A, ,
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0
EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1919
it
Cardinal Mercier s Story
Including His correspondence with the German
authorities in Belgium during the war, 1914 to
1918, edited by Professor Fernand Maence of
Lourain University and translated bv the Bene
dictine Monks of Si. Augustine's, RsmK.te.
England.
Government General of Belgium, lirusscls,
June ',, 1916.
f0 Ht3 Eminence Caidinal Merrier, Archbishop of
MalineB.
Your Eminence will agiee with vie in regretting
the breaches committed by priests againtl the oc
cupying power and the convictions that have been
tw inevitable result. From the petitions for pardon
addressed to me I am bound to infer that a multitude
.of hardships arise from the fact that priests, have to
be torn from their ministry to go arid suffer the pen
alties incurred. These convictions must beyond meas
ure be regretted, since the respect and dignity be
longing to the priestly state aie thereby impaired
Yet tVe people do not cease repeating that the fire
of patriotism ts a valid excuse for these priests. On
the other hand, they try to find extenuating circum
stances for them by saying that they are constrained
to respond to the patriotic spirit of the population,
even though they are aware that by acting in Ihii
manner they are transgressing my regulations.
I must declare that this opinion misconstmes
completely the juridicial position of the population in
the occupied territory toward the occupying power.
For The Hague convention (Article XLIU), which im
poses on vie the duty of watching over the good
order and well-being of the country, was ratified in
1910 by the representatives of Belgium.
It has thus the binding force of a law of the
land, to which all the population, the clergy included,
are bound to 3ttbmit.
I should have to reproach myself with breaking
the law if for special reasons I agree to make an
exception in favor the clergy. In the administra
tion of justice, the law does not allotv any distinction
of persons. I should place myself in conflict with the
prerogative of pardon if I consented to remit alto
gether in favor of the condemned the punishment in-
regf flicted-on them, without, at the same time, taking vnlq
account iiui me case oj certain ruipaoie pneai.s, wno
have been brought to trial, exclude every act of par
don. There is but one way for priests to avoid these
condemnations; they must observe a calm attitude and
vot meddle in politics. And it is on that account
that I appeal to your Eminence and beg of you to
prevail on your subordinates, in the exercise of their
ministry and in their general conduct, to abstain from
all political activity, and still more vot to render
themselves guilty of grave breaches of regulations.
I attach the utmost importance to this, that they
keep from circulating clandestine publications, an of
fense of which latterly they have often been guilty.
May I implore your Eminence to inform me if I
can count on your co-operation for this object?
Moreover, I only ask for the observance of the
pledges which the bishops have given for the correct
ness of the clergy's attitude.
I present to your Eminence the expression of my
sincere esteem.
(Signed) BARON VON BISSING,
Lieutenant General.
Archbishop's House, Malines,
June 23, 1916.
To His Excellency Baron von Biasing1, Governor Gen
eral, Brussels.
Your Excellency kindly writes in your esteemed
letter of June 4 (No. 5139) that you deplore the
penalties inflicted on our priests by the military tri
bunals. But, ns to these penalties, you regard them
as fully justified, because necessary for tho main
tenance of public order, of which The Hague conven
tion Intrusts to you the keeping.
The clergy, moreover, can lay no claim to a priv
ilege that would withdraw them from justice, nor to
a continuous application of a right to pardon. Thern
is only one method by which the clergy can escape
judicial penalties, namely, to abstain from political
action. Your Excellency begs my co-operation for
the attainment of this result; and you appeal to the
understanding come to by the Belgian bishops, in the
name of the clergy, with the occupying power.
Such is, I believe, a faithful summary of the dis
patch of June 4 to which my ministerial engagements
have to my regret hindered me from replying sooner.
Your Excellency has good reason to deplore the
severe treatment which our priests have to suffer. I
also render homage to the loftiness of this sentiment
and I share it with you very heartily.
Belgium Is Still Independent
With you I am concerned for the public order,
but I do not agree with you as to the means of
Bafeguarding it. The bishops and the clergy have a
dutv to be the foremost unholders of order. Thev
Ij" know it, but they know also that Belgium, their coun-
' trv. ia still, thank God. independent and that it would
be iniquitous and rash to .treat it like a conquered
country.
Germany, which today occupies a very great por
tion of our provinces, but which the fortune of war
may tomorrow driye back across our borders, is a
belligerent nation. Belgium is also a belligerent
nation. Neither of the two is victorious; neither has
the right to enslave the other.
In spite of the military occupation of a great
part of her provinces, our Belgian fatherland has not
ceased to be of right an autonomous sovereign nation.
Our respect and lovo for the soil ancj for our Belgian
liberties are then for all of us an honor and u duty.
To realize this honor and to preach this duty forms
part of tho clergy's social mission. In theso troubled
times in which we live each soul has the right to ask
of bis pastor; What is my duty? Who represents in
my case authority? What have I to do to render
to God the things that are of God and to Caesar the
tilings that aro Caesar's?
Well, sir, apart from some heated expressions
', Vhicn escape at times from even the most cautious,
r
BELGIAN FATHERLAND HAS NOT
CEASED TO BE SOVEREIGN NA TION"
"Still Independent' Cardinal Mercier Says, "and It Would Be Iniquitous to Treat
4i j; It Liho-.aConquercd Country" "Sole Authority for Conscience Is
,. King Albert and His Government?'
Explanatory Comment
H"IHE legal argumenta'advanced by Cardinal Mercier In tho appended letter to Von Bissing were closely in
accord with tho prevailing sentiments of tho leading members of the Belgian bar.
Prominent among theso patriotic spokesmen was tho Batonnier Theodor, president of the Order of
Advocates in Brussels. At a comparatively early date in the period of the Gorman occupation Maitre
Theodor addressed a courageous protest to the Governor Genetal. It wnq typical of the Cardinal's viewpoint
from tho beninninc I
"Rogardlng matters as a whole, without passion or paitiulity, tho lawyer," insisted Theodor, "cannot
fall to recognize that everything in the German judicial organization in Belgium is contrary to the principles
of justice. It is justice without a check; the judge is committed to himself that is to his
impressions, his prejudices and his environment. The prisoner is abandoned in his dishess to an unaided
struggle with his all-powerful adversary.
"This justice, which is controlled and, theiefore, without guarantee, constitutes for us the most dangerous
and oppressive illegality. Wo do not regard justice ns n judicial or moral possibility without freedom of
defense. Freedom of defense that is to say, light shed upon all the elements of the trial; tho public making
Itself heard In tho hoart of tho praetorium, the right to &ay everything in the most tcspectful manner, and also
uio courage uj uaro ovqryuniir, piucuu iic me service of misfortune, justice and inn law. u i one hi ine
conquests of our domestic history; it is the foundation stone of individual libeit.
"What are your sources of inf orcnation ?
"Apart from the judges of the court, they ate the secret police and the infoimeis."
in the heat of delivery and which cannot be taken
literally when it is a question of estimating the
gencial spirit of n social class, the preaching of the
clergy has not overstepped, in safeguarding patriot
ism, the limits which I have just defined. A score of
times 1 have personally examined the sermons that
have been denounced by the civil authority or by the
military couit.s. I have always found that the ac
cused preacher had simply affirmed, without affiont
to the occupying power, that the Belgian fatherland
is whole and united, that the sole legitimate authority
lor the Belgian conscience is King Albert, his gov
ernment, his magistracy and his army.
Von der Goltz's Promise
Were you willing, Excellency, to grasp this ele
mentary truth of jurisprudence, the conflicts be
tween us would come to an end.
Your picdecessor, the late Karon von der Goltz,
had understood it. It is a rash thing for you to wish
to do violence to the noblest feeling of a people's
conscience. "I asl: of no one," he said in a proclama
tion issued at Biussels, September 2, 1914, "I ask ot
no one to l enounce his patiiotic sentiments."
Your Excellency h:m not disavowed this noble
pioclamation.
It is in showing lespect for our patiiotic feelings
that the occupying power will find the most solid
guarantee for public older. The Belgian bishops an
ticipated this lespect when, on February 5, 1915, in
the agreement to -which your letter alludes, they
wrote: The bishops have no intention to stiike a blow
at public older; and if ever a member of the clergy,
were in this tegaid foigetful of his duty, or if the
Geiman authorities regarded him at, such, we ask
but one thing, namely, that the case be bioughl
befoie the bihhop of the diocese to which this mem
ber of tho clergy is found to belong."
Your Excellency appeals to Article XL.III of The
Hague convention and reminds us that Belgium was
a party thereto. Wo ure awaie of it. We make all
the articles of the convention our own and earnestly
demand their application. But this Aiticle XLIII
precisely requires the occupying power to insuie as
far as possible public order "by respecting, except
in the cse of absolute necessity, the laws in force in
the country occupied."
Apply to us the Belgian constitution wheiever it
refers to the liberty of religious preaching, biing be
fore our ecclesiastical court doubtful cases. In this
way you will do what is most prudent and most just
to insure the order of public life, "by respecting,
save in absolute necessity, the laws in force in the
country."
Has not the nuthod adopted by the Belgian epis
copate and followed by the clergy established its repu
tation ? Very soon two years will nave elapsed since
our people have haa to put up with the foreigner, bis
icquisitlons, his domiciliary visits, his threats, his
condemnations; but not a si'igle revolutionary blow
has been struck. Not one of jour soldiers has been
molested.
In my own tuin, Baron, I confidently state my
conclusions. We are bound both of us, one in the
civil and military order, the other in the religious
and moral order, to work together for the public wel
fare. As our point of departure let us take the law,
I mean the law both natural and intei national, which
lecognizes the moral sovereignty of Belgium as a
country. Without attacking the occupying power and
beyond any danger of revolt, let this Christian pa
triotism be maintained which, in a pastoral letter
long before the war, I did not hesitate to call a re
ligious virtue, i. e., "the piety of patriotism."
I do not deny that you have your part to play
when you close all avenues leading abroad, and you
arrest those of our fellow countrymen who attempt
to cross the frontiers; but do not treat as traitors
these heroic young fellows who, at the lisk of their
liberty and their life, have the ambition to go and
enroll themselves in our armies. Tolerate no longer
the military courts that regard the purest civic vir
tue as treason.
No longer condemn the teachers of youth for
having approved, or for not having disapproved, a
legitimate desire for the exercise of valor; do not
inflict imprisonment or fine for their ailing to de-
nounco to the vengeance of your tribunals a pupil,
perhaps a spiritual son. ,
WOULD YOU?
By FANNIE HURST
Mrs. Yanci Itifkin lends her daugh
ter, Lee, in her place as mannikin
to a polo game on tho day before her
eighteenth iccdding anniversary, to
exhibit a suit made by Mr. Itifkin, a
tailor. Yanci and Zctta, her sister-in-laic,
go for a walk, and Yanci,
who is not feeling well, stops at the
doctor's.
Alir.ANK-l'ACnO, sinister-looting
door when rlosod, mid from the
stiff t not unlike the blind face of
n G r a e a .
who, waiting
for her eye,
looks in
wmd. When slip
emerged
from thnt
door ngain,
the w arm
sun had
Kone, leaving
the g r n y
niicll which
s 1 1 o t c h c s,
like a gnng
Iilnnl; from
ilny over into
darkness. In
the square of
park, walks
w ere sml
A wintry staie
- ..--mm
w?xjAiwm
iJLs. . ?''..!
'.; ss a.
I ,SSSfc.
r.Nvii: urnsT
denh i linn of eliildien
nod set m
As she stood for n moment upon the
topmost stop, in her obvious blouse and
the while llesh gleaming through, n
piank of wind lolloped up. ediljing
around hei She did not shiver ;
walked iinn n (lie steps and southward
five h!n(li until Second nenne meets
Twelfth itreet The red was so cleurlv
'defined now thnt her cheeks spread
from It stiu I; white. At nn apartment
house piiliuriu', hanked on two sides by
a coiifn tioner's and n iljelng and clean
ing establishment, she tinned into a
doorway tilled with dusk. When she
cntcied the front room ot her apart
ment two flights up, the furniture sank
into the hnlf-daikness with the white
keys of the upright pinno grinning
through that darkness, Miss Zctta Itif
kin. in the kitchen scraping a knife
agninst fish scales, sang as she scraped :
I love my love in the springtime,
1 loe mv love In the fall:
Through all the changing seasons,
Mrnin mm, ninim mm, in nun
in -m -in.
Mrs. Itifkin sat down on the edge ot
the first chair in the loom She was
tiemhllng now. and sitting then' in the
dimness a chill took hold of her and
quick tiemors inn up and down beneath
her skirt.
I love my love in the xpiingtimo.
1 low my loe in the fall!
Her hut, flushed backward against
the w.ill. fell to the lloor and she
scraped tier chair forwnid to I each for
it, hut sat back ngnin, hugging herself
ngulnst nervous shudders.
"Yniii'i. that jou?"
"YesZctt."
'Tor the love of heaven, when- jou
been keeping yourself?"
She nppuued suddenlv in the door
way, the yellow light fioni the kitihen
for background, sparser and taller in a
long-sleeved apinu arid franklv indo
lent et heniug.
"I'gh, I I'm told."
"Then, what you sitlin' heie in the
dark foi V"
"Don't, don't: No light '.HI !"
With n quick forvvaid step Miss Itif
kin giasped the hunched liguie by Hie
shoulders, shaking her.
"Yanci, you sickV Yanci?
"iuuie go. 'I'akc your hands off.
Quit!"
She jerked back fiom the close si asp
and moved sideways into the uedioom,
garilant and eyeing her vaillv
"Yanci, you gone rituyV"
"You lemme alone!"
"Yunci, let Zettie light the gjs
What's got vou. darling? Sunslioke?
Hydrophobia? Tor God's sake, wli.it"'"
The loom sprang into yellow glaie
and a biass bedstead, heavily dressed
in liiufcHels net over pink, and u diesser
festooned w ith the same lfrus-cls net
nnd laid out in nil the (ieimau silvei
artiiles of u woman's artifices. A tier
man silver vase of pink paper iom
fiand against tho mirioi."
On the Brussels net spread, she '.it
down loosely with her back round and
her eyes storms out ahead. She was
still tienibllng.
"auci, if jou don't tell me whin s
got you, I'll go crazy. You been run
over, girl? Hit In the hc.iil? Doped?"
She could not articulate but sat there,
her two hands pressing against her
throat,
"Yanci, you been hit In tho head.
There's your pocka-book, they didn't
get that I Lookn, Yanci, you'ro home
safe. Sec, sitting on your own bed with
Zett got you In her old arms."
"I I "
"That's right, darling, tell Zett.
Don't let j'our jaws get stuck like that.
Tell Zettie. You was walking along and
all of n sudden "
"No. No. No."
"Yanci, you been to the grand old
man? Is is it anything to do with
the grand old man? Yanci!"
"I I'm gone, Zett."
"(lone where? In God's name, Yanci,
gone where?"
She fell to whimpering and lying for
ward with her face Hearing her knees.
"Gone. You don't know it, but I'm
gone, Zettie "
"You got something - something
catching?"
She would only weave to nnd fro,
plucking up the new coveilet.
"Ynnci, you won't tell your Zettie?
Your old Zettie you used to come to
with all jour troubles when you was
nothing but a little whip stitcher in
the shop. Ynnci?"
"I no no."
"Ynnci, jour old Zett' Why long
nfoie Ilemy hlsself even knew there
was such a person ns his little wife
Nitting up theic nt five a week taking
oiilns o n me, wnsn't you runnln' to
jour old Zettie with everything? Huh?
Huh. Ynnci?"
"Oh God."
"Thnt time your old landlady down
in Attorney street got to locking you
guls out nights. Hcmemlier? And the
lninbin' 1 give jou nnd that fast crowd
of gnls jou got to runmn' with. Ite
ineinber? And how it straightened you
out. You jou was the gient one way
back thcie for runniu' to your old
Zettie, nil right. You sure wua, Ynnci.
You gone buck on your old Zettie?"
"1 can't cnn'tl"
"Itemeniber that lime, dniliu', you
was riding around with thnt fat old
geeer, Jerry Kessler, and I put a stop
to it. showing you how he wns riding
jou to hell In that little slick runubout
of his. Itemeniber the night Henry
tiist nsked jou to walk out with him,
how you came runniii' to jour old
Zettie nnd "
"Oh, God, Zettie, I icmeiiihci I le
ineiiihei. Hold me tight, Zettie. Hold
me tight."
Ten is came so fast and flowed so
scnldingly over her words that she was
In a choking fienzy, beating her small
tight fists and bieuthing in sluuldcis
iltitvvn deep from the inneis of hei.
"1 I vvuit in Zett, went in jou
know, just just nut thiukln'."
' In where, Yanci?"
"lie's smli an old lodge, always
guv in' nnd Uddtn', nnd 1 I jitt wnsn't
thinkin'."
Who. Yanci? Who!"
"I says to him, 1 mijs. when the
gill let me in. 1 says, 'Hello gland old
man, it's a fine dav for spring hats and
spring fever.' .lust like that guyin'."
"Uh-huli!"
"He he kindn laughed nnd kept
pullln' at his bean), jou jou know
the way ho does, Zett."
"Uh-huh!"
"And and put me over in that kind
of dentist's chair next to the window
and took oft my hat hlsself and kept
smoothing down mv hair and me never
thinkin'. and and oh, my God, it
should have come over me then, the
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TURKEY ON THE LAST COURSE
"Do Not Punish Charity"
No loiter make it a crime for generous .souls to
furnish a morsel of bread, an alms, a temporary shel
ter to tho man of the people who tears himself away
from his fireside to fly to the defense of his father
land. Do not punish charity.
Do not set traps for noble young fellows by in
viting them to furnish or transmit correspondence
or uncensored documents to keep recruits and to be
tray companions in misfortune.
When a wretched young fellow is arrested, do not
uselessly prolong his preventive detention. Grant
him counsel to sustain him and to defend him before
his judges He has that right; sec to it that there
is some proportion between the crime and the pen
alty. Stop the promiscuous awarding of penal servi
tude, the pain of death, as deterrent to breaches of
the law.
We claim for the clergy neither exceptional reg
ulations nor a systematic application of the right of
pardon. We only want a genuine interpretation of
the law.
Is it not astounding, in truth, that Belgians are
reduced to ask for strict justice ?
When the German army invaded our territory, the
Chancellor of the empire avowed in the face of the
world that Germany was violating our rights; ho
promised to leave nothing undone to repair our
wrongs. It is not then tho simplo respect for justice
that we ought to look for at her hands but earnest
good-will, n spirit of reparation, an efficacious desire
to reduce for us to a minimum all tho dfsagrceablo
consequences of an occupation unjustifiable from Its
very inception.
Receive, sir, the assurance of my slncero esteem.
(Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER,
Archbishop 'of Malines,
(CONTINUED TOMORROW)
VunuripM, 1919. by Jublia Ledger Co
CoDvrtoht, Canada, I J 19, 6y Public l.(igtr Cn,
International Copyrluht, 1SIV. py i'tiKie Loiter Co.
'osemotifc
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That torturing rash from which you
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ment. It is a mild, healing preparation,
prescribed by doctors for many years, and
used not only for severe skin troubles, but
as a general household remedy for burns,
scalds, chafings, etc. It is so gentle and
soothing, it can be used on the tendcrest
and most irritated skin without fear.
Sold by all druggists
way ho kept looliln' nt me. It should
bave."
"What, ynnci?"
"ltut It didn't."
"What didn't?"
"I Just lnlil back and looked up sassy
anil Kays, 'Well, grand old man.' I nays
to hi in, I snyo, 'Ih It the tired-fcclInK
ward for mine?' IIo didn't answer and
kept lookln' at my card all the time,
and he turned to mo, Zott, and lie fays
to me, he snys, "Mrs, Klfkln he says,
'can your husband come here with you
later In the afternoon?' All of. a sud
den Zett, when he said that, it It was
like somebody bad took iny heart in
their hand like It wni a bird. I I Rot
up out of the chair quiet like and I snys,
'No, Doctor Stowoskl; why?' Oh
oh"
"Yes, jcs. dnrlin'."
"He tapped his filasscs on big finser
nnd kept lookin' out of the window.
'Why?' I snys again louder. 'You got
a condition there,' ho sa4 to me. A
condition he called it. 'A condition I
wannn talk over with you and your "
"Oh. my darlln'."
" 'Whut condition. Doctor." I savs,
crnbbin bli arm. I hollered it, Zettie;
I couldn't lulp It. Oh. my God, right
nway from his face something seemed
to tell mo something. J-I can't tell
no more, Zett. Cun't! I I just got
it out of him. somehow. I got it out
of him, getting him where be he
couldn't ilnssn't IIo. Ho didn't wanna
toll me. I5ut I got it, Zettie got it
out of him !"
"Wlint Yanci?"
"I got something so jaw-breaking the
mntter with mo, darling, you can't say
it after inc. ltut I understand. First
time he (.aid, 1 knew it by heart. Fun
ny. It it uoer struck mc before my
symptoms and all. It's what Lilllo
I.egliisku had, Zott "
"No. No. No."
"I'er pernicious nneniia "
"Yiincl, my (!od. Nn. No."
"My blood's gone, Zett. All gone.
Funny? Turning white Red cor
eor-puH-eli'H all gone. Seen it on a
piece of glass he showed mc. Nothing
In Ood's name can bring 'em bark. At
my stage a a year, ho said, Zett, a
year at the outside. A year left for
mc, Zett, and so much to dol Ho much
to do I So much to do!" And slio
fell forward, a huddle.
Tho minutes marched post, broken
with the sobbing nnd tho strangling
ncd the weeping noises of two women,
A cnt with a bell on Its neck anihle
In bumping Us sleek sides along Miss
Itifklu's outflung foot.
"He's lyin', Xancll"
Tho grnnd old man don't lie. Can't
you sco joursclf, nil ot a sudden now.
Ynnci, how Just like mc and UlHo used
to lay down her hands In her lap with
no strength In 'cm and kind of panting
for breath like."
"Oh, my God!"
"Hold mo, Zcttlo. Hold m tight."
"My little darling. We nlwan told
you that you'd kill yourself, slicking
too close to tho job."
"Ho much to do, Zett, and only a
ycnrl Ho much to dol"
CovurtoM, tilt), lu Wheeler Sinttteatu
(CONTINUDD TOMORROW)
1872
1920
We wish you
Health, Happiness and Prosperity
during the
New Year
Accept our thanks for favors received during 1919
S. Kind & Sons, mo chestnut si.
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Happy New Year!
rHE STORE will be closed to-morrow. New
Year's Day. It is like the boundary be
&K. tveen two States not visibly different
from the days either side of it, yet univer
sally observed as a holiday, when we all of us
pause to look backward and forward, considering
wherein we might have done better and wherein
we shall do better in the year ahead of us.
This Store has had a successful year, and it
may not be out of place to say it has served its
customers well. We believe those who have de
pended upon us have enjoyed certain advantages,
as regards satisfying assortments, reliable quali
ties of merchandise and excellent values.
, We are in a position to assure our customers
of equally great advantages during the coming
year, and the first practical demonstration of our
ability in this regard will be our January Sales,
beginning Friday, January 2.
These Sales are economy events of unusual import
ance. Very large stocks of merchandise, owned at much
below present market value, will be sold at prices based
on the lower cost.
If you need merchandise in any of these lines, you
cannot afford to miss these Sales : Muslin Underwear and
kindred lines; Women's Suits, Coats, Dresses, Furs and
Waists; Men's Winter Clothing; Housekeeping Linens
and Bedfurnishings besides January Clearances of re
mainder lots and special purchases in other departments.
STRAWBRIDGE & CLOTHIER
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We Want Moderate Accounts
N'O one need hesitate to open an account here
because his balance will be small at first.
- Wc are glad to have moderate accounts be
cause it has been our experience that many small
accounts increase steadily and if you arc consider
ing opening a bank account however small we
should be glad fo have you call on us.
Commercial Trust Company
City Hall Square West
Member Federal Reserve System
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