il
m
'"(
i .i
rl s.
r
if
m
f'i
i
I
m
'
Mx
?
BN
?-
u,
iK
'I -'
iV.
i -JC'i
W' ' '
mgJtiubucwcDQeE
.PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
'"lf' cynuB u. k. cuivrts. pidit
smJin c: ifr.,ln- y,e PlJmt nirf Trurr:
r2?rKf., Tyler. SeertarysChrl It. I.udlnr.
S K1- Philip 8. Collin. John b. William. John J.
'',louron, George F. OoMimlth, Dvld.E. Smller,
i
BMILBT.
.Kdltnf
lOHN C. AnTlNi...Oenrl Bulnn ?J.nitef
,' fubllihed dally at Pceuc Lbdocb BuUdlng
inqcprnacnc cquare, I'Jlllaa'Ipnu.
.ttlfttio Cur rrtsa-Vnhn llulldlni
TO.:,. ............104 Madlnon Ave.
0IT 701 Ford BullUlnr
LOCI ...013 Olobe.Dfmoemt nutldlnr
1000 1802 Tribune Bulldlnr
Knvn ntrnisAtrn.
y.-1r
s- TVilniNCUON Udsiau,
... .. N. E. Cor. Pennsylvania Ave. nnd 14th St.
WSW TOK Bt'lEAO Tho Bun Bulldlnr
ONDO! BtttliO .T Ifalgar liMln
SUBSCRIPTION TERMS
The Evening Public Lew) en Is eerved to sub
scriber In Philadelphia and aurroundlng town
at the rate ot twelve (12; cents per week, piabl
to the carrier.
By mall to point outlf, of Philadelphia, In
.. uia unuea Biaic. L;anaaa. or uniteti Ntat nn
ly, ,(jelon, postage free, fifty (BO) cents per month.
-, v. Six (6) dollar per year, payable In advance.
' t au ., iu(i.,ii (.-uuiiiiicb no ir aouar a monin,
".si. Norio Subscriber wishing addrei changed
' Must give old as vrell as new addreas.
BELL. 1000 WALNUT
KEYSTONE, MA TO 1(01
&" JLddrtSM all ccf nntuntemtont to Evening rublla
m iMdoertndependenoe Square, Philadelphia.
Member of the Associated Press
THE AB80CIATED ME83 is exeluslvetu en.
titled to (he use tor republication of alJ news
dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited
In this paptr. and also tha local news published
therein.
All riohts republication of special dispatches
rrlt ars also reserved.
PhlhJrlphii, Windijr. My IS. 1911
MRS. BERGDOLL SENTENCED
fTUIE case of Mrs. Emma Bcrgdoll was
X complicated by fundamental human re
lationships. It is never pleasant to sea n
mother punished for aiding her offspring,
however mlstakouly
Thcre is not the slightest doubt that Mrs.
Bergdoll'a conduct was in violation of the
lawn of the United States in the hour of
national crisis. Yet if it is wrong, as it
assuredly is. to gild nit nstinmt" of her
offense with' sentiment, it is not easy to
disregard the intensity of her natural emo
tions. Her sentence of $7000 fine or a year and
a day in jail cannot be called severe. On
tho other band, its pronouncement estab
lishes the necessary respect for tho basic
principles of the national authority.
Tho majority of Americans will be glad
that publicity will soon depart from her
contribution to the most notorious slacker
episodes of the war. The sooner it drops
from public view tho healthier will be the
consequences.
PRESTIGE
rpHE favorable report ordered by the Sen
X ate Finance Committee on the nomina
tion of David H. Blair, of North Carolina,
aa Commissioner of Internal Revenue, sug
gests a new construction of the word leader
ship. Tho enthusiasm of Chairman Penrose for
this candidate named by President Harding
has not been marked. In fact, the senior
Senator from Pennsylvania is said to hove
had another man for tho post distinctly in
view.
As It would not be in accord with a
familiar political bromide to imply that Mr.
Penrose's own committee is actually ques
tioning his authority, earnest seekers after
truth are forced to hit upon some other
explanation.
Perhaps the Finance Coramitten has its
own notions of what constitutes political
prestige, and is of the opinion that an ele
ment of contrast is necessary in order to
emphasize the full significance of power.
Yes, that must be it. Otherwieo one might
be obliged to conclude that Mr. Penrose's
forecast of the Senate's control of the Ex
ecutive and his Cabinet was hastily con
ceived. . KORFANTY'S CONVERSION
' A DELBERT KORFANTY, leader of the
XX Polish Insurrectionists in Upper Silesia,
cannot plead ignorance of the nature of his
offense. His telegram to the Interallied
Commission is plain acknowledgment of his
recognition of the authority of this body in
the disputed territory.
' The request that ground abandoned by the
insurgents be occupied by allied, not by
German, troops Is equally significant. The
Versailles Treaty is specific in its demand
that the plebiscite region shall be policed
by the Allies until the report on the ballot
ing is officially delivered.
It looks ns though Korfanty had been
reading that important document whose pro
visions ho so flagrantly violated.
HOPEFUL SIGN
HIGH-PRICED apartments are so plen
tiful in Chicago that a real estate
agent is offering two of them free of rent
until June 1 in order to induce new tenants
to sign a lease.
This may be the beginning of better times
for tenants. In the old days, when apart
ments were more numerous than the appli
cants, it used to be tho custom to give a man
a month's rent free If he would take an
apartment. But tenants have been offering
bonuses for the last year In order to get
any sbrt of accommodations.
Although the housing shortage continues,
people have had time to ndjust themselves
to the new conditions and they are refusing
to pay the high rentals asked a year ago
Fathers and mothers have been living with
their married children or the married chil
dren have been living with their parents,
and this will continue until prices come
down to such figure that a man can afford
to have a houso or an apartment to himself.
AMBASSADOR CHILD
RICHARD WASHBURN CHILD, who is
to be appointed Ambassador to Italy,
will compare favorably with his predeces
sors in that post.
George P. Marsh, of Vermont, was the
first United States Minister ient to United
Italy in 1801. He remained until his
death in 1881'. He was a lawyer who had
had diplomatic experience In Constantinople
and Greece and had been a member of Con
gress. He was succeeded by William Wal
dorf Astor, who when he was appointed was
noted chiefly for his wealth and for his
inability to defeat Roswell P. Flower for
Congress in a New York district.
To come down to more recent times, Pres
ident Taft promoted Thomas P. O'Brien, a
Michigan railroad attorney, from the post
ut Toklo to Rome, and President Wilson
named Thomas Nelson Page, a novelist, to
succeed him, and Mr- Page was succeeded in
turn by Robert Underwood Johnson, a minor
, poet and one-time editor of the Century
Magazine.
Mr! Child is a novelist and has been editor
ot Collier's Weekly. He served the Repub
lican National Committee during tho last
campaign. Mr. Johnson was sixty-six years
old when he was appointed Hnd his career
Tm about ended. Mr. Child is only forty,
and it may be assuiricd will regard his diplo
matic post as an opportunity for making a
wider reputation.
W; A CHANCE FOR EVERY ONE
rnHE population of the United States last
. year, according to tho corrected figures
rt ' just'tiven out ny tne tiureau ot inn census,
f ' wWas lUO.UlMKU. in .imu it was ui,ui,i:oi,
i TkCPfrcentagp of increase is .the lowest on
'.'iwHird, ttituousu the total addition to the
9&FwvivmMrvT:
population Is more than tho total populatlou
of tbo country in 1830.
Tho population increased from 10 to 10
per cent at each census from the beginning
until 1800, when It fell to about 2." per cent.
In 1000 It was about 20 per cent and about
the same in 1010, and last year it was only
1-1 per cent. Yet between 1830 and 1810
the increased amounted to -10 per cent.
The falling ofT in growth during tho last
ten years is, due to the war, as every one
knows. Immigration virtually ceased and
there wo.ro millions of young men In the
armies who, if they had not been occupied
with tho war, would have married and had
children.
Tho present population is more than
double that of 1880, nnd if nothing unfore
seen happens to prevent It the population
in 1000 will bo doublo that of today.
This moral certainty is enough to justify
the most confident hopes pf the young men
of the present' generation that the oppor
tunities which their fathers enjoyed will be
offered to them in some form and even to
their children. All that is needed to win is
eyes to seo where tho opportunity is.
CITIES ARE NATIONALIZING
THE DAYLIGHT SAVING LAWS
Passage of the "Summer Time" Ordi
nance by Council Tomorrow Will
Help a Countrywide Movement
THROUGH the cumulative effect of moral
pressure of the sort reflected in tho pas
sago of n daylight-saving ordinance by the
City Council tomorrow tho new summer
time schedule will sooner or later become u
national institution.
The Federal Daylight -Saving Law, like the
daylight bills Introduced in the Legislature
at Harrisburg, suffered defeat because of the
prejudice rather than because of the logic
of the farmers. But a desire for the longer
summer day is fixed and growing in nil the
cities of the country. The urban population,
nnd particularly the indoor worker", will
not be denied the benejits of this particular
reform, no matter what the docile, vote
counting politicians niny do
With daylight-saving schedules evtab
lished in this city. In New York, in Boston
and many other cities, tho farming regions
will ultimately hnvo to conform. It will be
to their best interests to do this. Tho
change for them will involve no permanent
hardships or disadvantages.
The readjustment of fanning schedules
would bo possible with a little consistent
effort nnd n little patience. Tho farmers
do not like change. But tho cities are their
customers, nnd in the course of time the
producer must learn to consider tho needs
of the consumer
It will be difficult for the railroads to
operate efficiently or economically on two
way timetables. In the end they will accept
tho time schedules of the great central com
munities from which they draw most of their
revenues.
Until now the daylight-saving principle
wns in the balance. But the determination
of virtually nil cities to adhere to it and
the force, of gathering sentiment in nil the
centers of population hnve saved it and
made its universal application virtually
fertain.
All the North Jersey region has had .its
own daylight laws. .Camden Is nhout to
establish the longer summer day. With a
local daylight law operating in this city,
the seashore resorts will nnturally adopt tho
new schedule.
The farmers will continue to insist that
the longer day disorganizes their work and
adds to the costs and difficulties of farm
and dairy operation. There is pome truth
in this general contention. But tho incon
venience involved for the farmer in the daylight-saving
system does not compare in
character or extent with tho benefits which
daylight saving brings to the people who live
and work in cities.
It is in the mills nnd factories that the
hardest work is done. All progressive
thinking, like a great deal of modern legis
lation, is directed to find menus for the
mjtigation of the nervous nnd physical
strains of industrial labor.
Nothing that economists nnd sociologists
ever devised in the way of industrial re
forms contributed so much to the general
well-being of indoor workers of all sorts as
the additional hour of summer daylight pro
vided by the introduction of n speciui summer
time schedule.
For men and women nnd children who
work within walls, at desks, looms, lathe
and in tho dust and noise of great mills, the
daylight law opens n wav to fresh air, to the
cheerful sights of the country areas and to
wholesome recreation gcnernlly.
To all sorts of city people the daylight
law brings actually nn additional hour ot
relaxation from tho tension of the day's
work. '
What is presented in the controversy be
tween city and agricultural areas is a con
trast between tho merely practical objee
tions of farmers nnd the moral nnd physienl
requirements of all business nnd industrial
areas.
It ought to be easy to see where tho rights
and wrongs of the matter lie.
The City Council ought to pass the day
light-saving ordinance with n unanimous
vote.
MUTUAL AID IN THE AMERICAS
ESTEBAN GIL BORGES, the Venezue
lan Minister of Foreign Affairs, now a
visitor in this city, has been pacing the
usual tactful compliments to the principles
underlying the relations of the United States
to Its Latin neighbors. The ideal of Pan
Americanism, of Now World solidnritv, is a
gracious nnd inspiring conception, cham
pioned at times no less fervently in Caracas,
Buenos Aires, Lima or Rio than in Wash
ington. It is noticeable, however, and especially
of late, that Latin -.Jnerican statoimen are
prone to depart swiftly from the florid nnd
grandiloquent into the domain of tlTe prac
tical. Speaking in Trent'on the other night,
and in Philadelphia yestcrdaV, Dr. Gil
Horges dwelt less upon the Monroe Doc
trine nnd its grandeur than upon the neces
sity of a closer union botween the United
States and South America in the commer
cial and industrial fields.
Dr. Julio Bianchi, tho Guatemalan Min
ister to this country, sounded a similar key
In New York before tho convention of tho
Nntlonal Association of Manufacturers
"The average Latin American." ho de
clared, "is not so much concerned whether
the imported goods that ho buys come from
New York, Hamburg or Yokohama so long
as ho procures the best value for his money,
and he is not much concerned as to who
buys tho goods that he exports as long ns
be receives a reasonable price for his goods."
Obviously tho Monroo Doctrine, for all its
high-minded origin and development, is not
the main factor in turn situation. Not talk,
but deeds ia the requisite for n firm and
progressive expansion of American economic
intercourse. "To increase its buying ca
pacity." -maintains Dr. Bianchi, "Latin
America needs help In developing its won
derful natural resources. With increased
products to sell. Latin America will, of
course, increase its buying "
In other words, intelligent appreciation
of trade possibilities is needed to create tha
eort of unity among tho American republics
which could In a way resemble that existing
among tho various States of tho Union.
Those North Americans who complain
bitterly of the pressure of British or German
competition In tho Central and Southern
portions of this hemisphere approach the
subject by the wrong door. Traders and
caplUlijtaJrpm. tho United Btates axe able
lWSTvSSSmSMmSSmEmS!!fS!mSSm
enough, theoretically, to stand upon their
own merits.
What they can accomplish in South
America may, for want of a better term, be
colled exploitation.' Tho invidious menning
attaching to this word is in part responsible
for the distrust with which certain American
development enterprises piloted from tho
North have been regarded. But a majority
of South Americans will welcome assistance
intelligently offered nnd In the right spirit.
Thg natural resources still untouched aro
incalculable. Civilization, which is nothing
more than the proper application of nature's
gifts to the need of man, Inevitably produces'
now wants.
"Latin America," says Dr. Bianchi, "has
the land. The business men of the United
States have tho money. Europe has tho
people." Given, therefore, the liberal in
vestment of enpitnl and Immigration, the
extent to which new markets in South
America may be expanded is almost un
limited. This is not the view of a shallow boomer,
but of nn envoy with n clear realization of
facts. When North Americans come to"
recQgnizo their full significance progress in
tho New World will take on n uniformity
which will mnke hard the way of Uio chronic
revolutionist nnd will give to nll-Amerlcan
friendship that solid indispensable of .en
lightened self-interest.
A unified civilization In Its comforts nnd
habits of life in this hemisphore would com
pel the growth of mutual understanding nnd
n comprehension of the Monroe Doctrine
worth a volume of glowing phrases.
THE ANTUDRYS
THE men who, under the leadership of T.
DcWitt Cuyler, hnve banded together
ns the Philadelphia contingent of the Na
tional Association Against the Prohibition
Amendment, deserve nnd will receive n fair
hearing. They hnve rights quite equal to
thoe of the organizations that worked to
make the United States bone drv And they
hnve courage even if they cannot boast of
numbers.
The activity of the- propaganda for which
they are organized will lend inevltnbly to
something like n test of popular opinion nt
tho source, nnd they aud their associated
groups ought to iprovido some Iioly times
in this country before very long.
The question of prohibition has become
deeply complicated with -questions of politics
nnd group prejudice. If n wny can be found
to give the man in the street nn opportunity
to express his will and his opinion it ought
to be welcomed. Ours is still let us hope
n government, by, of and for the people.
What would be tho nnswoi in n referen
dum such ns the antl-drys hope to bring
about? Wus Congress more far-sighted,
more sensitive to the nctunl desires nnd
opinions of the country than the folk who
rnii nt it for its acceptance of the Volstead
law and tho passu go of the Eighteenth
Amendment? So it sometimes seems. For
most of those who loudly denounce tho Vol
stead act are quick to say that they would
not have the saloons back if they had to
make n choice between saloons nnd pro
hibition. Mnny who express a willingness
to throw the Prohibition Law and the pro
hibition machinery overboard manifest a
queer sort of hesitancy when they are nsked
to lend a hand nt that particular work.
If anti-prohibition sentiment is ns wide
spread in this area ns some people believo
It to be there ought to be n vn.t army, en
listed with Mr, Cuylpr. There are only
about r000.
Common opinion in relation to Volstead
ism is progressive arid it is chnnging. No
one can safely venture to define and interpret
it finally now.
In the new anti-prohibition group are
some men who helped to promulgate rules
to mnko tempernnce obligatory among the
employes of their corporations. Have they
changed their minds? Do they believe that
strong drink is n good thing for men in
hazardous employments? Would they estab
lish prohibition for one element in the corn
niunity and the open bar for another?
In Washington nnd
Tlicy Will Learn before various State
Legislatures lawyers
for the big railroad lines nnd the trolley
systems continue to explain the rising costs
of their service nnd their diminishing reve
nues. Thev do not seem to have observed
that the costs of gnsoline. motorcars, motor
bicycles, bicycles and rubber tires have been
tending for some time steadily downward.
That the geutlcmcn
Raising a Racket prominent in the
Philadelphia irnuoh
of the Association Against tho Prohibition
Amendment are acting strictly within their
rights cannot be gainsaid ; but it is yet too
early to determine whether the organization
will make a feeble squeak or a big noise.
In Russia, observes
Crusts, Silly! Mrs. Clare Sheridan
with enthusinsni, the
artistic spirit U very much alive. How In
tel esting It would be to know what it is
living on !
Enforced thrift will cnuse Ccrinnn.t to
grow prosperous ns she pays her debts. 'Hut
because the prosperity will go pnni'ipnlly to
those who plan rnthor than to thoe who
labor, disatisfnction will grow as the debt
disappears Then, to prevent rolution.
the new junkers will look around for an
other war.
Tt has not been serloush nlliged b
nnybody, so far as we know, that the recent
Supreme Court decision that appreciated
values must be considered us corporation
profits will servo to make the exce.s. profits
tax nny more popular nor that it will link
ngitutlon in favor of n sales tax.
"If Korfanty should take pos, .snn of
nny disputed territory." says a Berlin n"s
paper, "it would relieve us of nil our duties
and obligations." Whir h goes far to explain
Lloyd George's position The ij( rinans np)
not overlooking nny bets that will enable
them to ntold payment
The fact that we have meived no
selfish benefit from the Vcrsuilles treaty
does not relievo us from our obligations
Or, to put it in another wav. we've got to
see that we nre not severely kicked while
the world is being remade
The threat of reprisals b New Jer
sey because of the arrest on the Pennsyl
vania side of the Delaware of New Jersey
motorists suggests the ndvlsnhilltr nf free
gasoline bus trade between the two com
monwealths. Former President Taft snys judges
should wear gowns for the beneficial 'moral
effect upon observers. The iden is respect
fully referred to nncienr ladles in short
skirts. '
One's npnrovnl or disapproval of a
strongly stated fart determines whether or
not tho man who makes the statement i
moved by righteous emotion or simply hys
teria. Tho appointment of General Pershing
as chief of staff of the array is notification
to nil and sundry that while we await in
ternational disarmament we nre going to
keep ourselves In fighting i m.
Before we Indulge in too 'much criti
cism of Mr. Edison's questionnaire wo'
pause to consider the fct thnt It is Mr.
Edison and not we who wishes to employ
thn young gentlemen who puss.
It Is not Inconceivable that the time
will arrive (if It has not already arrived)
when the whisky seller will be tho first to
oppose the repeal of the Volstead law.
Profits are, so piucii hjcjierpltv bcotltidn,
r
AS ONE WOMAN SEES IT
i Women Are Maltfng Politics an All
' the-Year-Round Business, and the
Result Will Be Shown on
(Election Day
By SARAH I). LOWRIE
I HAVE been very much struck this spring
by the.rhnngc in viewpoint thnt women
of nffalrs have about "shutting up shop"
for tho summer months. Both in philan
thropic nnd in pollticnl board meetings I
have heard the riot net read to ihose who
supposed, because they were going nwny to
'the seashore or to the mountnins, that
the town nnd air that is therein was ns a
consequence going to stop functioning.
The League of Women Voters here in
Philadelphia Is establishing a precedent
thus early in its career of having Its office
continuously open and Its committees active,
even though If will Involve grent personal
sacrifice on the part of voluutccr members
to.glvo their dnys to office work through' the
bent of July and August. In the new head
quarters of the independent Republican
women there nppcnrs to be n like firm de
termination to make politics an nll-the-year-round
business, and since August nnd Sep
tember arc the important ones this year In
view of the primaries, to be ns active
during those months ns reformers aro In tho
wintrr.
I AM not surprised that the lenders of the
' League of Women Voters should have
sized up Ihe bigness of their job and taken
their conts off to it, for they aro seasoned
women nl political work, but I nm amazed
that In one short year the women who were
regarded simply ns good propagandists for
the presidential election under (Tie? genial
encouragement of their party leaders should
have learned by the experience of the last
six months the length nnd breadth nnd depth
nnd thickness of the wall of work they nre
up against before they can turn their right
to vote to good account.
They had everything to learn, those
women who worked last nutiiinn for the
Stnte lenders of the G. O. P. everything
about politics, that Is. except how to get
along with men ngieenbly nnd without fric
tion, anil that good things to eat nnd a
band, with shoit. snappy speeches, would
get any crowd in n good humor. Thev
knew nothing ot the promises thnt were
never meant to be fulfilled, of the long,
fruitless waits and endless delays and dnshed
hopes nnd sudden Inexplicable turns of for
tune that the word "lobby envisions.
They could not bo supposed to understand
why the women who had taken insult nnd
rebuff and treachery for their dally bread
wlille they fought year after year for the
franchise saw none of the picturesque side
of politicians, but only the sordid. It would
not hove been surprising since they were
wafted to tlw vote and to mnny of the per
quisites of power with effortless ease if
they hnd continued to Ihlnk Hint all women
who were charming nnd ngrecnble had only
to smile plensnntly and plnces on plntforms
nnd in committees nnd behind protective
railings would be assigned to them by flat
tering chairmen and eagcr-to-plense party
bosses.
THE curious part of it to me-now thnt I
watch this new development of their
declaration of independence of sectional
bosses nnd of machine leaders is thnt they
escaped s0 soon out of tho net thnt was
spread for them, and have arrived on the
high nnd difficult ground of loynlty to party
principles rather than to pnrty machines.
I find myself wondering what experience or
what train of experiences have made them
wise.
Could they possibly hare been helped to
their very momentous decision by the coun
cils of men who arc old in the wnys of poli
ties from long experience and whose very
entanglements in a scctionnl ploy and counter-play
of contending forces hnve mndc
them eager for the new force coming Into the
game to avoid a like embroilment and stale
mate. I have wondered nhout that!
They nro women with whom men ran tnlk
freely and simply. They have no rancor,
no combined sense of past disagreements on
political qucstious; they would naturally
take council with open-minded men and nt
least weigh carefully their advice. And
truly to open-minded men who have the de
sire but not the political leverage to affect
the present political situation the latent
power in the new voters must be nn added
impetus to turn their own citizenship to
good account.
THE qunlity of persistency in woman that
bus been Ihe standing joke of the nges
takes on a new nspect when one icgnrds her
as a political entity. The machine politi
cians hne long regarded the reformer ns a
sort of moral hop-toad "that stands before
and sets behind and goes by jerks" tipcr
son who only hns to he bothered witli nl
long iutennls But nny ward lender who is
n husband nnd father must he aware that
a question not nnswered satisfactorily today
is asked tomorrow nud every tomorrow until
he succumbs.
A man whom I talked to casually the
other day when he came into my office to get
tickets for n pollticnl rally said to me verv
seriously ns we ported: "If you women
only have the gumption not to let the bosses
know how you nro going to vole nt these
primaries, or whether you ore going to gulp
their candidates or choose a dark horse of
jour own on tho party ticket, you will have
helped more In ono election than wo men
have Jost in ten. We've been lazy anil
we've been nfraid nnd we've been hopeless
about doing anything. Don't jou give your
ote nwuy, like we have!''
I DID not think then it could be managed
for this election. It seemed to me the
intelligent vote wns going to be too scat
tered outside the Republican PnrU to ma
terially affect the machine majorities, and
I had very little idea that among the women
who were in power Within the Republican
Party there was an npprecln'ile group who
could be counted on to act Independently of
the fiats of their ward bosses
It seems now thnt there ore! Which is
why Mrs. Barclay Warburton hns given up
her trip to Europe for tho present, why the
new headquarters nt the Emergency Aid
were filled to overflowing the. other clay bj
women from all over the State, why the
plans for n ooroful readjustment of the
summer program of work nnd intensive or
ganizing nre in force, why new members
who held aloof from the comiuitteeH under
their original status nro coming iu nnd ask
ing to help, why many of the leaders of the
tlpml franchise group feel that at last this is
an enterprise worthy of .their mettle.
I HAVE not seen the platform of this new
Republican group in printed words, but
if whnt its lenders have stated to the press
is worked out during the net year in prac.
tice, (hero will bo in Pennsylvania o new
force for righteousness that by the use of the
ballot nnd by tho steady education of puhlle
opinion will gnther to its help the intelli
gent and unbrlhable voters throughout the
Commonwealth. I venture to predict if it Is
done It will be done quietly; it will be not
so much a tearing down an a building up.
nnd if in its progress it destroys. jr will
gnther its workers chiefly from the ranks of
those who do not so much Inveigh ngnlnst
outrage nnd wrongs ns set their faces to ac
complish tho ideals for which this Govern
ment was founded.
Few women will agree with Mme Curie
when she says science is not unkind Thev
will point out that science permitted her to
have her picture taken in Northnmptou,
Mass., as she stood pigeon-toed.
Lynn, Mass, has a twehe-year-old
schoolboy who spends his time sobbing bo
cnuso there is so much sin In the world,
Poor llttlo codger! He won't ho hnppy till
he gets some of it.
Constantinople has a man 1-17 venrs
old who wants work, as idleness will ruin
his health, he says. Yes, indeed; It might
even nip his life in the bud, as it were.
May the new antl-prohlbitlon fight be
considered as a campaign against the boot
NOW MY IDEA IS THIS
Doily Talks With Thinking Philadelphians on Subjects They
Know Best
MORRIS L. COOKE
On Unemployment
UNEMPLOYMENT is ono of the greatest
wastes in modern industry, and can and
should be avoided, even iu times of financial
stress, according to Morris L. Cooke, con
sulting engineer nnd formerly director of tho
Department of Public Works of Phila
delphia. Summarizing, he said today: "The max
imum relief from tho evils attendant upon
unemployment will come about through a lo
calization of the problem within the indi
vidual manufacturing plant. Continuous
employment Is an nbsolute prerequisite for
constnntly lowering costs. In, nn economic
sense nil idleness during predetermined hours
of work is waste. Unemployment Insurance
schemes, whether operated under private or
State auspices und under which the rate
will necessarily be predicated upon the
plant's previous record in maintaining steady
employment, lead to n new interest among
employers In unemployment.'
Going more into detail he said: "Any
approach to the study of unemployment in
volves some assumption which, whllo not
current, seems to be fully in line with our
probable industrial development. For in
stance, it appears to be altogether in the in
terest of n higher qualitative production that
much more Importance should attach to the
separation of the indlvldunl worker from a
given Industrial unit than is attached to his
joining it.
Can Satisfy ".Mistakes"
"A mistake made in taking on n given
worker may always be 'rectified' by a dis
charge before the end of the trial period.
This is the purpose of the trial engagement.
"But onco the worker hns been finally ac
cepted and made u part of the organization
he must be held much more tenaciously than
Ib our common practice. This is not because
of any ownership to the title of the job, but
simply because If the worker has been care
fully selected nt the start, well trained in
his specific duties and properly oriented lit
the organization, his leave-taking must be a
matter of financial and human concern.
"In the long run, however, we rnunot
hold people for whom we do not provide
work. So we pass to the concept that it
may be just ns bad to take more work thun
our 'regular force' can perform ns it Js to
fail to secure enough work to keep that
'regular force' busy.
"It is tho testimony of the ben managers
the world over that as we learn to enrrv on
a given class of work in better fashion the
percentage of the skilled workers Increases.
In fact, there is nn abundance of evidence
supporting tho theory thnt when Industry
becomes truly scientific there will be no
place for the unskilled. Hence we can safely
conclude that tho better the management the
greater will be the financial sacrifice neces
sarily associated with lay-offs and dis
missals. "I believe wo hac now arrived at the
time when tho manufacturers who tiro to be
the most prosperous in the long run will
definitely decldo on the size of force required
nnd hold to it. In almost every case this
will mean u force smaller than tho one now
employed. Better methods and n decision
to give steady employment to those employed
nlmobt invariably means an ultimate reduc
tion in the normal force, Every effort
should be made to effect this gradually
inroiiFH normui separations nnd not hv
firing' anybody. There is nothing here to
preclude growth, but It should bo growth
considered in the light of a steady, long-time
demand for service.
Another Idea
"Another idea which while not current
novcrthelcss appears to be inherent in ef
fective manufacturing, suggests that Idle
ness on the part of pieceworkers has as de
cided nn effect on cost as idleness anvwhere
else. Tho employer does not appear 'to pay
in nny way for this type of Idleness slmplv
because he does not pny in direct wages'
But he pays In unnecessarily hlgh-prlco
, . Ill AillAA ... JS)a---i "
ruirn nun in uiun umiu indirect WnVH,
"In nn economic sense nil lillnnni'u j.i
predetermined hours of work is uiiii. i.
ng
portant as it is from n manufacturing stand
point to keep machines busy, it is much
moro so to keep tho worken busv. Viewed
from this angle, a check on man'-hours be
comes relatively much more Important than
a check on machine hours.
"Wo approach nearer and nearer the tlmo
when propositions for unemployment ins ur
once must be seriously entertained in this
country. Vnder the proposed Wisconsin
law a manufacturer'.! nrt,in. .. .i ."."
I fordins teady. employment dten tho
NO STOPPING IT
rate ho pays. This affords a strong Incen
tive for learning how to provide steady em
ployment before the law goes into effect.
"Of course the most important service
which unemployment insurance can render
L will grow out of the pressure it will exert
uii niuiiiiKciueiK in reuuev uucmiuuj'inciii. iu
n minimum. This statement is warranted
through our experience with Workmen's
Compensation Acts. The relief afforded In
jured workmen nnd their families, important
ns it hns been, is nothing compared with
the results obtained in the matter of acci
dent prevention. As significant of possible
future developments In this matter, It is In
teresting to note 'the experiment of tho Dcn
nlson Manufacturing Co. in setting up their
own unemployment Insurance reserve.
"It Ih altogether certain that throug"h
this kind of study of unemployment we arc
going to expose certain weaknesses In our
present manufacturing methods. For in
stance, it will be promptly demonstrated
thnt steady volume both for the plant ns a
whole nnd by departments is equally desir
able both from the standpoint of profits aud
of steady employment. It seems highly
probable if this could be demonstrated by
each factory for itself that some of the more
obvious policies by which steady volume is
encouraged would be introduced."
Humanisms
By WILLIAM ATHERTON DU PUT?
EWING LAPORTE, the baby Assistant
Sccretnry of tho Treasury, was a mem
ber of the Royal Flying Corps for three
weeks during the war. He had been re
jected for military service by seven branches
of the army of the United States nnd made
a final try by going over to Canada and
enlisting. The doctors had whittled on him
nt some time in his career nnd the wound
had not healed properly. Hence all bis
trouble
"I hnvo listened with interest to n theory
that men nre like apples," said William
Spry, commissioner of the General Land
Office. "There nro certain varieties of
apples that ripen quite curly in the season.
They have their day of glory and immedi
ately sink into decay. There ore other
apples that come to their toothsome time
In the fall. These nr less ephemeral, but
the farmer who puts them down in barrels
for winter use Is not wise. Then there is
the late ripening winter apple. It comes
to maturity when there is frost on the
temples of tho passing year. It has In it the
fiber that will last. Like men who mature
late it has of them all the greatest period
of usefulness.
"Subscribing to this theory,'' concluded
the commissioner, "I enn point with satis
faction to those yenrs well along in mv
thirties when I was still working ns n hired
mon on a farm."
tive I. y Dollingor, who represents Com
bridge, Muss., the home of Harvard Unl
verslty, they are invariably brief. The
habit of Congressmen of extending their re
marks iu the Record, if it serves no other
im.T0fV.ivIol,ll(!,l,mllcnt0 that t,,e' wve put
nsido childish things. '
Great would bo the saving In white paper
nnd printers' ink, ho says, if theso law
makers would accept as their model the
masterpiece of a hid who. when asked to
follow'-,-1"60 e nct9' pro,Iuct''J th
Act I. Algy met a bear.
AcI; iH' T!10 bfnr 1,ernne Puffed up.
Act III. Algy was inside. '
"The Republicans can tarry Texas," says'
Harry M. Wurzbach. of that state, recently
arrived In Washington. "-.uj
He knows how to go about famine it
ho says, .and has just demonstrated hs
theory by winning out In u district as
So'uth "or"'""5'. nny the Solid
He says he talked common sense to all
the people of his dlstrlci, urged them to
vote their interests instead of their prciu?
dices, to vote for protection for theirhhis
and wool Instead of against It. By sheer
,Htanfo'ticikfe7,m0 "f '-riaMMVt!
So he come to lie the only Republican of
his general on to ho elected !. rv.,,,.1
fromhe , big state by tillfiS tf"
duVrictt thitar fleht wou,d V,B "
wm
F.FWfbmi
filK.i'
. - V
What Do You Knoiv?
QUIZ
What Is the aurora australls?
Who wroto tho comedy "Arms and th
Man"?
Who was Alexander H. Stephens?
Whnt are tho colors of the flat; of Ger
many? To what race did Cleopatra, Queen of
Egypt, belong?
What Is Mingo?
What Is macaque?
What is tho meaning of the word con
gruous? What English statesman was nicknamed
"Dizzy"?
What Is tha complete nnd original name
of tho city of Los Angeles?
Answers to Yesterday's Quiz
The Red River of tho North, which forms
the boundary between North Dakota
and Minnesota, fibws from south to
north Into Canada nnd empties Into
Lake Winnipeg1.
A foot pound Is a unit of energy equal to
the work done In raising one pound
avoirdupois against tho force of
trravlty the height of one foot.
The first great victory won by General
Orant was that of Kort Donelson. the
capturo of which Confederate strong
hold resulted In tho taking of 15,000
prisoners.
Tho official titla of Brazil Is Estados
Unldos do Brazil (United States of
Brazil).
The laughing jackass In a bird, the giant
kingfisher of Australia.
Tho first name of Carpentler, the French
pugilist, Is Georges.
Montgomery, Ala., waa thn first capital of
the Southern Confederacy.
M. MUlcrand was Premier of France
Immediately preceding Arlstlde Briond.
Aurora borealls means dawn of tho North.
Cesar PrancU was a noted Belgian com
poser and organist. A largo part of
his llfo was spent In Paris, whera he
exercised a marked influence on the
development of modern French musls.
He died in 1890.
When a Cat Is Not a Cat
from the New Tork Herald,
At this season, when fair woman begins ta
wear furs In earnest, non-futbearing man
sometimes wonders not only nt tho style
hut at the names of the skins. Some fel
lows go nil their lives without knowim
what kolinsky Is; others learn to know
wombat from ermine. There have been
many changes slnco the days when the
geography told us that the American fur
animals were "beaver, bear, marten, mink,
lynx, fox." It never mentioned civet cat
or genet. There is agcnet sitting in City
Hall Park ns we write. It does not know
it Is n genet. It thinks, if it thinks self
consciously at all. that it Is a black and
white cat of humbie origin. Yet every fur
rier passing looks upon It ns a potential
genet of tho trade. There nro such thing)
as genuine genets animals very like civet
cats but the quadruped of tho back fend
is nlways a genet when his hide enteti
peltry.
Thieves Carry Away Church Bell
From tha London Time.
At n time when such n largo percentage
of French criminnls nre specializing in
thefts of jewelry, pocketbooks anil the more
easily portnble luxuries of life, It is almost
refreshing to hear of such originality ns wbi
shown by the ruffians who devoted their
attention to stealing a church boll weighing
one nnd a half tons. Last night n consider
able force of motor bandits entered the ruin
of Essars Church, near Lille, and succeeded
In hauling out a huge bell and placing It
upon their lorry. They were surprised W
the nct by the night watchman, who made
nn attempt to resist the removal of the Mu
but wns bludgeoned by the bandits, w"0
got clean nwny.
"1
77ie Wage She Earns
It Is n splendid prlvtlego to bo a good
. 'cook and to be nble to make pleasant
table talk. Abboy Sutherland Brown,
president of the Ogontz School for alris.
A MARRIED man must needs confess
However sweet his wife Is looking,
He does not love the lady less
Because she knows the art of cooking.
And furthermore he must ndmlt
(E'en ns ho would If she were present),
She surely has n pretty wit ,,
(No foult of hers when 'Us unpleasant).
Her knowledge modestly she mints
For currency. She hates all misers.
The man ho loves she never stints.
Kind words nre best of appetizers. ,
Rut while she talks of books and dresa
' IT
Ann gossips oi tnn deaa ana nvi"s.
The best of wive will tire unlets
She gets as good as she Is girlnr ,
G, A.
V
r.
Jti
t
.fi" '
. x
-t.
.
A'fiVr.w
. fV
ay&w.
.c.'Tjaww. -
4jbMi&
: W.-WWWaiff.-fatl.lt'a--M
K-V- I