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EVENING PUBLIC LEDGBR-PHinADELPHlA, EElDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1920
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VIENNA FARES ILL
ASSERTS DR
W
Dlroetor of Phipps Institute
Laboratory Made Ten Days'
Study of Conditions
PRAISES AMERICAN RELIEF
Dr. Pittl A. Lewis, director of lab
oratory of the Henry 1'lilmM Institute,
recently sent nbrund for the conference
of the Notional TnliercnleniR Aocin Aecin Aocin
tlen, spent nbent ten dnys of hla visit
in making a stmlj of conditions in
VIennn.
While belnc primarily interested in
tlie study of tuberculosis, Dr, lvN
tilted that it wns impossible te keep
his attention centered en Hint te the
exclusion of mere general questions'
"There has been some discussion in
merlcnn magazine recently." lie
said, "as te whether the situation in
Austria has been accurately represented
te us. It has, I believe, been rlntly
ntnted by at least one prominent mng
wine writer flint there has been grim
misrepresentation and tlint Viennn to
day Is net much worse off thnn many
ether cTties. I can lay claim te no wide
experience enabling inn te judge of such
matters, and can only say that I np
prnnehed the ritv with an entirely open
mind as te what I was te see
Beggar Ne Mure Common Than Here
"Certainly one's first impression en
leaching Vienna is of a city passing
through a period of depression, but in
110 sense seriously off. People In the
'treets are mere or less unlvernlly
shabbily clad, but people in rags, street
bggars. etc . are no mere common than
in Philadelphia
'"The windows of the shepM are nicely
dressed and there appears te be. at first
i?lit. an nbundance of merchandise.
V few hours of walking about, going
into shop, nskine prices, and looking
ni the same time at what the shops
mntain. serve at enee te correct this
impression. Pictures. Iace. furs, rugs,
tewelry, in n word, nrticlcs of luxury
if nil sorts, are freel displayed.
'In manv instances, though bj no
means in nil, examination shows that
nenrly the whole stock is in the win
dows. Candy appears at first sight te
he abundant, but examination shows
that It is mostly gum and paste, with
ery little sugar, and a thin coating
of a peer quality of chocolate. Feed
m any quantity or of desirable quality
is net displayed in thfl stores, en the
Mdewalk.s, or in the markets, te an
vtent whatever.
Little Oolf Is Played New
"Fairly well-to-de people no lensr
in notice golf or mountain climbiug, but
take a knapsack and go into the coun
try in their off times and try te buy
thing for their families te cat. or te
ell te their neighbors. The actual
Biwi&iwwiwiwafeiteiaiB5
lilt. I'Ath A. LUW1S
Dliecter of lahoraterj of the Hcnr
IMUpps Institute, Mho made n study
of conditions In Menna and sajs
Austrian city Is faring well
method bv whiih people with inenej are
able te buy feed for their funulie for
home consumption, tv sitrii uvtneus
exist, remained n complete mytpr te
me Uiroitgheut my stay. It was ri
dent that much of the, eating was done
in cafes which would, doubtless, be
supplied from wholesale house and
warehouses, and naturally kept up an
appearance of activity whlcliwas r
tainlj deceptne as nu Indication of the
Available feed ipply.
"Pcople en the treett did net appear
te be especially badly nourished. Ou'
has te reflect a little and realize flint
the middle of October at which time
I whs in Vienna Is the end of the
harveit seasen, when the nutrition of
the nblcbedied. independent people in
the city would naturally be at Itw bcM
With this lefieetien it was clear that
people, looked none tee well
"The first day of my in, was a
warm day, and the lack of coal did net
impress Itself upon me. The rest of
my stay wan bltterlv cold and the
statement offered bv thne in a posi
tion te knew that the mal ratieu for
the city, te th first of Apt 11. wa- en
the basis of seven pounds per head Ji"r
day, and that this was available te
private persons enlv tit a high cot and
with considerable uncertainty as te the
actual availability of the supply at nn
particular time led one te appreciate
that it was easy te tule a liustj and
orerfaverable view of anv such situa
tion at first.
Conditions .Moderately OeihI
' On the whole, one quickly acquired
the conviction that iimditieas nt thu
moment were moderately geed J that the
amount of rxtrome suffering, In ether
words, during the particular two week
that I was there, was minimum, but
that this was becauae of the fact that
it was just at the end of the summer
season when thingrt wcre nt their best,
nnd because, even through the summer
season, there had been continued a
great deal of assistance from outside.
"It has been the policy of the Amer
icans te sec that the Austrian workers
connected with their organization arc
well fed. This is absolutely necessary
as nn administrative matter in order
te avoid pilfering nnd the surreptitious
use of feed. It is iu Itself n sufllcient
incentive, se that they arc able te
secure the most careful nnd conscien
tious from nmeng the Austrian te
carry out their work. Almest any one
in Austria today is especially well off
if he can get a job about n hotel or
any place where feed is handled. That
is in itBclf. I think, a sufficient com
mentary en the actuality of the situa
tion. Account Fer All Feed
"The work of the American relief ad
ministration is se managed that every
pound of feed they take into the coun
try is accounted for. It In net only
accounted for as having been given te
some one, but it Is ncceuntcd for in the
sense that some one connected with the
organization has prepared it in a pal
atable form without waste, nud has
actually seen It eaten by the person te
whom It Is given.
"Thern: reports arc kept nnd checked
and clnsiiilcd in much the same way
that I .should imogine the iVansfers and
c.M'hnnccs en the 1. 11. T. must be ac
counted for, with the result thnt if a
feed ship fails te arrim as per schedule
and it Ik necessary for u given week,
or a irlven mouth, te reduce the amount
of feed which can be supplied te llie
children as a whole, it is known exactly
which children are best able te spare
it. nnu action is tiucen en this basis.
"The feed is given in the shape of
one meal n day, se constructed as te
contain .ill the essential elements of a
well-balanced diet; the total amount Is
about iOO calories, which Is approxi
mately one-third of that which is neces
sary for complete maintenance It is
probably sutlicient for temporary main
tenauee ever short periods.
Ixxds After Child's Welfare
"Rvery efferi' is being made te sec
that tlie paints or, when tills Is impos
sible, ether agencies de their full duty
1 the children nnd mi p ply thu ether
two-thirds of their actual requirement
This effort is fairly successful. I was
able te satisfy myself of the effective
nets of this a? stem by visits te the feed
ing stations. At the time of my visits
te these stations it was cold (five te
fun degrees below freezing i. a few of
the children were baro-foeted, a few
were ragged, vcrv few were dcllnitcl.v
warmly clothed. It was stated that
iue.it of the clothing was a shipment
of i-ecend-hnnd clothing from America;
that fihipmcnts of heavier clothing and
uf shoes iV supplj the lemainder of the
children wcre expected momentarily.
"The American Relief Administra
tion is feeding about 3. "0.000 children
In Vienna and about the same number
In Austria outside of Vienna.
"Ner are the Americans by ens means
doing all the relief work being dene in
Austria, The KngUMi Society of
Friends has undertaken te leek after
the necd of the children who nre below
the age of six years. Most of their
money Is raised in England, but they
hare the assistance of the American
Friends te a couildernblo extent. The
organisatien It EngUih ; their system of
feed distribution is utcewarily differ
ent. "Because of the ajts of the children
the feed must be sent Inte the home,
nud It Is qulte Impossible te distribute
feed In this way se economically or se
efficiently as by the feeding station sys
tem, which I employed by the Ameri
can relief administration. It la the
universal belief there that the work Is
being ng carefully done bi is possible,
and that It Is highly efficient and de
serving of support In very way.
Mcsi for University Professors
"As a further commentary en the
situation it may be noted that the
American rcllef odmlnlstratlen la run
ning a mess for 200 of the university
profei.sers. There is supplied te them
the same 700-calery meal a day that l
given te the children. Arrangements
have bcen made through Austrian
sources be that for a nominal sum the
professors nre able te acquire coffee
and dessert nnd retain a measure of
seU-rcspect. I U-nch'ed nt the mui hall
etic day and found that the Arrange
ments were most comfortably nnd tact
fully carried out.
'Of course, under the conditions pre
vailing, tuberculosis lins greatly in
creased In Vienna. Figures which arc
nvailable show this clearly. It Is un
questionably true thnt they would hnve
been much worse except for the fact
that the population has been se much
assisted from outside.
' Sufficient work has been done by
nil concerned se that the exact rela
tienship between the conditions that
have prevailed since the armistice nnd
the character of tuberculosis during the
same period will become a matter of
accepted record and should prove te be
very Instructive, In the future for all
who nre Interested In the fundamental
aspects of tuberculosis control.
Itellef Weflt Mere, Efficient
"The work of the American Relief
Administration is probably the most
ettlcient charity that nan ever been oper
ated en a large scale when looked at
from the American point of view. The
money given in America is used te bu
feed and te transport it, The adminis
trative ferce paid for from thu funds Is
very small. Tstlmated en the basis
of feed actually laid down in eastern
Europe, at least ninety-five cents of
every dollar teaches the children's
stomachs.
"The American Relief Administra
tion quarters of every kind nre marked
bv the American flag. The flag hangs
lu main of the kitchens nud dinlug
rooms. The Austrians I met were most
himerely appieclative of what is being
done for their children and of the tact
ful, helpful and efficient way In which
it is being done, The children sing the
Stiir Spangled llauurr and Suwanee
Uhcr as well us school children In our
own country.
' New my idea is thnt we have every
reason te be proud of thin work and te
bellee that it is building the best kiud
of American influence abroad in a
fundamental way. Whatever Mt
Hoever needs te carry out his work
should be gien him."
jr -W I H ti
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'6
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