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JPUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY
y crnua n. ic. cinvna,! rimtersT
Charini II. Ludlnaien, Vlca President: Jehn O.
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iVi" EDiTeniAt, noAnet
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The Brxxise Pcilie Lrnem ! icmd te sub
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' Dr mall te points eutalds of Philadelphia. In
tha United Statu. Canada, or United Htatea pea.
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Six (10) dellara ier year, pisrabl In advanc.
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All rightii of republication ef special dlspatchet
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V, FMIillphii, ?lurij, N..,nih.r 27, 1)20
A FOUn.1T.AR PROGRAM FOB.
PHILADELPHIA
Thlnre en which the people expect the new
adralnletreUen te cencrntrate I la aitentteni
The Iteiaaare river bridge.
A drudeck big enevgh te aerommedate the
largest ehlpt.
iJevelepmrnt of the rapid franjlt trm.
A. convention hall.
A svihflna for the free Library
An Art tlueevm.
Enlargement el the voter tupplu
Hernet te accommodate the population
BE WISE IN TIME
JrvK. PUKUUSirs appeal te parents te
-' give immediate attention te their chil
dren suffering from sere threat or croupy
coughs must be heeded if there is net te be
n alarming increase in the number of cases
t scarlet fever and diphtheria. These dis
eases ere new prevalent among children.
Their preliminary symptoms resemble the
ymptems of a cold se closely that children
in the early contagious stages of the diseases
;re allowed te go te Bchoel and te the
inevics and se communicate the ailments te
ethers.
Cleee co-operation between the parents and
the school teachers ought te check the spread
of the diseases before they become epidemic.
The safe course Is for the parents te consult
-n physician en the first sign of sere threat
and fellow his advice. A little precaution
In time will save the lives of hundreds of
children.
JERSEY FIGHTS
rpHE trolley companies of New Jersey are
TfJ- net te get a ten-cent fare without a
I rigorous pretest from the car riders. Fol
lowing the application of the Trenten and
IMcrcer County Traction Company for per
mission te increase the fare from seven te
(ten cents, arrangements have been made by
the opponents of the increase te hire the
Sbest lawyers they can get te fight the change.
? The Public Service Company has net yet
filled Its application for a ten -cent fare, but
if It does It is likely te be confronted by
itthlMMnn flQ vfcvntfaliti nai fhnr ti-tStrtfi ,. 1
t te abandon Its Bystpm of zone fares In
tfa mf1fn it fnrtr mmttlia tien
!...,... , ,. iwiitiin "ft"
RELOCATING AN MASTERPIECE
TIHE preprietiesare tastefully recognized
in the transfer of the statue of the "I'll
fkrlra Father" from the City Hall plaza te
an effective location in Ftiirmeunt Park.
5 The formal acceptance of the virile Saint
lOaudens work by the Park commissioner!
(yesterday was gracefully in accord with the
wveck of celebration signalizing the tercen
tenary of the landing of the Mayflower colo celo cole
Inlsts at Provincetown en route te Plymouth.
SOne of the finest specimens of sculptural art
Jn Philadelphia is nt last fittingly placed en
tthe East river drive near Sedgley Polut.
1 The Park is the proper environment for
jiuch a commemorative work. Net only was
jit disadvantageous situated against the
background of the City Hnll, but Its rignlfi
jrance was apart from the historic atmosphere
Jwlth which the municipal center Is Investrd.
; The plaza, te be ideally adorned If ndorn ndern
jnent be necessary should im-mnriallze local
"or state history. Bostetilnns presumably ad
xnlre Wlllinin Penn, but they are unlikely te
register their feelings en this subject by
'.tributes in stone or bronze in the vicinity of
the historic Common.
The sculpture in Fairmount Park is of
Ecncral and varied appeal. The sturdy
. Pilgrim Father graces nn attractive scene
LBnd without offense te consistency.
, AS WOMAN TO WOMAN
THE appointment of Mrs. Anna D. Bates
ns one of the voting ns.sessers in the
'Twenty-sixth ward sugge-ts a policy well
worthy of judicious expansion. If the work
of listing the electors demands no highly
ripeciallzed abilities, It does undoubtedly call
for tact, diligence and sympathetic under
litandlng. . Somewhat flustered by the novel responsi
bilities of the franchise, numbers of I'hila
"ilelphln women refused te give their names
jre male a'iesMrs engaged in'cempiling their
Jlst Immediately prier te the first registration
day a few months age. In ninny Instances
he assessors Impassively accepted the situa
tion and departed.
Women canvashers dealing with their own
,iex are unlikely te retire without ut lra-.t
Heme pertinent discussion and perhaps illu
mination of the subject. "It will take."
llcclares Mrs. Bates, "women assessors te
Bet out the women's vote en election days."
Her observation Is worth heeding by the
,county commissioners, who are authorized
,te appoint the Toting assessors without dis
tinction of sex.
f "THE MYSTERIES OF PARIS"
fpHEUE Is scant evidence te prove that the
iuterest of the American people In the
fictual text of the pence treaty has been in
rnse. Champions of the pact of Versailles
Jiave felt eggrleved because careful readers
if a momentous document have been com
paratively few, while the nlleged treaty
Vreckers have gleefully advertised such In-
illfference.
Beth parties te n prolonged debate seem
f " i.V kaT0 m'N'";(, n l,0'nt bearing almost as
V 1 i "ierueh upon the highly respected constitution
,f the United States as en the Instrument
$rnmed at Paris te reconstruct the world.
' rt.. ..Ural rnnntltiilien. be it said In all
reverence, is heavy reading. Ah Illumined
rtty such experts as Jay, Madisen and Ham Ham
lilten In the Federalist papers, the funda
iinental charter of the republic exercisea a
i idlfferenf appeal.
' si' HV7 potent this may be was demonstrated
k - ;J'iiirn; the constitutional ratification enm
Ot.n, when the three most brilliant and
fSj ' V Nfkful propagandists In our history com-
1.1 iV ''TSrV.-nf(illlli.a In a masterly Achieve
1 mtnt. The Inside workings of the censtltu-iai-fct
. . .
nuuui conTeniiens were, newevcr, net Known
for ninny years. The sessions were secret.
LenR after the event the diary of one of the
New Yerk delegates revealed a portion of the
intimate truth, but even today the story Is
-incomplete.
If nothing quite resembling the Federalist
has grown out of the peace-treaty situation,
the mystcTy of Paris is nt least far mere
penetrable than the mystery of Philadelphia.
The series of fifteen talks, te be riven under
the auspices of the Ptinue Lr.neF.n In the
"restored foyer of the Academy of Music, will
bring forward some of the chief American
participants in the deliberations at the Qtiat
d'Orsny.
The list includes Colonel K. M. Heuse,
General Tesker II. Miss, Douglas Jehnsen,
chief of the division en boundaries; Isaiah
llowmen, chief territorial adviser; David
Hunter Miller, legal adviser, and ether spc
clatlsts, Herbert Hoever, whose knowledge
of the European situation is accepted re
whole-heartedly by the public, is also te
speak.
"What Iteally Happened ut Paris" is the
nlluring general title of these confessions.
There Is a chance that these revelations may
start a new interest in the conclusions
weightily formulated in the peace treaty and
league covenant.
ANOTHER AMBASSADOR OFF
FOR THE LATIN AMERICAS
Why Secretary Celby Will Start Tomor
row Over Ways Traveled In the
Past by Mr. Reet and Mr. Knox
TT IS as nn antidote te Senater Fall and
- his friends and Mr. Hearst and ethers
who ardently believe that Mexico ought te
be cleansed by fire; as a bearer of verbal
unguents for the feelings of Iatln Americans
who have been irritated or made distrustful
by our occasional errors of word or act in
Mexico, In San Dominge, in Haiti and else
where, thnt Secretary Celby will leave
Hampton Bends in a battleship next week
for a tour in Seuth America.
Mr. Celby has no easy Jeb ahead of him.
On both sides of the line that splits the
American continent there are innumerable
people who, for various reasons, will de their
utmost te make it difficult or even hopeless.
Mr. Knox and Mr. Beet were secretaries of
state who visited the southern republics en
missions precisely similar te Mr. Celby's.
They, tee, were emissaries of geed will and,
speaking for the people of the United States,
they sought te establish a new solidarity of
understanding and sympathy among the
democratic peoples en this side of the earth.
But the currents of unfriendly sentiment,
generated by accidental frictions and from
inherited suspicions that are almost as per
sistent in some Seuth American areas ns
climate and language, flowed steadily
against the United States despite nil that
Mr. Knox and Mr. Beet could de or say.
Better results could hardly have been ex
pected. Fer one traveling secretary of state
there were thousands of hidden propagan
dists, thousands of voices raised te keep old
hatreds alive, thousands of men engaged in
the intrigue by which various European In
terests sought te complicate governmental
and trade relations between the United
States and Its neighbors.
There are groups In this country which
dedicate themselves te the perpetuation of
enmities among the various American re
publics. But their work Isn't se easy ns it
used te be.
The spectacle of a President-elect nnd a
secretary of state hobnobbing simultaneously
with the Latin Americans ought te be re
assuring. But the, difficulties of Mr. Celby's
errand can be best appreciated by n study
of some of the incidents of Mr. Harding's
trip. The President-elect started south for
a rest. He wished above nil else te go
quietly nnd te avoid anything that might be
viewed as 'a significant Incident."
The Mexican border Is alive with un
official diplomatists and forever unquiet be
cause of unofficial diplomacy. Senater Fall,
of New Mexico, was responsible for what
seemed like an Invitation extended by the
president-elect of Mexico te the President
elect of the United States, who was asked
te uttend the Inaugural at Mexico City In
December. There were various and clearly
obvious rensens why such an Invitation
could net be accepted. Se Sir. Fall must be
blamed for n situation that first compelled
the decline of what appeared te be a gra
cious invitation Issued In the name of the
Mexican people and then brought from
Obregon himself n somewhat testy assertion
thnt no formal Invitation was issued.
Even se tactful a man as Mr. Harding
found the way crowded with unexpected
difficulties ns he approached the border.
Let us be fair te Mr. Fall and men who
reason as he does.
Immediately ever the Mexican border they
sec a smiling, Indolent and Improvident pee
pic in possession of a wilderness that con
ceals unimaginable riches below an almost
untouched surface. They sec a nation in
poverty because it Is seemingly without the
energy te achieve prosperity by a little tell,
and they knew a great many ambitious Mexi
cans who believe with them that ttfe strong
hand nnd the practical disposition of the
northern organizer are necessary te put
Mexico en Its feet and give it a real start
in life.
But there is u simple rule, new almost
universally recognized among nations, which
grants te all people a right te de as they
please with their own. Inte the question of
our relations with Mexico there must always
enter the question of one nation's right te
direct the internal affairs of another na
tion. Thnt question is recognized broadly
by the American people as something mere
or less abstract, But it happens te be the
root of all Latin -American thinking when
the United States and its policies ,are under
consideration.
Te the people of many of the southern re
publics, who have been for generations under
the tutelage of adroit Europeans hungry for
trade nnd ether advantages, we continue te
be The (Ireat Power te the North n mys
terious power with a .mood for expansion of
the sort under which small governments arc
trampled down.
Brazil and the Argentine de net nisess
our motives In nrcerduuee with our nttltudc
or behavior toward them When they are
in doubt about our metUes they listen te
what we say nnd observe what we de in
Mexico.
What enlightened Mexicens themselves
think nnd what they say te the peoples
further south wus clearly apparent nt the
greut conference called in Mr. Wilsen's first
administration te bring a peace of under
standing between the people of Mexico nnd
ourselves. Mexico was represented nt that
conference by men of culture and long ex
perience In the affairs of orderly govern
ment. They were devoted, Intelligent men
who had pnssed through the best universi
ties nnd technical schools In this country nnd
Europe. They were men of The world.
Franklin K. Lane, the chief representative
of the government of the United States,
found that no argument, no proof, no pro
testations of friendship could convince these
otherwise reasonable and friendly men that
there was net in the mind of the people and
the leaders of this country n fixed resolution
te Invade Mexico oenor or later and iakti
4 e invai
A
'EVENING- PUBLIC LEDGER -
away its richest areas for the sake of geld,
silver and oil.
That is an inherited belief among many
Mexicans, It Is an obsession that rises and
spreads like a barrier between the two
halves of the American continent and does
most te turn Lntln-Amcrtcan sympathy and
Latin-American trade away from the United
States.
New, Latin America as a whole represents
a tremendously potent moral and material
force in the reordered world. It is mode up
for the most part of virile nnd aspiring re
publics thnt can beast limitless culture,
limitless, ability, limitless natural resources
and a devotion te democratic ideals quite an
conspicuous as our own. If halt of the
American continent has turned te Europe for
its culture, Its educational forms and finan
cial and commercial guidance ; if in the tc
ccnt war wc were in danger of having active
enemies en this side of the world before the
stupid nnd brutal policy of Germany wns
developed te a degree that caused a rcvul rcvul
tden of civilized opinion everywherc, It Is
because tjic people in the United States have
been content te view the people of Seuth
America as strangers even while they went
te infinite trouble te understand ether pee
ples a world away.
Every small disturbance in a Latin
American republic, every Fertle of every
small bandit has been made te appear in the
United States like a true revelation of Seuth
American life. Of the real power of these
southern republics, of their nrj and their
riches and their fine civilization the average
man in the streets of the United States knows
nnd cares little or nothing
Te Seuth America wc had been sending,
the rawest amateurs in diplomacy, the
sharpest traders, the most cynical exploiters.
Lately there has been a change for the better
in our business and governmental policies.
But Germany and Britain, France and
Spain have bad a long start en us. Men who
represent European commercial interests in
Latin America arc trained and flexible
minded experts. The shrewdest emissaries
of kalserism worked their will for a genera
tion in the southern republics. German
bankers, who were te be found everywhere,
were only n shade less clever and quite as
devoted te the expanding fatherland as the
accredited ministers of Wilheltn's govern
ment. Seuth America was and still is filled with
German pianos, German automobiles, Euro
pean machinery, European locomotives, elec
tric light plants and the like. That Is net
by any means the worst of It. Seuth Amer
ica was tilled with sympathy for the Euro
pean countries, which it regarded as its
friends. The United States was the Great
Alien Power.
The hope of an integrated America, of
American peoples nnd governments animated
by common aims and aspirations, of a whole
continent justifying nnd upholding the prin
ciples of democracy, has stirred successive
Presidents of the United States te great
efforts.
That is why secretaries of state travel
south.
THE FIGHT FOR OIL
WHETHER he knows It or net, every
motorcar owner Is vitally interested in
the fight of Secretory Celby te prevent mo
nopolistic exploitation of the oil fields in
Mexico and SIcsopetamia.
In Mexico he Is Insisting en the rescinding
of the confiscatery decrees made under au
thority of Article XXVII of the revised
Mexican constitution, and in Mesopotamia
he is demanding thnt the conditions under
which the United States representatives
ngTecd te the mandate previsions in the peace
treaty be fulfilled.
Agreement was reached en the mandate
plan after a long discussion, in which the
Importance of preventing any nation from
getting exclusive control ever the economic
resources of the territory had been stressed.
There was te be an open deer nnd freedom of
opportunity te all the nations participating
in the victory, if net te all the nations of the
world.
As te Mesopotamia, Secretary Celby has
asked that the terms of the Mesopetnmlnn
mandate be submitted te the United States
before its final form Is definitely fixed. He
asserts the right of the United States te be
consulted, net ns a party te the treaty, but
as a party te the war out of which the man
date system has sprung. His pretest Is made
because of the report that plans were under
way te ratify the Mesopetamlan oil conces
sions made by Turkey without inquiry Inte
the validity of these concessions. He de
mands in the interest of American oil con
sumers, which include the American navy
as well as American industries nnd motorcar
owners, that the opportunity te explore and
develop the petroleum resources of the world,
wherever found, should be freely extended
without discrimination.
If wc, had ratified the peace treaty, Mr.
Celby would occupy a stronger strategic po
sition from which te carry en his fight; but
It is fortunate for American interests that
he can back his pretests by the assertion of
the right of this country ns one of these
which contributed te the victory te be con
sulted in the settlement of the economic ques
tions arising out of it.
In Mexico he is very properly using the
desire of the Obregon government for recog
nition ns the lever with which te force the
Mexicans into the position he wishes them
te occupy. The Carranzlsta revlsleu of the
constitution permitted the seizure of oil
lands which had been granted te concession
aires. This change in the fundamental law
wns defended during the debates in the con
stitutional convention nn the ground that it
would make It possible te force the foreigners
who had obtained oil land for a small price
te disgorge what were described as their Ill
gotten gains.
Pretest against the iniquity of Article
XXVII has been made by England and
France ns well as by the United States. It
is net likely that any of these powers will
recognize the Mexican Government se long
ns this article remains in the constitution.
Its iniquity Is admitted by a large party of
enlightened men in Mexico itself. When it
Is repealed the development of the oil fields
can be continued, te the relief of every con
sumer of petroleum and its by-products.
WOOD ALCOHOL
THE Brooklyn uadertakcr from whom the
weed alcohol was obtained which caused
the death of 100 persons In Connecticut and
Massachusetts lest Christmas has been con
victed of stealing the stuff nnd sentenced te
from three nnd a half te beven years' im
prisonment. The sentence is inadequate, but it may be
thnt it was impossible) te connect him di
rectly with the deaths. A man who sells
weed alcohol te be drunk Is ns guilty of
manslaughter as though he poured any ether
poison down the threat of a human being.
Weed alcohol is eh deadly as strychnine
or urussic acid. There are persons who go
se far aB te insist that its use In the arts
should be forbidden. Its fumes cause blind
ness if the eyes ere long exposed te them.
Painters using, it te cut shellac have lest
their sight. If it is te be used at all, such
safeguards should be placed about its sale
that no one may get it without full knewl-
l.c3e of Its poisonous nature.
k
r
PHL'AI)El,PHi:A SA.TU&B&Y, .NOYEMBER-27,
RACING AND RELIGION
A Suggestion for the Sesqulcenten
nlat fireat Religious Werk of
University students Seme
Characteristics of Rob Reb
ert McAfee
By GEOUGK NOX McCAIN
HC. HARBACH, of Gcrmontewn, hnR
e the red bleed of the true sportsman
running full in his veins. He is an expert
of- the track.
Net the track followed by Man O' Wnr
and the long line of his predecessors the
racing stable In harness and out, but the
track that would make Mr. Riddle's splendid
speedster leek like a plodder.
I mean the wide but sinuous read of the
auto racers; the breed that shares with air
men the pride of being the swiftest Tsc'crs
en earth.
Nobody who witnessed the Fnlrmeunt
Ferk automobile races of 1008-00-10 can
ever forget them. I wns one of the thrilled
tens of thousands that bordered the gray
roadside and watched the mcteor-llke ma
chines flash by, turn and disappear in en
veloping clouds of dust.
There was excitement, fear nnd inspiration
in every recurring moment. -
Mr. Harbach was in a large way the
directing genius of these events. He was
secretary of the Fairmount Park races.
The secretary Is always the official who
shoulders the burden of work and worry.
And Mr. Harbach had his share.
HE IS new right up in the front with n
suggestion of "Initial velocity" for the
sesquicentennlnl automobile races that will
challenge the world; contests in Fairmount
Park in that yenr of our Lord 1020 that will
attract international racemen nnd even pale
the memories of the former decade.
Mr. Harbach suggests that these auto
races or contests be given under the auspices
of the city of Philadelphia through Uic De
partment of Public Safety. They would, of
course, be given with the permission of the
lalrmeunt Park Commission In co-operation
with the Automobile Trade Association and
all the local meter clubs.
The sanction of the American automobile
associations nnd the Automobile Club of
America would be ebtnlned. An for the
proceeds, they could go for the benefit of
the police, firemen and Fairmount Park
guard pension funds. A wise and beneficent
suggestion.
The great scoreboard of the Quaker City
Moter Club's third 200-mile race in October,
1010, in phptegraphlc reproduction, is ene
of Secretary Harbach'u cherished memen
toes of that event.
The idea is big with interesting possi
bilities. AFTER n while these citizens who have
been Indifferent te or Ignorant of the
fnct thnt Philadelphia Is biggest in some of
the grcnt things of our times will nwaken
with a Jelt te a realization of the fact.
Here s a new nddltlen te the long list thnt
the Evkninh Puiilie Ledeeh has been pub
lishing In the last nine months.
Philadelphia has the most comprehensive
Christian student organization in the world.
Its official title Is "The Christian Asso
ciation in the University of Pennsylvania."
It is a great, big, earnest, helpful, Inspira
tion organization that Is doing a work
whose results cannot be estimated in geld
and whose influence actually reaches te the
uttermost ends of the rnrth.
It Is officered and operated by students.
There arc ndvlsery beards, te be sure, with
secretaries nnd church representatives ; but
the actual organization is run by under
graduates. It represents officially, by ordained minis
ters employed en Its staff, by representatives
en Its beard of directors and by student offi effi
cers. the five great evangelical denominations
of the world, viz;
The Northern Baptist Convention, the
United Lutheran Church In America, the
Methodist Episcopal Church North, the
Presbyterian Church In the United States of
America aud the Pretestan. Episcopal
Church.
HERE are some of the things it decs:
It brings te the University the best
si-curable speakers en social and religious
themes, the best vocntlenal experts nnd the
most experienced guides In personal prob
lems; Works constantly In conjunction with local
churches in the Interest of the students;
Trains nnd sends out students In. religious
groups te nearby communities;
Secures remunerative employment without
charge te hundreds of undergraduates each
year ;
Leans text-books te them at nominal cest:
Provides entertainments In homes nnd re
ceptions ;
Conducts a University Heuse in a con
gested Seuth Philadelphia district;
Maintains a University camp nt Green
I. a ne ; '
.lc.2te?. an international students' house
at .UM. Spruce street, where young men
from every foreign land are entertained-
It supports three missionaries in China
aud India.
And It does nil this without any rnttlc of
drums or spread-eagle campaigns, In the
most quiet nnd unostentatious wuy imag
inable. h
THE religious preferences of the student
body show that there are In attendance
nt the University 884 Presbyterians fi'iJt
Episcopalians. 620 Methodists? 343 Luther
ansj -In! Baptists.
'Ihe number of Reman Catholics is 802
nnd of Jews 740.
There arc also seven Mormons, two Bud
dhists two Greek Catholics, ene Armeninn,
one Hindu nnd one Mohammedan.
Tweuty-five of the largest industrial nnd
commercial corporations nnd firms in this
city lend their co-operation te the work.
They leek upon it us u geed investment.
1 hey regard it ns n means net only of
Bpreading the gospel of Christianity, but the
gospcKef high American Ideals.
It's a wonderful work.
ROBERT McAFEFs name has figured
conspicuously during the last few weeks
in the various conferences of state leaders
held In this city and In Harrlsburg.
lie is known as the governor-maker. He
gained the title because te him mere than
any one else Jehn K. Tcner owed his elec
tion as Governer.
Before that time, however. In 1010 Mr
McAfee had served as commissioner of bank
ing under appointment by Governer Penny
pucker. Subsequently he was made secretary
of the commonwealth, and reappointed under
Governors hdwin S. Stuart and Jehn K
Tener.
In many respects Mr. McAfee is n re
murkablc man. He Is nn Irishman of
County Antrim. He came te this country
a peer boy fifty-one years age. and went te
work in the steel mills of Oliver Bres. &
Phillips. He married the sister of United
States Senater Geerge L. Shoup, of Idaho
who died some years age. She was a bril
liant and cultured woman.
Through all the vicissitudes of hlR political
life Rebert McAfee has been a stanch and
loyal adherent of the Olivers of Pittsburgh
He helped te make Geerge T. Oliver
United States senator. New he is helping
te fight the battles of the third generation
of the family.
His faithfulness is akin te the Old World
feudal loyalty that knew no weakening in
success or adversity.
Easy Come, Easy Ge
Frem the Concordia (Kan.) Ulade-Ernplre.
The hardest job in the wheat belt this sea sea
seu was te keep the harvest participants
from running off and Jeiulng one of these
widely advertised tours te Europe.
Restraint
rrem tha New Yerk Herald.
The shipping beard paid $101 te put an
eighty-three-cent hlngein a galley deer. It
is only fair te Bay, however, thut net mere
than two men were detailed te keeping the
binge eilpd.
Ne Relief Left
Frem the Portland Praia.
Four years nge the defeated candidates
could drewu their sorrows, "but they can't
tyea aq.fjiui. tvuaja.
i
NOW MY IDEA IS THIS!
Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphia en Subjects They
Knew Best
DR. LEON LEGRAIN
On Ancient Babylonian Civilizations
ABETTER understanding by the general
public of the undent Babylonian civili
zations, net as nrcheoleglcal mysteries but as
civilizations pretty much like ours of today,
is urged by Dr. Leen I.egraln. rurater of the
Babylonian section of the University Mu
seum. Dr. I.egrnin recently gave up his profes
sorship In the University of Paris te take up
his duties here. a
If any one has the idea that these duties
are light he hns only te visit Dr. Lcgrnln's
eflice te reallre his mistake. The University
Museum possesses the famous collection of
tablets unenrthed from the ruins of Nippur.
There nre l.l.OOO tablets nnd It is Dr. Ln
graln's task te translate, nrrangc nnd record
these tablets in their proper sequence, a work
which is probably new no mere than half
completed.
"Philadelphia, probably mere than any
ether city In the United Stntes. should he in
terested in the discoveries in this grent lanel
of ancient civilizations," dcclnred Dr. Le
grain, "since it was tin expedition sent out
hy the University of Pennsylvania nnd this
Museum that made what are probably the
most Important of all archeological discov
eries, that of the Nippur tablets. Alse the
collection right here in the Museum easily
runks with, if net above, these great collec
tions in the Leuvre nnd the British Museum.
First Excavations by French
"The first great exenvntiens were made by
the French, principally under the direction of
51. de Snrze, between 1S77 nnd 18S1 In nnd
around the ruins of Lngas, nlse cnlled Tclle,
which Is about 1.10 miles southwest of Ba'g
dad. The French also, at a later prried,
made important discoveries In the mountains
te the cast of the city of Susa.
"The Germans made explorations in the
lands further north and also in the city of
Babylon, which is nlinest In the center of
this grcnt plain between the rivers Euphrates
and Tigris. The land, generally known ns
Babylonia, should mere properly be termed,
in its archeological phase, Sumcrin, or the
land of the Sumt'i'lans, as differentiated from
the Akkadians, te the north.
"One of the grent features of the excava
tions In this land has been the almost ceitnln
proof that these two peoples were of differ
ent races, the Akkadians being Semitic,
direct ancestors of the Jews, and the Sume
rlans of some ether race net finally deter
mined. Babylon does net nppear In the
records until the year 2000 B. C. hut the
tablets here, dealing with various groups of
the Rumerlnns, carry us uninterruptedly
back te nearly 4000 B. C.
Dynasties Net Enduring
"In these very ancient days there were no
long enduring dynasties like these of Babylon
or Assyria or Persia. One city or one group
of people would held dominance for n short
period, perhaps only a hundred years, and
would then be conquered nnd overcome.
Among these brief-lived centers were Lagas,
Ur, Urak and perhaps a score of ethers.
"Nippur was net n political entity but a
religious city something like Mecca, holy
city of the Mehammedans, It endured ns the
various city powers rose and fell. The
shrines and temples of the ancient gods were
there, and the various rulers of the conquer
ing cities took geed care te protect Nippur
from nil harm. This is the reason that the
tablets unenrthed by the Pennsylvania ex
pedition In Nippur are se very important.
They give us the records of nil the cities,
end carry us further back than nny ether
known records.
"There seems te be some doubt as te just
what these tablets contain which makes them
se Important te nrcheoleglsts. On them nre
found mere than a mere listing of the kings,
although such data are found in complete
form. We have the vnrleus subjects treated
en the tablets listed and they include pol
itics, business, religion, education, arts,
astrology nnd many ethers.
Treaties Like Modern Ones
"Treaties just ns complete and as com
plex as that of Versailles are found detailed
en thu tablets; psalms, hymns and prayers,
forming a complete and elaborate form of
worship, arc included ; an outlined system
of education that might contain suggestions
net amiss for the Beard of Education here
is described.
"These peoples knew the arts, tee. Their
lltcrature contains epic poems detailing the
adventures of great heroes and praising the
gods. They had statues, tee. which, whlle
stiff and wooden like all art of the old days,
are remarkable considering the circum
stances. "Their methods of banking nnd gencrnl
business details are explained te us fully bv
the tablets. We knew that geld, silver anil
corn were three forms of currency and that
ir banks .accepted ucppsittt pi corn, ,-and
1920
.
THE 'CAPTAIN AND THE MUTINEERS .
jlenlj: In corn ns readily ns in metals. The
latter were vnltied en their weight and were
merely masses of geld or silver, as the case
might be. The ratio of their values was
about one te six, which shows n much
smaller value for geld In relntlen te silver
than new exists. The coins of the day, or
rnther the names given te the masses of
metal, were the pound, the shekel and the
talent, familiar te us in biblicnl study.
Ne Prohibition Then
"There was no prohibition in these years
around 2000 B. C. Wine was a common
beverage and the people even made a sort of
beer. The wine, besides being made from
the mere usual fruits, wns sometimes con
cocted from dates. Wc find en one tablet
the interesting item that the women who
kept public houses in these days and this
seemed te be a woman's work were watched
very closely by the police.
"The uomen were held strictly respon
sible for any rioting or disorder in their
houses and if convicted were thrown in the
nearest river with a stone tied around their
neck. It is evident that although the
Sumerlans did net oppose drinking they
would net tolerate what is generally known
in our courts ns 'disorderly conduct.
" '.Tnz.' may have been known te these
nncients : nt nny rate iuubIc was favored by
them and formed n part of their everyday
life. They had the bagpipe and the harp, as
well ns some ether instruments net clearly
Identified. The records nlse state that they
made music by clapping their hands.
"One feature of our modern civilization
wns, however, practically unknown te the
Sumerlans nnd Akkadlnns. That was 'bol 'bel
shcvlsm' or 'radical' tendencies. Their
kings. In nddltlen te having jmlltical power
and distinction, had n sort of religious aspect
as direct ngents of the gods. They ruled
by the well-known 'divine right' and their
weid wns law.
"Taken as a whole, In that they tell us se
many, many things, open up new fields and
shed new lights en such great, mysterious
fundamentals as thp creation and the flood,
these records and tablets are, in a scientific
or nrcheoleglcal sense, of the highest im
portance. We must nlse come te realize that
they arc equally important in displaying t
us a wonderful civilization, whose men nnd
women lived nnd acted much as we de, from
whom wc have obtained many of our every
day customs of life, and te whom wc are.
therefore, closely linked. The great mass of
the public should catch this human, per
sonal note."
What De Yeu Knew?
QUIZ
1. What Is the origin of the phrase, "CJed
tempers the wind te the Bhern lamb"?
2. What Is n medicaster? ,
3. Hew far away from the earth Is the sun?
4. What was the middle name of President
Garfield?
5. What nre the names of the four chief
wars fought between the French and
the English for the control of North
America?
C. When did Daniel Defee live?
7 WJmt.u'lr.0 "I0 Principal languages of
Seuth America?
8. Who was Epicurus and of what phllose-
phy was he the exponent?
. Frem whnt Is rattan obtained?
10. What Is the literal meaning of
"e.ing-
Answers te Yesterday's Quiz
1. Tha first Chinese exclusion nw was
passed by Congress thlrty-twe years
age. It wns superseded In 1893 bv n
morn drastic act known as the Gear?
Force"0 'xt'lusUm lttw- wh'ch I. atiffln
S. A rsalapreplsm Is n ludicrous mlsun nf
rbiinrTaw i'
Mrs. Malaprep, the queen of mill'0
Rivals."" SherWan8 "tt'K
3. Lord Chesterfield, the famous author of
S.Vmln"!1'8, ,en ma"rH and conduct
StanheU0 hlS 80"' Waa I,hl"l1 "w
4. He was born In the latter part of th
seventeenth century nnd lived it ?,.! .
nearly ihre. quartern of t ' U Sh
century. His dates nre 11591. S"1"1
5. The Pilgrims nt Plymouth made nn ,.n
successful experiment In cem,i,?jn"
from 1620 te about 10"? c"m'n"nlsin
' gauntlet." SCU Wr,e the 8""y "d-
7. A de Jure government Is one that exists
rightfully, by right cf law. ' ,s
8, In the battle of Iluena viam . i- i
cans under Qenernl Santa Ana
10. Brazil was discovered In 1499 bv Vleenta
Yunez Pinzen. a companion Celum-
bus.
ru
SHORT EUTS
Begin your Christmas shopping by out.
ing Red Cress stamps.
Toe many reform movements end witi
the hiring of a press agent.
A big salt field has been found in Al
berta. Wonder if that is where Bryan burled
his heart?
It may be that the Russian soviet hu
abolished money en account of the paper
shortage.
1
Diplomatists nre undecided whether te
stress the first or the third syllable of Meso
potamia. Thanksgiving races seemed te prove that
there is less danger lu flying than in auto
mobile racing.
... . Pcrhnps it was the desire of Magistrate
Vt rigley te draw attention te the uselcssnws
of a coroner's office.
Banditry has brought home the fact that
the engine of the law must nlse be installed
in the motorcycle.
International events seem bent en prov
ing the falsity of the proverb concerning oil
en troubled waters.
Mr. Gilbert knew what he was Ullini
about when he said that a policeman's let
was net a happy one.
Mississippi comes te the front te prera
that what actuates n mob is net dcslre for
justice, but lust for bleed.
It begins te appear that Lcnine bn
spent se much geld en propaganda that he
hasn't any left for trade.
If babies could read the papers they
would doubtless consider the fact that milk
is coming down as the cream of the news.
Mayer Moere has nn illustration of he
extremes meet when the forces of evil and
the unce' guld Jein te hamper his adtnlnli
tratien.
"The best
it part of a holiday is the da;
It"' Headline. "Darn these
that fellows
health v optimists!"
Grouch.
cried the Dyspeptic
And it may be thnt the big-brotherly
attitude of philanthropic bitter-enders will
be found by Europe tee darned patrenlzini
te be palatable.
The fact that rises te puzzle the amateur
criminologist (and the professional for that
matter) Is that se many alleged thieves and
murderers don't leek the part.
Constantine's pledge te the Allies that
he will net change the foreign policy of
Greece is doubtless based en the conviction
that a change would net be geed for his
health.
We are already vitally Interested in the
business affairs of Europe. The matter at
issue, in the case of the League of Nations,
is whether or net we shall accept a position
en the beard of directors.
The fnentnl attitude of Knox and ethers
that we shall always be free te enter Inte
European affairs when our friends need help
takes no cngnizance of the fact that we can
not "cuter" when we nre already "In.
The first page pf any newspaper new
edays proves that en the world's stage
tragedy has been followed by the cheap
melodrama of banditry and crimes of vio
lence. Seme day we'll get back te hlgn
comedy such as Revising the Tariff of
Menkeying with an Ad Valerem.
Right new we are going te quit worry
ing about the young Bosteu man who bai
refused nn inheritance of 81,000,000. Per
haps he knows he will make mere of a suc
cess as an automobile mechanic than
millionaire. But what a grouch he'll b"
If he ever changes his mind!
Net the least of the lust complaints that
tan be levied against the members of tot
Wilsen cabinet Is that there Is net a grett
scoundrel among them. What Jey there
would be in trouncing an adult-sized knare.
What pleasure in whipping u miscreant w
at least knew hew te scrap! But that
ihfactien has been denied a patient nn(V0D,fj!
suffering people. Incompetence coupled win
conscious rectitude and buttressed by con
celt Is deaf te censure, blind te criticism n
proof against all attuck. And Mr. IlJf'J
typifies the bunch. Net a darned ttunf
wrong with the dear little man except th"
he Is n dear little n.an. Stories from MB'
den aud Paris of honors te the iiiikiied
dead may stir the hearts of his ceiintrjmWj
but net the heart of Mr. Baker. Nay, nayi
Locking both vision and Imagination. ,
walks the path of duty with prim preeW ;
and aevcr drops a stitch 1
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