mvri ii EVENING PUBLIC LlDDGER-PHlLADELPHlA, THTJK&IMA DEOJjMbER '26, 1918 i ftfriMAW v!? GREAT EDDY STONE PLANT READY TO CEASE LABOR V ." 'i' 7 L i' p fr FiV It If i N r h ( ' n i r t f K WttnOfJ frta rre One IMuk Company has maila In round ambers 3.000,000 rifles for both th British and American Governments. It md Britain before- It armed America rii When worklne at top weed It has kfciplojed as many as 16,000 hands, 20 er cent of them beinr women, Its payroll has run about J 375,000 A week, It 10,000 machines are worth $5,000,- 000 alone, it ti had on hand constantly resent stocks of cuttlns tools mada of ths oostllest steel, worth from 11,000,000 to 3,00O,000. . Day after day It has turned out com, Matn EEOO rifles some days 6B00 livery part for eery rifle, down to h smallest screws, has been made In ths plant. To make. 000 rifles In a day entails . tdtal of 15,000,000 single operations av HMitember of 1917 Its first Ameri can rifle was delivered to the Govern ment, Twelve months later It had completed 1,000.000 rifles. These facts and figures Klve rome notion of the vastness of the plant. Only n Islt to the placn Itself and iimira Riwnt walking through Its acres of swiftly whirling belts and speeding machines couiu convey an i""'i'o " of the plant's great sire and ceaseless Industry. The beginnings of the great inns lactory at Edd stone go back to the early dajs of the European war. when England's need created It and when few Americans were sufficiently far-seeing to realize that ultimately this countrj would become Involved. Aauclaln's Prophecy Onomanat least who had to do will, tho erection of the Eddystono tlflc plant read the handwriting on tho wall He was Samuel M. Vauclaln. vice P' of the Baldwin Locomotive Works The Baldwin Company built tho plant When tho broad lines of Its -0"8"u.c; tlon wero being laid out Mr Vauclaln aid In effect to his associates "Let us build It big. Let us make It the greatest of rifle plants for sooner or later, this country must bo drawn Into the! war. and If we build ade quately now wo will bo able to do our best for the nation then." o .. v.. ,111 it ns It stands When America sprang to arms to help the world win back Its freedom the Mld vale Steel and Ordnance Company was ready. The machines were there, need ' lne but few changes to manufacture the American type of rifle. The execu. tlvo personnel was there A largo nu cleus of trained nnd ctpm men ana women were ready to build the rifles that armed Americans In the great ...,,, Tim rifle ulant wan a. great. Bwlft-ninnlng. perfectly -functioning or ganization . . nek In 1014, when the war caught all th world but Germany unprepared. Britain needed rifles Her own plants could not turn them out nearly fast enough She came ior ueiw i ......... In May of 1915 tho spot where the rlflo plant now .tanas was a si-mi . of swampy land adjacent to the Bald win works at Eddystone On May 11 rround was broken for the rifle works Mid-August saw the first pieces of machinery stored In tho building, then well on toward completion By the end of tho month the furnaces were going '"'Tho last day of 1915 at the Lddystone plsnt was historic. On that day they completed their first rifle fpr the British Government. From the breaking of ground In a BWimp It had taken less than eight months to build a modern factory with thirty-three acres of floor space : to pur chase and set up rifle-making machinery all of which had to be especially man ilfacturedr for tho purpose to get to gether a huge stock of the finest and scarcest steels; to fabrlcato millions of email parts, made with accuracy car Tied to the thousandth part of an Inch and less; to assemble these In tho com pleted product. miles for the British It was an achievement even In this day and land of mechanical miracles In all, the Mldvale Steel nnd Ordnance Company made 600,000 rifles for the British Government. Most of them went to France. One hundred thousand, however, wero shipped tcr far Mesopo tamia, where sun-bitten English Tom nileB carried them In that terrible march to Bagdad l The rifle made for England was the j;nfield of 1914. chambered for tho Brit ish type of rim cartridge of 30.1 caliber A fine, hard-shooting accurate weapon, the best rifle that had been devised prior to the war. And these rifles were turned out In such huge quantities at EddyBtone that at the peak of production tho Mid sale Steel and Ordnance Company was jnaklnpr more English rifles than all tho arsenals and private plants of England Combined. Then camo our entrance into mo war From the first month It was evident that we would need huge armies. They had to po raised, trained, equipped, trans ported abroad in record time. Making rifles for them was one of our biggest problems. Shortly after war was declared the officials of the country's -various rifle planti. wero called to Washington for r conference with Secretary Baker He laid (Hey nation's needs before them He asked them to estimate how long It would take to deliver rifles of the Amer ican type In the quantities needed They eatd six months The Mldvalo Steel and Ordnance Com pany agreed to furnish Its first quota of American rmes Dy rsovemoer i-, ivi. It did so on September 17 By September of 1918, a year after these first rifles were turned over to the United States, a total of 1.000,000 had been manufactured and delivered This was record production faster than even the British rifles were made The Millionth Rllle On the 23d of September the em ployes of the plant celebrated the making of the millionth rifle. It was a rreat occasion. The broad courtyard In fiout of tha rifle factory held 14,000 people, workers and guests. Secretary Daniels wan there, with representative.) of the Secretary of War, of the army, of the' various departments or Government J Hrlgadler General John T Thompson, present director of arsenals at Washlnr-1 ton, and one of the men who assisted In ths organization and development of tha Eddystone Jijant, cabled news of the millionth rifle to Generat Porshlng Mr. Vauclaln, on bthalf of the plant's employes, presented the millionth rifle to Charles H. Schlacki, general manager of the works, and the man who Is cred ited by officers and employes alike with havjns; had the biggest share in per Meeting and maintaining the great or-i ganliatlon. Thl millionth rifle was bought forj ilm by tho employes themselves. They. , 'i , -. mt. imv W i Have you ever thought how easy it i ,. i 1. Uli Lnv1tMnnr1 flVMr ft Aiwa -l " TflW IMWinruV iWi w (fcavw Mr reoma "a thorough change" awl a cheery air of newness by a simple rearrangement of the rugs,, tc, that can be made in five mln- ?. . . . subscribed n. penny each to make the purchase and had more than a hundred dollars over for the lied Cross To show the spirit of Industrv of the great plant It might be mentioned here that the emploves on that gala day, when they celebrated the making of the millionth rifle, kept right on the Job until 3:30 o'clock lb the afternoon Until tho moment the whistle sounded to cease work, the machines and the men and women who ran them sped faster, If. anything, than usual, o that there might be no production loss. The spirit of the employes Is one of tho most Interesting things about the big rllle works They havo earned good wages, but they have Blvfcn full value. Never was there a day's shutdown; never was there an hour's labor disturbance The workers vv ero too busy , too patriotic, too certain of the fair intentions of theli em plovers, to listen to agitators Million! for Liberty Uondi It is signtflcvn, too, that, the workers, men and women, bought more than J3.000.000 worth cf the various I.lbortv Ixin Issues, besides Investing large sums In war-savings stamps and contributing generously to the War Chest and Hid Cros So much for the workers now for their product. The rifles made at Kdds stone for th American nnnv aro the last word In small arms Tlioy combine tho best qual ities of both the nritlsli Knllem ana xne old American Springfield The nrltlsh arm uses a cartridge of ,303 caliber Tho mcrlcan nimy foi icars has been using a JO calmer car- trldge When our country went Into the war American rifle plants which had I ecu miklnc snn.ll nrini for England could have continued making the mmo type and caliber arm for the Lnltcd folates without the loss of a da v. That, however, would have mule nicvssarv two kinds of ammunition Bather than risk the danger and Incon venience of this course, thu Wnr Hepart mint accepted tho delay ini Idcntal to changing machines nnd manufacturing a new stock of parts The lessons American rifle makers had learned In manufacturing tho British Enfield helped nuke the new American rlflo the truest-shooting, hardest-hitting military rlflo ever devised The rlflo with which our new armies are e-nulnned is known ns the United States rifle caliber 30 model 1917. It has a muzzle velocity of J750 feet, com- pared to th.- 2-'0n feet niurzie velocity of i the Enfield The rvploslve pressure de- vcloped in tho Amtrknii rih Is 51 Olio pounds, compared to tlio 40,000 pounus 1 of the British arm Our rifles are tested with a bursting charge) equivalent to 70 000 pounds to the Ineh ns against the 5:,000-pound-per-lnch test charge of tho Enfield Tho frun made at Eddystono and used by our troops in France will kill a man at thrco miles It shoots so aceuratcly that a trained marksman can hit an Individual with It at a fulL mile It Is worth while quoting a letter written by an army raptnln In France about tho Eddystono rifle to one of tho assistant general managers of tho plant We w ent through thc M Mlhlel drive, and ns 1 wrllo the drive of No vember 1 Is going merrily on started I 15 iu in Some 3600 piece!) of artil lery let go at that time You ean eas'lly Imagine the way the earth rocked as 'Wilson's Answer" wont home Our big guns usually carry a placard 'Wil son's Answer,' and after the barrage has been placed and our boys go over, then the Sprlngfleld-Enfleld, or model 1917, rifles come into their own. The nifle for Bayonet Work "I hRve handled many rifles, old and new, SprlngflelK Krags. Mauners and a fv nthrrs but when It comes to service, tho sturdy -built Eddystone rifle cortalnly delivers the goods The stock Is so strong that it makes an ideal rifle for bayonet work I have in St. Mlhlel seen many evidences of thc bayo net on the business' end of an Enfield make perfecttv good Huns out of bad ones they were, of course, dead ones Tho German rlflo Is but a toy compared to our1?" ..... , The man who wrote that letter knows the Eddvstono rllle Ho ha staked his life on it Tho letter links tho shops with the battlefield Tho fame spirit eif wrvlco that made our soldiers Indomitable In the fle-ld lias animated He me 11 anil women nt lalho nnd drill Tin too. are he roes (So Into the shops and von will see this spirit It la linpossiblo to describe tho actual making of rifles at Eddv stone it Is an extreme, ly complex undertaking is you may realize If you reflect n inomont upon the statement made early In this article that there aro 15,000.000 single operations entailed In a day's output qf 6000 rifles To do so vast a joo in a , wmi even the 15,000 employes who were at work with production V Its height, naturally means perfect svstem Every man does Just hla own Job Ho has Y. Z. R. FURNlTURfc FXONOVn PRICES LOUIS E. WISER Wholesale Retail TaSwIW 260 S. 5th St. 6 rURNITUKE VIAMT. FXnilllT 1II.DO. Open Htturilaj Kttnlnn SIS GINGER ALE (Jfaefe torn tHttilled tceiler ontw The Beverage for the New Year For jour New Tear celebration and for all the seasons of this promising new yeai of 1919. Held at Dreir Rtorea and Community Uteres Specialist in Promptl Kepalr Service, 1 I ft'Sl jjvl i tajrai I studied every movement of hands nnd body, so ai to get tho most work out of the feu est motions He may opernto one or several machines If several, he times their operations so that he can adjust one Idle tool wMIe tho others are working Every floor of the great plant Is close i packed with machinery, ranged In broad trucks that clang about nil day with isles so that electric "Jitneys," tho loads of raw material or purls In various stages of completion, can run freely back and forth As far as eve can reach down the long vistas of machinery stretch forests of belting there are seventy -Ave miles of whirling belts In the 'receler de partment ' alone The making of this receiver in lav man h language tho part of the rifle that holds the loading nnd llrlng mech anism Is one of the most painstaking and important tasks In rifle manufac ture It goes through 144 operations At the start It Is a forging of the finest steel weighing eight pounds Complete It weighs about eight ounces Learned a Tlity Worked When tho Eddy Mono plant was built few men understood rifle making I"cvv plants made the machine lools for It Kddy stone studied the problem ns It un folded, first adoirtlng and then perfect ing processes already In use Automatic tools aro used In most op erations They are marvellously accu rate In this connection It might be mentioned that the Midvnlc Metl nnd Ordn ince ComDanv has the finest ma chine tool shop in America devoted rn- tlrcly to tho manufacture of Its own cut ting tools J -, - f, of rl,le"ha"r One of tho most engrossing opera- rcls The barrel Is whirled agulnst a hollow, stantlonerv drill at the speed of 1S00 revolutions a minute Oil forced through tho drill under pressure brings back the minute steel chips A barrel la drilled at the rate of about nn Inch a minute A somewhat nlmllur tnaihlno reams out the first flno hole cut by the drill fetlll another puis In the delicate grooves which we know as 'rifling" Before the rifle is assembled tho bar r"l and action nro tested by flrlnB through them a Bpeclal bursting charge, developing a pressure of 70,000 pounds to tho square Inch Tho test shot Is fired Into sand A number of rifles are fired nt once, racked In a frame nnd discharged automatically. The testing Is done In a series of little armored roomgi bu,ot and Bp,nt . proof an(1 the ni,.ninr fira i - i, i. ,c ,,ition behind a thick steel shield to rUim, nS.linBl thc cInnKor of a lIcfectUe t,arr.j 1 T.le assembled rlflo Is fired agiln for accuracy by Government eipcrtu Every proicsa or Its manufniture, of eouixe, Is under Government supervision Tllero aro more than a thou end Government employes at Eddystone who do nothing hut Inspect Tho plant's own Inspec tors likewise follow the rlllo through all Its processes, from raw material to finished product. Tills firing for accuricv Is one of the things that catches the Interest of tlio I eiutslder visiting tlio plant. If lie be, luckv enough to win through the door thnt Is guarded against even plant em-( ployes Into thq long, narrow 'shooting gallery " Hero experts ' lav ' the rifle I mi'iiT "" 1 i' " tw. 1 , 1, 11 1 1 , My Jr.rbdzr.ij ri-Jt 1 ' ' 'J 'Tu.'-' 'TcSMy3 BBBaaBBRavfjn I jnvrnBBHBawM iiti mJP-mxstrj2?mffSSkW!BK jTCWajaaa Cattle Buying For Swift & Company Swift & Company buys more than 9000 head of cattle on an average, every market day. Each one of them is "sized up" by experts. Both the packer's buyer and the commission salesman must judge what amount of meat each animal will yield, and how fine it will be, the grading of Jhe hide, and the quantity and quality of the fat. Both must know market conditions fjor live stock and meat throughout tho country. The buyer mustknow where the different qualities, weights, and kinds of cattle can be best marketed as beeT. If the buyer pays more than the animal is worth, the packer loses money on it. If he offers less, another packer, or a shipperor feeder, gets it away from him. If the seller accepts too little, the live-stock raiser gets less than he is entitled to. If he holds outformore than it is worth, he fails to make a sale. . " f a , 4 A variation of a few cents in,the price per hundred pounds is a matter of vital importance to the packer, because it means tho difference between profit and loss. with the nld of a telescopic sight. I'lfty slx. rllle rests are gotnr at once. They lire fired nt small paper targets set up 100 feet from the muzzle. Four out of Ave shots must hit Inside a rectangle measuring one by one and a half Inches Eye-Straightening Barrels Another fascinating operation Is the final straightening of rlflo barwls. This Is done by eye, which proves more ac curate than any machine yet devised. The experts who do this work use a big and curious vise, with -a Jaw ac tuated by a heavy wheel. The con trivance looks like an old.fashloned let ter press set on a pedestal nbout as high as a man's head. The stralghtener puts the barrel In his vise and sights through the boie at a straight black line on tho background of a glazed glass window Ho doesn't seo the line through the barrel, but ho docs see two parallel shaelows cast down the barrel half Its length If tho shadows are ex actly parallel the barrel Is straight. If they- wa,ver the barrel is crooked and pressure of the vise Is applied at the right place to Btralghten It. It takes -v highly educated eye to seo the slight wavering of tlicso lines Not every eye Is capable of this kind of education Barrel strnlRhtenets aro 'born," tho experts sav, more truly even than are poets When Eddystone got Into the business of rulemaking thcie werei only threo or four real barrel stralghtcners obtainable In the country. Eddystone hired ns much of tho avail able supply as was possible, then began to train a big corps of' experts of Its own. It Is related that about the best man developed at Eddystone had never looked through a rlflo barrel In his life bcrpro somo ono accidentally discovered the power he did not know ho owned Ho iiad been employed for months in tho plant br an Iceman, delivering Ice In ,1 zlnc-Ilncd truck While you watch a gun stock Is made. Saws, drills, turning IhHics work with human accuracy Each process takes but a few moments When eut and turned the stocks arc put In racks nnd dipped In linseed oil, which eoaks Into overy pore Stock assembly Is comparatively slni pl0 if you aro an expert becauso of the absolute Interchangenblilty of parts Beforo Eddystone studied and perfected this assembly Job a good workman ASJJJIUS 1 S MJUULSJLS JJ J Itj.; GRAND OPENING TODAY Unwrpaiud for Itf Ittlian Cinnne a vn-tv n"VD''7 en" rem erilB KPirrni? wirxTKn intiij1: Heart of the Shopping DUtrict, 122 So. 13 ill Si. If you enme In the ep'plng jou will com again nnd sssln Our famous Italian Chefs will to that FamouM a la Carte Dinners Luncheons Special After Theatre Supper I'llONK NOW FOR TAni.K RESFR- VATirfSS OR M'.M IRAK'S K K Swift & Cdmpany, U. S. A. Seven Wholesale Distributing Markets Central Office, 9th and Girard Ave. t?. M? Hall, District Manager woulel put together fifty rifles In a day and feel proud of his work. Now many of tho men assemble 200 rifles a day. One man, who holds the plant record, has assembled 285 rifles In ten hours Itrsdy far the Front When the last Job Is dono and the rlflo stands complete It Is given a pro tecting bath of vaseline before being packed for shipment. In a rack with many others It la swung over a 'vat of hot vaseline and dipped In. The llepjld vaseline clings to barrel, stock and work ing; parts. When It hardens It makes a thick Incrustation, Impervious to wate or dampness ' Then tho rifles are read;' for packing, ten to the crate They go out In freight care or motortrucks, which aro run right Into the delivery room for loading. And then overseas 1 This Is but a glimpse of the work at nddystone-9A few of tho things that stand out sW vividly that the least tech nical visitor cannot help seeing them. It would be a hopetess task to attempt to picture the real eights and sounds of tho place Eddy etone U still hard at work, de spite the Government order that will put out the forge fires and still the roar of the hammer shop next month. Botweon 3000 nnd 6000 employes are nt work there now. Eddystono has completed Its task. It has faced nnd won Its big fight. It will simply mo "demobilized," like the gallant army It equipped The thousands who work there will carry with them, when they leave ths plant next January, the same deep, quiet pride that Is the soldier's best memento of tho war. They have done their work. ROOFING MATERIALS I.. D. DCRQER CO.. S N. 2D STREET Main 4000 Market 584 FOR PAIE: LARGE JIOUSE AND f.HOt!M)S, IAROR I'ORCIIE'S. BUIT- Am.R rot j'RiVATr, iiosrijAi, IMIH II NrKDEIl). ViOT FAR FROM iu;tiiii.iii;m va healiiiv lo cation. LOW TRICE. GARIS & SHIMER fiFTin "iirvi . r. A,re You Supplied With UNDERDOWN'S $1.50 Each Alrrnfi rv completa 'J - - 1 Hpfortment to thcoi 3 fCr $4- from The bit hlrt I In town t th price ufl Attatlied and Detached A. R. Underdown's Sons 202-204 Market St. EMnWIilifcl Since 1830 Skirts du- December Demonstration Sale The December Demon stration Sale will run for four days Friday, Satur day, Monday, Tuesday and during that time very special values will be offer ed in every, department. New lots will be advortised daily, but many of the re- auctions are in. quantities too small to advertise being broken lines and rumpled ' goods loft from the great est Holiday Belling we have ever had. It will pay you well to visit the store and share in the savings which our Demonstration Sales always bring. DECEMBER DEMONSTRATION SALE AH Winter Milliner;? Greatly Reduced An annual, event which is always eagerly awaited by many of our customer!, as it affords an opportunity to got a seasonable, stylish Hat at very much less than the rog ular prices. $15.00 to $45.00 Hats for $5.00, $10.00, $15.00 Dress Hats trimmed with ostrich feathers and flowers. $12.00 and $15.00 Hats Reduced to $5.00 Sports and Tailored Hats in many shapes and colors. Children's $15.00 Dress Hats Reduced to $7.50 Children's Vclour Hats, all colors $5.00 Special THIRD FLOOR DECEMBER DEMONSTRATION SALE W omen s o4.au i', v'WjJsHJ M s r. m y. r h Twi. i vxu n i i Nrftj , t w DECEMBER DEMONSTRATION SALE Women s Coats at Half Price Two of the large number of styles included are illustrated there are many others fur-trimmed and plain, heavy and medi um weight. Jersey Coats, Poiret Twill Coats, Gabardine Coats, Wool Velour Coats, Velour .de Nord Coats, Plush. Coats, Silk Faille Coats, Wool dheck Coats. Of some there " is but one of a kind and sjze, but of others nractically all sizes. Every Coat included is marked at ex actly half of the original price. None of these Coats can be sent C. Q D. or on approval, and all sales must be final no? .subject to return or exchange. Here is a partial list of the reductions: Women's $29.50 Coats for 514.75 Women's 535.0Q Coats for $17.50 Women's $40.00 Coats for $20.00 Women's $60.00 Coats for $3.00 Women's $75.00 Coats for $37.50 Women's $95.00 Coats for $47.50 Women's $125.00 Coats for $62.50 Women's $195.00 Coats for $37.50 scMmS tV 2$2 pi Street's TOj 'Best Place J) WW Misses' Suits Reduced y&aa Mkh S titnfc' xjHv ftQw TOfti flKiW iB ci vJm x5L 'W&K iHH! I I IHL 'MmAA1 ft "'Tl V?'l' ! m L w mm wm M 3r' if ' I Wr. mm m WWMlL M, memm : 21' "!' ' fl". Jto $59.00 SuUa at $15.00 Volour and Duvet do Laine Suita in green, bro.wn and taupo; lined with peau de cygne and warmjy interlined; one of the styles is illustrated; sizes 14, 16 and 18 years; reduced to $45.00 from $59.00. $82.00 to $195.00 Suite, $69.00 and $79.00 Velour, Silvertone and Velveteen Suits in misses' sizes; original copies of imported mod6h; trimmed with Hudson Seal or Skunk; two of the styles nro shown in cut; were $82.00 to $195.00 now $09.00 and $79.00. Vclour Suits in various styles, orie of which is shown; green, deer, navy, brown; lined with peau do cygne and interlined; sizes 14, 16 and 18 years; reduced to $29.75 from $39.75 to $58.00. A small lot of Junior Suits in tan and green only; all-wool material, warmly interlined; sizes 13, 15 and 17 years special at $25.00 for quick clearance. A few Suits from last season in navy serge, mixtures and taffeta, misses' sizes reduced to $15.00 wonderful values. SECOND FLOOR Suits at Half Price wqignt ?62.50 ex J ' ' ' tmtAiJfti i.i i Ji Jul' HriKJft iii lt,. i mi Mini vrx w Ai ran WSXA2fsmm MgWiPIn J 'i Mi!, BBSBsHw tKSt iFti wTrll TH wm , , BWI $55. " . IJ $9750 l ' W JCZfJGiiXviuC: December Demonstration Sale These Suits are taken right from our own stocks and a large number of attractive styles are v included, both plain tailored and fur-trimmed. Materials are serge, tricotine, mixed and cljeck woolens, shantung, wool velour, bolivia, broadcloth; blackv and colors. Many are in light- maierjais suuaDio ior pon- em wear, in sports' styles. .Every" Suit included in the sale is marked at exactly half of the original price. The following is but a partial list of the reductions. None will be sent C. O. D. or , on approval and all sales must be final. Women's $27.50 Suits for $13.75 Women's $38.00 Suits for $19.00 Women's $48.50 Suits for $24.25 Women's $55.00 Suits for $27.50 Women's $60.00 Suits for $30.00 Women's $80.00 Suits for $40.00 Women's $98.00 Suits for $49.00 Women's $125 Suits for $62.50. Women's $145 Suits for $72.50 Women's $198 Suits for $99.00 TIHHD FLOOR t TIIIIID FLOOR &(3$i& Swwur&, f rf t.C.-ii'i v t tlvH, I m 4A M j 1 3t3ivt Time x, ssn ' ..V'feB s ;'i c .11 oil " , i. "- - A-J 1 V .,0 Vi '. " f1 .J ' ' wQijpry- s ... 0 '