"Vf-'
l
3
5 A
10
EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER PHILADELPHIA", SATUEDxVY, XOVEMBlftl 15, 1019
I'
I
f
f
i
v
i
t
Euenlngflubltb ledger
, PUBLIC LEDGEIl COMPANY
t . .fTUUfl K. It. CltoTlS. l'nrmnr.NT
' Charles II. Ludlnrlcn, Vlei Ppiliiiti Jnlm C.
Jtirtln, Secrp tarr and Treasurer! Philip H I'nllltiK.
Mtn a. WlllUma, John J. Bpurceon, Klrectorr.
ir KUITU1UAI. HOATtUl
' . Craos It, K. Craxm. Chairman
BAVID 13. SMILIST. , Eilltor
JOHN C. MAHTIN'.... General llurlntm Manager
Vubllihed aIIy nt Pcntta T.iwoni. Uullillwr.
Axutrno Cm .' ;! vnim bulMlns
tS'mr obk
:0tl Mf tronolltan Tower
jiirraoiT .
701 l'ftri! TtnlMlnr
ijT. Ions.. ions Knil-rton Hullillns
Uaiwoo tsos rrilwua UuIUlng
. . NKM'8 '.rP.K.M R:
nubniMiTONr ilium .
N. )!, Cor. ln -ajlva i'n .Vv9. ami Kill HI.
J.BT Tork UmEAi T.ie Pun TiulKllnjr
LONDON UlHCll) t.ondoi 7,iuC3
PL'Bxcutprto.v Ti:nM
The Evkmmi Pint m l.tuiru Is nerved to sn.
bribers in I'liUHdfilphln anil Mirrourdtru? touin
at Ihe rale of tvvlvo .12) cuits lier w.ck. tiajaMe
to tho carrier. -
By mail to rulnt oi'Mde of Philadelphia In
tha united statx. Canada, or ftillM Plat's txis.
rwilos. postage fr. flftj 1.101 fer.ta per month.
UIv (ll dollar pur Vfar. puvihla (,, urivntir"1.
To all forolffii cuuntrie3 ono (11 Collar pr
tionth.
TS'oticr Subni-rlber nlshlntf PfJUreca rhon'd
Xnuat the old as well an n-v a-Mrasj.
HELL. 5000 Ttl.UT
KtYSTOMT. MAIN 1003
GZr Jlddress alt eomtmtu'cat(on3 o Vvcvirp ruWu
J,edoci'p lnd prntlcnce .Scucre, rhi!arf''li7ilti.
Member of the Associated Prcs
Tin; issocf irt'D phehh u vji -
s'.vclv entity u to the vt,e for republication
)" all nru? disnatchen credited to U or -ip
otherielse credited hi this paper, untl oho
th" loent news published therein.
ill rlphls of republication' of .ivccla: dh
patches hrrrin arc also reserved.
!'llMlil. -iturd'-, oTmbrr 1 , 101
-, I
THE CABINET LOGGERS
WHILE Mayor-elect Moore has been i"
Charleston interested men have been
piling up cabinet timber for his inspec
tion. Mr. Moore has been at pains to
make it known that the loggers hai
been bringing the sticks out of the woods
or their oi n responsibility. He may
have been through the woods on a casual
strolk but he lias not indicated to any
ono the tree he has selected for his use.
When he return.', to the city on Mon
day he may begin to look over tho timber
pile to see if there is anything in it that
he ran use. But the chances arc that he
will continue his own inspection of the
wood lot for borne time before he makes
any announcement. It is more than six
weeks before the cabinet will have to be
set up. There is time enough for him to
make it out of good material which has
not yet been brought to U".
ONE PHASE OF TRANSIT RELIEF
TjIRECTOK TWINING1? analysis of
the Mitten plan for bettering transit
conditions has force and lucidity to com
mend it. With statements of both sides
1; ol the case now in hand Louncils ous;ht
to be able to reach ome decision that will
neither dispone too easily ot the publics
rights nor handicap legitimate improve
ment of transportation facilities.
But whether Mr. Mitten's proposals in
their major aspects are rejected or in
dorsed. the (luestions there involved
It should not be confuted with the thor
oughly admirable suggestion to relocate
the tracks around the City IlalK Noth
ing except a traffic nuisance will be sur
rendered by"npproing that plan.
-r-r?Krdinancp to move tno tiacks close
Kirto thd plaza sidewalks awaits passage in
Councils. It warrants immediate adop
tion. Anything that i ill modify the
blockade of the trolley, by the streams
of autocars is likely to be a good thing.
Excellent also is the plan of diverting
some of the west-bound cars out Filbert
street.
It is a mistake to disregard nartial
1f v solutions oC a problem because a com
! -nrolmneiivt nttlim(nt nf fill nC it- ..ntum!
I ho made id an in.tant.
THE JOHNSON GALLERY SITE
rpHE expectation that the court will
eventually approve the plan for ex
hibiting the Johnnon pictures in an ap
propriate new structure instead of in tho
late collector - Broad street home ia
i hopefully suggested in the virtual selec
tion of the Parkway site for the gallery.
ilayor Smith has agreed to urge Councils
i, to recommend the transter of $75,000 of
the unused peace jubilee fund to start the
work at Twenty-second street and tho
new thoroughfare.
This is an excellent sign of reforma
tion regarding the projects for beautify
ing the Parkway. Litigation crippled for
years all progress on tho new public
library. The war intervened and now,
owing lo the rai-cd cost of materials
and labor, the whole proposition has to
be reopened and revised.
Mr. Johnson's will has been the stum
bling block in tho Art Gallery affair.
;vThe court, however, has not only to con
efcter literallj the text of that instru-
meat, but also the overwhelming force
df public opinion.
The mansion at 010 Soutii Broad street
simply will not do as a home for the ox-
"traordinarj- and precious collection of
paintings, i ne proposal to substitute a
properly equipped modem building based
on, the architectural motives of the loely
Taszi Chapei of Florence has emphatic
popular support.
It is n relief that the city contemplates
doing something more than merely mark
ing time white waiting for tho law to
perform the expected.
WILL WE GYRATE?
ft -TpHE possibilities of tho gyroscope,
most fascinating of inventions, uro
limitless. This may explain why it has
so seldom been limited In practical use.
Elmer A. Sperry, a specialist on the
subject, revived the other day one of the
old dreams of its application to wavc
iossed vessels, Members of the Society
pf Naval Architects whom he was ad
dressing heard him with interest and
were particularly intrigued by his fore
cast 0 "a great f orvuird .step" in "a new
ertf opened tip for thi American passen-
,seji service."
Their concern ishardly less than that
f perturbed voyagers who have long
avored n stabilized ship. Its advent
', t-Xould not only eliminate the only
'; form in which the "rack" survives in
Civilization, but it will extinguish at last
' 4tn viilfiiinn iif fVin MirmiiV crnnA nnflnr
n'acgentuated the, pain of a stormy trana
. iittanlic croasjiig,
t. Hi fa cIIILmmt, bqweycr, to xecall .that
' hi mimoripllwHb: Us, gyroscopic trains,
tailed' w mswluoiiue transportation and
that with nil the luxuries of u palaco
ocean liner a steady pool table has not
yet been numbered. Furthermore, tho
gimbals in which the lamp bracket swings
arc gyroscopic in plan, and with nil their
zeal for nn equilibrium thoy unquestion
ably do move.
That their complex activities arc pref
erable to the forthright pitching and
rolling of a do luxe steamship is some
thing for tho harassed traveler to decide.
Tho beneficence of tho gyroscope will de
pend largely on whether its antidote for
one kind of commotion is soothing or
merely Ingenious.
ROUND UP THE SPENDERS
OF LENINE'S RIOT FUND!
Today's News From Geneva Shows That
We Should Deport About Two Ship
loads of "Borers From Within"
T 1TTLE by little, as high priests and
- emissaries of bolshevism are dragged
and kicked out into tjio light, it is becom
ing possible to see what their variously
defined cult actually is at bottom.
It id the underworld trying to drag
society down to its own level. It is the
lazy, tho immoral, the sensual and the
idle and their hatred for law and orderly
justice. It is tho gutter, the unaspiring
slum and the jail reaching out for the
throat of civilization.
The true Bolshevists can go only one
step further. They chii demand to hac
the insane asylums emptied into Wash
ington, the British houses of Parliament
and the French Chamber of Deputies.
Then tho Ited theory will1 have reached
its logical culmination.
Todaj't correspondence of Mr. Kos
poth. the "representative of this news- 1
paper in Geneva, shows how utterly mad 1
the thing is in Europe and how trag- J
ically humorou-, it must appear from the
American point of view. It is possible
now to understand how thoroughly the
normally intelligent labor leaders in the
United States have been duped in recent
months. Fitzpatrick was a child in the
hands of Foster. Lewis, sincerely con
cerned about the welfare of the soft-coal
miners, became the unconscious Instru
ment of organized fanaticism as it is ad
ministered at Moscou. Even the austere
lailroad brotherhoods hao been used
without their knowledge in a scheme of
radical maneuvering as crav.y and as
fruitless as a nightmare.
Europe is in no mood for laughter. If
it were, if hardship had not made u
weary sort of pessimism too general in
the Old World, bolshevism would have
been laughed out of existence long before
this. What must strike any reasonable
mind us odd i3 the flutters of anxiety,
the tragic whisper?, the air of deep con
cern that is apparent among unimagmit
tive and uninformed people hcio wlien
ccr a stray pervert fires a shot or causes
a 3tir in organized labor in the name of
bolshei-m or the I. W. W.
Yesterday "the Reds" had planned to
seize Hog Island! Hog Island normally
would teem the last place in the world
for a lied. There is some very hard and
real woik still to be done there. And
what would tlte police hao been doing
meanwhile? What would the invisible
Reds do with the ships after thev got
them? Would they seize the railroads
and the factories and the farms and the
banks to complete 11 system without
which Hog Island would be a heavy asset
and an intolerable bore? That would be
a pretty big undertaking for men who
can't pven win a strike or get into a
street fight without being maulctl by the
first casual cituens who happen along.
It is possible to perceive the futility of
extreme politica' radicalism 111 the
United States without ignoring the
rhrewd and malignant intelligence re
sponsible for plans that have failed at
every turn, here and abroad. It in easy
to believe that Lenine and his associates
formulated elaborate plans to create gen
eral unrest and disillusionment in the
United States.
They had here a great many helpers
quite -as unconscious of the role they
were playing as some labor leaders have
been more recently. They had weak
lings in politics, tinhorns in public office,
high-stepping capitalists hi tho imperial
mood, belligerent labor men without a
decent sense of their responsibilities all
of them serving to hinder the processes
which make for peace anil order and gen
eral happiness and contentment and to
slowly dertroy the hope and faitli of mil
lions. The propagandists of Moscow and
their representatives in tho United States
could bank heavily, too, on the easy
going good nature of Americans them
selves, who are not always at pains to
sec that the splendor and dignity and
efficiency of their institutions are as
sured by intelligent public supervision
of political and governmental a(Tairs.
If Lenino is spending great sums for
propaganda in the United States he i3
sending his money after the kaiser's.
Somebody in the United States got $500,
000 from the German emperor for propa
ganda purpose?. We know what Wil
helm got in return. But it is not pleas
ant to know that Lenine and his friends
have been able to view the weak places
in our social and political lifo more
critically and shrewdly than wo our
selves are accustomed to view them.
They waited for the time when the public
institutions in the United States would
be weakened by negligence and bad man
agement. Plainly the time for a threatening
gesture .came immediately after the war,
when great economic readjustments were
in progress. A desperate effort was
made to paralyze the steel, coal and
transport industries simultaneously.
It ought always to be remeinbeied, in
justice to the Federation of Labor, that
it will expel groups who join other or
ganizations. The coal unions hae been
expelling men who joined the I. W. W.,
and yet the exact naturo and extent of
Bolshevist propaganda in America, as
Mr. Kospoth knows of it, can best bo
explained by federation officer.; who were
victimized before they knew it in the
recent strikes.
Who proposed the steel strike ft. 'Whose
idea wai'it? "Who -fonrttttated thft policy
that; iph'e4' byjtvet-c$l Wom,
would actually hnvo tied up industry,
stopped railroad trains and ultimately
put tho country in 11 state of siege 7 It
is idle to believe thnt tho strikers were
not without legitimate grievances and
that there is not fault on the side of em
ployers in many instances. .But who in
sisted, against all efforts to bring about
arbitration, upon the plnn for a stu
pendous demonstration of force?
That such a means was futile, that it
will always be futile because we happen
to have in thi.s country a great majority
of intelligent people who can neither bo
scared nor stampeded, is aside. Tho
signs of systematized propaganda nnd of
orgnnize'd effort to embitter great masses
of the foreign-born against the govern
ment are pretty general and pretty defi
nite. Tho people ought to know more about
this peculiar activity. The government
ought to know more about it. If we arc
still technically at war any effort to
weaken or injure the government may be
punished as it ought to be punished.
If the time haa come for new prison
camps, let us have them. Tho Bolshevists
and their supporters ha e become u com
mon nuisance There is a simple cure
for the trouble. It is not necessary to bo
violent. If tho Department of Justico
will gather in all the really active ex
tremists really known to it there will be
enough to fill about two shipa. When
these ships distribute their passengcru
among the European countries from
which they came we can go peacefully
about such social and economic readjust
ments as may be needed in the United
States.
FREE PORTS
Tl
rPlli: suggestion that Hog
Island be
turned into a "free poit" after it has
served its purpose as a shipyard is made I
by llopioaontative Edmonds.
It is a fascinating idea, this, of a great
walled district into which foreign raw
materials may be received i'reo of duty,
manufactured into finished products and
shipped abroad. It has appealed to tho
imagination of some Americans for more
than twenty-five years. We have been
told that the rapid" growth of Hamburg
as a shipping center shows what happens
to a free port. But wo are not told that
the district of Hamburg, into which for
eign good3 aiv admitted free of duty, is
used chiefly as a sorting and reshipment
station. Tho use of the port for manu
facturing for the export trade has bj;en
alight. Uefore the war only about 13,000
men were employed there. Those not en
gaged in loading and unloading ships
were occupied with shipbuilding and re
pairs for tho vessels that steam up the
Elbe to Hamburg.
Congress may some daj authorize tho
creation of free zones in the Atlantic and
Pacific port", if the roprcsentatnes from
the inland cities, where such free zones
would be impracticable, do not object too
seriously. But. in view of tho experience
or Hamburg, it is not likely that' these
free ports will do one-quarter as much
for our export trade as their advocates
seem to expect. Tlio agitation, however,
will continue until the experiment is
made, or until it is discovered that the
inland representatives in Congress are
unalterably opposed to it.
The debate in t.ie
I inie tor Action 1'iiited State.s Senate
has served the good
purpose of enlightening the country on ull
phases of the peace treaty, and it hat. con
duced most people that it must be a mighty
document lo withstand so Moll the nu -iiiernus
assaults to which il has been hUb
jeet.Ilut thoi good ends haiing been sen.'d.
public pentiment demands of Congress a
speedj settlement of the o,iiestion so that
measures of reconstruction may be roii3id-
ereu and an end put lo industrial and eco- 1
noinio uniest. j
'" gainer iroin ru-
lle's Willing mor-i .onneetin his
name vitii the office
of director of the Department of Health
that the middle name of Dr. I'dward II.
Irleason is Barkis.
Good Americans, while loathing bol
shevism and dislojulty, will nor allow their
anger to cause them to break tiie liiw they
are soon to defend. Common la ami com
mon sense are sufficient to rout the Beds.
The frenzied financier ..ml the agitated
rted allk- are menaces to th country." and
both need op swift and wholesome applica
tion of the boot.
Operators and miners open up their con
ference with n clean slate. It is to be hoped
that it will conclude iith n iein of dean
coal.
Tho promptness with which miners" offi
cials accented the invitation of Sect clary
Wilson to u conference In "Washington augurs
well for the suecesi of that conference.
Beds who planned to take oier iho
Hog Island shipjards may read with profit
the lines of Burns concerning the best-laid
schemes of mice and men.
Gorman;,, in accordance with the terms
ot me peace ireuty, will soon begin to ship
coal to Belgium. So far as the Hun is con
cerned it will be fuel for penitential (ires.
The Uolsheiik plan to start a world
rciolution in America proves t Iia r Inino
was as big a dub as a dopester of American
psychology as was Kaiser Willie.
Meanwhile the conclusion is forced upon
the public that the differences concerning
Article X are largely the differences between
Tweedledum and Tweedlede".
High ideals may not be able to saie the
peace treatj . but purtisan politics will prob
ably rescue it at the last minute.
England has returned to Germany
22?j,(l0fl Gorman prisoners. Kverybody sat
Uticd, doubtless.
Perhaps thfe blizzard that was headed
this way got discouraged at the ending of
the coal strike.
The calling off of tlio coal btriko caused
stocks lo jump. With surprise, we pre
sume. Tho ex-liaUcr has raised the salary of
his gardener forty cents a week. Here we
hav.c further ovldenco of his extravagance.
Oh, well, Miss Lowell probably hasn't
lojt any flesh 'over wha,t happened at the
Contemporary Club.
The only gopd J, 'W TT, man a;
Jailed out. -T
MAYOR-ELECT MOORE'S
LETTER
Walton, Winston, Evans and Shep
pard, Old-Time Antagonists, En
Joyed Worklno Together for
Entire Republican Ticket
TOIIN WALTON, chairman of tlio com.
" mltteo of one liumlrnl ; John C. Wlnsto'a,
chairman of the committee of ncvonty, who
has been sick recently; Poftcll J3vans nnd
Howard U. Shoppanl, who lins figured for
mnny years In the reform movements in tho
Twentieth ward, have Imd a line old time
tnlxlns up with regular ltcpiibllcans on tho
snmo platform at meetings held to advance
the entire Uepublieon ticket. A fcuturo of
the campaign was the appearance of these
old-time antagonists working for the com
mon cause tlio election of a ticket pledged
to put into effect tho new city charter and
ghe it a' square deal.
-UIi:.STint H. .LItIOIIT, ol! the Bureau
of Siincjt, was once associated with
William T. II. Uobcrts in building upcra- ,
tiotifi. lie helped to lay out the Glonsidc, 1
Llkini and T.atlinin I'nrls operation-?. Kob
erts was one of Philadelphia's earliest
operative builders who gradually branched
out to the Mvbnibs. He was an important
realty factor in the days of "Wideuev and
Hlkius.
"jVrAJOK IJOHKltT GltllTTTHS, .if lt'
" Cambria street, who lives in Harris
bnrg part of tho time, is tiie head of nn
orgHtiizatlnn ltnowu 11 s the IVmihyhania
League of Patriotic Workers. The league
lines up on. the Jlepuliliciin side of ecry po
litical otfiitnneri.v and is inspired very
largely hj the poetic utterances of its chair
man. The major is strong on Philadelphia
11111I Pennsylvania patriotism and likes to
"hold fast to the principles true" and
stand proudly by the "old'Ucd. White and
llhio."
,,, ,,,., . , T... ., ,..v .. , , , , , .
I ... ,....
i(. .IU I'l.M.vllJ UflliUUJIl. O Llilll. II IL.
the oldest, newtiimi)rmen organization in
America." does not iutend to onit the din
ncr-giviiig business. Prices may bo high
and Apollinuris may be bbut out by wa, but
President Paul A. Weadon and Secretary
William C Bowan have no tear on that
line. They get the crowd just the? same
The board of governors is headed by Frank
L. Knight. 11 political forecaster of keen
discernment, and enough of the oldtimers
gather in the historic rooms of the clubhouse
to make remlnis'citiK worth while. The Pen
and Pencil Olub holds its uttrnctimitt for
the younger men of the profession, but many
of the numbers haTe long, since qualified aa
"cterans" of the twenty five jcar service
cla-'.i.
CHABLnS
who is m
IS IL RRID, a former Jcrseyman,
now the live wire secretary of the
P.ron Board of Trade, believes in drivc.
He has been conducting ono recently for
new members. The Bronx, which is north
of the Harlem river, claims n population
of '.100,000 and the Board of Trade, wnteli
looks out for chic improicnjents there, has
n membership of over SO0 with a possible
"000 in prospect. The Bronx board is in
terested in waterway development and was
represented at the Charleston convention of
the tlantic Deeper Waterwajs Association.
(yen
Vy leagu
iu New .Tersej they have a state
league of municipalities which issues an
official publication having special reference
to municipal problems. Under the aus
pices of the League, the mayora get together
occasionally and tall: over matters of inu
lua' interest. They have subdivided them
selves into committees which treat of city
planning, health, hjgiene and sanitation,
municipal ownership, taxation and assess
ment, municipal home rule and legal matters.
Major Bacharaeli, of Atlantic City, brother
of the congressman, is at the head of the
committee of health, hygiene and sanitation,
and Mayor Donnelly, or Trenton, an early
advocate of coiiimlssion goiernment, Is on
the municipal home rule committee. The
Xew' Jersey majoM say their league has done
much good iu bringing about an exchange
of ideas and a more pronounced community
of interest. It is possible such 11 league may
lie formed in eastern Pennsjlvania, if not
for the whole state, it b"inp suggested that
some such league would be helpful not only
in respect to civics, but in cheeking up
thievery mid crime made possible bj the use
of the automobile, which ennblcs the culprit
to operate in one district and bide in nn
othcr. It is to be hoped, and in tlio light of
recent events is confidently expected, that
th'ere will be no need for tho students of the
T'niversity of Pennsylvania to keep tho
pledge suggested that they take the plnce of
strikers when a strike imperils the nation's
progress. It was Americanism that prompted
the pledge; it will be Americanism thut will
make its fulfillment unnecessary.
An order has been issued that nn nioro
bojs under eighteen maj be cnllMod in tlio
navy, iinigstors maj find sntUfactlon in
the knowledge that tlio disability will dis
appear with the j ears.
II will become at Ust a reflection on n
man's standing in tho community if he is not
suggested for at least one of the .-hj cabinet
positions bj tho Charleston itf. C.) dopc
hters. The fact that the pople of Berlin wel
comed Hindenburg and Ludendorff with the
singing of "Deiitschlaud Peber Alios" dis
counts all the piffle abuiit u "repentant Ger
many." It would be a grave mistako to deport
all the members of the I. ', w. But it
might be a good idea to deport those who
arc not hanged.
Tho only sure thing wc know concern
ing what is going on in Bussla Is that wo
know neit to nothing of what is going on
in Bussia.
Hazing at Franklin and Marshall Col
lege shows that educators are' still lacking in
ability to curb youthful brutality.
THE GUEST
SOMETIMES I feci that death is very
near,
And, with half-lifted hand.
Looks in my eyes and tells me not to fear
But walk his friendly land, '
Comrade with him, and wise
As Peace Is wise.
Then, greatly though my l1Ctu.t ,vitIj -t
moves
For dear Imperiled loves.
I somehow know
That death U friendly so,
A comfortable spirit ; one who takes
Long thought for nil our sakes.
I wonder: will he come that friendlv war
That guest, or roughly in the appointed day'
And will, when the last drops of life are
spilt,
Ivly sovlt b3 tprn from me.
Or, im?V-iP nj uu iriniiy bunt f 7
BJIff jiW w.umn .
rwaoR&furjnitvTater. in "rvo,.ifti-M
- - J " "vum.t m.
""-A
TES, BOLSHEVISM HAS
TREATY FIGHT DRAWS TO CLOSE
Conflict Between President and Congress Leaves Issue Open Sen
ate, Oversensitive, Insists, Like an Ittfcrior, on Its Equality,
B CLlNTpX W. (tlMIKUT
Maff iCorrtMWmltnt of tlio r.vcnlne I'olille Trtsfr
Washington, Nov. 10.
TIIE great fight between tho Executive
and Congress, represented b the Senate,
is drawing to a close. It is possible to count
the dead and wounded and contemplate the
victory, like the "famous victory" iu the
poem. The wounded is tho treaty, bow
seriously has not jet been decided; probably
it will turn out to be a mere scratch, which
will be forgotten in the years to come.
"Gassed" is the American public, and it
will recover. Dead, none.
Victory'; Tho Incentive has asked for an
armistice, but, like the Germans, doesn't
know that he has beeu beaten, nnd as there
won't be a disarmament the prospects ot
another great war are excellent.
Tlllfi trouble with th- tight has been that
it never could settle an.vthiug. Some say
wars never do settle an.vthing, and certainly
this war never could settlo. anj thing. The
issue between tlio President und by tlio
President I mean not Mr. Wilson, but the
office and Congress is moral, not legal.
Legally the two are equal; morally they arc
miles apart. And Congress has beeu lighting
to l-casseit that it is legally equal to the
Exccnttve, thing which the constitution
says f is, but which, in fact, it has not been
for a long time.
IT WAS .1 ditlliult and almost impossible
thing for President Wilson to write into
tho treaty as it was negotiated nt Paris
"subject to tho consent of the American
Congress," The treaty, more particularly
the covenant f the league of nations, had
to be generiil. It hnd to be adapted to forty
or fifty nations, each with a different form
of government. If the covenant had lo bo
made to conform expressly to the American
constitution, it should, with equal reason,
have recognized the peculiarities of govern
ment of .lapiui, Ital.v, Paraguay. Bumanin
and every other state. It would have been
endless and u mess.
The natural course to take was to assume
that the lovenant of the league did not over
ride the constitution of any of the powers
hi the league. When the league provided
that its members guaranteed each other's
territorial Integrity ii'juliist external aggres
sion, they did so, as fur as the United States
was concerned, subject to tho limitation that
'the American armed forces cannot, under
tho American" constitution, bo used in war
without tlio authority of Congress.
Btit Congress was not content (hat its au
thority should be taken for granted. , Like
all institutions and men a little fearful of
ita real autboritj, it had to declare its au
thority in the premises. In cver.v thing that
it has done since the treaty came before it
the Senate has shown that fear wbich a
weakened and declining institution shows.
It has written, or in probably about to write,
all over the treaty that it must be consulted
aud respected at every turn. It is exceed
ingly anxious about Its own prestige. Almost
every reservation that it is about to write
into the treaty declares that the assent of
Congress must first be obtained, and this
notwithstanding tlio fact that the American
constitution in the more important instances
provides that Congress must first assent.
IK WOKD.S Congress has stiengthened its
position'. It has written the word "Con
gress" everywhere. It hem pulled itself up
by its own Bootstraps, it hub legislated
itself back into greatness regardless of the
fact that, like water, legislation doesn't
riso any higher than its own source. And
legally, constitutionally, the position of Con
gress, before tlio extremely eelf-funsclous
legislative brauch began to legislate itself
into authority, was just as secure as It could
possibly be.
VVncrr u ou Jinn inv '"( mo tya
Wicn,v" " v;;."."WT'-
. j-14 l a n tit vl n M nn H tr tliA AtnaHiinrt tnAi.fc
uumiy .rcuecieu; sm m vwiRrpoa, err-
"&. I"' ";r";cr." vl" IIA. rZtritlZZU
mirju ?r V"?f ukaMJMHm uf ttnu t
ly.uotto eontfMW. 'vrvwtt acts the
....CM
A LARGE AND ENTHUSIASTIC FOLLOWING
IN THIS COUNTRY
IW" ,-.11.
y":: - v
it"-vr
l":r - L"" - 23
country look for leadership? Certainly not
to Congress. Usually the two oflices are
whole hemispheres apart. It may be a pity
that this is true, but it is true, and no
amount of writing "subject to the. approval
of Congress" all over new institutions will
alter the situation.
1
THE Executive has a competence that
Congress has not. The Executive has a
breadth of view thut Congress has not. Tho
Executive bus information that Congress has
not. The Executive is free from a certain
pettiness thnt inheres inescapably in Con
gress. This is a government of public
opinion.
Congress has "posted" its estate, "No
shooting on these premises without the con
sent of the owner." And the public will puj
just as muih attention to those signs as n
marchiug army pays to similar signs on a
peasant's farm. And the President, tho rep
resentative of public opinion, will in crises
pay the same regard to Congress that the
President paid to Congress during the war.
TAI
Tl
'heoretically it belongs to Congress nnd
tho Executive wnits upon the will of the.
legislative in declaring war. Praeticallj, the
declaring of war by Congress is only a for
mality. It was Mr. Wilson who declared
this war. The cry of lOlli was "He," not
Congress, "kept us out of war." And we
stayed out of war until "he" had made up
his mind to enter or ut least until he had
satisfied himself thut the mind of the coun
try bad been made up to enter the war.
When tho President asked Congress to
declare war there was no question about its
doing what he asked it to do. The only ques1
tion was whether there .would be nnjbody in
either house who would vote aguinst .declar
ing war. The real decision in regard to war
bad beeu inniln beforo by tlio Executive, or
by public opinion led by the Execul.ivo. Con
gress merely formally approved the decision
nnd had nd real choice.
And tho same thing will happen next time,
without any regard to the pathetic sigus with
which Congress is just posting its constitu
tional estate!
And Congress had and bus genuine reason
for anxiety regarding tho future with its
larger commitments of the nation interna
tionally, und that, too, irrespective jf the
lauguuge in which the league of nations
covenant is couchtd.
TIIE relations of tho lcgislativo and the
oxocuthe havQ pabscd through two stages
nnd are entering a' third stage. The first
stage was when this country consisted of u
grouVi of stntCB and was very littlo a nation.
The interests wero local, The central in
terestR were only rudimentary. That period
was the period of Congress. Congress was
nt homo with the local interests. It was tho
spirit of localism personified. It is tho samo
thing today. That was its strength in the
early years when the country wus turning
from 11 confederacy into a nation. It has
been iits weakness ever binco the nation
emerged, ,
It is a question of information. Congress
knows the states and the 'districts best. The
Executive knows the nation best. He is the
only ono who can bee tho thing us u whole.
When the national interests became more
important than the local iuterests the sec
ond stage was reached, and with it came the
aggrandizement of tho Executive. In the
first stage Congress knew. In the second
Btage tho President knew. And knowledge
is power in this democracy of ours.
In this third stage which we entered with
the beginning of the war came the impor
tance of u new set of interests world inter
ests, international interests, Here emphati
cally again the President knows. The wholo
international organization of tho country
centers in him. Tlio diplomatic function is
in his hands. The diplomatic agents sjo his,
And diplomacy ia a secret art, n kind pf
mystery, a "(ugner apucre into wncn njero
" "J.i."mM, rnnnob Mnetrate.
""ttt - V-.
ftri&WMlM View! with alarm this naw
I v "5SnBCV j-lII '..- ,'
v mwthmK"" " wr wnwt
- I I . ,
uJk .!
i
- 'i
- .t
- rr
isphcrc of knowledge which belonged by right
to the President. Tho pre-eminence of tl-
executive in this field is almost constltu
tionally guaranteed. But even if it were
not it is assured by the Executive's pocses
sion of knowledge which, in spite of open
diplomacy, Congress cannot share.
The weakness of Congress always iu that
it does not know. The strength ml the Ex
eciitivo is ulvvajs '.mt ho does know. And
hero was a new and big area which he would
know and Congress would not. It is pos
sible to co another aggrandisement ot the
Executive in tho development of interna
tional relations.
And Congress has been vaguely aware 0
this threat which the 'future holds. It has
looked quite justly upon the covenant of the
league of nations as the sign manual of
further Executive aggrandizement. It waa
tho book of the mysterj of foreign relations,
of world relations, which were going to make
the petty concerns in which Congress is
expert more petty than over. And rather
pathetically Congress has demanded that i
be initiated into this sphere. It is as pa
thetio as tho case ot a wife who hasn't kept
paco with a husband in his upward progress
nnd who forever wants to know.
But tho weakness of Congress is not n
lack of legal rights; It is its incapacity
TyJO AMOUNT of posting its constitutions
-1-' estate with rcbcrvations will save Con
grcss. Therefore, so far as future Execu
lives nnd legislatives are concerned, the
"pplondid victory" just won is nothing
Unless Congress can get to know more about
national interests' thun the President does,
and know more about world affairs than ho
does and develop a greater capacity to act
thun he has, it is doomtd to tho consolations
of a purely theoretic' equality with the
Executive.
What Do You Know?
QUIZ
1. What is a grange?
". Prince Sixtus, brother of the Empress 01
Austria, has just murriod a French
girl. In what signilicant incident o"
the w-ar did ho figure?
!1. How many ships were built at Hog
Island in fifteen months?
4. Who was Edward Whympor?
fl. Who is the patron saint of Spain
0. What is Georgo M. Cohan's original
surname?
7. What is a helve?
5. From what language do wo get moat
of our words connected with the
Hjeiitre?
0. What is tho difference in England bt
tween a solicitor und a barrister?
10. What is a quinquagenarian? w
Answers 'to Yesterday's Quiz
1 . Two famous books written by foreigner?
concerning American government nnd
institutions aro "Tho American Com
monvveulh," by James, Bryce, an
Englishman, and "Democracy in
America," by De Toquevllle, a Froncb-
man.
2. Thofltst foil of Jerusalem occurred in
C80 B. 0., when tho Babylonians,
under Nebuehadnozznr, captured the
city nnd destroyed the temple.
II, St. Andrew is the patron saint of
Scotland,
4, Germany bujlt 705 submarines during
the war,
5. In the French phrase "bon mot," the
final "t" Ir silent. Tho "n" of "bon"'
has a nasal sound.
fl. The House of Lords has voted againet
" admitting women members.
7. Henri Vieuxtcmps wa a noted Belgian
violinist und composer.. Ilia dates are
1820-1881.
8, Three kinds of whales a-ro finback
Nvhales, right whales and sperm whales,
0. Tho Washington Monument, counting
from tho first day of Its construction,
is soventyono years old,
,J0,, William Penn obtained PennBylv.auia jn
peyiftwt K a, ihbt' of-tBlxtfen'thbuaaua-
; mwi $w-t- fourth 'W H Kn,; .
.UrjhrjMrTaf.w,
ml
,
4i
1 a
'Mi.
ii
- J VI il WU&s.rffi. . . .M