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EVENING PUBLIC LEDGfcR-MILADELBHIA', , MONDAY, , JANtr ARY , . 17, ,1921.
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Euening public llcftgcc
, l'UULIC LEDGER COMPANY
CTOU3 II. It CUBTIS, rMSIDBKI
r Cliarlea II. Ludlinton, Vlco President! John C.
John n. Williams, John J. Spurseon, Directors).
BDtTOniAU EOAHD:
. ' Craos If. K. Ccaris, ChsJrtasn
H.vvid a bmii.bt.... Editor
jfOltN G. fnTT?f.,..0n'fil nuslness Mstumer
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I'hlledtlphli, Monde?. Jinutry 17, 19J1
" LIGHT SAVING A STATE SUBJECT
T TT IS a satisfaction that City Council at
Xlnst displays some understanding of its
jurisdiction over the subject of daylight
n saving.
' Last spring an ordinance colling for ad
Tonccincnt of the summer clock was airily
vhlskcd through the local legislative body
, and there seemed a chance of enforcement
i. until attention was called in these columns to
W the fact that a statu law prescribed the es
tablishment of eastern standard time. Tho
ordinance was therefore invalid.
1 Whatever the merits or demerits of day
light saving, the Couucil has at last ap
proached the question rationally. A resolu
tion has been adopted requesting the As
sembly nt Harrisburg to co-operate with
other states In devising a uniform, econom
ical time schedule for the long days.
The arrangement last year was tho nega
tion of system and resulted in such absurd
ities as a one-hour Journey from Philadel
'phia to New York and a three-hour return
trip. The Legislature can, of course, repeal
the present law if it wishes and if emphatic
popular sentiment in favor of daylight saving
should bo manifested.
FULL LIVING
'PvOES a man have to shut the world and
Jn U Its various concerns out of his thoughts
vL and establish himself within a sort of splrit-
.''tal armor and forget what life is really about
- in order to get rieh? The life of Isaac
r Clothier was proof that a man docs not have
to do these things and that many of the rules
, for success trumpeted in recent years by
shrill apostles of commercial efficiency rules
that call for grinding concentration, isolation
from things of the minif and spirit and a
;onornl hardening of the heart may do more
harm thnn good to people who take them
literally.
Mr. Clothier acquired a largo fortune in
? the face of hard competition and he built up
i great business. But he remained sym
pathetic, sensitive and infinitely kind to the
und of his long life. He loved books and
men, and found tim even in the days when
'iht worked hardest to think of generous things
'ic might do for others and to do them.
Lincoln, rather than any of the Americans
, - vho in a later day achieved fame and power
n finance and industry, was his constant
1 ,deal. He was a fine product of the best
traditions of l'hiladclphia and America.
WHAT HAPPENED AT MINGO
FEDERAL troops are being withdrawn
from Mingo, W. Va. That information
will mean little to most people because in the
rush of events a great deal of news from
Mingo that should have been printed on the
'ront pages was forced into the background.
But no one who wished to prove for liim
elf the justice of criticism aimed by Mr.
Hoover. Senator Calder and others nt ac
.eptcd methods of coal production and dis
:rihution uould have to go farther than that
,'rubby little town.
At Mingo the mines have been closed since
last summer, while miners and operators
alike disregarded civil laws and fought ns
Mtterly and aimlessly as Mexicans. Ten men
at least were killed" in bnttles between hired
strike-breakers and miners before the troops
wore called in. Now, though the fight is still
on, the civil authorities nro going to make
another attempt to restore order. They will
not try to open the mines.
The disagreements between the mine
owners nnd the miners at Mingo and in the
neighboring sections of the state could have
been nettled in an hour by any commission
of able and honest men who were willing tj
base their judgment on common fensc nnd u
just consideration of common rights.
HOW JOHN BREAKS JAIL
WHEUE are the headwaters of the river of
strong drink that is overflowing its
banks nnd irrigating tho country? Ily what
proce"es is so murli contraband unloosed?
'' These are technical questions uhirh hitherto
have bullied every one not in tho confidence
of experts. Head the newspapers noundajs,
however, nnd a light will dawn upon ou."
It was supposed when the dry l.iw was
written that the raising of barricades nnd the
.' drawing up of stiff codes wou'd b adequate
" to keep John either behind th.; bars or well
within prison bounds. No provision was
mode to deal with the problem of "stolen"
hooch, llooch stolen vanished as a factor in
the enforcement plan. It could not bu taxed
since it rould not be traced. No one could
'jbe blumed for its disappearance from tho
plnce where it was stored. It wm something
for which owners ou!d not be held rcspoa
t slblu.
Is that why there are so many amazing
stories current of vast quantities of liquor
,J stolen in broad daylight and why $.1,000,000
worth of whisky was taken by robbers from
a Chicago warehouse while the federal guards
were Inside playing poker? It is easy to
steal, isn't it. if the owner of the goods is tho
bort of person who helps you to load your
' pockets or your wagon nnd then shakes hands
with you and wishes you good luck on your
. travels?
Mi - - -
; AUSTRIA THE ABJECT
' rpIIE present abject plight of Austria is not
JL in the least alleviated by abuse of the
I'aris conference, at which the boundaries of
tho remnants of the llapsburg empire were
fixed.
Dr. Charles Seymour, of Tnle, speaking at
the Pi'nuo Lkdokr Forum in the Academy
-'"foyer lust week, maintained that the new
nationalities, Czecho-Slovakia, .Tugo-Rlnvia
and Poland, had already asserted their In-
-. dependence when the tima for treaty making
i arrived, and that tho territorial claims of
f Itumnnlo and Italy had already been estab-
HUhed by forco of arms. Tho conference
faced the fact, not the theory, of a lesser in-
M Und Austria surrounded by unfriendly coun
tries averse to entering Into economic pacts
pr which jjaigut hare assured the little (fifl.
ifliii
TflKflS
heavy republic, pared down almost to Vienna
nnd suburbs, of n healthy national life.
Whether his view of the case Is accepted
or not is not of consequence In the present
crisis. The situation calls for practlcnl assist
ance, rather than moral lectures or diatribes
on the wickedness of diplomats. Austria Is
bankrupt, starving, without means of either
economic or national subsistence. Her re
quest that her affairs be taken over by tho
Reparations Commission poses a question in
realities.
Sir William Gooda proposes thattsslst
anco be given with part of the 00,if,000
recommended by the Hritlsh section o? the
commission. The only alternatives, as ho
sees the matter, are union with Germany or
bolshevlstn, espoused because of sheer help
lessness and despair.
The Englishman considers the loan as
economic insurance for the benefit not merely
of Austria but ol civilization as a whole.
Distasteful as the great new expenditure may
be, there would appear to be no other toler
able remedy.
The crisis calls for prompt, practical
treatment. Ilaking up the past to show why
tho patient is III is futle.
CUSTOMS REVENUES AND
THE HIGH COST OF WAR
Internal Taxes Now tho Chief Source of
National Income Because of Expense
of Paying for Past and Prepar
ing for Future Conflicts
IT IS about time that tho business men of
the country as well as Congress began to
consider the new relation which tho customs
revenues bear to the total revenues of the
government and began also to adjust their
thinking to the facts.
Until 1803 nearly all of the money used to
pay the expenses of tho government wns col
lected in the custom houses. In that year
new Internal taxes were levied. They pro
duced $37,000,000. and the custom houses
Vielded $00,000,000. In 1802 the total
ordinary revenues were $r2,000,000, of which
$40,000,000 wns collected in taxes on im
ports. Prom 1803 to 1807 tho yearly revenues
from customs were nearly always in excess
of the revenues from internal taxes, though
tho internal taxes were becoming more pro
ductive from year to year until they paid
about one-half of tho governmental expenses.
Since 1011 the internal taxes have yielded
moro money than tho custom houses. The
recent war taxes left the customs Tecelpts so
small in comparison that they ore almost
negligible. In 1918, for example, the in
ternal taxes amounted to $3,000,000,000,
while only $182,758,000 was raised by
customs duties. The tariff produced in that
year almost exactly one-twentieth of the
totnl receipts from taxation.
It is estimated that the annual budget for
many yenrs to come will bo from three and
a half to four billion dollars. The tariff has
never produced more than $333,000,000 in a
single year. It is not likely to produce much
more than that sum in the future. Conse
quently the men who arc to frame a new
tariff law arc freer than they have ever been
before to frame their schedules in accordance
with the soundest economic principles.
Of course it is desirable that the policy of
protection be continued, but its application
must be made in the light of our new rela
tion to the world, nnd in the light of the
necessity of keeping our markets open to the
nations which are our debtors. We cannot
sell our surplus abroad unless the purchasers
can pay their bills largely in goods of their
own manufacture.
A tariff policy entered on with a view
solely to tho exclusion of foreign goods from
our markets would be disastrous. The
American bankers have already extended
credits to foreigners to the amount of three
or four billion dollars. This has happened
since the war ended. The foreign govern
ments owe the United Stntes $10,000,000,
000, the principal tind interest of which
must be paid in goods of some kind, for there
is no gold available.
If we levy a prohibitive tariff on foreign
goods we shall not only deprive ourselves of
the revenue but we shall also provoke retalia
tion. The Canadians are already aroused over
the Fordney emergency tariff bill, which puts
a duty on farm products, nnd they are talk
ing of excluding American goods if the bill
becomes a law.
The nations of Europe which are in des
perato financial straits will not be indifferent
to the exclusion of their goods, nnd if wc
make the mistake of hceking to shut them
out these nations will close their markets to
us. In such an event the sources of domestic
t.txntion will be seriously affected because the
producers will not have the property to be
taxed.
Under the circumstances it will be fatal for
Congress to follow any of the old rules which
guided it in tariff making. The immediate
need is for a tariff law which will encourage
foreign trade while incidentally protecting
American produccru nnd yielding revenue.
The revenue nnd protective features of a new
tariff law are of less importance than they
ever were before.
The decreasing importance of the tariff ns
n revenue producer ought to force the atten
tion of Congress upon the objects for which
public money is spent. It was said on the
fiiinr of tho House of Representatives the
other day that $000,000,000 was enough to
pay nil the expenses of the government save
those growls out of war. Yet It will bo
necessary to raise billions every year. This
!iercMty will continue so long as we prepare
for war. And even if we should ubandon nil
warlike enterprises it would be more than
a generation before we were able to pay the
tost of past wars.
A comparison of the war expenditures with
he other expenditures in the fiscal years of
1D0O and 1017, In both of which years we
were at peace, will show bow war expendi
tures have increased.
In 1000 the total cost of running the gov
ernment was $ 187,713,000. Of this sum,
$371,704,000 was appropriated to pay the
expenses of the war und navy departments,
to pay the interest on the public debt, which
is a war debt, and to pay the pensions for
old soldiers. That is, It took only about
$110,000,000 to pay for the peace activities
of the government. In 1017 tho war ex
penditures had risen to $781,130,000, whilo
the peace expenditures had increased to
$300,000,000.
Hereafter the interest ulone on the war
debt will amount to more than a billion dol
lars a year. Secretary Daniels is ostcing for
$700,000,000 for the navy, and hundreds of
millions are asked for the army.
There is in sight a war bill of more than
two billion dollars n year. This must bo
paid by the people of the United States if we
continue to prrparo for future wars on the
scale on which wc have begun. One-half of
it must be paid anyway because we wore
forced into a great war brought about by tho
war spirit of other nations.
There nre innumerable moral arguments in
favor of peace. They have been repeated for
generations until they have lost their force.
When it sinks into the consciousness of men
that war does not pay in dollars and rents
a determined and concerted effort will be
ti,ade to end it. It may not be flattering to
the self-esteem of men to admit this, but it
it true.
The discovery that drunkenness did not
pay did more to decrease the estexslvc use
1 vl alcohol than all the prcacliiug ui the
v r
- uuV
temperance folk. The man who went to his
wort suffering from tho effects of a debauch
was quickly displaced by a man who had all
his wits obotic him. Tho lawyer who was
befuddled with drink when consulting a client
soon lost his clients. The practice of the
drunken physician dwindled away. Em
ployers declined to hire men to operato ma
chinery if they were in the habit of drink
ing too much, and the railroad companies in
sisted on absolute sobriety in their engineers.
It paid to be sober and men becme sober.
Figures may bo cited to provo that the con
sumption oi alcoholic drinks did not de
crease, but they prove nothing save that
alcoholic drlaks were used with more discre
tion than in the past.
The peace societies would do well to
spread abroad the figures showing tho part
of every dollar collected by the national gov
ernment which is used to pay for the cost of
past wars and for the cost of preparing for
future wars. Such figures are more potent
arguments for arbitration than any appeal to
the humano instincts.
The tariff framers also would do well to
recall that a tariff law which stirs up bad
feeling in other nations plants the seeds of
.future disagreements which may lead to war
and to increasing still further the tax bur
dens of tho people, already burdened too
heavily.
LITTLE SCHOOLS
TTTITII a Board of Public Education that
" seems determinedly averse to toll and that
finds compromise nnd agreements even more
difficult than they were nt Versailles; with
n growing pride in costly high school build
ings nnd a tax rate that never has been ade
quate to meet the needs of n growing army
of school children, Philadelphia has been
drifting steadily toward serious difficulties in
the primary and grammar schools.
Criticism of the smaller and older school
buildings now published by the organization
of women teachers Is an old story. It brings
a familiar question to the front again. Many
of these buildings are overcrowded nnd al
most wholly unfit for the uses to which they
nre put. The great high school buildings nro
necessary, of course, nnd there nre not too
many of them. But the smaller schools have
not had tho support of organized opinion
which, expressive of neighborhood prldo in
tho well-to-do sections of the city, did much
to provide splendid buildings for ndvanccd
students.
Certainly the smaller schools have an equal
right to consideration. They arc institutions
in which multitudes of little children pass
their formative years, acquire all the educa
tion that they ever receive, and form first nnd
lasting impressions of the general life in
which they are a part.
Of particular interest now is the declara
tion of the teachers that many of the smaller
buildings nre cold, badly ventilated nnd
without proper sanitary equipment. Is there
anything more important to a city thnn the
health of its children? That is the question
that remains unanswered after every revival
of the discussion of the inadequacies of
primary nnd second grade school manage
ment and equipment. And, of course, the
Board of Public Education cannot be ex
pected to answer it or approach it intelli
gently now. It has too many less important
matters to quarrel over.
SOUND REAPPORTIONMENT
IF THERE is as much reality as optimism
in the report from Washington thnt the
House reapportionment bill has a rough road
to travel a good many politicians throughout
the land will be spared the agonies of a
heart-breaking occupation.
In Pennsylvania tills is particularly true.
Tho subtle complexities of congressional re
apportionment in this state constitute the
most formidable obstacles in the way of
clean-cut progressive legislation by the As
sembly in Harrisburg. The promise of n
speedy session this year is shadowed by pros
pects of the bickering nnd factional quarrels
which reapportionment invariably brings
forth.
At Washington it is asserted that sufficient
votes are available to defeat the present re
apportionment bill, increasing tho House
membership from 435 to 483, and thnt there
is a respectable chance of passing a sub
stitute measure increasing the ratio on which
representation is based.
The federal constitution could be complied
with by adopting a plan increasing the mem
bership of eleven states nnd reducing that of
eight states. The House total would then
remain whnt it is now. Sooner or later
something of the sort will hnve to be done, if
only because of the physical limitations' of
the House chamber.
Of course, the states with decreased rep
resentation would object. If the new plan
is actually proposed home of the votes now
said to be lined up for it will probably
vanish.
None the less, the principle involved is
sensible, and In this commonwealth the relief
which the public would experience on find
ing the reapportionment fight taken out of the
State Legislature would be profound.
Tho Northwestern University has raised
the ban upon the shimmy because the inhibi
tion was driving the students to public
affairs and the faculty wished to win them
back to tho campus. It is Iuckv tho students
didn't go after booze, or the faculty might,
by the same token, be forced to open i
barroom.
A bomb thrown at Leninc missed him,
but killed nine other persons. It is a pity
that tho wnr should develop such bum
pitchers.
What Do You Knotv?
QUIZ
1. To what nation did the Vlorln islands
belontr before they were purchased by
the United States?
2. How many times did Henry Clay run
for President?
3. What is the correct pronunciation of
"Don Juan," aH the tltlo of Byron'a
poem?
4. Who was Carl Ooldmarlc?
6. Of what gasta la tho air composed?
C. How ar away Is the horizon viewed
from a point at sea five feet above
tho surface of the water?
7. How many cables make a knot In nautl-
ca.i int'UBurn :
8. How many ICnglish queens ure now living
In Oreat Ilrttaln and who nre they?
9. What Is the meaning of the word hidalgo?
10. Who was the first emperor of Home?
Answers to Saturday's Qulr
l- Th.l..wom.en "ho wer married In tho
White House were Lucy I'ayno Wash
ington; .Mr.i, Madlson'rt sister. Anna
Todd , Mnria Monroe, daughter of
President Monroe ; Helen Jackson,
Delia Lewis, Mary Kaston, Kmlly Mar
tin, Ullznbeth Tyler, dnughter of
President Tyler; Nelllo Grant, daughter
of President Grant ; Emily Pratt, niece
of President Hayes; Prances Folaom.
to President Orover Cleveland; Alice
ltoosevelt. daughter of President noose,
velt ; Jesslu Woodrow Wilson nnd
Klcanor Wilson, daughters, of President
Wilson.
2. The real name of Lawrence Barrett the
noted American actor, wns Prannignn.
3 The Irrnwaddy river la the chief river
of Hurmah It flows Into the Hay of
Bengal, an arm of the Indian ocean.
4. The empyrean Is the highest heaven,
6 "Not a drum was heard, not a funeral
note," la tho openlnpr of Charles
Wolfe's poem, :"Tho Burial of Hlr
John Moore."
C. Queen Elizabeth was the daughter ot
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.
7. Donato Bramante was a noted Italian
architect, responsible for the original
plan of 8V Peter's, Itome. HB dates
are H-ll ,
8. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the cam-
,Ppyt
im life of Franklin Pierce.
9. A pylon Is a gateway, especially of nn
Kgyptlan temple.
10, Frnn"! Heh'inert, the celebrated co;npos:r,
.pica. at yiv ..4;?' '' yt
1 lli MJ
- rrfJSAVMi
A8 ONE WOMAN SEES IT
When a Man Who Plant, a Man Who
Has the Data and a Man Who Hat
Experience Get Together, Welfare
Work Will Be Boosted
By SARAH D. LOWRIE
THERE Is a well-defined plan in Wash
ington to' add another department to the
government and by that token a new officer
to the cabinet.
Two great Interests are jockeying for
tho department. The public educational In
terests of the country wish, nnd wish very
logically, a department of public educa
tion, and a secretary of education with a
cabinet status. The philanthropic interests
of the country wish, and wish very logi
cally, a department of public welfare, and
a secretary of public welfaro with a cabi
net position. As it is quite unlikely two
new departments will be created there is
a move atoot to combine the two and havo
a department of public education and wel
fare, with one secretary to represent both
in the cabinet.
It would take a very various sort of
secretory to do justice to both enthusiasms,
but the department heads under him could
specialize to their hearts' content.
A good many national interests thnt have
to do with one or the other of these two,
viz., education or welfare, arc now scat
tered through various departments where
they seem decidedly out of place. Thcso,
with other national Interests along welfare
and educational lines thnt have had no
place for the sole of their feet in the capi
tal, could be housed and looked nfter, and,
after a perilous existence of sufferance on
the outside rim of the lobby, be mobilized
for effectivo work.
CURIOUSLY enough in Pennsylvania the
city has got ahead of tho state In the
welfare idea, and wo have in Philadelphia
a Department of Public Welfare and an
official representing it In the cabinet of the
Mayor, Mr. Ernest Tustln.
I wns regarding Mr. Tustln the other
dny with interest to see how he nnd the
welfare Idea were getting on together. To
judge by his face nnd one can Judge some
things by n face nfter it has looked out on
life for fifty years to Judge by his face
he feels thnt things nre going pretty well,
but there lj room for considerable Improve
ment. He looks capable, but not contented ;
successful, perhaps, but dissatisfied; which
interested me, because ten years ago when
ho was kind to women about suffrage, but
not vcrjj optimistic, I rather thought he
would settle into a kind of impenetrable
complacency, interested in welfaro and
philanthropy and in various church busi
ness on the side, but not as n career, be
cause politics had rather bitten him; and
that he would slip 'from state senator, to
congressman nnd so on with no appreciable
sacrifice of other demands on his capa
bilities. BUT now he has n very great piece of
constructive work under his hand here
ns director of public welfare. He can make
his mark on both his state and on the
country. He hns a chance for originality
nnd for .practicality. He lias to make or
to mar an organization which is focusing a
great deal of attention, a fresh and grave,
almost anxious attention. He has a Inrge
enough field for his authority and initiative
to give him scope and room to build solid
foundations. His mistakes cannot possibly
be as conspicuous as his successes, because
things cannot be much worse and every
little betterment ghows for all It Is worth.
Philadelphia is n very philanthropic city,
and a man who can put the municipal wel
fare works on nn up-to-date footing will
be giving real pleasure and hearty satisfac
tion to a great multitude of his fellow
citizens.
What is done well and far-sightedly in
this department for Philadelphia can well
be used ns an argument for n like Depart
ment of Wclfnre for the state.
I DARE say Mr. Tustln is up ngainst
many obstacles to the clean rounding out
of his plans during his term of office. Ho
hns to go ns slow us the slowest, rather than
ns fast aa th? quickest of those ho must
look to for appropriations and for removals
and for renewals, not to speak of Innova
tions. There are always more cranks in
terested In other folks' welfare than any
where else outside the patent office or the
hospital for the insane, nnd Mr. Tustin has
the look of having met more than one crank
thnt proved a surprising obstacle, but he
also looks us though he could get past or
over them.
I WAS talking last week with another
man just ns interested in welfare, whoe
face op the contrary was entirely carefree,
nnd that was Kenneth L. M. Pray, secre
tary of the Public Charities Association of
Pennsylvania. I concluded the main dif
ference between Mr. Pray and Mr. Tustln
wns that Mr. Pray suggests to other per
sons how to get wolfnre over the top, and
the other man is up against doing It, In
spite of other persons.
Not that Mr. Pray's job Is a bed of roses,
but he can be more optimistic. And even
when you are gnthering data ns to how
wrong a thing is, when you are not re
sponsible to the public for the wrong or for
the work of righting it, you enn have rather
a cordial eye for ull suggestions. Locking
statistics into your desk nnd turning the
key of your office is one thing. Placing
children in asylums and wards and having
to make sure they are rightly looker after
is auothcr.
IN THIS state there are upward of 20,000
children who nre deficient, deserted or
delinquent, for whom the state is respon
sible, but who are not supervised month
by month or even year by year by nny one
commls'lon or board or bureau or body of
inspectors responsible for their continued
welfare in the place to which they, have been
originall) committed.
There arc u score of state or county
agencies thnt can commit a deserted or
delinquent or defective child to a state or
n private institution, or to the enre of n
family or of nn individual, but unlike Mas
sachusetts or New York, the state has no
adequate inspectorship of its wards nnd no
appropriation for keeping effective oversight
, of them.
This is ju?t one or the things n state
welfare department would undertake. It
is to be hoped thnt Governor Sproul, who
could inaugurate tho propaganda for such
a step in advance, and n man like Pray,
who has the data, and n man like Tustln,
who is hnving the experience, can get to
gether and move their big public to see the
necessity of it and demand its accomplish
ment. Mr. Tuft hns pointed out that the Ford
ney tariff bill does rank injustice to Iler
muda onions and potatoes and urges exemp
tion for them, While his plea for the onion
drives us to tears, it is the potato that makes
Intellectual nppeal. The Bermuda potato
is not an alien immigrant, but the child of
American parents returning to the land of
Its ancestors. Its visit is part of a benefi
cent circle, the Bermuda potato coming north
In the Bprlng for the table of the epicure,
the American potato going south in the fall
for seed and for consumption. To put nn
embargo on Bcrmudnn vegetables is to hurt
ourselves and to injure n kindly neighbor
whose Legislature is doing its best to be
friendly to us, even to the point of disagree
ing with the mother country in the matter
of trnde policy.
A gang of thieves who stole groceries
wholesale and opened three retail markets
In Chicago to dispose of stolen goods nre
said to have abandoned n truckload of butter
because, after tasting it, thoy discovered
that it was not up to their standards.
Though they've been nrrested and charged
with robbery, they apparently want It dls
tlnctly understood that they're a cut above
cheap profiteering.
Tho fact thnt the German-American
Citizens' League should ask, Mr. Harding
to Include In his cabinet men of German
utrartlnn goes to .show thnt there arc still
mn n thl-i cnunti'v who have not vet lenrneil
i Jhj leison. of j,0Q per cent. AoerJcan.Um.
seWw
"HURRY,
NOW MY IDEA IS THIS
Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphians on Subjects They
Krioiv Best
WILFRED H. SCHOHF
On the Port of Philadelphia
SHALL the policy of retrenchment certain
to be adopted by the rivers and harbors
committee of tho incoming administration
affect the development of the port of Phila
delphia by delaying development of the
thirty-five-foot channel?
Shall this policy of retrenchment be done
with a club, as was the case of the last
rivers and harbors bill?
Or shall It be done intelligently and after
due consideration of "economy without
waste"?
These are the points emphasized by Wil
fred II. Schoff, secretary of the Commercial
Museum nnd consular representative of Peru
and Bolivia.
"The construction of the thirty-five-foot
chnnnel was authorized years ago," Mr.
Schoff says. "It should have been finished
nt this time. Congressional delay nnd the
paring down of appropriations Is responsible.
The port of Philadelphia Is going ahead
can go ahead will go ahead In spite of all ;
but the delay in finishing the channel delays
the development of the port.
Port Is Rated Second
"The port of Philadelphia is rated second
among all ports of the United States. Its
Sosltion Is disputed by New Orleans nnd by
altimorV', and figures are close enough to
f;lve some bnsis for argument upon varying
nterpretntions of statistics. But the query
is not so much whnt last year's traffic was.,
but what it would hnve been and whnt it
could have been if the work on the thirty-five-foot
channel had been continued at the
rate as recommended by army engineers and
as contemplated when Congress approved the
proposition in 1010.
"If the work had gone forward through
the Intervening years ns was originally ex
pected, the channel would now be virtually
completed Instead of standing but 57 per
cent complete, ns indicated in engineers' re
poTt recently sent to Congress.
"As the result, it is still impossible for
ocean-going steamers of the higher tonnage
to use the channel except under most favor
able tide conditions or but pnrtlal loading.
"Yet the congestion at north Atlantic
ports, notably New York, continues; and thp
foreign trade of the country must depend
more than ever on the facilities of Philadel
phia us n regular outlet to our best markets
under normal conditions those of northern
Europe ; to say nothing of many new trade
routes to be opened up by United States
shipping.
"Delay In construction was due. of course,
in purt to the war, Thut was an unavoid
able delay. But before the war began the
rate of progress contemplated had not been
maintained, nnd this was due to the action of
Congress upon the annual rivers and harbors
hills, of which the Delaware river is one of
the largest and most important items.
Consideration Appropriate Now
"That this existed during the period when
Congress was disposed to favorably consider
such measures makes It appropriate to con
sider the prospects under the incoming ad
ministration. "The outlook is not altogether encourag
ing to those Interested In the development of
thiH port. Formulation of the appropriation
bills naturally depends largely on men lu
control of various committees of Congress.
After n long period of such ronrrol of rivers
and harbors bills by Middle West repre
sentatives, and during which period enstern
shipping had reason to feel Its interests neg
lected, there was a succession of years when
the chairmanship of the committee on rivers
nnd hnrborH was filled by eustern men.
"Under Hparkman, of Florida, and Small,
of North Carolina both good friends of the
port of Philadelphia substantial progress
was made and the interests of enstern ports
and waterways were constantly defended by
congressmen like Costello. of Philadelphia;
Linthlcurn, of Baltimore j'Hurlbut, of New
York, and Edwnrds. of Savannah, in the
committee, nnd with Moore, of Philadelphia,
on the floor of the House.
"There have been rapid changes in the
personnel of the House resulting from tho
last two congressional elections, when po
litical control changed nnd the chairmanship
passed to Kennedy, of Iowa, of whose views
on rivers and harbors matters it may be
Hald, without fear of criticism, they are at
least skeptical nnd often unfriendly. Under
his chairmanship last year the House adopted
a lump-sum appropriation of $12.000.000
when the chief of engineers reported that
'to prevent actual loss on existing works'
$25,000,000 wn.s needed.
,1'potfant public impioyeuts LU back L.
inr ireiswnrr rivrr was one nt tnp Im
DAD, LETS PICK OUR
n"-.f , v52T ,- IL-- rJjSrS515j''-
-"" "
thnt nction. This came about through
change in rules of the House, whereby
power of appropriations was taken from the
several committees nnd wns concentrnterl In
a committee of thirty-five, or less than 10
ner Cent renreRPntntlnn n tlin Unnoa tnnin.
bcrshipj nnd that committee followed tho
suggestion of the steering committee of seven,
which had said in effect 'It is $12,000,000 or
nothing.' This new system ns relating to
the appropriations will continue through the
new Congress.
Changes In Committee
"Kennedy's retirement will mean a new
chairman for the committee on rivers and
harbors, nnd if the seniority rule be followed
Mr. Dempsey. of Lockport. N. Y., will bo
chosen. The committee loses Smull nnd
Costello. while Sparkman nnd Hurlbut had
previously retired. Mr. Moore's election to
the mayoralty of Philadelphia has removed
another able advocate of the port. No one,
so fnr, hns come forward from the eastern
districts to fill the pluces of these men In
defending port interests, from the unfriendly
members from tho West nnd Middle West.
"It might just ns well be recognized that
the steering committee members are not
friendly to this class of Improvements. The
chairman is Mondcll, of Wyoming, where
there nre no ports, rivers nnd harbors; a
leading spirit is Mundell, of Chicago, who
looks nt rivers and harbors bills merely ns
shafts of ridicule; Longworth, of Cincinnati,
litis other interests. So has Speaker GU
lett. So has Rogers, of Massachusetts.
"An Item of encouragement Is the selection
after long delay of Congressman Harrow, of
Philadelphia. He has a great opportunity to
advance the interests of this port, hut too
much ennnot be demanded of one in seven,
when the other six all may think otherwise.
"Such is the legislative machinery nt hand
for the Incoming administration. Tremen
dous problems of retrenchment call for early
solution. The pressure on Congress is uni
versal and insistent. No member can be
criticized for believing the first demand is for
reduction of tnxation and expenses but
there is wide latitude for a difference of
opinion as to the policy of retrenchment.
No Economy in Halting Work
"There is no economy in stopping work
in nn unfinished condition. If the intent is
to cumplete nnd if it will deteriorate during
n protracted period of neglect. This is es
pecially the case with rivers like the Dela
ware, which enrries considerable burdens of
silt, whereby n dredged channel can easily
fill up unless the dredging continues accord
ing to plnn, A policy of continued neglect
may undo nil the work of improvement so
fur accomplished.
"The wiser policy would be one that,
while duly allowing for financial conditions,
should find the boundary between economy
nnd waste nnd nvold destruction under n
false plen of saving.
"But the dumage must not be overlooked
that the leadership In Congress hns passed to
the Middle uost. will remain there during
the next Congress nnd bids fair to remain
there for nn even longer time. There is the
more reason, then, for enstern cities, re
gardless of political differences, to ait In
defense of their own interests; und tills view
".nWI(Vr,"' l'sPvelal force to the port of'
Philadelphia.
"Under changed conditions labor and nil
other charges are higher; cost more; there
fore more will be required to finish the chan
nel than the original estimates. This means
the appropriation should not be reduced, but
must be Increased In order tn complete the
work within the time contemplated.
"A Plilladelphlan could well argue that
the soundest economy would be the doubling
of the Delaware river appropriation for a
period of five years; yet there is good ground
for the fenr the appropriation will be divided
by two. possibly by three. Construction
work will bo indefinitely extended and the
ultimate cost great!- increased thereby.
"It Is not easy to grasp the magnitude of
tho work. The trip across the river hv
ferry or down the river on a pleasure bont
affords nothing tn the eye.
"But the fact of the matter Is the amount
of excavation required Is ot least nrir-third
more than was the case in the building of
the Panama canal. h
"Being invisible to the eye, the progress
mndo can only he shown by statistic? 0f
chunnel soundings and the average con.
gressman, especially if he he from tho Mid
die West, likes to seft 'visible results.' A
great Irrigation dum commands the view and
It appeals to the Imagination, nnd although
the results aro less In proportion to cost thnn
would be the case of on improved channel,
they meaning the Irrigation .dams-secm to
rominnnd (he y'.te. m.d ttmt, flfler oil, it, tho
practical icston," , .
j-'dii .
fr letf-tit -
NEW MODEL!"
SHORT CUTS
Down in Miami there is realization tbtt
tiampy Moore is a good-sized man.
Any arid every delinquent will sympa
thize with Tammany's dlstatstc for an in
vestigation.
The common sense optimist of today i
one who congratulates himself that he h
an Income to tax.
PerhnnB the Cnhntm thrnnrh their Ait.
tion nre trying to prove that their country
Is not yet ripe for self-government.
It must be admitted that Lieutenant
Kloor has n terse way- of telling truth!
"xnis nero business is all Dung," ne say?.
Some statements may be accepted as
incontrovertible as that of the Atlantic
City "corpse" who insisted that he wb
olive.
And the maxim mongers to the con
trnry notwithstanding, a bridge may bf
crossed and double-crossed before it is erto
built.
While there is more nolltlcal slate this
legislative coal dug up in Harrisburg, thr
is smau wonucr tne people complain oi tee
output.
We know nlreadv that war is wicxed
but we are golnir to nut a stoo to St lust a
soon as it sufficiently soaks Into us tbtt it
reauy doesn't pay.
If Mr. Harding would only harry e?
wiiu tnnt cauinct the country woiyd nan
n ctinnce to -get busy telling him what o?
pens to oe wrong with it.
Tho almanac kindly afforded aid
giving patness nnd aptness to the ceitort
tion of Thrift Week by permitting Its ln
gurntion on Franklin's birthday.
Tho Chicairo Tribune, notlnir that Mr
Mellon has been mentioned for a cabinet
position, remarks that It presumes he is ripe
enougu to be picked, xcs, or to be cut.
Austria ut least has been sufficientlt
punished for her sins. She must be helped
now, if not for her own Rake, then for tM
sune or other nations which otnerwise
must inevitably drag down.
A Washington woman suggests that
bachelors be taxed to help run the govern
ment. Well, they have already been helpW
tho candy manufacturers and retailer W
pay an excess profits tax.
A local woman sewed garlic into li
clothes of her son in order to mane "
strong. Ilia school teacher, who ttpotw
the case to a welfare committee, djd Mj
rlnrA illunlitn ll,n fnltlifiil iloaerlnt Ivpnt-'S 0!
the udjective.
That Hoover's speech in I'ittsborjJ
should bo picked up by amateur wirel
operators hundreds of miles away is a
'ul flint linu t,sifr ..nl xniiniul tn flHtAlind U'f
but the thing most important remains the
response to the appeal he made.
I.VnriV Tt Mi-Plnl,, t,no rliulnterred a 1
mode in 1707 which provider, that aay o
Eelllncr u oaf weighing less than onti""-.
n.-u.f,..iu ... I,., nn.i tin for each 1"'
- tliu nmninit l.ult.fF utillf t.fittVPPn the IniOriD'
, .. ,.....,. Uv,h ,. .. -.. v... -;,,,. j
nut niul the state. Any baker win " '.
that that must havo been oue of toe di.
luva.
After a cursory glance at the rcful.i : J
tlin niii.uflnnnfilru onnt nut liV the CnmmiH'1
on personal welfare of the Women flcBi
its' Organization, we conclude that P'
from insnnltnry conditions, offensive W"
distrusting noises and distasteful ""''
tlons the Philadelphia public schools are
right.
In the interest of economy o mowni'!'
hns been launched to hold down member01'
in the House of Representatives by redww
representation in eleven states anil "' .,
Ing It In eight. As this will entail lab" '
state Legislatures and reduce the minwr
political jobs, onlv the most optlmistk
pect the movement will be successful
Dr. Hobart A. Hare says f ,c?hJ.fli(1 ,
digestion nnu mni a cockmw - , i.j
befoio u heavy dinner. 'Ibc statement J
n 1.-I..I: ns r.otent ns n hair of the dpi 1
bU you. hut one question occurs to. "'.,!
one. indeed, .that might even cW? j, ,1
inott mniaiHC ruinnounu wu -,:z iwf
.course outlined by 'Dr. Hare-to ':QjB
not out a dinner Hint ln t hn " ",J
the necessity for the cocuwiu r-
I
-&,? -Y-fc ""i.'irtf'fr i