net mention W j
wrote Chairman Baker te Mr. Pinchot.
is the munifeat duty of some grninmariflft
knock Ilarry'b I out. 'l
We nucBtlen If Edisen's new question',.
nnlrn deal will net him a iroed hand. "'"'Ml
If he had Included another poker '!";
bed have had n pair.
The vacuum cleaner Is being used tjj
collect potato bugs. A great and wen'J
field Is here opened te tun ngncm""
And wnat a tremepueus saiemn viuvu-f 31
agent could make In rural dlslr'nS' J"
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