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uenm0 !ubltC'iBre&gcr
PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
.r..Jro, il LuHnton. Vice 1'reeld.nl. John C.
Martin. Srenurr ond Treaiurer, I'hlllp t t'olllne,
John 11. WlllUm. John J. Spurt-eon, Dirts-tor..
EDITOttlAI llOATtD
si,.... En,t,,.H K- ".. Chairman
TaAVin B. MII1.BT, . , KJltor
JOHN C. rtMlTlK. Oen-al llmlnn. Manager
, Publlihcd dally at TciMo LuiHirj. UullJInf
IndtpenA'nce Square, Philadelphia
ATLiNTlo Cixr Preas-Vnxxi Uulldlne
nS?.-" 3U4 Matll.un Ave.
T;,V?" 813 Olobe-ltemocrat HiilMIng
CUICi0 . 130-.' Tribunj UulMlng
nkws lirmurs
WASBINOTO! IH'aiUl'.
:.-"vii S." "'" 've-nla Ave and Uth 81
LONDON BoRiO London Tlm
8UDSCnirTI0N TKKil.
w-.TL0 EI,:'"nL,..I'.l'"uc l"ukb " ned to suV
crlbr In rhllad.IphU nnd urroundln towna
i iBe rato pr twlo (U) cihb rr wk ubl.
to the carrier
hP'Jt''J i Pln, outJuU cf Philadelphia. In
;I?.i. ted But- -nada or I'nllfd Staifi po.
kw iiST'J'f,"'1 ,r,f- n,tv (S(" c'nl" Pr month.
T"i .i'i lollV Pr W rayabli. In advance
' vv.i'J.o'T" ,"J"',fl' one t$l) dollrjr a month
w.r.?1!?."-fli&"Tlr lihlnif nddrrea chanted
autt elve old ai well os nw addreia
BILL. 000 TFALNX'T
KEYSTONE. MAIN 30D
C -tiWrjj all cawimunicmiojij to ;;i-.iln,i rt!c
IjnAgrr. IndependrnrSquare. riitla.ltlrl'Ut
Member of (lie Associated Press
.,J1E. AHS0C1ATBD PR ESS it 1 iclaihvj, n
(flrrt fo In (i.- o ruii'ioa(.OM c' l I nru
ultpatchei crrdtlrj lo f or no; oflnrto) crditfti
irt WW pajr, on.i nlu ii local tirv rond
tnrrrln,
111 rtpftf 0 rrpubNruMini o' iwal iliiirr)irj
herein art c'no rrri t,1.
rilllijrlpliu. riliipJt. Jjnilir j, I i J t
MEN OF THE RIGHT SORT
TUB four 111011 tiniiiril liv tin Mnor to
inako an itiiinr inii 1 Ii rit ku. Icii'i'
Hrc of iii li :i I'liurHitiT that tin- pubtli' inu
look fnruiml to thfir n-poii Willi ronliili'iirc
that it will hi' liasi-il nti :iu iiiiimi lull run
ltlprHtiiiii 'f nil the fait If tin' lifth man.
who"" nnmr i Mill t 1 1 mri'iuin !. i a
good ns tlio fmir, it will bi' .in wloal mm
mtssion Milo 1! Mallbic. fonii"i.j imhln Miiii'i
commiasionor of Ni nrk. is iiiuiumI lint
anil will doubtless be the 1 linirmnti of the
i'ommisimi Hr ill 1. nsistcd b V V
Hltic. of New York, iiik- if Ins 1miiIips lis
orintes. nnd by llnwunl It. Slu'pimrd nnd
Thomas F. Armstrong, rriiri-sfiitalhu bus!
npss men nf this rit .
This coniiDis'Mou is to '! if iboio is auy
reason for praBting the n-ipu'st of the pitsl
rlirit of the fnited (?as Iniprovi-mciit Com
pany for pcnni.sRion to im n"i" tin' price of
Cas. and it is to itiqini also into I h'1 po
nililo alfrn.ifivi' to a rennwal of tb b-aso
when it cipiri'H in 'even innr
. The ipi'omnu'inliitioii on tin prb of r.is
hould bo mad" at the enrlie.t posibl. date,
in the IntorrM of the sharoludders ot tlio
V (!. 1. as well as in th interest of the
public:' but there is no nod for haste in
roarhins: auv otu luaion on the policy to be
urged lipon the rity when tli" lease expire
THE SELF-TORTURING BOARD
A l 'TO KXHAl'STInN is not usual j re
Knrdod as an ngenex of proijres. The
condition of the Hoard of 1'ub.n IMuoation.
howeor. is not to be d unnoted bv ordln.ir
rules This it evident from the observations
of former Judge Dimuer Heebe: on the feel
ings of his rolleagues
It appears that they nie all wear of
stultification that tlu a.'tualh propose 10
name a superintendent of the I'liiladelplii.i
public schools rt the next meeting- "The
Iwiard." says Judje lloeber. "it tired of
having the question so Ions before 11 nnd the
members fool that everything should and will
bo done to expedite the matter
'Tlio pub ie sii keneil of the libsillil deilil
lock long ago Th? board. deiite the high
nverage age of it. members. 1 a sturdy or
ganization. Hut its capueity for bickering,
sfpinbliling and self-torture is limited after
nil. In that fact lie the public' extretnelj
monger measure of consolation
WET TRASH AND DRY
ONK of the street swooper has told Uirec
tor ('axon thnt if the paper- which lit
tored the waho of the New eti s parade
had boon water soaked 11 eol'eition would
have been iiisier. Mr ("awn agreed end
promised to turn the sprinklers on the rub
bih after the next pageant
The idea is obviously n good one but t
will bear approbation only so long .is the
prsence of trash on the street. it accepted
a inevitable
There is. of eoursi 110 real wan ant 'or
audi a view It is not wet paper that will
mnke a 1 loan eit What i needful i the
ftrlet enforcement of lobulations prohibiting
the defiling of the street and t.:e 1 iitivatioii
on the pnrt of the public i.f si,m icgnid for
roatness and order in tin- iiwit,'
It is an index of hnkard oi m ioimIi
tion.s when I'hiladelpaia a't'-r n parade pie
Rcnts. ns it so often doc . t,(. ,ipect nf u
town ilespoi'ed by slfion'v invaders
SPROUL READY TO FIGHT
TFIAT it encouruguig news from Hani
burg that roernor Spro'.l will appear
in person in the (iencru! Aseino' a week
from Mond.n to deliver hi annual message
instead of sending it to he tend In a 1 lerk
The (iovettiir ha 11 "g.slatixe piojiain
whirh he wislies 1 arried "it 11 tier men in
the (.tnto are undrtooil in be nivn to
that program The tiuw-iim- upporutiv
dor.s not intend to nllnw I'ifiii to s-a-t tae
fighting Hy taking ihe aggiesoitc m ul
hne nil the adiHntages nf prmritj 111 reach
ing the ear o' !.. pub. K n-J In milking
hi reeommcii lat.ons m pei s(,ij he .an xe
to them i'i it 'eui'dia 1 ' wi.i cae no
me in doubt abort his poMiun
The fioveri.or 'in iontidiai'i pnwi uid
lie i.s fauu'ar witu the su i-pt iltn ti s .if ;,ie
legihlators from lonu ex per. ear aueu..' t iin
'onseiiuently those Icndi-rs wn.i ii.-n bt-eu
lining up the si tin tor nnd repreten'oine, .11
support of this or t'rnt f.n ti o and tno irne
been planning to have c,i. i, rg 1, nr WM
wh.v, are ! 1 k ! r ilivinr ' nr tln-.r 1 an-
will liae I" he (.-.(. l.i u : in I., '.nise
of the Gowrnor
Ttlis Wl'l be I. ell'!. I ,1 t,. . f, e, . i,f
good govt rim.i ill ill thi- iim ,1 win.-- 'ic e
have been liting the hoat iiihi 1 iere are uuU
fotir local repi c-miii' 111 1 .1.1- 'an1 sen
ntor who u n Ie oepMidnl 01. . imn 1 the
legislative piogiain of Mim- M
COLBY'S SUPERFICIAL MISSION
DOl'HTI-KSS tti 11 pii.ueiitim ifi... i uf
Sis'ietnr ' In s .n '1 S, ,(u Sn.'Mia
was good A h ' 1 , is a- iii g .1
liowevet. the oppor! 111 to ' 1 1 . 11.
state Department '. gu 1 1 m 'i.i
roibtleties of I'an Aiuern an , ns ... .
dei liledl.N limited
.Mr Colbv sai'ed for 1...11, tnon H i.iios
Aires jesterda;. ImtiiiK puid I tie olbi i. n
kpeclt of his gowTiiincni to tl.iee naiiniis
Hrii7.il. 1'rugutn uud Aigeni mi II . ijIU
and 1 it receptions were both g aeons ('our
tin 1 harncteimed the tup ti.1 i,,i( 1,,,., j
c'-
"n Collii ilinerurv vx is ih.uh i run.ej
tin 11 eveii that of Mi Weill, in Itussia It
was itupo'oublc to probe to the In 111 nf n 1
morons Intercbtitig aitunlniis wiUnn . bint
a Kpace
Chile I'orngiiM.v Ho'nin I'eni Kcuador,
Colombia 1 in h 11 weie uiitisiieil lf
tie.p iOimtrieH uie inonily of ' oiisidcriug
tho first wat!ii inns' i in Misunderstand
rigs between Cuile 11 ml the I luted States
rlnte fir bai k While some of them hine
herfc floured UP loot of the old distrust,
especially among the ( luleans, leinaiu.
ScnbitlvcU'sa in Sautlagu will not be
l
...i. ."li I'rVi l.'fi.v"- .,..i, ii.'i ' ...
molllficiJ bjr Mr. ColbyV departure north
ward. DurliiK the summer Benson now en
joyed in the pouth temperate zone the. trans
continental railway route is free from ob
structions nnd Mr Colby could easily have
tunde the trip to the 1'acitle and hack within
nbout n week, with a few days to spare in
Chile.
Some day. peilmps. the need of organizing
a South American inbvslon oil a thorough
and comprehensive basis will be realized.
The Hubject is not one which can be effec
tively treated by half measures, product iu
childly of .speechifjlug.
WHY WOMEN WILL NOT ENJOY
THEIR WORK ON THE JURIES
Is There a Tendency to Penalize the
New Voters Who Sought Only a
Voice In Government?
WOMKN called for sen lets ou trial juries
In this and omit ritioH do not appear
to hae grestly enjoyed the experience. That
i not strange Nobody with n sensitive
tin ml eer did enjoy a forced contemplation
of misery nnd eiror.
Theie inn l.e little justification, therefore,
for the solid old buccaneers who, with uiituls
that si, cumnii in the twilight of the
sixtie. nine a'.wajs disdained' the preten
sions of euflraifist anil-now experience some
thing like ocstns at the spectacle of women
siirpiltid uud shocked and saddened by their
llrst full !ov of the procession of broken
and tormented humanity that pusses every
day through the criminal courts. "They
x 11 11 ted it." sii) the cynics. ' now let them
llllle It '
I'ut women didn't seek the vote because
they wanted tu M'i".e ou juries und hold
othce mid compete with men iu what might
be called the hard labor of American clti
renship. They have enough work to do us
the hoinekeepors of the country, and their
traditional service i peculiar and indis
pensable. When they demanded the light to
vote they wished p.'imurilj to have it olie
in the making of laws which, because of the
extent to which economic forces have upset
and changed the social tradition thnt once
was their chief shelter uud defense, have
grow 11 to affect very intimately their lives
and their opportunities and the lires and the
opportunities of their children.
In the course of lime there will be a new
general conception of the nature of women's
right Then- will be n reaction from the
state nf iniud that ha led 11 good many
people to suppose that since the elective
franchise became a privilege of all citizens
women have lost their oldest right that of
protection from the rougher edges of the life
about thorn. When tnat time ci.ines women
will be wisp to accept immunity or partial
iinuiiiuity from jury serviie. They hnv
nothing useful to leain in .tin- criminal
courts. What is relict ted then is too often
abnormal and repellent The work yf June
can be done by men in all but exceptional
cases.
The lord of 01 ention. blundering mind the
'hang ue' coiifus.ons of his world, has never
been eitliei the perfect being that he imagined
himself to be or the monster of selfisluoss
once pilloned in the speeches of the more
ardent feminists lie has always been will
ing enough to respect the rights of women
The difhotiltv with him was to recognize
t Iii-iii and tormulate codes in keeping with
chnnging tunes Once he knew what was
expected of him. he .strove mightily to do it
He has labored on the earth and over it mid
bored through tempests and crossed oceans
and built and toi u down for the things
needed to express the inarticulate moods of
his revereni e for bear's claws and the tusks
of unriilv beast in the early day, and for
diamonds and limousines' ami empires and
the like in tliese later generations
few men labor for themselves. They uuiv
go out to tame a wilderness nr to light in
wars; they may burn themselves out at ob
scure toil or go blazing to niches in the,
halls of fame, but each is always and for
ever in the set vice of n still I'resence that
wait to take in her hands the results of all
this travail or to smile and b, glad or beau
tiful because of triumphs finally achieved
Men who lal only for themselves are ex
ceptional and almost abnormal types. So.
to sav of the whole masculine world that it is
brutally self-centered it to show that jou
know little of the animating processes nf
civilization and the pmf.i mler human im-
plIe
It is in their general attitude Toward col
lective womanhood that men reveal, if not
,1 deficient philosophy of ethics, at least nn
uiabilitv to cope with drifts ami forces that
d.verr them from what might be tailed the
c ntral purpo-e of their live Social und
economic complexities have iiiuliiplird amaz
ingly with the development of machinery uud
the progress of industrial expansion, and
before th-m most men still remain bevvil
dernl They have been astonished to find
vvoiiuu 111 com pet it ion with them 111 the prac
tnal affaiis of life, and 11 good uianv of them
suppose thnt women have acceplid ibis new
condition voluntaiilv .
The fact 1 that the fun es of evolution
hav driven women out into the world into
the exposed plates of industry anil the social
struggle whetc, deprived of the spiunty that
was theirs when their plate leally tcni in
the home, they niut look to the laws for
tl.eir s.i ft ti
'I'h" period of wlnt has bn-n cilled fomi
n no emancipation found the niasi uline mind
unprepared Women in the abstract or
women in ihe immediate 1 in In of his familv
weie nevei doniiil 1 on. deration and
rev ei once by anv average man Hut women
in industry, women in nulls iiml oifioes. wore
a new manifestation altogetln r
A woi Id dominated by men did not know
huM in deal with them or how to assure
them 1 vi n i'uiuiiiou justice Thai wn not
Imame it did not want to do the.e things
It linked n method and it bad not piogressed
t' a point of view from which minus for the
pirfonuHii f n new uud piessing duty
could be pl.rnlv penciled It has not yet
progress) tu tha' point of vow. but it is
in 1 1. e w a v
Mi auwliile men have Irei, uii.ible tu trans
lii.- in'o piacliinl term- fni the new gen
ern'ioii nf workintf wouon their inherited
llesiie to he I'lllVullMIIS illlll Wl.ollv JllSt. If.
P'ufessing udhereni c to these ancient virtues
ami u 11 iiiliriiiuisutd oiiceru for women
linn ih -t ill willing to explu" them iruelly
in s oil" iniliisii ie. if llnv stMnl aside und
take oft i.ieir Luis in the ptesoinc of women
iioiu in ih next inoineii' thev drive at
underpaid tnks it is Uihiisc thev an- not
vi ninrters of the situation in which ihe)
t 1. I ihetuhelves
Jsnli,.. of tli" listiticls uf tin Cherokee seem
. hnv Hju'I 11 men w Im do n vet under
iiii.I that ..oinun did not vmiiiiianlv leave
. pi me of he- earlier env .ronuicnt Such
iistinots ,iie oxpressid 111 insnv of the fac-
o'V liv s of llui sicWielll s'htes Thev are
.tiled cd. t'' "1 tli" l'b t of old -fushioneil
-laud patter to argue that women ought
1.1 b' mad" to st-ive on juries and to have 11
share 111 all ih" disagreeable work necessarv
in oig.uiied sui icty The pride of the male
bun been toiii lied bv what he mistakenly re
gu:d s it challenge to his prowess and
iiuthot'ltv
t a iiiuttei of fu' 1 women have ouie
,,i ward ilitluli ntlv enough merelv to ask that
1 .ev be peillii'ted to have a voice in Ihe
laws which as laboi ing citizens, they found
too often unfair nnd unenlightened Thev
did tin because thev could no bfugor afford
to stav at home Thev have gone tu work
because they had to
In new of all this it is rather idle to
suggest that women lire compelled hy the
act of their enfranchisement to sit upon trial
rfW.--.-- '
Bvuirafa" Public ledger-
Juries nnd look day after day nt the dark
and ugly and shocking side of Hfc. This
view Is one thnt can be justified only by the
technical provisions; of existing laws. If It
Is to. be stistalned'liy usage, then It Is not
too much to say that men will have to learn
to sweep floors nnd cook dinners nnd or
ganize and regulate households and teach
children their prayers nnd put them to bed.
If there Is exemption on one side -and men
always have been exempt from social re
sponsibilities of n peculiar and trying sort
then there ought lo be exemptions on the
oilier.
The pendulum hns swung to n far ex
Iretiie. Women will have lo sit on Juries,
for some time to coin- nnd their verdicts
will be criticized -ns that rendered yesterday
In Judge Stern's court wns criticized by Im
plication from the bench nnd by the prose
cuting attorney because It Is 11 habit of
women to pity the tiufortuimto, and nil
criminals are In a. way unfortunate.
The instinctive antagonism .of some men,
who held the vote 11 n sacred 'and exclusive
light of their own, will be expected in de
mands for women In lesser oflites and for the
hard work of election day, and even in
movements to deny women some of the ordi
nary courtesies that go so far lo keep n
lingering grace iu the routine cotitncts of
everyday existence, lint in the end n ra
tional view of woman's plai e 111 the political
life of the country will become genet al.
Who will keep the houses and tuitid the
children nnd cook or supervise dinners if
women have to answer Insistent calls to the
Jury box? So long ns tin re are houses nud
children to be minded und dinners to be
cooked that iiiestloii will await answering.
The world of men will loam to recognize
in the women who labor the same quiet,
enduring spirit Ibut soiled and inspired it
from the protected heights in other genera
tions. Women will still be piotected ntld
they will have their rights as citizens. And
thou the ends that the wiser suffragists
sought will have been attained
SECONDARY BOYCOTTS
TUK decision of the t'uited States Supreme
Court against serondaiy bovcuits is iu
the interest of the public, the third party in
all labor controversies.
The question arose out of a tiike In the
plnnt of (he Duplex Printing 1'iess Company,
of Hnttie Creek, Mich., which nnploycd 1.00
mat hiuists. When the liil was ordered
by the International Ass(n latum of Machin
ists twelve men went out. The others re
mained nt work. Husines agents of the
association thoteupon set 011' to organi'.e a
boycott upon the Duplex Printing Press
Company by warning customers not to luiv
the printing preses it made ami threatening
them with loss if they should do so; by
threatening customers with j inpnthetlc
strikes in other Unties; by threatening a
trip king company which bad been iu the
habit of doing business for the lompnny; by
inciting employ es of the trinking company
nnd employes of the oust it of the com
pany to strike, ami by uotitiing mechanics
that they would Ih- blacklisted if tbey in
stalled any of the pie-et made by the
company ,
An injunction was sought against these
business agents. It was domed by the Dis
trict Court nnd the Appellate Couit. The
Supreme Court has gianted the lemeily
sought anil has decided that the Clayton
amendments to the Sherman anti-trust law
do not deprive rt 11 employ ei of tidres.s against
a secondary boycott yvlinu interferes with
his interstate business. Tin- Clayton atneiitl
ment.s were passed in oitbr to fioe labor
unions from sin h penalties as were inllicled
in the Danbuiy hntler , but the court
tails attention to the explicit statement made
on the tlooi of Cmigrcs when tliese amend -irii'iitK
were passed that they did not sanction
the secondary boytott. Such a boycott, the
mint hold. is in clear violation of the law
and cannot be tolerated.
The dot isltin will lominouil itself to Un
common sense of all dliutfipted poisons.
It is not only in accordance with tin law.
bur it is in nicortlaiue with the principles of
justice. The employer must be protetteil
liom conspiracies to ruin him unless lie
comes to terms with n labor union, just a
the vvockinginan must be protected from con
spiracies to injure him entoied into by em
ploy ers.
There was a dissenting opinion concuirod
in by throe of the nine justices, but the,!
arguments aie so preposterous as to bo
astounding. It was iissortetl that hetnuso
ttnployers are known to iofrso to sell their
productt to be handled bv union workmen,
the employes ought uKo to be frf,. t0 t i-futo
to handle the products of 1 inployors who
would not einplov union men. So fur n vol
untary nnd spontaneous notion is concerned.
this is probnblv n safe rule. Hut the Duplex
Printing Press Companv was seeking relief
from nn organized conspiracy to compel men
to ruin its businis. The employers lire en
titled to no privilege whuh the employes
may not enjoy .
If the view of the minoritv of the couit
hinj prevailed union labor would have re
ceived u charter protecting it in nny con
spiracy into which it might inter to destroy
the business of an employer who would not
unionize his factory, nnd wo should huvc had
industrial war vvhnh would injure every
business even remotelv 1 ntmeeted with ail
industry 111 which there was (l strike. The
majority decision confines the warfare to the
plant In which it aiitis mil fr,.0M outsiders
to confine themselves to mural suasion when
they interfere Fair minded ln,or men
should be gratified that the , urt has been
so just in Its decision.
TWO WASTED WEEKS
mill', lietierul Assembly met and orguniied
A. yesterday, then adjou d until Jiiuuarv
IT The numbers have K.,i,e bin k home nud
will not leturti tu Il.iriisburg until th.it
diiie Nearly two wiel nf tii winter aie
thus wasted 11 Mil the .i.,u,n UJ bave to be
prolonged that much lunger into the spring
or summer.
Why tlid they do tins'' The assigned rea
son is that the adjournment is necessary in
order to give the speaker of the House time
to make up hi list ,,f lomiiulteet. Hut
before Kobert S Spungh r was elet toil to
the speakership it was known that he was to
preside The membership of the House has
been known sinie the morning ufter election
tiny It would have been easily possible for
the 1 oiiiin.ttees to have been lirianged in
advance of the constitutional date fixed for
the meiling t,f tin. (ieneial Assembly. This
is done in Now York, whore it ha fi e
quently happened thnt the list of committee
assignments was huudtd out us suou us the
speaker was foruiallv plectod.
It hns beiu istimateil that this adjourn
ment for 1 wo links 1 os(s 1-11.000. When
it is iioiisshiv to 1 unserve the n-oni.es of
the state ami to seek out new sonnet uf.
levnnie tu in"' 1 the iiii'ieiiing cost of gov
lltltlicilt si, 1 i ili'lilTl'l ell' e Iu ecullolllV is
indef nsib'e
Some stones toll themselves Take Ihe
1 ae of the mail who mined m this oitv
from Hamburg with Ul.lUO lauuric and
fun lie 011 the steamer Keilew The ship
had tarried giiiin to Hamburg and the mix
on board flourished tin the letuiii tup thev
weie famished and the birilmaii had to light
nijllit iiml dav to snve bis ih.irges. t. killed
twenty r.its with his bate hand. Munv of
them he poisoned And in suite of nil he could
do l.'t) of the biitls wore killed bv the huugrv
animals Sit flow 11 and iiiuigine the details
for yourself and see bow nadilv thev come.
Congressmen have been iid.neing ton
sons whv I'lic-le Joe Cannon has been re
turned to the House again ami again Curl
oiislv enough, not one of thorn hit 011 what is
prnbahlv the mil reason- That constituents
gel the hnbit, be it good or bad. Wltnoss
Pennsylvania.
.IV,.V..,l.ri--s-r W1
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. '
ASONE.WOMANSEES IT
Citizenship Defined and the Rights
and Responsibilities of Citizens
Clearly Set Forth
Hy SAUAII I). LOWKII.
TMi'J forces that worked ngalnst etun'.
suffrage in this country used an argil
luent that was true ns to facts, however
malapropos us u proof thnt they were in
the right.
They nrgtied, and nrgued truly, that the,
responsibilities of a voting citl.en were
grave and exact Ing. They mu Indeed.
Which is pi nimbly the rea.son so many vot
ing citzciis shirk them,
There used to be it little book much fa
vored by iii'rsery governesses called ''Head
ing Without Tears," which waN supposed
to carry the youthful mind over the shoals
of learning to rend by sheer force of 'enthu
siasm. Probably no scboolbook was mi
uiiiveisally bedaubed with tears thnt dripped
from infant cheeks as that book. It raised
such high hopes, only to dash them to the
ground. Theie is nothing easy to the nver
age mind jn learning to load. There Is
nothing eusy Iu the art of voting.
Hut Just as it is far more dllliciilt to live
in a world without knowing how lo rend,
so it Is far more complicated being a citizen
without 11 vote than being one with a vote,
i.lfe is complicated, but to live under n
government in which one has no part beyond
that of pnving Its bills lifter the ifionev It
spent l.s worse than eot11plieuto.1l. It It
bud for tin- itidiv iilutil : It is P.ul foi h,,
t'overiinit'iit but iini-l vr ell it is bail fur
the country maikcdly bail for 11 country
whose government is foviided on 11 tiicor
of justice and equal icspmislbilily.
livery voting citizen who shirks the
responsibility of voting I. c, sharing 111
the government up to tlio limit of his oupnr
tunlly is a quitter. The most hnrd-shellcd
political boss who is niwayit on ins jon is
a far muic patriotic citizi 11 than he.
In compiling a new edition of a little
f initio lo citizenship' 1 bave n new sense
10th of how awful It is to vote and how
necessary.
I suppose 11 perusal of a book on physi
ology would 'give, one the same senatlou :
how complicated the process ot digestion,
yet how necessary !
The fact that digestion is niilomntic when
it works rightly, and voting is u conscious
process if it works lightly, can never. 1
suppose, make it a just not to Milrk voting.
My only hope for myself is that In time
the technique of voting will become niito
uiatic, but I cannot hope thnt what is
Implied by the act. both before und after
ward, can ever be anything but 11 conscious
und set nuts act nt .inti no.., ,
I WAS linked the other day to answer the
follow iug questions on citl.cuship in (his
column. (Juest ions ;
What two classes of citizens are there,
in the Ciiited StiitesV
Who gave the I'niled States, 'i. ., th
federal government, siipieme power?
Cuu a citizen's duty to his tountry and
In his state ever legally conlllot iu the I'nltcd
Slates'
H limiting the powers of states over
their oitlen., what aie some of the lights
giiuranteeil I'liited Slutis citizens h'y the
federal constitution?
Does the commonwealth of Pennsylvania
guaiantee more lights to its citizens than
they have already under the federal consti
tution us citizens of the Culled States of
Anioi ica'.'
ANSWi;itS to the questions on citizen
ship: Iu the I'nitetl Stales there are two classes
of citizens: tlio muciuiIi ' class uud tti'.'
governed class :
'1 lie citizens who I'M-icsf the light of
voting ore the governing class:
'1 ho citizens who cniiuol or who do not
exeieise the light of voting ate the governed
cluss.
Kadi of , tin thiiteeii original states had
within its bonier unlimited power after
fleeing itself from foreign rule. Hut upon
agreeing to unite with the other states each
state limited its power lis a separate stale
while it augmented the power of the 1'nitod
Slates. Hy forming 11 fi deration, with a
central government, the states bestowed on
that government hy a written constitution
icilaiii lights over their slate mveiiiuieiit
The most important right of the federal
government over tin state governments tin
lo do with citizen. Article XIV, federal
toiiiitiitiiiu "No state shall
make or eiifotce a law which shall nbridge
the piivileges or immunities of citizens of
the I'niled States, nor shall any stnto
deprive anv poison of life, liberty or prop
cm without due process of law, nor deny
utiv person within its jurisdiction the legnl
piotct tinu uf the law."
All litizens of ihe I'niled States can claim
piotet'tion from the government of flu
1'iiitoil Stah s
All iitiens of the 1'nitod Stales owe
allegiiime to the government to the I'nUed
States.
All citiiiis of 11 state if! the i'nited
States 1 an hum protection from thnt state,
und owe alligiance to its government.
The protection of the I'liitetl States nnd
the protection of the state government can
not legally be at vnriuncc, .as the consti
tution of the I'nited States is the supreme
law of the land.
The nib giance which the citizen of a
stale owes h hrs state government cannot
legally be at variance with his nllegiunce to
the government of the Cnited States, since
his state constitution bus been niitdn to
conform to the supreme law of the land, i.
e . the federal constitution.
Although the protection nnd allegiance of
state citiz. uship cuuiiot lessen or conflict
with Tinted States citizenship, simp no
state constitution can take uvviiy from 11
citizen of the I'nited States the lights nnd
responsibiliiies be possesses under tlio foil
ei a I ci'iiiitiiiioii, the state can give its citi
zen certain tight that he does not possess
a u iitieii of tin.. I'uited Slutos.
SO Ml'Cll for a brief summary of the
gi-iiir.il status of citizens.
The ffilt 1 nl fouitcciith amendment de
fines titietis of the Cnited State. us fol
lows: "All ,ii -oils bin 11 or uiilllializeil ill
the I iiiloil Slntis mid subject to the juris
diction theieof are citizens of the 1 nited
Slates iiml of the state wherein they leside."
A citi'i 11 111:1 v 1 hunge his state at will,
but he may i.ot become n citizen of anv
state utiles I,,, is a citizen of the I'niled
Stales
Kverv voting citien ill the I niteil Suites
1 11 sloikholdn- 111 the greatest biisinest
organization in the world: an organization
that invests billion of dollars in future
tonne of in tilth, that pays huge dividends
from piosent sources tlf wealth, and that 111
an iiiiergemv 1 an spend its surplus cupltal
111 figures, thnt would 11 teiitur.v ago represent
fabulous in lies It is 11 business organiza
tion that capitalizes its own interpusis ami
has all Kuiope in it debt. It tan call to
its seivuc miliums of exports and skilled
laborois of eveiy trade, and can tall to
its aiil the pi I: of common labor To b
hi its omplov is an honor; the rights whuh
It tan bestow and the fovms it tun with
hold ate valuable bevoiid computation (li
the jest uiliiiiiiistintloii of this vast busi
ness tleptml ihe heiillh ami happiness 01
millions of b itiiau beings, billions of 11111
iniils, und Ho- lOiiM'ivatioli of inestimable
products of nutiiie.
The men tt ml women who exercise the
lights of voting stockholders in this gieu
oiganizulioii are iu fact the government of
the l'nite, States Those who tlo out 01
who tuniiot exercise the power of voting
slockhohleM are the governed.
And so we come back to where we began .
There nie 1 wo classes of cilieiiH in thu
I'liiled Stutis the governing cIiish and the
goveined 1 lass, and it i purely 11 mutter
i,f pei'-otial iholce, except in the case of
defective in which floss a man or woman
chooses to be
We have always felt thnt sooner or
later the practice of 'trying it on the dog
would get a setback. London playgoers, are
protesting against women taking their pet
logs to The theatre,. . udglnrf by some of
the nlnvH the remedy lies with the 8. P.
p. A.
mL'ABELBHIA WEDNESDAY, JAJWJARY
,srwww'wtTFirrrmmm.9umwmy,Mw.jnFewr"
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NOW MY IDEA IS THIS
Daily Talks With 1'hlnhing Philadalphiaiis on Subjects They
Know Best
DR. JOHN W. HARSHBERGER
On Open Winter and Plant Life
AN ()Pi:N whiter, such ns is being ex
perienced iu this locality this year, is
geneiullv morn injurious to plant life than
it i beneficial, iu the opinion of Dr. John
W. llarshberger, professor of botany at the
I'lilversity of Poiiusy Ivania.
Certain plants, according to Dr. llarsh
berger, have been so protected und planned
bv nature that they are iinatTootcd by such
unusual weather, ami in other cases no defi
nite harm it done unless the warm period
lusts a long time.
"Warm weather iu whiter." declares Dr.
llarshberger. "is not especially injurious to
plant life unless it starts dormant buds to
swell nnd burst open, thus exposing the deli
cate leaf nnd How or tissues to the action of
the succeeding cold spell.
"There an many native plants, tre.es and
shrubs which are not ordinarily stimulated
to development bv warmth in the winter
season bemuse thev have been long adjusted
to the particular climatic condition of east
ern North America. Meteorologists tell us
that this exceptional weather has hail 11
countcipait in the past, and ns our native
plants have ixistod for umnv thousands of
yenrs, tlioie Is no doubt that they have
iiiiiny times bei 11 exposed to conditions to be
found totluv.
"Then there aie many plants which nor
mally blossom early in the year before actual
spring conditions come. In this tntogorv
arc the bkunk cabbage, the witch hazel anil
the like. These plants nrc not especially in
jured by period of cold weather succeeding
1111 open winter.
"In addition, mere are a few plants intro
duced from Kuropo nnd other countries, such
us the Japanese witch hazel, the snowdrop,
the winter aconite nnd the Christmas helle
bore and others, which frequently flower In
January suet ceiling u few days of open, win in
weather. When this warm spell is in turn
followed by snow, the winter aconite and the
rest of tliese guidon species are tompletely
covered up. nnd when that buovv melts they
me found to be uninjured.
Snow I (ionil Protcitliui to Plants
"In fact, snow is one of the best protec
tions that plant life has against the rigors of
winter. A cold, nowloss winter, with high
winds anil low teiiipi'inture, is much more
destructive, generally speaking, to plant life
than a winter with a heavy snowfall. This
nhilitv of tlio snow to utt as a blanket for
plants has Imiii tcpmtcdlv shown in tin
1101 Ih of I tn 1 s . whole an mrly spring snow
fall will do loss damage to crops than 11 late,
snow less peiiod of told weather uceompunlcd
bv high winds mid bright sunlight.
'"Dining the curly months of 10U0 there
was n very interesting exemplification of the
action of 11 frozen soil und cold weather.
The soil was frozen to the depth of more than
a foot and luter a heavy snowfall cnine,
which pin t ly molted mid was again frozen to
form nn hy sheet several 1 tit lies thick. This
was followed by 1111 extitinely cold spell with
stinug winds anil blight sunlight, which,
however, was cuuiitciuitcd by the blanket of
snow and Ice.
"It i a fact, however, that hardly nuv
season iu tile annals of Philadelphia horti
culture has been more trying and detrimental
to conifers, rhododontlioiis and other ever
gieens than was lust season Ithododon
drons weir destroyed by thousands where
gardeners hud not had the foiethuught to
cover the roots with n heavv mulch of forest
leaves nnd other litter. The louson for this
destructive action wns the fait that dining
the winter rhododendrons and kindred spe
cies are constantly giving off considerable
amounts of moisture, and this loss of water
from the surface of the plant Is increased bv
bright sunlight aiitl strong wind The water
llius given off (luring an ordinary winter it
obtained from the soil, hut in Ili'JO tin- soil
was frozen to such a depth that the loots
were unable to obtain tin water necessary to
replenish the loss from the surface, and tou
M'iiiently the plants dried up, their leaves
turning brown and withering, with 11 lesult
as tlisustrous to the tops of the plants as a
Hie would have been.
Many Plants (iet Host In Winter
"The period of winter is advantageous to
many plants, which enter 11 period of Test at
this time, giving nn opportunity for the
ripening of the wond and the matin ing nf the
IiiuIh. Tins has 11 beneficial lesult 011 the
gradual preparation of underground pnrts of
the plants for the but nt of spring growth.
In fact, some bulbs nnd some seeds will not
begin growth until they have been subjected
tn either the rold of winter or the drought
of such climates as we find in grent deserts.
'This feature Is known as the 'rest
period,' nnd for this reason an open winter,
in glvlus no an oh opportunity, U bumetiiiios
, ,
itftSyfiUlU,
"1 -. vi"- i - v f '- c LB''
- S. I92j7 .' ' !'
"TR-Rk-REMBLE!
. "-S- -C-lT---V '
succeeded hy 11 loss vigorous growth the
following spt ing, as contrustetl with 11 winter
of uhiiiiiluiit snowfalls nnd normally low
leinpeiutuies, which produce the necessary
lipeuiug off 01 1 011 buds und other dormant
pail of the plant,
"A told spell i particularly dangerous to
plant life after it pciiiul of wnim ruins with
open grounds, because most plants absorb
water dining the winter and become gorged
iu their overgiound parts. A subsequent
freezing is liable lo burst the delicate tissues
of the plants. 1'insi cracks ou trees are a
gooil example of this danger, nud they ittc
quite likelv lo lesult. particularly if the cold
spell is followed by bright sunlight. With
out the latter, the water which Is frozen out
of the plant tissues may be absorbed back
again so slowly into (lie living cells of that
plant that the destructive act Inn is pre
vented: but witli bright sunlight the ice is
expanded within the plnnt, resulting in the
aforementioned ruptiiie of plant tissues.
"For this ie:ion, iu the protection of
delicate plants it is more important fre
quently to protect them from sunlight in
winter than from the cold weather.
Plants Safe If P.uds Arc Closed
"The danger of frot iu the spring or in
anv open spell of weather dining the winter
months is largely due to the ltitluencc which
heat ha in expanding buds and starting dor
mant parts of plant life into activity. As
long n buds remain closed there is ordinarily
little muse for worry from succeeding cold
weather, but if the warm period is of long
enough duration to cause the buds to expnntl
the following cold weather generally destrojs
ihe delicate parts within, which mo then no
longer protected by the bud scales. The lat
ter aie provided by nature with cork, resin
or i'nttn:ii or silky hairs to offer resistance
to tlio action of the climate.
"The most destructive action in buds is
the entrance of water between the bud scales,
for this expands in freezing nnd tears the
frail pmts of the plant to pieces. The
presence of the resin und other of nature's
aids helps prevent this state of affairs.
"On the other hand, it is equally true that
the present e of frost nnd ice is very bonefl
1 ial to the soil iu which innuy plants tire
found, because it tends to pulverize the
larger soil particles through the expansion of
the ice particles. As a consequence, soil ex
posed to the iictinn of frost is mellowed and
made fit for the growth of subsequent crops.
"A final destructive effect of nn open
winter as 1 mitrnstcil with a normal one is
tlio fact that many plants are stiinulntod
unduly, thus .shortening their lives, because
the icsorve foods arc used up before the rapid
demand of the plant conies for the expendi
ture of such stoied materials."
I What Do You Know? I
QUIZ
h.if It llie nrliriitril int.'inlio- t.t T'Lnin.,,1
1 w
2 Wi
3 WI
I X-Vl
r, wi
I, wi
7 w
s Iu'
&.' w:
u w
bat Is plalonlc friendship''
mu ivvo kh 111 puiuic vvnrus or immense
Impoitance to thu development . of
transportation weie completed In thu
num.. , 11 1' uf III,, tiinel .,,! li ,'uiilnpiei
bat Is c uthaunsia?
bo w.ih the classical goddess of music?
hat Is a llgurnnte''
htn was the ti.ittlo of Aglncourt fought
, ami who were Iho belligerents''
which tllriitlon does the Colorado river
flow"
h.it It the difference between n degree
anil a parallel of latitude?
hen tlitl the King .Tunics version of tlio
Hlhle. llrsl appear'.'
Answers to Yesterday's Quiz
1 An oriel window Is a large windowed
polygonal recess projecting usually
from the upper story
'1. Tim anemone, also called wind flower,
tokos Its name from Anemone, daugh
ter of the wind, In Hreek mythology
,1 Von Hi thriiann llollweg was chant ellor
of Cirtnnny lit the outbieah of thu
woi Id war.
1. MoinboiH of the House of Hcpiesciila
lives mv elected for two years
G. Alii ahum Lincoln was lifty-slx year1 old
at the time of assassination.
0. North America was dlscovried In 1107
oni) year before South Aiueilca. lii
tlio first Instance Cabot vvna tbu ilia
coveier; In the necontl, Columbus
7 June Austin vviote "I'rldo und Preju
dice "
8 Apollyon was the nngol of tlio bottomless
pit mentioned In Uevolatlon Ix, 1 I i
Is intioduccd Into Hunyaii's "Tim Pil
grim's Piogress," and bus 11 tenlhlo
combat with Clulstlnn
9. Iloilo Is the second lmgcst city In t)0
Phllipplnu Islands
Id John .lacob Astor, Iho founder of ln
Astor fortunes, was a native or (in
inmiv He was bom In thu vlllagn of
Wnlldnif, near Heidelberg, In 17B3
Twenty years later he cinlgiulcd to
v Amcrluu, , - . . .
is-Us ....
.J -- ''.. -s-s.
SHORT CUTS
Adjourning is the easiest thing ,1 J
lnture does.
Peihnps the man who says nntluns
sows wootl is trying to get nhond of tli'
barons.
Who shall father legislation in Hat
luirg.' (.mom the vare-llrowii ran
Never Moore .
If desire for peace won't put nn mil
competitive armament, economic lire!-
.will do the job later.
Itelhmaiiu-IInllvveg having been cfl
lively damned with faint praise, ihe v
may now proceed to forget liiiu
The system which makes it pii..ilili
1 ich men only to leprcsent the I niteil St:
abroad is an expensive brand of dollar ili
mucy.
The Clem field miner eishti nne j
old who makes SO." 11 week sit his tr:
doubtless hopes to bettor hinisilf m Iho 1
few year.
One thing reconciles us to the farm
plans to boost their profits When I
make a lot of money more people will
to work 011 the farms.
When Senntor I'nriih conies to 01
that theie Is nothing 111 hi diariiian.rni
olution antagonistic to the League "f
tions he may seek lo revise it
The Lone Hone has not yet uiUiiiifJl
stnture of the Dollar of Our Daddies
the meat shop and the clothing store -I
that it is growing, siowiy growing
Poihans the nolice should 1111 ' "
who throw rubbish on the streets, but I
moment they do. it will be piuutel miC
they would be better employed 111 :i rt -i
bandits.
Now- thnt the citv hits ilemoii.tiiitr.1
Minerini'ilv over the c oiltniotor svsiiuilDI
mutter of'clconine the streets, the 'mril
disposul of street sweepings is 11, e ncvni
iu ortler.
Fnllier Ponn owes so null i ' '""
his legislators feel that 11 few 1I0II111- J
or less won't make nny different 0 vvlml
probably why thev are taking ,1 SI-1"!
vacation.
The reticence that clings 1 1 onti
nud Cninnboll suggests the thought muM
a cinch that the man who evolved lie nfl
ism. "Least said, soonest nieiiie I
"spilled the beans."
Atlniille Citv ninii coinnl.lllls tiiil'l
wife pasted his uhcnsheil checks for ker J
... i 11.. ,.r !.,. l,..i.... ,.,n, i
poll. Oil III" omn 111 livt inii'n " I
so many members of the Alinuinv Ci
like to sutler l rum ins compininc
The censure of Councilman (lain b'l
Women s t 11 1 ot (ieriliailtow 11 lor in
of Mayor .Moon not only reads a 'J H
but. since the women now nnve im
lias the necessary authority 04C Ulc.
flnn of tin, women ' liilesllieil ill '
111101 Pleas Court hail her sewing w "
lestcnlay. In just It little while Hip
ining up of 11 learned judge will he no
paiili d by the meiry t lick of l.nittm, """
Fntiielv npait from the mot '""Im
nspoits of the t use anil soieiv " "
nie lovers of common things use ""
1 ,.,.1 utoou iiml tiriiiips noil nlatltuil'
lejoice to le'urii that dandelions ami I'M
aie blooming in .vinssacuuseu
. . . ...,lr
Sir Arthur cumin nnvie iim
lieves lu the existence ot fnll'ies but I".
.1 .. l. .!,,, I, tirrfinlieil Sir lit!1'
iiii' oni.. i","",'."',' "; , t,t
slllv ; not lor neiieviug 11 "I"'",, -
wanting to nhotogrnph them M'J r"
sordid materia! of n joyous spirit
. , 1... ,! h
'fills is 1111 age 01 iininoiiuii. in'' ;
ndvenliiious men. says lllshop i',
This is perhaps not so serious as It Mi
t. 1 . I. ..1.1 ,..l..,,l,,.,,u men W'htl I1111UC e
11 IS UOIII, llllt llll.iu'," ,,,., ' .
less possible. Though there is immoral,
the world, there is perhaps 110 inine
there ever was. Human nature i l 1 'r
V; ... , 1.. ..in ......i It, ,110111 fi'
milium itive is sun ""- ; 1
still respond in i.iiiuiv impulses
older generation, us ever, is Pone
Mtler iiuiuoial every deparliiie fiom I"' '
volitional, anii in iiiugiiuv
portuie from righteousness Mil a '
t II ,!.... 1. 1. .,,!. I lt un Alio S
lllip wen nun 11 hiiiiiim ii'i., 1
lititiilill lialillicc-vviicci nir you'". , "'j
who views with uhirin has a heady
t 1,,. ,,,,, vl,n will later UUIIU
Wtl, U tli IM...I ,, ,,w " --- -
piidc. 1