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VIP Hi BMtlXT. ..Editor
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rhlld-lphl. Thundir, July 14, 1M1
LEASE LESSONS
DIRECTOR TWlNlNO'S detailed report
ou the proposed couucllmnnic chnnges
In tho transit lease definitely permits the in
ference that many of the suggestions made
were obstructlonary. Three months' delay
in opening the Fraukford elevated is fore
cast unless thi city and the P. 11. T. come
to terins under which the latter party will
operate the new line.
Mr. Twining has never heeitnted to sub
ject the lease to the severest scrutiny. While
It is not Ideal, while its value to the public
would be vastly strengthened by the incor
poration of certain explicit changes, it is
obvious that the adoption of this plan does
nvitn tho performance of promises long
pwtponed nnd the fulfillment of obligations
' lonu deferred.
I'hiiadvlphians utterly weary of delays in
carrying out the high-speed line program
can find in Mr. Twlning's survey of the
ease the seeds of hope. Steps to plant them
trc now decidedly In order.
TOKIO'S RELUCTANCE
THE delay of Japan Ju answering tho
American disarmament proposal is sig
nificant, but need not bo construed as
nlarming. Indeed, tho reluctance exhibited
in Toklo, coupled with the easeruess of
Great Britain, France nnd Italy to enter
the parley, actually exerts a clarifying ef
fect upon the situation.
Making due allowance for some inevitable
differences of opinion, It is evident that the
United States can count upon the hearty co
operation of her European associates in the
world conflict in a plan to reduce naval and
military expenditures. The swift line-up
of Powers can hardly fall to carry its mean
ing to the Japanese Government.
The trend of civilization is nnmlstnknble.
Japan's position In the coming conference
will not be Improved by the way events have
shaped.
Outside the convention she would be os
tracized in nu extremely real munncr.
Participating, she will have something of
the aspect of a recalcitrant overshadowed
by a powerful majority.
PRICES AND MILK BOTTLES
fTUIE head .of one of the large milk-dis-JL
tributiug companies says that milk
bottles worth half a million dollars are
broken in this city every year, and that if
this loss were "stopped milk would be
cheaper.
Of course, care should be taken in re
turning the bottles to the dealers. They aro
merely loaned to the purchasers of milk.
But the consumers accustomed to the high
price of milk may be pardoned if they huve
some doubts about the prospect for a re
duction in the price of milk following greater
care for the bottles.
A llttlo arithmetic applied to the figures
quoted by tho milk distributor produces In
teresting results. A bottle costs six cents.
At this rato half a million dollars would
buy n little more than 8,000,000 bottles.
There are about 400,000 families in the
city, By dividing the number of families
into the number of bottles broken, it Is
.found that each family breaks twenty bottles
'A year, or one bottlo every eighteen days.
The bottle loss, then, is one-third of a
cent a day.
No milk dealer will reduce the price of
milk n cent as a result of a saving to him
of one-third of n cent. Hut if the dealers
hnvo been adding a cent to tho price of milk
to cover their losses on broken bottles, thus
making a profit of $1,000,000 a year on their
glassware, there might be a reduction of
one-half a cent a quart in case the bottles
were never broken. But it is not likely thnt
tho milk dealers will admit that they have
been charging the consumers three prices
for the broken bottles.
Yet if the dealers can make some ar
rangements by which they can reduce the
price of milk every one will be delighted.
THE UNTEACHABLE
f ALREADY It is possible to foresee the
XV. character of the opposition that will
be organized ngnlnst those who really uish
to mnko partial disarmament a world rule
through the approaching conference at
Washington.
"The Allies," says Mr. Borah, "have to
disarm unless they wish to be dragged under
the feet of a rising and armament-free
Germany by the weight of their own tax
burdens!" Spokesmen for the militaristic
clique at Paris were as quick as Mr. Borah
to be cynical. The conference, they oh
serve, is called by the United States chiefly
o prevent a war in the Pacific.
Let us suppose for a moment that Mr.
Sorah and the French chauvinists speak
truth. Is there something more horrible in
tho thought of the nations of the wonltl
peaceably adjusting their differences nnd
reconciling their affairs than there is in the
thought of another conflagration In Europe?
,3s It better 'to avert war by rational and
reasonable methods than to go headlong to
another period of slaughter and nutlonal
Impoverishment?
BASTILLE DAY FITLY HONORED
PROSTItATIXG heat is given as the olll
, cial explanation of the order calling off
the traditionally gorgeous display of the
crack troops of the French Army at Long
clomps today. The excuse may be au
thentic. Tho abandonment of the spectacle is, how
ever, significantly timed. Ten or twenty
ytars ago denial to the Parisians of their
brilliant review of the Fourteenth of July
would Inevitably have been deemed a reflec
tion on "la glolre."
If any considerable number of protests
hnvu been raised this year they have failed
to carry across the Atlantic. Bastille Day,
tli,t rubrirntrd ,-.ite In the calendar of
human liberties, is being joyously celebrated
jUt this moment. Its luster cannot be
illmmrd by conversion of the event into
fea'cthlnsf different from a military show.
The French possess a recognized faculty
for making holiday. They have long done
well tvith Bastille Day, nnd jet that festival
denoted in one of Its moat highly organized
features. the grim prospect of conflict. In
an unmUtnknble sense the Longchumps ro
view nerved ns n warning and n threat.
The peril from over the Rhine, though some
militarists Htlll dissent, is of the tragic past.
The best love nnd admiration of America
go out o France today upon lier Inspiring
national anniversary, fitly celebrated with
out the delusive pageantry of preparations
for strife.
CONGRESS, A DEAD PRIVATE
AND THE LOST BATTALION
Some News From a New York Hospital
That Should Speed Disabled Soldier
Relief Work In Washington
fTlALK about the soldier bonus Is one thing.
JL Talk about the duty of the Government
to men who returned sick or crippled from
tho war is nnother. In his nddress to Con
gress President Hnrdlng did not altogether
dispose of tho case between Congress and
the Federal bureaus and youthful veterans
who suffer from Indecent neglect. Large
appropriations, which are not quite largo
enough, have been appropriated for the care
and rehabilitation of these men. But how is
the money being spent?
A day or two ago, while a flock of waiters
spread luncheon and distributed iced drinks
in the enticing outdoor restaurant at tho
Capitol, n Senate committee appointed to
consider the merger of Federal agencies es
tablished for the relief of disabled soldiers
haggled dismally.
The sages floundered in the jungle of red
tape that has grown about the administra
tive system of the Wnr Hlsk Insurance Bu
reau nnd other departments through which
help nnd enre arc supposed to be made avail
able to the slrk and Injured service men.
Secret ury Mellon wrote n letter to suggest
that volunteers and drafted men should be
treated alike. No one ever was or ever will
be disposed to disagree with him.
Colonel Foibes, Director of the War Risk
Bureau, made a speech.
Representative Sweet, of Iowa, who in
troduced the merger bill, sold a few words.
The Senators talked and fanned themselves
and adjourned to luncheon and tho iced
drinks.
Somo one said that some one else had said
that the merger bill would soon be rcudy to
be reported out. While the Washington
wire buzzed with that old familiar message
auother wire from New York came to life.
It told that the body of one of thu immortals
of the A. E. F. had just been discovered
lying unclaimed In the Now York City
Morgue and thnt members of the American
Legion were passing the hat to keep It from
Potter's Field.
This soldier, tho wire from New York
continued to say, had died slowly, painfully
nnd obscurely in u charity hospital from
disabilities suffered in the field. Ho was
John J. Munsou, first-class private, and the
man who carried the message which brought
relief to the famous Lost Battalion in the
Argonne Wood. In the small bundle that
held all of his belongings the hospital doc
tors found the Distinguished Service Cross,
the Croix do Guerre with n palm on the
ribbon and the Medaille Militalre, the deco
ration that Is reserved by the French Army
as a mark of supreme recognition for valor
and exalted service.
Only four men in the entire A. E. F. re
ceived the Medaille Militalre.
Few men in any army ever did or ever
will receive it.
When the dead soldier In the New York
City Morgue war identified there was a
hurried search of newspaper files for the
long cltntion published by Marshal Petain
when he decorated Private Munson. Petnln
said that this American soldier volunteered
to go through the German lines, that lie
faced almost certain death nnd thnt he de
liberately drew tho fire of German marksmen
to himself to divert attention from the ntticer
who accompanied him. Murium hnd been
repeatedly gassed. The almost inevitable
tuberculosis followed. It wns from Gover
nors Ihlnnd that the hero of the Lost Bat
talion found his wav to n chnrltv cot In
Bellevuo Hospital, where he died last
Friday.
Those who know most about the hardships
nnd neglect suffered by men returned
wounded or disabled from France and of
tho fnilure of the Government to live up to
the letter and spirit of its promises to them
have n habit of saying that the Republic is
ungrateful and that its memory has proved
to be tragically short.
Republics are ungrateful, but popular
Ingratitude Is not responsible for the suffer
ing of sick and maimed soldier- of the new
army. Tho multitude is nlways absent
minded. But it is a certainty that the
people of tho t'nited States would willingly
and gladly make any conceivable sacrifice
in money or service for the good of the
men who suffered Injury or permanent hurt
in the servico of the country.
The memory of the peoplo Is not so short
ns to explain the neglect of which Repre
sentative Sweet talks. Popular sympathy
is not so short-lived as to permit the coun
try to read current news from Washington
and New York without n pang of sorrow and
a sense of bitter impatience.
The trouble of which Legion olllcinls nre
forever talking is not with the people. It
lies with Congress, which foolishly and
cruelly extended its rule of financial econ
omy to the departments created for the
relief of disabled soldiers ; with tho various
relief bureaus that have fought the move
ment for n merger and greater efficiency and
with the eternal slowness of Federal ad
ministrative processes.
Yet, If the preparations for war had been
as slow as the work for soldier relief has
been, the Germans now would be in control
of Europe.
If Congress had been as close-listed with
war appropriations as It has been with the
money necessary to give disabled soldiers
the full measure of caro and attention that
they earned, we should not have won the
war. Wo should have lost it.
What is needed in Washington Is a Amdi
of the old consciousness, n few hours of our
pre-war efficiency, a return to the liberal
mood of 1018, when Congress wasn't afraid
to spend money to perform nn Imperative
duty. The lonely private of the Lost Bat
talion, dying ns ho did, performed a flnol
service for tho other lost battalions who
nwalt terribly needed help. Now we shall
sen whether his last message can mean as
much to the country ns his .first did to the
men who went to Whittlesey's rescue In
tho Argonne Forest.
POST ROADS
THERE is no doubt of the constitutional
power of Congress to construct and
maintain post roads and an Interstate high
way system such as Is provided for In the
Townscnd bill, which Senator Penrose says
ho will support.
Tho matter at the present tlmo Is purely
one of expediency. When the Constitution
was framed there were no railways. It wns
deemed important that national highways
should be built In order to facilitate the
transportation of the malls. This Is why the
Constitution empowered Congress In Sec
tion 8 "to establish pobtofflces and post
roads."
At the present time the malls are carried
by the rallronds savo In the sparsely settled
sections of the country, where the highways
nre used. No general scheme of hlghwny
development was ever adopted because the
States nnd their sub-divisions built roads for
fiVEHIffG PUBLIO LEDaERrPHILADELPHlA
their own convenience that have been used T
by tho mall-carriers.
Yet nt the present time, with railroads
covering all parts of tho country, the Im
portance of good roads is appreciated mora
full)' than over before. This State Is spend
ing $50,000,000 on its highways. Similar
sums hnvo, been appropriated by other States
for the same purpose. But there arc somo
States in which there is hardly n decent
road outside of the large towns. Trans
continental automobile tourists report that
the farmers of Missouri will not vote any
money for rond-bulldlug for the reason that
they find it profitable to use their horses to
pull automobiles out of tha mud In their
highways.
Tho merit of the Townsend bill lies in Its
indorsement of the better-roads project by
the National Government. It is not ex
pected, however, that Congress, In view of
tho present state of the national finances,
will commit tho Government to tho expendi
ture of vast sums on n natlonnl highway.
Government enterprises should be curtailed
rather than extended just now.
WHAT IS A SECTARIAN CHARITY?
THE State may not pay money to tho
three or four sectarian Institutions in
volved In the suit in which the Supremo
Court decided that the terms of the Constitu
tion forbidding uuch appropriations must be
enforced.
But there aro two or three tcorc other
institutions to which money wns appropri
ated by the last Legislature. It will be
necessary In ench enso to find out whether
the Institution Is under sectarian control
within the meaning of tho Constitution. Tho
Auditor General hns nsked the nttornoy for
the Anti-Scctnrlnn Appropriation Associa
tion to supply him with his objections to
each Institution In tho Charities Appropria
tion Law. When this Information is sup
plied It will be tho duty of the Auditor Gen-V
oral to give the Institutions nn onnortunltr
to bo heard, if thcro is any doubt of its
right to State money.
Tho mntter is so Important to the conduct
of the charitable work of the State that It
should bo decided as early as possible. Somo
institutions nre officially under church con
trol. They scorn to be excluded without
question. But thero are others whose nec
tarlan character Is nominal. These are en
titled to State aid. Yet tho money may be
denied to them on technical grounds.
The Auditor General may find It helpful
to study the rule of the administrators of
the Carnegie fund for paying retiring al
lowance to college professors. Mr. Carne
gie did not w'sh his money to be used to
benefit sectarian Institutions. Yet Yale
University, which is nominally under the
control of tbo Congregutlonallsts, receives
the Carnegie allowance. And so do Brown
University, nominally Baptist, nnd Hamil
ton College, nominally Presbyterian. But
Colgate University, which is no more inti
mately controlled by the Baptists than is
Brown, cannot get the Carnegie money be
cause it malutnliiB u Baptist theological
school as one of Its departments.
No one should qucbtion tho decision of
the Supreme Court since it Is In accord
with the American spirit. The regrettable
thing Is that the decision came tit u time
when tho Legislature was not in session and
when it wns thus unable to prevent the
demoralization of the charitable work con
ducted by private Institutions that have
been depending on State aid.
SOMETHING IN A NAME
THE fitness of things 1b admirably realized
by Mayor Moore in his dedication of the
latest municipal playground, bounded by
Tenth, Eleventh, Rodman and Lombard
streets, to the memory of Phlllls Whcatlcy.
The name Is assuredly worthy of preser
vation, for its bearer was In scvcrHl respects
un extraordinary character. She was a poet
and a slave, virtually the first member of
her race lo invade the realm of literary
culture.
Phillls Wheatley was born In Africa about
IT.'.'!, was brought to the Amcricnn colonies
in 1701 and purchased by John Whcatlcy,
of Boston. Her marked mental nntltntli-s
and responsive personality inspired her mas
ter with the then radical idea of developing
her talents with n sound education. She
repaid his endeavors by achieving distinction
ns a versifier, eliciting eventually a compli
mentary letter from Washington.
Far beyond the intrinsic merit of her
"IV-ms on Various Subjects Religious nnd
Moral," however, was the convincing proof
which she furnished of the intellectual ca
pacity of the colored race. Thnt her famo
as a writer has been far eclipsed by thnt of
Pnul Lnurence Dunbar fails to detract from
the wonder of her achievement. Nine years
of her life were spent amid circumstances
of barbarism, followed by a swift transition
to conditions of a well -developed civiliza
tion. That she wns otimuinted by the mid
den change is nppenling testimony of her
strength of chnructer.
It is a happy thought, in a city histori
cally ns-ioclnted with the principles of hu
munltarlanism and liberty, to keep alive the
name of Phillls Wheatley. Councilman Hall
entertains the notion that to call the open
plncc tho Charles Seper Playground would be
moro appropriate. The designation would
perpetuate in municipal nomenclature the
memory of the Into Vnre leader of the Sev
enth Wurd. But Is such reminder of gang
political activities renllv a ltnl need?
MORE MOB LAW
IT IS impossible not tu fu-1, after a read
ing of the dispatches which describe an
outbreak of rioting nnd race nntugonisin nt
Bonverdnlc, that the story Is not yet half
told. Americans, we are informed, drove
Itallnn residents out of the town nnd Into
tho hills In n movement of reprinnl because
of bomb outrages committed by Black
Handera. That statement hns not a con
vincing sound.
Were none of these Itallnns worthy to
be designated as Americans? And what
about the children nnd the women who
sought refuge from the mob in the hills?
The news from Benverdale Is much like
some of the recent news from Mingo, nnd It
is reminiscent of news thnt emanated from
the country about Pittsburgh during tho
recent steel strike. An outbreak of mob
violence is not n pleasant thing to see In tills
State. But It is undeniable that wo nro
coming in this country to nccept mob lnw
and all Its unspeakable abuses as a matter
of course.
Tho State Police at Bcnverdnlo should be
asked to explain why they did not prevent
the bomb outrages and the violence oiganized
by crowds in rctnllatlon. To stress the fact
that the mob wns made up of "Americans"
only makes the case appenr worse.
Youth is optimistic,
The Optimism of Ago but no more so than
rlpo old nge. The
optimism of youth is centered on personal
advancement; that of age on tho progress
of the race. Youth savs, "I shall got on."
Age says, "The world improves." Such old
optimists are John Wnnamaker, John D.
Itoekefoller, Chaunccy M. Depew and John
A. Stewart, hard-working and hard-headed
business men, Stewart at ninety-nine still
goes dally to his bank in New York. And
such nn optimist also is Abraham Oppon.
holmcr, of this city. He has only a hundred
years to his credit, and ho declares that hi
doeR "not Intend to use n cano until ho
gets old."
The Smiths led the fighting forces 'of
America In the World War, closoly followed
by the Millers, Sulllvans aud Joneses. When
s blow is to be struck, Bmlth Is the rasa
you nnturnlly look for to rtrike It.
A TWO-MAN JOB
That's What tho Modern Practice of
Medicine Is Coming to Bo Tho
Dangers That Monaco Us From
a Medical Standpoint
By GKOUGIS NOX McCAIN
'7TIHB medical prnctltloncrwho five years
X ago was thoroughly up to date Is a
back number today, unless In the interven
ing years ho has kept himself fully nbreast
of the progress of mcdtcnl science."
The person who uttered these unusual
words Is n tiromlnent nhvslclnn nnd a mem
ber of the fnculty of one of this city's lead- v
ing medical colleges.
'lllA.. I. a HAHtt.H.n.1 .
"In no science, unless it is possibly thnt
of aviation, tho science of the air, have, there
been such phenomenal strides in tho last'
half decade ns in medicine and surgery."
"You forgot tho strides that have 'been,
mnde in the scleneo, of war," I suggested.
"War Is tho scionco of destruction. McdV
Iclnaaud surgery nro tho sciences of tnlvn-
tion or nunian lives; tnov nre constructive.
I'm not counting wnr in the same cntcgory."
"And whnt is to be the ultimate result?"
I inquired.
"A completo revolution in modern life
with rcferenco to these professions. The
physician nnd surgeon will attain to a
higher position, the highest among the pro
fessions in our civilization, than ever bo
fore." DR. TnOMAS KLEIN, late of the Mcdt
cal Servico, A. E. F., in assistant pro
fessor of medicine in tbo post-graduate
school of medlclno at the University.
He hns no uncertain viewpoint on this
subject.
Unquestionably he is one of those who
believe in canonizing their profession.
"Tho practice bf medicine today, as the
direct outcome of the advancement -and dis
coveries of the recent wnr years, Is assuming
the position of a two-man profession," ho
snld, commenting on the above statement.
"The physician or practitioner, tho diag
nostician mid consultant, and the laboratory
man, the scientist.
"It isn't enough to examlno the pulse and
respiration and Institute polite Inquiries as
to the operation of tho bodily functions, as
wns once the unlvcrsnl practice.
"Patient investigation, correct analysis
and the registration of fnctB identified with
every ense nre now a part of the work of
every physician who deserves that name."
"And do you believe that the physician
who was up-to-date, informed down to the
hour fivo years ago, Is today a back num
ber?" I asked. -
Dr. Kloln smiled. Then almost verbatim
he quoted the words of my friend.
"I should say that he Is behind the times,
unquestionably, unless he has kopt himself
abreast of every late development and dis
covery in medical science."
DR. A. 0. ABBOTT perhaps I
wrlto Colonel A. 0. Abbott e
should
eminent
bacteriologist. Is nnd hns been a member of
the University faculty for many jonrs.
As a man of vision, wido experience nnd
practical ideas, Dr. Abbott cherishes no il
lusions as to tiic future of his profession in
Its concrete relation to humanity's needs.
"The menace to American life from my
standpoint," said Dr. Abbott, "is in tho
lack of hygienic conditions In rural dis
tricts. Every great city buffers the loss of
valuable lives from this cause.
"Philadelphia in recent years has, fortu
nately, suffered to no alarming extent'.
"She has been forewarned for years and
has benefited by experience. The annual
outbreak of typhoid fever following the re
turn of the people from country vacations
nnd excursions has been matorially les
sened. "Years ngo, when I wns connected with
the medlcnl department of the city, we in
stituted investigations that proved Indubi
tably thnt over n series of years the city
suffered from this typhoid Invasion directly
traceable to the lack of rural, or country,
hygiene.
""rpHE Intelligent administration of our
JL Stutc Medlcnl Department is lessening
this typhoid menace to the cities," Dr.
Abbott continued.
"But it still Impends. The inmcntable
feature of It is thnt It Is so unnecessary.
We nio fully aware of the cause of this
sacrifice of human life. Wo could, we
should nnd we enn hnlt it. But the people
arc careless, Indifferent hardened, I might
almost say to thething."
"And the remedy?" I asked.
"Education. Perpetual hammering.
Censeless endeavor to point out to the
millions that they arc the victims of their
own Indifference to the most oidinary rules
of life.
"Attention to rurul hygiene Is the Impera
tive demand of the moment."
(( A NO the other dangers of which you
l. spoke?" I suggested.
"The loss of humiui life for inck of proper
medical attendance In the remote country
districts, of tills country," wns the reply.
"There lg a dangerous hick of doctors in
the distnnt regions of every State," said Dr.
Abbott. And then this man of wide ex
perience ndded :
"I am seriously of the opinion thnt the
enactions of many of our medical colleges are
contributing to tills condition.
"Once a young man has finished his col
lege course, entered a medical school, spent
years in it, and afterward takes perhaps it
post-graduate course, ho does not feel that
lie can, after his sacrifice, maroon himself
in n country village where hnlf his time will
be spent in the open or In visiting remote
sections over almout lmpastable romla ut nil
hours of the twenty-four,
"Our cities attract thes-o brilliant young
chaps. But why should there not be condi
tions In our medlcnl colleges that would
permit the graduation of men who nro will
ing to undertake this other work? Possibly
not as phjsicians of tho front rank, but men
who arc competent to cope with the ordinary
ills and accidents of life.
"I think the subject Is worthy of grent
and careful consideration," concluded Dr.
Abbott.
POLICE magistrates arc not Solomons.
Yet there often arise situations thnt
might well cluiin the wisdom of the wisest
of men.
Whenever there Is n difficult question to
settle the other magistrates often Hide-step
It by referring the problem to Presiding
Magistrate Mecleary ut the Central Police
Station.
Ono day this week two clergymen called
nnd in broken English desired thnt a war
rant be sworn out for Jake Schmidt for
disorderly conduct. Thnt wasn't his nnme,
though.
"Where docs he live?" 'inquired the
magistrate.
"At the Home. Ho 13 one of our In
mates. We lire in charge of the Homo."
"How old is he?"
"About eight) j ears. He makes a nuis
ance of himself, We have ordcied him to
leave nnd he refus-'S to go. Thnt Is why
we want him arrest eel for disorderly conduct.
He will not leuve."
"But don't you see If I issued n warrant
and he wiis arrested on this charge, and
secuu-d ball, he would return at once to
the home? It is his residence mid he hns
nowhere else to go," commented the puzzled
Judge.
"Ho's not disorderly," went on the coin
plulunnts, "but he will not leave when lie Is
ordered out."
"But he paid a sum of money to secuie
admission to tho Institution," Insisted the
mugistratc. "He has no other home."
''Yes, we know that, but he win niit
leave. He refuses to obey orders."
"You had better consult your attorney,"
snld Magistrate Mecleary In despair, ' "I
don't care to handle tho ease."
The Solomon-llko verdict still hangs fire.
An Altoona boy who
Where All whllo trying to retrieve
Signs Failed a horfceshoe was run
down by a police car
escaped serious Injury because his shiit-
waist wns otuffed vlPh green npplos, which
squashed und acted as a cushion, You can't
tell that boy that horseshoes are lucky or
thnt green apples nre bad for the health.
THURSDAY, JULY 14,
NOW MY IDEA IS THIS
Daily Talks With Thinking Philadclphians on Subjects They
Know Best
SAMUEL H. MILLS
On Care of Treoo
EVERY city in the country, lnrgo or small,
should encourage the citizens to main
tain the trees within Its boundaries, ac
cording to Samuel II. Mills, the city land
scape gardener.
"Whllo tho trees of n city are of vnlue
principally for the beauty they add to a
town and the shade they give during the
hot wenther," says Mr. Mills, "they hnvo
some prncticnl vnlue as well. Plillndclphia
stands high among tho grent cities of the
country in the number of trees which It has
within Its limits. Of course, there arc ninny
of the smaller cities, where there Is more
room nnd where the streets nre not asphalted,
which have a lnrger number of trees In pro
portion to the population, but among the
large cities Plillndclphia, both In the num
ber and in the condition of Its trees, Is well
to the fore.
Tho Cnro of Trees
"Thore Is a general Impiession nmong
tlioso who are not fnmiliar with urborrnl life
that a tree pretty much will take cure of
itself nnd thnt all the householder has to do
In to plant the tree nnd then ills work Is
done. This, however, is n mistake. Trees
will thrive In the woods and the open spates
without much caro, but even there they
would lie vastly improved if they were looked
after u little.
"But in the city It is different. A tree,
to prosper, must have care nnd considerable
nttciilion. In tile first plnce, tins soil must
bo treated occasionally so as to be sure the
pmper food elements nre In It, to make the
treo grow naturally, and 11 sharp lookout
must be kept for the natural enemies of the
tree In the shapo of insects.
"The city will do most of this work if the
property owners will notify the officials
that the trees In front of their home need
attention. Spraying and trimming must
also be done. Asphalt pavements nnd con
crete work are also among the worst ene
mies of trees.
Roots Must IIne Air
"The reason for this is that the roots of
a tree must have nlr as well as water if the
life of the tree is to be muiutnincd. A con
crete pavement inny be run so close to the
roots of n tree as to leave room for water
ing, but If the air be shut off fiom thorn
the tree will not prosper.
"Among the natural enemies of trees the
caterpillar Is one of tho very worst. The
Slate Forestry Bureau has reported u new
enemy known ns the Jiipnuce beetle, which
recently hns appeared among the trees north
of Finnkford Creek. It has been found ns
jet only In very small numbers aud there
is toine dispute mining m-boieal experts as
to just how dangerous to tree life the Jup
nnese beetle is. Thus far, this pest has
done more damage to shrubbery than to trees
proper. Nevertheless, there has been n rigid
quarantine imposed on nil trees and shrub
bery north of Fraukford Creek, and no one
in that region Is allowed to move either trees
or shrubs.
How tho Pests Work
"The mauiiet- in which the caterpillar
works 1 typical of the way nenrl) all the
in-oct enemies of troui destroy them, that
W, by inting the lcncs. Tills lets the life
giving sap out of the tree and ultimately
causes Its dentil.
"Then again their in the bark boetlo.
This pest goes under the bailt of the tree, as
its name indicates, and loosens It, sometimes
until It falls off In huge pieces. The, result
of this is the s.une ns when tho leaves 111 e
eaten; the sap Is let out of the tree instead
of going into 11 ns nouilsliment and the tree
lilernll) t-turvm to death. These pests are
always found on soft wood trees. This i.s
because the bail: of 11 hardwood tree never
grows; It simpb expands, forming the ilia-
mciMl-siinpeii in-sigiiK which nre familiar on
nearly every --iieclis of hardwood irooH, Thn
Oriental plane is 11 tree which loecs its burls
These tre-ox nre dnlug .-o vi-ry early this jenr'
on iii'ciiuut of the- long dry spell whk-ii we
huve had this spring.
"Thousands 0. tie-so tices are now losln
their bark ami their leaves aro turning
brown. TIiIh should normally occur In Hen.
tember of each eui, but on account (,f the
long drought, the cap has been forced ImcU
Into the roots o the- tree Instead of nourish.
Ing It as It should.
An Ku-tptloiKiI Year
"From the tree lovers' standpoint, this has
ucau " uv c-tujiuuiitci year, xne sap ran
reenter muu nun oyer Known before anil fix. '
foliage was fully developed at an earlier date
1921
MOSTLY NOISE, SO FAR .
trk-Mi '.I . m '&W2 J ?
than has been known for fifteen years. This
was due to the exceedingly mild Februnry
which we had, causing the sap to start
earlier.
"As a natural result, the foliage also will
drop earlier this year. The Oriental plane
anil the Norway maple arc shedding now;
and if this icccnt rain had not come along
It Is safe to say thnt nearly every variety of
treo in the city and parks, would have been
bare by the end of September.
"There arc fewer caterpillars this year
than wo hnvo known for seven years. Tills,
1 believe, is due largely to the fact that moro
cnro has been given to tho trees than for
merly. The men employed by the city are
now cleaning off the cocoons every year. If
this plnn is kept up rigidly. It is not im
possible that in n few years we may have
no caterpillars to denude the trees of Phila
delphia. There are never any caterpillars
on hardwood trees.
A New Pest
"But while we have been blessed this year
by a scarcity of caterpillars, 11 new pest has
made Its appearance on the trees in the out
skirts of tho city. This is what Is known as
a 'borer.' It is a bug which bores a hole
about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter,
from the outside, right into tho heart of a
tree, resulting in the death of the trcu If
prompt measures arc not taken. Six or
eight of these pests will bore a dozen holes
into tho very vitals of n tree In n single night,
and when this Is done it takes a hard light to
save the tree. Although smnll In Flze nnd
thus far not very great in numbers, it Is one
of the most dangerous enemies to trees thnt
hns visited Philadelphia in years.
"To light this tree pest, we hnvo u strong
fluid which Is squirted into the holes made by
the 'borers.' This fluid kills the insect It
self nnd also destroys nil the eggs which
the post lnjs in the holes which It makes.
It Is very efficacious, but It must be ad
ministered promptly.
"But the worst of them all Is the armv
worm. 0 huve not Intel any of them this
year and yo will not hae them now, ns it is
tew Into. It Is hard to light them on account
of their great numbers. But bad as they
arc for tiee. they arc even worse for grass
and crops. In n jear when they make their
appcnriince. they always come In great num.
hers and they will go through a ten-acre
field in a single night.
Air Space Vital
"The greatest trouble with the cnro of trees
in the city Is the almost universal lack of nlr
spne-e for the roots. There should be 0
minimum of nine sqiinie feet, and this amount
of room is now provided fr by n city ordi
nance. Itlimt this air space a tree will
become bar -bound and thin condition i.s
certain death to the tree. Too hard soil and
the- lack ot nit- space are lesponsiblo for the
elenth of more trees in the cities than any
other dozen re-asoim. '
n.'.lTi'P H,,i ,inH a,nc ltR I,art ln tn to
care for and save the tices within its himn
elar.es, and in 1)1 u tree.s on the tub c
highwiijH in the entire city were, turne, over
to the care of the Park Co.n.nlssion.
property owners would take the right Inter-
fiont of their property and notify the com
. Ission when the tree, begin to show signs
vpT '",S. Fln. Uru,1K' tlu'rc ul.l "e
ver lew deaths 01 trees in the cltj.
The Carolina Poplars .
"The contrnetow hnvo also in the mist
Kit hi 11 lot of trouble w ith trees. AVI en hey
Ixv.u 11 I.11 1.11m; operation, they used to
make It a habit to plant a ,w "f fas 1?
gi.winK Carolina poplars i front of tho
rows f new houses Then. wlr the , . .
iition was finished, there was a row of Xde
tiees mo.leratelj well grown.
liin tiic rarolii
quoin-.' to the minim-
"The cite bus t cully more nutlioritv over
rt !''::;? ,f, ::1" .i",?..1, r? 'i. iohi.im
uiiiicuity in ODtalnliiir iim.i,,ie.. ,. .
The Idea Hi maintaining this superUs,". is
only to lirevent tin, i,l,(i i '....., ','". '.
trona IV.,. Ik... ... " ' "eMrilDI6
large'clK" "W meht M,t'clall'
t. fv .v.;." '::"":" ui icsiraDis
a poplar in , .
minting tree. Of course, It lias to hiiit i ,
water with its root, which a?o as II 2 an
Mud of drain pipe-, for the wner it finds .
iii'in. That the ,oo , Mop up ihe pile con ,.
Pletely is 11 mutter ain.ur -nt v f ,'.'.?"
w. ., 1.1JlftM.
.are nnd supervision of the Park ' nmH.
don, all r.-sl,lents of the city n.e for II en
ordinance to cither cut denwi or to
"Vat! 'in I " "Um" f,'m" thv '''"is
Naturally we eu.-oiiragu the plnntl,,. f
roes, and any pmnu who wishes o ftnvi
trees on or near is iir,,n m ,. ' ",no
'- w" I'liUIH- I if Uinili lii-iltirr im, .. .!.
'.'i'. v, Niu jnive mi
V.ryi ff.v
JPz
What Do You Know?
QUIZ
1. Who was Harry Hawker and for whit
achlvemcnt was he famed?
2. What name do tho Spaniards give t
their own language?
3. "What treaty ended the nusso-Japanm
War nnd when was It negotiated?
I. What Is the chief work of Hoce-ncclo and
In what century was It written?
5. For what number does "U" In Itonun
notation stand?
G. What State doss Senator John Share
Williams represent?
7. Namo ft famous opera by Von Klotow.
5. What Is millet?
'9. Who Is Assistant Secretary of tho Navjt
10. What countries are the thief sources of
natural rubber?
Answers to Yesterday's Quiz
1. The Gr.-eto. eiojel el the M re , f Keom.
etry nnd of numbers as applied to un
. measurement ot oontinuous iiuantlltcs.
2. Of Fcrnao hopes, the pioneer of Portu
guese hlntorlmiK and keeper of the
roa archives, Hobcrt Southey, the
English poet, declared that he wai
noyond all comparison the best
chronicler of nny ngo or nation."
Lopes has been called the Portuguese
ms art" Ho wna ,,orn '" Ll8bon ta
3. The word loot originated In India. It il
derived from tho Hindu "lut."
' A i!J,,u-i '"it Is nu oiieia or crush hat
named after Its inventor.
6. A gibbous moon is humped or hump-
,?..? lmvlnK tho bright part greater
than the saml-clrcle and leas than tht
circle.
Thf. S"ird should bo pronounced with the
K ' liiinl, ns In set.
7. Sappho was n celebrated Greek lyrfo
goet, who flourished about 600 B. C
bhe nppcaru to have been a native of
, Mjtllenp in tho Island of Lesbo
whero she) probably spent hor life. -A
"Fl- !" a. S"th African quadruped,'
?Li ei V? tho aES nneT zebra, butieji
"" iimie ino inner.
9. Obloquy Is nbuso, detraction.
10. Australia, including Tasmania, la thiol
P,!' J",cyof Uroat Britain officially
styled a Commonwealth.
SHORT CUTS
The Weather Man has no tense of pro
portion. The now Immigration Law appears to
aitord strong argument for u new ImmljTV
tlon Law.
The patriot who risked his life for bli
C0"P,,ry Is not going to grumble om a call
withheld.
Tho work of the hulls would bo simpli
fied if fences could be removed from Ul
field of crime.
And unless tho peoplo actively back tha
statesmen the dlsarinnment conference will
amount to nothing.
Democrats have little chance to gloat
while tho National Administration steers .
straight und niunly course.
So long ns It Is precedents rather ti
promises the President breaks, the couotrf
lias no complaint to make.
Thero Is Involuntary confession In th'
ileclarallon thnt tho new city automobile1'
to be of the usuni family size.
The larger policy which militfttc
ngalnst the proposed elutv on oil Is ncrnw'
not without pertinent bearing on other oM
cles scheduled.
YANKEE DOODLE POLO'
In order to keep himself physically ')
while dolus; the work of Chief of Staff
the Army, General Pershing plays PBW
every morning with tho nrmy team.
WHEN Yankee Doodle er.me to ton
Riding on a pony,
A polo player of renown
Then played tho macaroni.
What Yankee Doodle did will serve
For Yankees ns example. ,
Thus Pershing, man of strength and ntW
lias precedent most nmple.
By keeping fit instead of fnt
Whene'er the chance comes handy,
lie sticks a feather in his lint
Liko Yankee Doodle Dandj. .
Tho world remains askew, we'll find, ;
tiiiiie- uncie napi mush r-ii, .' .1
But wo may all have, peace of mind . I
While1 Pershing's playing ijolo, , I
i
y.
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