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Wrlbari In Philadelphia and aurnxinln towns
't Mia rnt of tvl (is) cents pr week, payabla
tJh carrier.
.By mall te pelnta eutalda e( Philadelphia In
.the. United .lutee, Panada, nr Cnlled Htat'x pos-
MStena, peataas free, flttr t0( centi tier month.
lit tint dollar- prr r. payable In advance.
Te all fer'ltn emintrles nna (ID dollar a month.
Netice Subscribers yrlahlnc addrem chanted
Muat glva old aa well na new addreaa.
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mtltd te li uar (or republication e (ill tiry
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thtrtln'.
XII rlffStt e mubUentlen e ijrcln dl.ipnffica
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PhlUdelphil, ThunJ.y, Mtrrh 23. 1
THE FAIR MOVES ON A LITTLE
AS A mentis of initiating practical prog
ress upon the fnir. tlic Majer'a corn cern corn
mlttec'centrol plan, which the Heard of
Directors has approved, U uiiipicHtlennMy
meritorious. Without admlnlstrntlvc ib ib
dlvlalens It la manlfcRtly Impossible te In
fuae vitality Inte any lurae-wnlc enterprise.
The Klntuitnnceus functienlnj; of hureiius
or commlvlen") of experts proved Invaltmblc
both nt l'nrls In 11)11) anil :.c Waahlncten
In 1021-21'. lint the departmental hjatem
Beed net nrccanrlly renlllpt with the con
centration of ultlmiite power and reponl repenl
Wllty In r directing liead.
Indeed, in nn undertaking lllte the pro
jected exposition, individual lenderhlp Is
preclaely what Is requisite te insure de
partmental development. In nffnlrs of the
flrnt magnitude partitioned obllgntien arc
Bet nlwayg keenly realized.
"Responsibility in such mnttcr Is ttlnxlc,
Mt Joint ; absolute, net relative." Thl
acerpt from one of the most vigorous Ftate
papers of the last national Administration
Is stlmtilntlnp in pence as well an war.
The strength of unified responsibility can be
attained by the appointment of a commander-in-chief
of the fair, in whom the right
of final judgment will rest.
As super-leadership is net always readily
obtainable, it Is entirely fitting te organize
cemmitters which can Immediately proceed
te work, provided that rucIi a nregram does
et militate ngnlnst the evc.itual selection
of the right type of high official. Fortu
nately, Mr. Moere has categorically stated
that the search for n director general lias
net been abandoned.
It should be possible for the twenty com cem
alttceg already existent te adjust themselves
te the Mayer's administrative policy, in
which authority is derived from the Execu
ttra Committee, and by that body from the
Beard of Directors. The score of subsidiary
bureaus are certainly net handicapped by
deficiency of opportunity.
Aside from the decision upon the site, the
exposition still is In the nebulous stage. On
this account It is cratlf.vlne te note a step
' fteward the practical In the resolution urging
tr' Ju it. .,f .1 i t
yer prrsfun' upon me .micnm tiuvrruiiirui
,1a the len?-dlscus.ed project of e new Fed
ml' building.
It is the hope of the fnir promoters that
this new edifice will be a feature of the
'Sasqut-Centennlal and of permanent worth
te the community. Hlmllar expectations arc
entertained regarding the State's contribu
tion, and this also hns been embodied In a
resolution. Sites for the two new structures
are available near Legan Circle or en the
Parkway.
The beginnings of a definite program are
discernible in these appeals. After much
delay the contrast is distinctly refreshing.
: r
WRONG PLACE FOR LEGISLATION
i TT IS net tee much te hope that in another
X century or two the foolishness of clut-
taring State Constitutions with legislative
' previsions will Impress Itself upon enough
voters te Insist that all legislative details
ha kept out of the fundamental law.
'', The commission which proposed a let of
amendments te the Pennsylvania Constitu
tion did net have the courage te cut all such
JMttcrs from their draft. As n matter of
ftet, they followed the old rule nnd proposed
n'let of amendments te the legislation where
they should have cut It nil out.
As we have wild ninny times, n Constitu
tion Is properly n declaration of principles
and n grant of power. The Federal Con
stitution is an nduiirublc model for the
Stntes. That is. It was n;i admirably model
until the prohibitory amendment wns In-
r serted in It. That amendment is legislative.
The proper way te hove approached the
. question In the spirit of the Constitution
Itself was te have granted te Congress the
power te pass laws regulating, even te the
extent of prohibiting, the manufacture and
sale of intoxicating beverages. This would
have put up te Congress the duty of lcgis
lating. They have begun tn perceive the felly of
legislating by constitutional amendment In
New Yerk, where the World Is calling at
tention te an amendment en which the peo
ple will be culled te vote in the fall. It is
Whether the .Mayer et .cw Yerk, after the
Legislature adjourns, shall leturn hllle nf.
fecting the city direct te the Coventer or e
tht clerk of the house In which they erlgi-
111" - ,... .n uui. ,1 J.T-!I!1 Hi me jsrutu
tgy' Who cares anything about this. Jt is purrl)
;-' inatter of routine which might te be left
5 ' JlVt,,e ,llscrctl,"i "t "'c Legislature, As the
r iVerld says, in New Yerk iih in mn.f i,
&. States picayune amendments lire presented
jsJ(J ''because its Constitution, fever.tl times lis
&V " Jlong ns that of the Natien, is cluttered with
;.; inlsplaccd legislation."
' j
THE RIDDLE OF COAL
TIIK call for a coal strike Is out ami duys
of anxiety tire en the wit) for every one
Who uses authrnclte and for every one who
;dpends for it living en Industries which use
"bituminous for fuel. People are beginning
te wonder whether they should fill their coal
bins from available stocks In order te keep
warm next winter or wait anil take n ehnrice
d hope for the reduction of retail rates
Which they were led te expect In the late
apriajf.
f I M is significant of the whole nature of
yttst coal business and of nbuses which per-
MSPi I" operation et imsic Industries.
L5i;.ile c00' mines, that no one can safely
twafrls the public In this instance or Inform
m .. .... wk vv,,, fiiii iiu-
I entirely upon the duration of the
kt new called for April 1, If the
continues through the summer. there
an anthracite shortage in the fall
Mw opportunities for profiteering. If
Interference brings an early end of
cheaper coal should be available
before coal weather comes
ti8sbj&!LlS&'&A
warn mm nusweiMMu i
,-
even the continued 'operation of industries
tn many fields depends new upon the
whims of a small group et mine operators
and the men who formulate the policies et
the miners' unions. That Is net as It should
be. Hut Congress, after many nppeals, con
tinues te wait and trust te luck rather than
make an Important decision. It has hoped
that the coal problem would settle Itself.
And, of course, It has hoped in vnln.
HARDINO SHOULD READ
THE RIOT ACT TO CONGRESS
Tha President's Functions Are Threat
ened and National Safety Imparled
by Our Leadtrleas and Vision
less Legislators
PKK8IDKNT HARDINO Is an amiable
man disinclined te strife, but It is pos
sible that Congress tuny push him se far ns
te arouse his .Ightlng spirit.
He entered office with the determination
te respect the rWhts of Congress and te
refrain from giving reason for the kind of
criticism that wns directed against Presi
dent Wilsen.
In the yenr since he has been In office
Congress has been mngnlfylng Its powers nnd
assuming that it is supreme in the Onvcrn
ment. The Sennte adopted u rcervotlen te
the treaty with Cermnny providing thnt no
American representative should sit In the
Ilepnratlens Commission. This was clearly
an Inrnslen of the President's discretion
in the conduct of foreign affairs. Whether
we should be represented nnd hew wasprop wasprep
crlr n matter in the discretion of the Kx
e.'titlve. Hut the President, for reasons
that seemed geed te him, made no serious
pretest ngalnst this curtailment of his
powers. As n remit we arc handicapped
new In our efforts .e collect $241,000,000
from (Jermeny te pay for the mnlntennncc
of our troops en the Ithlne.
The Heuse, seeing hew easily the Senate
accomplished ts invasion of the President's
functions, s preparing te interfere with the
1'xecutive control of the army and the navy.
There Is n group of Representatives seeking
te reduce the number of soldiers and sailors
below the point of natlennl safety. It It
going even further than thnt, for It Is pro
posing te order the President te recall all
troops from China, from Hawaii, from the
Canal Zene nnd from the Rhine.
The distribution of the troops properly
belongs te the commander-in-chief. He
must hnvc the widest possible discretion In
this matter If the nntiennl Interests are te
be protected. If he has te ask Congress
whether he may incrense or reduce the slr.e
of the legation garrison in China or the
number of men needed te take care of the
fortifications In Hawaii or in the Cnnnl
Zene he censes te be the cemmnndcr-ln-chlc,f
and the duties of that office are per
formed by Congress.
President Harding hns definitely an
nounced that if CengreM attempts te exer
cise this authority It would "necesnrlly be
disputed." It remains te be seen hew far
he would go In his dispute. . He could veto
the hill recalling the troops, but his veto
might be overridden. Then the test would
come.
Andrew Jacksen, it will be recalled, once
defied the Supreme CeiiTt when It sought
tn reverse some net of his thnt wns within
his discretion, Jacksen remnrked when lie
heard of the court decisien: "Thnt Is Jehn
Marshall's opinion. New let's scr him
enforce It." Marshall did net enforce it.
Would President Harding keep the troops
In Chine and the ether places where he
thought they were needed? Secretary
Weeks would undoubtedly co-epernte with
him te the full extent of his ability, nnd
every cltlxen with any proper conception of
the constitutional powers of the Executive
would support the President nnd the Sec
retary of War.
This whole movement te reduce the size
of the nr.my nnd the navy nnd te dictate te
the President regarding the disposition of
the military forces and te isolate the coun
try has its origin omeng the Little American
pacifists. Thev de net want any army or
navy. They de net wnnt the I'nlted Stntes
te have any dealings with any ether nation,
but they wish It te remain Isolated en this
continent. Agreements with ether nations
te co-operate in keeping the pence of the
world are nbherrent te them. They fought
the Versailles Treaty and they nrc new
fighting the Four-Power Trenty,
They de net eem te understand thnt if
we are te be Iselnted it will be necessary
te maintain n lnrge defensive force ngHlnst
the rest of the world, or that If we make
pence agreements with ether nations the
defensive force enn be reduced tn n mini
mum. They de net seem te recnll thnt
bitter experience has proved the felly of
Mr. Rrynn's fantastic notion thnt we could
raise an army of 1,000,000 men overnight
which might rush in jitneys te a threatened
point in time te defend It.
It may be necessary for .Mr. Hurtling t
take Congress by the cellar nnd shake some
sense into it. Congress lacks both vision
and leadership at the present time. It has
no perception of the great Issi Involved
In our foreign relations, or cten In the do
mestic questions of taxation, nnd is blunder
ing along without rejnrd te the conse
quences. ABOUT WEATHER
SOMKHODY Mr. Shakespeare,
it? said there ure sermons in
wnsn t
stones.
Certainly 'It is easy te wring n sermon out
of weather.
Weather is something that affects eierj eierj
bedy alike and asks no questions and makes
no apologies and plays no favorites. Ob
serve the weather if you want tn knew hew
difficult It Is for any one with general re
sponsibility te make every one satisfied or
happy.
"This," mutters the man In the street,
"Is a rotten spring. Toe cold for decency!"
People In cities Mihpcct that the weather
forecaster is somehow in league with the
ieal combine, let If the spring were other
wise than cold the farmers would wire their
bio' In Washington nnd demand an expla
nation. Fer It is very Important te farm
ers that winter wear itself out new nnd ex
pend all its chills before April. Celd
weather keeps the buds under cover, well
out of harm's way, where they can store up
energy which later will bring large fruit
crops.
Warm weather new would bring the buds
out te maturity, nnd, for nil you knew, one
grand belated swish of winter's tnll would
leave them dead ns it did last jenr.
A "BUSINESS" CONGRESS!
IF A man's business wan in such shape
that he hnd estimated last fall that
his receipts up te the und of June would
be $2400 less than his expenses, nnd
thnt the deficit nt the end of June next year
would increase te $110,000, what would his
business associates think of him If he yielded
te the Importunities of his wife and bought
her a $10.(H)0 limousine?
The Federal Government Is In the posi
tion of this hypothetical business man, but
Its position this enr will Be relatively much
worse thnn his.
Secretnry Mellen estimated Inst full that
the Treasury would be faced with a deficit
of $24,000,000 nt the end of the fiscal year,
and thut next year the deficit would amount
te 300,000,000.
The receipts, tbusclfar Indicate that his
estimate for the cuxfjent year was tee low.
Kssrlr nine saMtluref th. fiscal rear have
t -iv ;.-.,-'. . . 'i. " iti..i:, ,:
ISltfWW im t'taaranacit
Mxftwn
EVENING PUBLIC LBDGBan2ifeiL4rtA, TBttiltBbAY, ' 'MXtiH
new $144,000,000, and it is said te be mere
likely te rise te 1200,000,000 than te fall
below that figure. There are fewer than ten
days of the current quarter remaining, The
Treasury receipts, which were expected te
be $400,000,000, had amounted te only
$.110,000,000 at the close of business en
Monday night. If the reach $400,000,000
by the end of the month every one will be
surprised.
This condition 5in the Treasury reflects
the conditions of business, nut in the face
of these figures the Heuse of Representatives
is going nhead with a plan which, if carried
out, will involve the Natien in tha ex
penditure before the year Is closed of no
one knows hew many millions, nnd before
the bills are all paid will involve the ex
penditure of about $5,000,000,000. It Is
showing the snmc kind of financial felly
that the business man would show if he
bought his wife an expensive motorcar when
his receipts were net enough te cover his
expenses. .
"OPERATED BY STOCKHOLDERS"
SIGNIFICANT In many ways and almost
astonishing In its incisive sprlghtllness
is the sign displayed In trolley cars te In
form nil who ride? nnd read thnt each cnr Is
new "operated by stockholders" of the
P. R. T. Old-fashioned people will rub
their eyes. All the stockholders of familiar
legend wero white vests nnd two-pound
geld watch chains upon their main facades,
Doubtless the conductors nnd motormen of
Mr. Mltten'a army of progress will rub
their eyes, tee. Hut there the sign Is nnd,
what Is mere, It tells the simple truth. And
It Implies far mere than Is contained In the
simple text.
If a man may own one share of stock ht
will be In n way te own two or two hun
dred. And there in no doubt thnt If stock
holders of trolley corporations had been ac
customed te operate their own cars, or even
te ride In them new and then, the history of
street-railway management In America
would net be the dreary record of exploita
tion, graft, futility and failure that It Is.
Undoubtedly the newest sign In the trolley
cars Is intended for the eyes of the em em
peoyes ns well as for the eyes of the public.
It pledges courteous, efficient and safe serv
ice, and, oddly enough, it gees far toward
making that sort of service possible. Fer a
stockholder In n corporation, even though"
he be n small stockholder, will experience
psychological processes unknown te the mere
empleye. He Is pretty sure te have a
greater respect for the property nnd Its
patrons, and a new sort of outlook en his
Jeb.
A let hns been written about the dis
courtesy of trolley men and some of it seems
te have rem lied the consciousness of the
Mitten management. Hut It Is only fair te
remember that nlmest every one has moments
of the blues nnd moments when hjs nerves
give way te accumulating Irritations. The
butcher or the miker or the cnndlcstlck
maker may retire te his front parlor and
regain composure, nnd the bnnker can shut
himself in his Inner office te de his worry
ing, nut the trellcyraan must stay in the
center of the stage. ,
Courtesy and nn even temper nnd n will
ingness te go along In the spirit of the Mit
ten management will greatly help the treltey
corporation and its men nnd its manage
ment in carrjing through the hnppy experi
ment just begun. Geed nnd efficient and
safe service will attract patronage.
The public ought te be courteous, tee. It
does net always exhibit nn ideally polite
manner in the trolley cars or toward the
trolley crews. It ought te be glad that
things ere ns they are. Fer it Is conceiv
able that trolley conductors and motormen
who didn't seem te tnke their jobs seriously
and who didn't think that the public or the
scrUec mattered greatly were only following
the lessens taught by the people higher up.
whose every notion, during a long period of
years, said mere plainly than words could
say it, "The public be damned!"
FRENCH NERVES UNSTEADY
ACCORDING te General Castelnnu, n
leading spmser for the new French
Army program, the republic, of which he
is a distinguished figure, "is a great pacifist
nation." "We cannot," he adds, "vouch
for ethers."
It Is ensy te view this declaration of policy
ns an echo of the militarism which caused
the World War transferred wet of the
Rhine. The Imperial Hohcnzellerns pre
pared for peace with the bojenct and the
machine-gun. Without the "previous ex
istence of great standing armies, It Is hardly
imaginable that the world conflict would
have been waged.
Rut the problem in France is complicated
by memories which react against the ampli
fication of the logic of the situation. A
nation which was invaded by foreign armies
three times within n century cannot be piti
lessly condemned for entertaining fears.
Time must be allowed for recovery of French
nerves, nnd it is net surprising thnt less
thnn four years after the nrmlsticc they
still nre shnttered.
It Is General Castelnnu's iden that, owing
te disparities" in population, "France must
have three men te one for Germany as n
standing army."
nut .this militaristic talk does net ac
curately represent French opinion. The
new Army Hill, new In the Chnmber of
Deputies, provides for eighteen months'
compulsory service, which is a marked re
duction from the pre-wnr regulations.
The progress toward an alleviation of
French feurs hns been slewed and constantly
cmbnrrnssed by nn nggressive chauvinism
which hns been capitalizing the national
psychology. Americans who may be dis
pleased and troubled by the present situa
tion have no means of knowing whether
they would be capable of thinking mere
clearly than Frenchmen if enmeshed In slm
ilar circumstances.
This is the hundredth
Nearly Made Geed anniversary of the birth
of Dr. Jnmcs M.
Peebles. Yeu mny net remember Dr.
Peebles. In his ninety-ninth yeer he wrote
n book en "Hew te Live te He n Hundred,"
and then fnexlcd en the last hole, dying last
month In Les Angeles. The only proper
time te explain, expound or brug is after
the event.
Nobody thinks Hernh a
Excusjng Hernh knave; nobody thinks
him a feel ; but neither
knave nor feel misinterprets the truth mere
successfully than he. Heme little flaw in the
mirror of his mind distorts the thing it re
flects and makes a monster out of n common
place. A kindly hope thus becomes a dire
conspiracy and every brief misunderstanding
spells disaster
A prisoner wnltlng for death nt Sing
Sing craved music ami asked for n mouth
organ; but this wan denied him, for there Is
metnl in the mouth ergnn und the prisoner
might be tempted te de InJuiy te himself.
Wheir the law ninis te de some killing it
brooks no opposition.
These who believe rndle will hint the
business of the telephone and telegraph com
panies nre akin te these who feared the
motorcar would mnke the horse as extinct
ns the dodo. , mmmm
Penology will have made n big advance
when It can bring malefactors te tears of
repentance ns well ns te tiers of cells.
Kven the most radical hope the glrlu
won't begin wearing clothes te match their
invisible Itnirnins.
. HljtfifalutlBg language
MMlhMsi'tam-
tifrpwa,
- r - WteWkSAMv m&iV'VW" . H" '
OUR CHEAT CENTENNIAL
,i i
Odd and Intarastlnj Faeta About tha
Flrat Big Bxpoaltlen en Western
Hamleprure Had Narrow
Eicapa Prem Bankruptcy
. By GEORGE NOX McCAlN
A RETROSPECTIVE (lance at the Can
tennlal Exposition of 3870 Is partlcn
Iarl interesting Just new, In view of the
work te be done in connection with tha
Scsmil-Centennlnl.
Comparatively few people believed at the
tlme that the Centennial could succeed.
President Grant formally "commended"
it te foreign Powers.
This, however, did net constitute an invl invl
tntlen te them te participate.
Secretary Plih, whether from doubt of
the preposition or from an unworthy oppo
sition which had taken shape In New ierk,
threw cold water en the Philadelphia enter
prise. He sent notices te all consular ana diplo
matic representatives te inform inquirers
that President Grant hnd merely commended
the Exposition; had net Invited participa
tion. Charles Sumner, of Mnssnchusctts, struck
it another blew when he took occasion te
prophesy en the fleer of the Senate that It
would be h failure.
He argued that England could net con
sistently take part in the celebration of th
anniversary of her own defeat.
JOHN W. FORNEY"took the bull by the
horns Instantly.
He had listened te Sumner'a jeremiad
from the gallery of the Senate when the mat
ter waa up for debate.
The following day he called upon Blr
Edward Thornten, then Hrltlsh Minister at
Washington, nnd asked him It he would
verify Sumner's declaration.
"Mr. Sumner," said Sir Edwnrd, "does
net represent Great Hrltnln en the fleer of
the Senate. Her Majesty's Government la
friendly te the project. If for nothing else
than her commercial supremacy's sake.
Great Britain Cannet afford te stay away."
That scotched the opposition pretty effec
tually. Colonel Ferney wns subsequently made
European Commissioner te represent the
Centennial.
PARSIMONY was the keynote of the Gov
ernment in these days'; precautionary
conservatism perhaps.
Possibly Congress wps net te be censured,
for the panic of IH'.'I broke like a cyclone
right in the .midst of the preliminary
arrangements.
The Centennial Commissioners had planned
nn elaborate mala building te cost $4,000,000.
The Government appropriation wns se far
below what had been expected that these
plans were scrapped and a main building
wen erected nt a cost of approximately
$1,000,000.
When the actual work of building began"
there was $3,000,000 in hand.
Of this the State had appropriated
11.000,000, the city $1,500,000 and the
balance waa made up by Individual sub
scriptions of citlscns.
As the work proceeded the pessimism at
Washington expanded und enst its sJiadew
en the city.
THIS shadow deepened after the opening
of the Exhibition.
The Sabbatarians had insisted that the
doers be closed en Sunday, though the oppo
sition claimed this day would attract the
largest crowd of the week.
The less for the first three months ranged
from $10,000 te $25,000 a day.
By September 1, 1870, se terrible had
grown the dreln that some members of the
management again advocated Sunday open
ing In the hope of recouping a part of the
less.
But their opponents declared they would
obtain an injunction In case the suggestion
was adopted.
The doers remained scaled en the first day
of the week te theend.
Nothing but cool weather nnd nn easing
up of the money market averted bankruptcy
for the Centennial.
A CURIOUS feature was that virtunlly
all the Southern Stntes, with the excep
tion of Mississippi, Maryland nnd Arkansas,
failed te make uny appropriation for their
representation.
Of the Northern States and territories
Cnllfernln, Idaho, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, Vermont and Washington
also failed te make appropriations.
Seventeen years later Arkansas, Dela
ware, Kansas, Mnrylnnd, .Mississippi, Ne
vndn, Oregon nnd Rhede Island failed te
make appropriations te the Columbian Ex
position of 1803 nt Chicago.
UNDER Director General Iluwley there
were seventeen administrative bureaus
at the Centennial.
The Bureau of Installation, which had te
de with the arrangement of exhibits, was
organized en January 14, 1675. It com
pleted its work en May 0, 1870, the day
, before the exhibition opened.
The total number of American exhibitors
was 0200.
The arc of the grounds was 281.40 acres,
of which 70.08 acres were covered by build
ings. There were In nil 102 special exhibi
tion buildings divided ns follews:
United States Government, 7; foreign
Governments, 15 ; State buildings, 24 ; priv
ate exhibitors, 70,
The total number of admissions, including
pnsses, was 0,010,000.
The average pnld admissions were 50,341
tfniiy.
OCTOBER, 1870, witnessed the largest
Attendance et any month.
Cnsh admissions ran as follews: Mey,
378,080; June. (',05,(100; July. (130,518;
August, 0aS,H04; September (Including ad
missions te livestock show, extra), 2,130,
001; October, 2,334,030; November, Olfc,
005. The last three months all Include admis
sions te the stock show In addition te admis
sions te the grounds.
A tetnl of $237,030 wns received for
privileges. The royalties from various en
terprises amounted te $204,381, making a
total from concessions of $441,411.
It wns recognized tee late that the above
sum web a mere pittance te what might
have been realized from this source.
a an
ONE of the most interesting features of
the Centcnnlnl wns Its music.
There was u music platform In the mnin
building with one of the Inrgest pipe nrgnns
in the world, tit thut time, for concert pur
poses. In nil 148 musical cntertnlnments were
given there.
The best bnuds nnd orchestras In the
country eccuplid the stnge nt different times
nnd there were, in addition, many singing
societies.
The last piece played en the great organ
en the closing day wns "My Country 'Tin
of Thee."
An Interesting and valuable feature wns
the Centennial Hank, which did business en
the grounds.
It Is still In existence and occupies the
building nt the corner of Thirty-second and
Market streets.
IT required two jenrs te complete the main
building.
Werk was commenced en it In September
1874, etid it wns turned ever te the cetuinls.
sien as complete en Jnnttary 1, 187(1
It required the services of (ISO empleyes
te keep it In shape during the exhibition.
This wns exclusive of persons employed
by exhibitors.
There were 2751 exhibitors In the main
building who bad 037,103 articles for uale
or exhibition.
Their tetnl value wns $3,083,403 nnd the
cost of exhibiting them, Including care,
transportation. Insurance, labor and Inci
dentals, wns $l,025,tl78.
In Machinery Hall there was gathered
together ine grraiesi iggrruiien lit nac&.
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NOW MY IDEA IS THIS!
Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphia en Subjects They
Knew Best
ANTHONY McGRANN
On Training the Clty'a Flre Fightara
FEW residents of Philadelphia knew the
amount of time nnd enre which is ex
pended upon the technical education of the
members of the City Fire Department, or
thnt the city maintains for this purpose u
school which Is noted for its excellence
throughout the United States. The first and
most important requirement of a fireman is a
responsiveness te discipline, according te
Antheny McGrnnn, Instructor nt the Train
ing Scheel for Fire Service.
"Our training school," snid Mr. McGrnnn.
"has been in operation since 1013 nnd we
hnve graduated 1007 men as thoroughly ef
ficient for fire service. The period of train
ing is fifty working days, consisting of ten
weeks of five days' Instruction each week.
"We are new getting a better class of
rnen thnn we formerly did, and mere men
nre nppnrently eager te be appointed te the
lire service.
Conrage Always Required
"Before these men come te the training
school, they hnvc received their appointments
ns members of the Burenu of Fire nnd hnve
passed nil the physical and mental require
ments of the. bureau.
"Nerve and courage nre prlmnry require
ments in a fireman, and It docs net tnke us
very long te find out whether or net n man
has these qualities and in what quantities
he has them. Seme few men who have come
te us hnve never been up a high ladder in
their lives nnd te most of them the whole
experience Is entirely new. We nre very
careful of their feelings, and every man is
treated fairly. There nre no favors shown
nnd I never nllew any of my nsslstnnts te
humiliate a man or te make demands upon
him which are beyond his physical strength.
As n consequence, we have never had any
cemplnints from any of the hundreds of men
who have tnken the course.
"Discipline and respect for authority are
the first elements in the making of n geed
fireman, and these must be taught first. We
can tnke about forty-eight men nt the school
nt one time. We hnvc hnd mere, but thnt is.
nbeut the number which the building nnd the
jnrd will accommodate te the best advantage.
Regular Attendance Required
"The utmost regularity of nttendence Is
required. If a man misses three days during
the training course, I can de nothing but
detach him, and later he must take the fuH
course again just as though he had net
passed the oxnmlnntlen. Even sickness can
not be taken ns art excuse.
"The rensnn for this rule is thnt the men
learn something new every day, nnd the fifty
days are fully occupied all of the time.
"The principal requirements of a fireman
nre geed health, courage, physical and men
tal activity and n cool head. In the emer
gency of n fire, he must decide ninny things
upon the Instant nnd his decisions must be
right. I have often been asked by the stu
dents at the school why se many things are
taught them for which they de net see the
necessity. The answer Is that these things
teach them resourcefulness and give them
knowledge which mny be exceedingly -useful
In an emergency.
"They are taught everything nbeut fire
fighting except tha actual experience with
real flames. One important thing is thnt
they nre tnuxht the standard nameB of the
fire tools nnd when and where te use them
und with ns little damage aa possible.
Rescuing Human Beings
'Each student is given n thorough course
in the rescuing of human beings from n
burning building, and they are taught hew te
tie n helpless person se as te carry thiln most
easily and hew te prepare Injured persons
for carrying out of n building. This Is part
nf the course and is In addition te the work
of actually fighting fire.
"We are new getting a let of beyn in ths
fire service who have had excellent prelimi
nary training. Many of them have seen serv
ice overseas and therefore arc accustomed t6
discipline. If, In addition te this, we can
keep them en their tees' they nre bound tn
make geed firemen,
"Tite men must make an average of 70 te
graduate; if they de net, they must return
te1 the acnoei ier iinewier inry uays train
IM,, Bevonty-iiverer cent of the students
Mate, ui tne iat squaa, which Director
aan vmn iiujin, ai Sill M.WI It .. . arwn li em, 11,., ,, I wiwi luunai.f'jiifiiffii 'n C"' -il v-li
rihii Aa j am.m a aaji .. l .. -ir' " aa i.....
ttiii'ttew'iiMsVRf' ;,,.;K:Hv:,g,,aArabmh,,' poeaUet; tmviwmlvmilVUS
1&&
WATCH YOUR STEP
2
A;
J 5yr 4i'.iv ur 4 J
0r
mere than ninety days, se that any of them
could have been dropped by the Director
without a hearing if they had failed te pass.
The men nre from twenty-one te thirty-five
years of age when they enter the service,
and practically all of them nre entirely new
te fire work.
The Course of Instruction
"When the men arrive at the school they
nre formed into companies of about seven
each nnd lenrn en the first dny the names of
the Implements they are te use nnd get some
ncqualntance with the machines. Then en
about the second or third dny the liuldcr en
the main truck is raised te vertical, n height
of about fifty-two feet, nnd following nn In
structor who ascends slowly, the men climb
te the top. In n few days we send one up
one side of the lndder and another up the
ether side nnd hnve them pnss at the top.
After they can de this they enn climb any
thing with perfect confidence. The lessens
get mere difficult as they progress.
"In the examination they are questioned as
te general knowiedge of the work ; proficiency
ns horsemen, lnddcrmcn nnd in rescue work ;
In tools nnd their uses; tying approved knots
and hitches; efficiency in hlgh-prcssure
service; ebeiliencc. alacrity and aptitude for
the service. If they pnss 'at 75 or better
they arc fully qualified firemen and most of
them de pass nt better than 75.
Visitor Puplle
"There nrc eight clnsscs or squads and
they work four periods a day, each pcrjed
being about an hour nnd n quarter long. Twe
squads de the same work at the same time,
se that eeeh day each squad receives exactly
(lie same amount nnd same kind of training.
Ihe weather mekes ne''d!ffercnce except that
n very cold days the squads alternnte with
Indoors nnd out-of-doers work.
.t "Si'0 'i2d some distinguished 'visitor'
pupils. The TTnltcd States Government : "nt
Kvr mZC F,"LPrtnwnt of Leuisv ll"
Ky sent two officers, nnd n fire mershn
from Cincinnati, two cnptalns of the Camden
department and two men from the Bethlehem
Kn1rk mVC Pn """"'f visitor"
They tnke the entire course nnd the exl
amlnntlens just like the Pl.ilndclp! In punHs
and most of them ranked very high i, the'
examinations. They nil went back nn be
enme instructors of our system, the Govern Gevern
ment men in the navy yards, and the ethers
nt their respective cltle9 or plnnr". Our
flre?L n.n nn'vi"ble position nme ,g t e
JVitir0'in,n.B 1,en.,H "f the country, nnd much
of this is due te the Interest and entli is asm
of Director Cortelyet, and ChW vis hi
helping us e bring the school te the l.lghes
possible point of efficiency." "'Rnesi
What De Yeu Knew?
QUIZ
1. Hew did the term Poeh-Unh com. i i
SSVtVnceT" 0t P&S PM
fnVehacnWh C0"r - B'oemfenteln
3' "0BVress?POr, niC W"tea In Cen-
SwlnB IIic.,,er Derl'lez?
R. What h n philippic?
, what Is barelpgy?
7. What Is nn apophthegm?
5' U?w l,helldthe word be pronounced'
te: S&W chWfiffl!7pC0f th
Answers te Yesterday'a Quiz
1, Geerge Corden Mesde. victorleuH ..,
tnnnder of the Union forces n..m'
Hnttle of Qettysbunr wii i" M16
, A SJfdla, Spain, of AmS'lcaVpnte ,n
2. A 'flair" Is n select ve Instinct ?:, .
s excellent, JirefltnblA etc, The '?
Is from the French "rialrer " !? 'tf
3, Use of shall in the Vflrsl : n&0n nT i
fbnll de It," nnd will n the RCCOnd .mrt
third persons, nn "Yeu will iin ,i ,nrt
Hpwlilolt.'NlfneteartmVuturltvr
4. Louisiana Is the southernmost stnKfV
which nny President of tn , I'nuiS
Stntes waa ever elected. Tin successfn
candidate wns Znehnry Tayler u
6. The perihelion Is thnt point In a t)lnt.e.-u
orbit nt which' It Is nearest te 2 hum
C. The character of Jehn Silver .u":
cook and pirate, occurs In Rebert jiUi
IsTand."0"8 ,nmUa ",ery' Twnaure
7. The' War of the Hoses In Rntrlan.l n
8. Therm ' V ie Ws
S22. '??-" w wcVte
""""- " 1 T
at cTtletvln fieri In i
i s. two impertni
x C
ft .flrl
-tH
' ' ' K , - I
'... .1
ae- i t "
SHORT CUTS
The law's straight course la occaaleully
wriggley.
Bcldleraan appears te hnve been checked
in full course.
We suspect that what Berah is new
bunting is a anark.
Better postpone your spring fever till
the breeze grows warmer.
When patriotism is cemmercialised,
idealism becomes fly-specked.
Dawn hns arrived in Erin, but some et
her sons refuse te open the shutters.
All Mngee desires is n change In the let
ter of the lawgiver i. e., Bill for Bell.
The four-flush opposition te the Four
Power Treaty only needs te be called.
In the political band the note et Majer
Reed appears te dominate miner brass.
Birds in their little nests agree, which
differentiates them from California juries.
Is it seriously contended that men who ' :
hnvc saved the country nave a right te rum
It?
Beth parties are entitled te all the com
fort they con get out et the Maine elec
tions. Perhaps General Pershing can recruit'
his skeleton army from Congress. Artlculati
bones.
Evidences nre legion that there Is noth
ing like a benua te put jazz in a membership
committee. ,
Ventner City tax collector Is trying te
select u Cupid-proof secretary. Select hl
grandmother I
Seme brave, hale Inds wnnt the bonus;
some brave disabled lnds need it. Let tlieM
who need hnvc.
Perhnps Cengrers is aiming nt cxecatln
authority becnusc It renllzes Its failure a a
legislative body.
The most dangerous and despicable of
nil demagogues is he who hides his Infsmy
behind the flag.
Les Angeles scientist has invented cold
light, remarked Demosthenes McOlnnls, bill
no man bheuld make light of a cold.
The only reason certnin members of tji
Heuse and Senate are net pulverized W
criticism is that you can't pulverize jelly.
Te hear some tell it, Uncle Sam is de
termined te sell his goods abroad, even If w
has tn put the matter in the hands of tni
Sheriff.
If Dc Vnlcra will communicate with
Lenlne. he mny lenrn something te his ae
vantage, te wit : It Is nlwnys unwise te
bite off mere than you can chew.
Our prophecy concerning the Maine elec
tion hus'becn abundantly fulfill wl. " WJ
been nt once n rebuke In nnd nn I""'"":
ment of the Administration, according te W"
politics of the observer.
IfC.overner Sproul naked Senater Cre
te resign en nrceunt nt '"J'!r ',,?,',
Treaty fight in the Senate lie "'fYJII
effectively have mine his plea en the eu
known und deservedly popular issue of noun
nnd mother.
President Harding is wild te be grewliil
angry nt the way Congress Is eJn .
mlvli-n and trespassing nn his pw 'v 'cf
This Is the best news that hns i L"
Washington for some time. A pcuccful ns
sometimes works a mean fist.
Twe U. et P. students arrested t
tenrliitf down signs put the blame en a new
fad of Interior decorellon. The "
dents show in conforming te fads Indlrete.
of course, the superior earnestness V""
which they attack their studies.
v,.... if ll,..., i iin.,!, .Tniinken or Rebin.
son enn discover i'hnt during the Washing ,j
Conference Hughes, !dw, Reet er(tnU jlj
.. . ia..uii..i. aiA &jk niiia iuii- ran
ittiifs
;sm:
mmmfeu:;,j.jt&
KOJM
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