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EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER-PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY; DECEMBER 5, 1918
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THE EVENING'TELEGnAPH
TUBLIC LEDCEn COMPANY
onus it. ic curtis, rxrsrotxT
Chsrlts II, Ludlnaton. Vlc President : John C
Martin, Secretary- ami Treasurer, Philips. rollme,
John n, Williams, John J. Spuracon, Directors.
EDITC-niAI, J30AHU:
Cncs II. K, Ccitis, Cbalrnun
BA.VID E. SM1LCT Editor
JOHN C MARTIN.... General Husli.t Manager
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THE JOYS O.F rUBLtC SERVICE
M'ADOO Is out. naruch S out. John D
Ityan hai rjuit his place at tho top
of: the aircraft board. Doctor llarfioKi
now Joins tho chorus of the resigneis, and
thero aro signs of an cutward movement
elEewhere in tho ranking personnel of tho
war machine which Mr. Wilson built in
a. hurry. Mr. Schwab is looking eagerl
toward private life and hit resignation H
supposed to bo in tho President's hands.
Of Mr. McAdoo It may bo raid that he
hi leaving a colossal task half finished
Ho dislocated tHc railroad system and
theroforo would seem to bo tho logical
man to aid in iti readjustment" to a
peaco basis. Doubtless there i .1 ust
amount of tonstructlvo work thai tl.o
other chiefs in wnerafney depjitmcnts I
might do in tho next year. Yet it is haul
to blame them for quitting a hen ire which
Is invariably thankless and without pioflt
Doctor Garfield had les leason than ar.j
of his associates in th" war machine to
wish to stay in office. Of all the ofllclals
in. tho war service ho was the moht m
sistently criticized. Ho wai the alluung
tarffot for thousands of grumbling citizen"
Llko the others who organized hpeual de
partrflents in Washington, he left more
congenial work for a putiiotk dutj.
Schwab turned away from tho nff.iirs of
a -vast corporation and imperiled his per
sonal fortune. McAdoo. on his own ac
count, went broko in ofllce. The fellow
citizens of theso public servants never
seemed to remember their ci.stenre miles
there was causo for complaint.
And yet wo wonder in Anient a whv
st larger number of gifted men no not
devote themselves to the sonni' f M.i
commonwealth! Though William Ilohcnzolli rn i em
phatically undesirable, Iio is crrta.nl-v not 1
uncalled ox.
NO EUROPEAN HOLIDAY? UF
THE European Governments contem
plating continuing the ban against
tourists until some tuno after tho feigning
"of peace aro wisels- considerate not only of
themselves but of tho would-be- vi-utoifc.
Ileconstruqtlon on a vast hcalo it the need
of tho moment in parts of Italy, Kclgium
and France, and tho latter country dis
plays 60und judgment in intent to pro
hibit tho entrance of any person not pre
pared to assist in such work.
But tho chronic tourist also, although
his long-suppressed zeal for travel remains
without European outlet, has valid cause
to applaud tho arrangement. I'oimerly he
relied on tho paternal and exhaustive Karl
Baedeker to blaze the wuy in Wnds of an
alien tongue. Today many of those red
tell-talo volumes aro out of date and void
of authority.
, jZaberri can no longer l.o tiacked down
iit'tho index, of "The fthlne" handbook.
It'fl Saverne -now, vhile Strassburg has
Jost -an "s" and gained an "o." "Kaiser
platze" vanish in favor 'i" "Waco "n- la
Itepublique." Xew Loundaiy ;inc3 mean a
completo reclassitlcation nf "Trae'.er'.s
Onides." It will be well for tho comfort
of unllingual travelers, to which category
fmoa Americans belong, to wait until hi
movements abroad can bo enzily safe
guarded as in tho days of old.
t Furthermore, there ii something t-uggea-
. tivo of heartlessness in the concept of
making a holiday just now amid hemes
eternally hallowed by supremo tragic sac-
, rlflco. When Franco is ready to rcreh c
tho fat-pursed tourist and caro for him
with tho former offectionato interest she
will open her arms.
-No whlstlei blow when troop sr.ijis. Lear
injr' wounded return. Heart throb.i pay a
tenderer tribute.
DER TAG FOR AUTOMOBILE
"T7TIEN gasltss Sundays cams the heart
" of all that world that rides or hopes
to rido on rubber tires struck bottom It
seemed then that the automobile was to
bo exiled for long. Now the man who
used to he King of Prussia and German
'Emperor by tho Will of Gott is In exile.
Thoy call him Bill. The war Is over
verywhore but In Congress. .The War
"rt- if Department bcems to havo found a sub-
utitute for gasollno that is more powerful
thnn ems Itself and so ehean as to tnlcn
mi all tho sMnn ot of joyriding. Tho war,
hf that tnreatenpu temporarily to paralyze
I u tht motor industry, has Klven it new vi-
t at T . . . -
itajlty ana a tremenuous lot or pnceiens
, advertising, Tho gasollno engine was one
of the great victors at Armageddon. It Is
j, ' jro wonder that the joy bells are ringing
, '' ,in the motor trado or that the Automobile
Si Trade Association of this city is to have
--; i Jubilee neit week.
k'-s i? '' BJven those who do not drive motorcarn
' rtgrettod to teo the automobile threatened
, "' wHh temporary extinction. Tliey could
. l.fijSra.y e(tt a thrill out of the advertisements.
i')V2!sM not remember tho unbelievably
ifaiiii))' 01 rive jii uiuriuujii uiu
L.toiaivr."throujrti ft. -panorama of
$!"& tffftj JWft of th
weekly magazines? Looking onco at tliolr
ecstatic faces papa drove wp know that
tiro trouble, upkeep nnd such tcrm3 were
the inventions of cianks and hypocrite.
Life in tt dovll-wagon plainly was one long
sweet song.
Automobiles won in war a triumph that
thoy ultimately will duplicate in peace.
The family car of these days it more affec
tionately regarded than the family dog.
nnd a million times moro useful. It is
often given a pleasant namo indlcativo of
esteem and personality. At the Philadel
phia Jubilee the new 1921 modeW will bo
shown, of course, and wo nhall bo glad to
seo this added sign of blithe poaco onco
moro returned to a troubled world. Tor
tho motorcar is essentially the plaything
of grown men. It renews their youth. And
it Is tho first of thrlll-glv cr. "It's lonely
up there," said a returned airman. "There's
nothing to see, nothing to show that you're
going fast. When I wuntid fun I hot-rowed
a Hi-ver and drove that:"
NK'-A AJ1E OF GERMAN KI.LTI 11
' l I'OST-W'AK ACTIVITIES
Anierica Mti-it Hai- h Higher Ideal If It
Would Ki-rape the Kind nf llligliting,
Materialism Whiih Led to the War
V17E ARE hearine; mucli about the re
habilitation of America nf ler the war.
Congress and the newspnpers a.-e talkinp;
of what is to be done with the railroads
and with tho returning soldiers, and with
the relations of capital and labov. And
much of tho talk seems to be based on tho
belief that if we would avoid disaster we
must apply the principles of German
kultur to the solution of the problems.
But nothing could bo more disastrous
to American civilization than to remake
it oi. the Gentian model. The oak is in
the acorn. The oak is the ideal which
the acorn is fated by the law of its being
to realize. Soulles?, conscienceless,
giecdy Germany is tho realization of the'
ideal of German kultur. The ideal of a
nation, the intangible, invisible shape
into which tho dreams of its people
would force it, is the most powerful in
fluence at work in shaping the form of
its civilization. And the ideal of the
nation is the combined ideals of the peo
ple who compose it.
It is about time thai we bean a
searching of heaiU to discover just what
we want America to be, for many things
aro in solution just now, and their re
shaping is easier than it will be in a few
year's. One voice has lately been heard
decrying German kultur. It is that of
Nicholas Murray Butler, president of
Columbia University. In the course of a
recent address at Princeton he reminded
up that there ute three fundamental as
pects of life which must be considered if
we aie to do anything more than drift.
They are:
Fir.tt. The aspect n) etltus. iclueh he de-
sctibis (is the docirinc of eondvet and
service.
Second. The aspect oj ecoiiomus, which
is the doctrine of gainful occupation.
Third. The aspect of politics, wliieh is
the doctrine of the reconciliation be
tween the two and of living together in
hai mony and Itelpfulnrs-,.
Doctor Butler concludes tli.a if we
face the future with a realization of the
truth that ethics, economies and politics
are not three different and contradictory
disciplines, but three aspects of one and
the samo. discipline, we fchall put behind
us the German-made psychology without
a soul and the German-ma'de economies
with nothing 'higher than-gain as the
end.
If the American people- believe that
the mission of politics in its broader as
pect is to bring about harmony between
conduct, inspired by the theory of service,
and business, entered upon for profit, the
tasks of the future will be comparatively"
easy. Wc shall then have an ideal, the
attempt to realize which will shape
to the highest ends everything that
we do.
Apply this to the lailioad situation, for
example. Do we want the Government
to own the railroads becauso we are
jealous of the private citizens who now
own them and because we seel: to deprive
them of their sources of wealth? Or do
we want the railroads to be returned to
their owners in order that they may be
ptotected in their property and continue
to get rich from it? Or aro we seeking
the best way to solve tho problem of
railroad transportation for the greatest
good of the greatest number? Can the
enemies of capital and the owners of cap
ital meet on a common platform of de
sire for the common good ? If they can,
the rest is easy. If they cannot, wo are
doomed to u conflict of interests and to
an attempt to imbed in our national lifo
the principles of German-made economics
with nothing highe'r than selfish' gain as
tho end, where we ought to havo a unity
of interest and a conflict only of z6al In
seeking the best way to serve the whole
psople.
The labor problem can be solved as
simply if we choose to apply to it tho
combined ideals of ethics and economics
and politics as set forth by Doctor But
ler. But thus far certain of the labor
leaders appear not to be considering the
larger ethical ideal, with its theory of
bervice, because they arc insisting on the
economics of gain, and they are demand
ing thnt politics shall not attempt to hnr
monize ethics and economics, but that it
shall ignore every consideration save
that which will insure to labor the high
wages which it hag been receiving during
tho war regardless of the needs of tho
rest of the community. And there are
also some employers who aro equally
lilfnd'to tho ethical side qf their function
in society, and are considering only how
'much work thoy can get for how little
.money.
ty Js too much to hope that there will
T,H1pmtfcal,-asd'?ople):''aiiUcatl6n
of Doctor Butler's idcnl nt the present
time. Hut there nro some men who nro
shaping their conduct by it and there
always havo been such. When Uicy are
in tho controlling majority thnt mil
lennium of which poets huve dreamed and
prophets preached will bo upon us. Yet
men who love their kind will not hesitate
to hold this splendid ideal aloft at every
opportunity in tho hope that it will ulti
mately draw all men unto it
Now that tho P. It. T.
Talcs of Wnjslde Pan informed us that
sin iMp-stopi nro not
' responsible for any
ltn revise In accident." It should go n step
furtlier and tell us what is. With verity as
a slogan wo havo tho rlKhl to know.
"Wo should nut li.ixe
I he ( ii)i riiat Jeer lost the battle of ths
Mnrne," says tho es
crow n Ii nice, if ilif ilik'M of our general
staff had not suffered from j enro of nerves."
"Arid a r.To of champagne," might be added
by .Marshal ljch, who saw tlio lees of pre
sumptuous revelry when he enteied Chalons.
In otii way it is bard
Old Man" I to sen why so much
I he
l!o ttlijeotloa was raised
'o Mr. Wilson',) bea
trip ' apt.i.in Mci'iiuiey. and not tho Presi
dent, is really the boss of tl.o tieorgo Wash
ington liven Senator Sherman mlght'sootho
his uneayy soul with that reflection.
With tho restrictions off, it's a Blorlons
care of sucar "hoo-ratlons" nowadays.
,.!..
If only Maon and Dhton could be resus
citated fur tho Paris conference some, per
maner.ej nf boundary lines could br a
sun d
U ih, ubles keep on telling ot the r-lab-oi.ite
$3 -" meals consumed by American ecu.
respondents In Germany, bonio restaurani
keepers w-111 bf petitioning for the re-ctab-Ik-hniml
of tho censorship.
THE ELECTRIC CHAU
V Vieit to Ainctongen
Hu Our Special Correspondent
Irul'N'U the Vountws Hentlne Bolrg oer
her hoiisiliolil account with a gloomy face.
'Is .Mr Huhi pollein anywhere nbout"" I
ax'iod "I il lUe-io'te him if 1m if-p't out of
the mij '
"'ot at all." 1 said in t iet he's very
mil i In the v.ij I think jotill llnd him Hi
the gaulc-n, taking his ni"ililinr tineonstltti
t'on.il. Lock out for tho barln.il wire'.'
"Hciu'ekeeplng is cpenMo these days,
Irti't if" I said, seeing- the mournful way in
wh.ch she turned to her plto of bills "I hope
thfu-s no shortage. In these parts"'
".'o siiort.iRe of guet., hiiw.ij," she said
She .seemed quite pleased to he ; hV In on
tnle in a dis-sieit man,
"KS.' he continued. ieitl.ing is so
X dear that If, except some of Hip lsi
tnrs We hue l.ithir a liouw ful linn, you
know So sriirj, I o.'in't ollir mhi tho spare
room, but the Count is sleeping In the stablo
as It is And tho expense.- well, we nro
KOiiik to put in n i latin for indemnlt as soon
as thtie's a I'ocernment in Kerlin to IHe it
with All ilie shops In Auirroiigeu have put
up their prices sinee- Mr. Molienzollein
arriwd The eiuality oi ihe foods has gono
down, too I've ordered I elon't know how
much around Bias--, but it doesn't seem any
use. Tho pi ice of saus'.ig.i is almost prohibi
tive: j mi know some people Insist on having
what tlnj'i'e accustomed to When wo aro
alone we live mucn mou ninplv "
"At any rate," I i.iid, "thero aio tomo
economies jou II be able p. make Under
the e-lreurnstances you'll hardly feel like
hanging up mistletoe for Christmas.'
"i Irafious '." she cried ' 1 t ym: supposo
t1n-5".l s-iaj- as long as that' Why. all th
tenants will leave. Tliev've been corn
plainlnK already because Mr. Tlohenzolltin
has been giving them signed photos of
lnmseff And tho chambermaid has given
me notKP. because when she, poes to make
up Mr liohenzollern'H room in the morn
ing she 1'nds all the furniture) plied around
the bed In a kind of barth ade Also ho dis
turbs us n great deal lit night 1, talking in
his sleep '
'If 1 wcic J on, ' I v.ntiueil, '1 vvnuld
pars the, word around tha' .Mr. and iMra.
Wilson nro coming to spi nd Christinas with
jou I think s,eur .guest'' will le-ave fast
enough when they hear that "
A charming smilo spiead over her har
assed face,. ''That's a good idea," sho said.
AKTl-It
j- zoller
boii.e searching I found .Mr. Hohen-
ni walking in a dense grove of trees
not fin- from the castle. When he saw me
coming lie skipped quickly behind a thicket
and dodged about with surptislng agility. At
last, however, by waving a handkerchief,
I managed to convince him tliat I had no
ulb rlor motive, and he approached
'ilullo. old chap," I said. 'The' last time
I saw ou was ih Herlin. Things havo
changed a bit since, then, what?''
"A great many Ead things have happened,"
ho sud, Klanclng uneonociously at bis
civilian i lothes ' I am particularly dis
tressed to hear of Mr. Wilson's visit to
Kuropc. It shows a disregard for tho feel
ings of tho American llelchstag that I can
not help deploring Ho would do much bet
ter to stay whero 1 e w, J lem glad to
talk to an American. I believe that in your
country I liav.) wme friends still"
"Wry ftill, indeed," I replied. '7 baven't
heard tl.cm iay anything
IN A DISTANT part of the estate 1 heard
re-poita that sounded l.ke shooting "I
hope I'm not Interrupting your hport." I said
"Perhaps you're out for gami)7"
Ilo looked a bit pallid. "Oh, no," ho said.
"Thats only a little t-niptng I mean snipe
hunting. As a matter of fact, two or three
of my staff havo been kind enough to walk
nrouiid tho grounds wearing somo. of my
old uniforms, just to draw tha lire as it
were. That given mo a bit moro freedom
and time to read the news There's not
much In tho papers nowadays, do you
think?
"It's queer what some people will do," I
said, mtdltathels, thinking of the chaps
who were -aetng as targets.
Tdn't if" ho said brishtly. "What do
jou think can be tho frame of mind of a
man, who will deliberately shoot an another
human being? It seems almost Incredible,
don't you think?" ho added, aa though eager
to be convinced.
''It Is alwaya tho incredible that happen,"
was tho only lemark that occurred to me.
w
T'Vi: Iir.LN' thinking a bit about coming
1 over to America," ho said. "You know
I need to visit a good dentlr.t, nnd if that
fellow liavis is still practicing I might le.t
bygones bo bygones."
"Yes," 1 lrtused. "that's about tbe only
way you'll bo likely to get u new crown "
' "I'm not at all pleased with the attitude
of tho Dutch Government," he said 'There
has been altocether too much talk about
extradition. tlUt extradition Is raroly fatal.
Is it?"
"Your apprehension is well founded." I
said. "One of these da The Hague it
going to send a statement to Versailles
headed by the words To Hill Heniercd."
Across tho lawn we haw Mm. Ilohenzol
lern approaching, and her husband looked
worried. "I'xcuso rnc," he said, "but I must
get out of the way My wlfo keeps on urg.
lng mo to put mybelf right with posterity
by telling all. Now you know I have con
siderable posterity of my own, and J haven't
much regard for it.'"'
lie shook my hand limply and vanished
mip cud uixutrvryin.
tfOTItATIJg. -
THE GOWNSMAN
"Amiability and a Sense of Proportion"
A CHKKrtFt't, nnd optimistic correspond-f-
fnt recently sent the following letter to
mir dark nnd despairing contemporary, Tho
Nation, nnd It was printed as Inconspicu
ously a pos,hle; hut, bo It remrmhered to
the good, that It was printed.
VS.', '" f," ,,0',, "ally to black as The
N-ntion paints it? I know that Mr. Htirlc
, i.1. 'orfcc,. "at Mr. Creel Is a bit
unreliable, that Mr. Oompcm Isn't Mr.
'Henderson, that Senator Lodgo Is unen
I'Rlitened, that Mr. Iloosevelt lacks the
judicial temper, that security leagues and
councils of safety are often blatant nnd
myopic, that Hepubllcnns are protection
ists and protectionist not always unselfish,
that iieaToca are discriminated against on
account of race, color nnd previous condi
tion of servitude, that judscs lmposo ex
cesplve rcntences, that conscientious ob
jectors nrc submitted to Indignities, that
personal liberty -Is annoylngly curtailed,
that war provokes passion, and I think1
with The Nation that It would be better ir
t w-ero otherwise. Hut after all, i- It so
bnd as you make It out? What are the
objections to amiability and a bense of
proportion?
A"AHIWTY,ind a sonso of propottton '
.f A Tho first is a question of temper, the
second on attitude of mind. Untpicstlonnbly
this is a very unsatisfactory world, mado
wrong In the first place, If you will have It
so, Mr. rc3Simlst, nr.d run wrong from the
beginning. You and I rather suspect that
wo know somebody, whose name Innate mod
esty forbids us to utter, who would have
done It much better in the beginning or at
any time since, for that matter. , And accord
ing to our temper, wo despair and look black,
or we laugh with n good-humored Republi
can friend of the Gownsman, taking joy after
all In the high Joke which the piece of per
versity, tho Goddess of l-'ortune, has played
on tho Innocent American people. "Just
think of what a joke It Is," he says, ''the
greatest of all junctures In history, the re
cording of the entire political world, a de
mand for the subtlest trained political iia
garitv that the vvoild has yet lequlred and
only a Democrat in the chair at Washing
ton and even he won't stay there. There
has been nothing fo funny sinco Horace wrote
that lino about the mountain in the labors
of childbirth, which after earthquake, shivers,
thtoee and horrors, brought forth a ridicu
lous muse "
Tlimin is much to tay in favor of tho
cllmato of Philadelphia, for example, if
any ono cares to Ray It. But there arc times.
notably In summer, when we aro sorely and
piotiaefedly Hied Whether It Is our un
comfortable civic conscience nr tho sands of
Puritanlcm In our easy Quaker bearings, the
Go'i nsiiun is not prepared to say, but certain
it is that our temper as to the weather has
been permanentlv spoiled It is a current
fni ..hi ammig lis to damn the Weather on
evir., p,is-silble occasion, ard wc. do this often
with a happy vni letj of epltlut which is far
from discreditable to our ingenuity. Now
the Gownsman can personally atllmi that the
summer climate of Chicago can be. as moist,
as hot, as dank nnd dripptiigly dlsigreeablo
as an;. thing which his native city can pro
duce The Chicago mtiuny is us given to
antics in climbing as emr own. and Is as
likely to stay up all night. The torrullty
of the one c tj . in a word, Is the torridlty
of the ether nut does Chicago complain?
No. everything in right In Chicago. Wbere
lote, on a day which jnoft potently suggests
a heated place whither neither the virtuous
Gownsman nor any of his readers shall ever
go. the Chlcago.in merely exclaim- 'What
a glciiious summer daj '"
WH HAVI' lived through events without
pn c edent and wo havo matched tho un
precedented with tho unprecedented ; and we
shall continue to do so. We are not only
making history : we ai e making example for
futum time to point to and, let us hope, to
follow. Our place among the nations has
buddenly become tho foremost: not because
wc have stilferecj as others have suffered or
glvi n as others have given, but becauso a
great idea, an Idea involving a large gener
osity, .i splendid dlslnterebtedness, whether
bj accident or design, has taken possession
of Ui and Inspires In tho world a new hope for
the future WlRrefnr- your Gownsman, like
many others, u overwhelmed with mortifica
tion at tho frequent littleness of our temper
of mind, our quibbling and pettifogging, our
bkkering and small talk, our congenital dis
satisfaction with whatever Is, whatever has
been, whatever is promised A sense of
proportion might cause us to "-eeognize that
to be an American in such a timo as this n
an honor above the price of party ; that to bo
a sharer In tho events which have taken place
is to be a partaker In the radiance of an lm
perlshablo glory. Wo are feeding, as we have
fed. the hungry; wo aro protecting, as we
havo protected, the weak against the strong
hand of wrong; we are "intermeddling"
grandly to give the downtrodden an uplift into
a freer world. And our hand has been
against the Colossus of tyranny which, with
tho help of other hands, we have toppled
from its pedestal of authority and power. In
propoitlon to all this, for what du the
trivialities of proceduro count, the niceties
of' outworn precedent, the question of who's
who In this instrument of our national -will
or that
1TTHY not be amiable, good-humored.
YY kindlj ? Great things are doing, why not
be a help to them, not a captious obstacle?
There 13 much that is going right, despite
all that is going wrong It is going to bo
winter, it is true; but inevitably thereafter
It will agam be spring, and winter may be
enjoyed by thoso who keep warm tho cock
les of the heart, as spring may be made
miserable by those who complain even In
tho sun. After all. we get in this world
prutiy much the things which we go out
to seek, though there are often surprises
In their coming. For all things are .accom
panied by their bhadovvs; but which Is tho
shadow, which the reality It is often diffi
cult to tell. Possibly our momentary tes
tlness Is mainly a matter of nerves. We
have been keyed up high, now, for nearly
flvo 3 ears ; our feelings have been wracked,
our emotions stlried, our fountains of In
dignation, admiration, patriotism, generosity
drawn on to tho very dregs. And now the
high tension Is, in a measure at least, re
laxed, and we turn back on the little things
about us which we had lorgotten under
the sterner stress.
BUT wliy not try amiability? Why not
start out today to discover everything
that is at least extenuating in conduct which
at first flush we think we are gong to dis
approve? Why not llnd out whether after
all It really Is a low and sclflsh motive alone
which has prompted this act, that or tho
other? Why not look for the fine qulxotlo
Idea that has led some ono with whom We
habitually disagree Into what wo conceive
to be hiu folly? It is surprising how the
habitual iearch for what Is admirable and
praiseworthy lifts the searcher and clarifies
his colloquial judgments of men and affairs,
us contrastodly tho habitual search for
sinister motives and Ignoble purposes bends
a man double like a ragpicker whose pack
of dirty linen bears him down. And should
you meet with hated Dr. Pell, though why
you hate you cannot, tell, do not think out
Ingenious reasons for your hatred to match
with other Ingenious reasons thought out by
other Ingenious haters, but listen to the good
things that may be said The Gownsman
doubts not. oven of Dr. Pell, how able a
gentleman he 1, after all, and how valued
In friendship by those who know hlra; and
even If he does hall from Texas, though you
Btilt may not like hlni, not having your.
aelf discovered him, at least be amlablo
about It,.
Kx-KIng Nicholas of Montenegro de
clares that "in order to seo which way the
wind was blowing" his abdication "wan a
Btraw " Logically explained,' since his throne
seems to havo been of the tamo material.
Sweet and pleasant It now Is If you
aro o minded to turn your coffee Into a
alrup wlih no longer the ilightoit twjnge of
WMWoHr' "?
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How to Keep Our Ships on the Sea
Lnlt'M, Subsidies Art' Paid the American Merchant Flag Will Disappear
From tho Ocean Senator Fletcher's Errors Exposed
Ily CEORGE F. SPROULE
Secretary oj the State Commissioners of Navigation
TUC leply of United States Senator Dun
cm W. Fletcher, of Florida, to the state
ment recently made by P. p. ICnlght, vice
president and general counsel of the Amer
ican International Shipbuilding Corporation,
that because of dlsprlminatory legislation
''no man can own and operate a ship prollt
ably under tho American flag." as appearing
hi tho columns of the Kvenino Prnuc
I.unm.R under date of November '27, 1918, Is
bubject to much erit'clsm, nnd I am of the
opinion that Mr. Knight's views are rather
in accord with those of practical shipping
men.
I take it Mr. Knight's rematks apply to
American vessels In the foreign trade, be
causo beforo the war thero were somt in
stances of American bteamshlps prospering
In the protected coastwise trades of the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
ISSUE can be taken with Senator Fletcher's
remarks that our shipping laws aro not
nearly so burdensome as those of Kngland,
Germany, Norway and Japan. Havo any of
these countries laws compelling the master
of a ship to give to the seaman one-half his
wages every five days while in port? Is the
standard of food on tho ships of any of theso
nations comparable with that on American
ships? I think not. Do any of these coun
tries compel the production of certificates of
competency for able-bodied seamen, at least
othor than service such as Is lnd'cated by tho
"discharge-book"? Yet our laws make it
necessary for a seaman to produce from the
United States local Inspectors a certificate of
competency, and cert'flcatos of service on
foreign ships cannot be accepted. Do aim of
those countries require -that, EG per cent of
tho deck department, exclusive of officers,
EhallTie certificated sailors? I think not. Do
any of these nations, excepting; perhaps
Japan, require the carrying of so large a
crow as American ships. Thl3 can also be
answered In tho negative. Then Senator
Tlctcher seems to congratulate us on the fact
that we have no "load-line" law In this coun
try. Has he ever observed tho position of
tho "load-k'no" on the side of a British craft?
If so, would he wish to Beo American ships
loaded to a greater deptji? This "load-line"
Is so adjusted as not seriously to interfere
with the carrying capacity of foreign vessels.
He speakB also ot tho fact that ships of
foielgn natioim cannot carry deck-loads
beyond ceitaln heights, which in tho winter
season Is very much reduced. Might it bo
asked, has Senator Fletcher ever spent any
timo during the winter season at Norfolk or
Old Point Comfort and observed the iiriusn
"tramps" whilo en route from the Gulf to
rjuropo with timber, that come there for
bunker coal? I feel that the deck-load re
strictions on foreign vessels are not too
severe. So far as American vessels are con
cerned, the Eizo of decktloads Is regulated
durmg tho winter season rather from a
humanitarian standpoint.
fvTO'vif anothor point he makes In the favor
J of American vessels la that our seamen
are excluded trom the provisions or tne com
pensation law, while those from Kngland,
Germany and Norway are Included. I am ot
the opinion that all bp.t a very few of our
States had passed this law when the United
States Supreme Court on May 21, 1917, de
cided that tho enforcement of its' provls'ons
would come In conflict with tho general marl
t'me law. On October 0, 1917, Congress
enacted legislation to remedy this condition,
giving claimants the right of appeal to the
common law of any State. Again he speaks
of our vessels not having (o pay hospital dues
for sick seamen, wh'le such payments aro
required ot vosbels ot foreign nations.
LUT me state that tho wages of Amer
ican seamen deserting must be paid to
our United States shipping comnllssloners,
who in turn transfer this money to the Unit,
ed States Treasury Department to help main,
tain tho marlno hospital Borvlce. In foreign
vessels, wages left behind by deserting sea
men revert to the ship owners, so this about
equalizes Itself. The statement of Senator
Fletcher that tho wages of, officers and crews
constitute only a small percentage of the
gross operating expenses of a vessel will be
challenged by all Bhlpplng men. Take, for
instance, the signal failure on the part of the
Untied Fruit Company to operate between
Jj'jiiiadetesdtt'Weitindl, th-Aerl-
. ISS REFORMED!"
can steamships Admiral Farragut. Admiral
Schley. Admiral Sampson and Admiral
Dewey. These vessels were constructed soon
after the Spanish-American war and because
of tho expense of operation they were re
placed by steamers of similar class under the
foreign flog, and tho cost of operation on one
round trip to tho West Indies dropped 50 per
cent. Other Instances ot the failure to oper-
ate American steamships in competition with
foreigners were well and forcibly brought to
tho public view by the late William u.
WInsor, who was financially Interested In the
Boston .yteamshlp Company, which construct
ed the steamships Shavvmut and Tremonf for
service between the west coast and the
Orient. It has been stated by such eminent
authority as P. A. S. Franklin, president of
tho International Mercantile Marine, that In
normal times it costs from 37 to 47 per cent
more to build a ship In this country than In
Kngland, and indeed the president of the
Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock
Company, one of the largest yards In tho
country, once made the statement that an
ordinary freight-carrying steamship, termed
a i"tramp," could be constructed in England
for about 75 per cent less money than In
this country. ,
AGAIN reverting to tho statement of Sen-
ator Fletcher that the wages of the offi
cers and crew constitute only a small per
centage of the gross operating expenses, let
us quote John Donald, ono of the present
members of tho United States Bhlpplng
board. In tho operation of a small steamship
called tho David, In the West India trade.
While operating this vessel under the Ameri
can flag her wag?s per month were $1235,
nnd when placed under tho Norwegian flag
they dropped to $680. These were normal
times, but normal times aro what we must
reckon with as soon as the peace treaties are
signed. There Is no gainsaying the fact that
with the present rates of freight, American
vessels can be operated successfully In the
foreign trade, but can any one figure out
how they are going to succeed when, for the
sako of argument, case oil freights .from
Philadelphia to Japan drop to from eighteen
to twenty cents?
IT IS an economic problem that cannot, be
solved otherwise than by a complete re
vision of our navigation laws, or the equaliz
ing by subsidy, or other means, of the dif
ference in cost of operation.
The world war demonstrated the need of a
merchant marine, and all practical Bhlpplng
men would like to accept some of President
Hurley's theories, were they not confronted
with the stern realities of past experience.
It has been- Btated that the baBls of the
English navigation act, under which Kngland
grew to commercial ascendancy upon the sea,
was the principle of reserving the carriage
of English rate, to English ships.
The late James J, HIU, after building In
New London In 190-1 two of the largest twin
screw steamships under the American flag
for Bervice between the Pacific nnd Orient,
made the statement that it was a much
euBler task to construct a thousand miles of
railway than one ship, He was confronted
with many difficulties and soon realized what
a "hopeless task It was to attempt to operate
American vessels In competition with foreign,
era He favored as a measure of keeping up
our merchant marine the payment of nn ex
port bounty, but was strong In the belief
that when a country has to buy a merchant
marlno and pay for it out of the general
Treasury of the country, It will not last long.
I havo always Inclined to the belief of
the b'e walls, of Bath, Maine, once the
largest owners of Balling vessels in this
country, that a direct subsidy must be given
American vessels to keip them going. I
might mention that the French Government,
besides paying a building bounty, gives a
mileage subsidy of so inuch per ton per
hundred miles sailed, which practically
covers the operating expenses of a vessel.
By reason ot this subsidy the French ships
played havoc with the California trade, and
freights went down to figures where no ship,'
without assistance such as the French ships
have, could compete and make a dollar. This
practically Bounded the death-knell of thd
American sailing ships In the "deep-water"
trade, and such as were left soon passed
Into the hands of concerns such as thy
Hi! Balms' Pa'r' Afcoalatloii.
HE CATCHES ME I
1 i
HYMN TO FREEDOM
MOTHER of man's time-traveling gon'
erntlons,
Breath of his nostrils, licartblood of his,
heart,
God abovo all gods worshiped of all na
tions. Light abovo light, law beyond law, thoti
art. ,
We have known thee and huvc not known
thee; stood besldo thee, -Felt
thy lips breathe, set foot where thy
feet trod, N
Lo.vod and renounced and worshiped and
denied thee,
As though thou wrt but as another God.
The ciowned heads lose the light on them!
it may be
Dawn Is at hand to strike the loud feast
dumb:
To blind the torch-lit centuries till the day
be,
Tho feasting kingdoms till thv kingdom r
come.
I have love at least, and have not leir, and
part not
'From thino unnavigablo and wingless
way;
Thou tarrlest, und I havo not said thou
art nut, v. l
SnH ..11 .1... ..!.. I... i - ., r-i. ii-.j "I
)ui in cn.) iiifcjui. ioiik nuve cienieti tnjj,, 1
day, i
Come, though all heaven again be fire
abovo thee;
Though death beforo thee come to clear,,
lliv nlrv-
- it
Let us but see In Ills thy l'acc who love -J
thee;
Yea, though thou slay. us, arise and let, '
us die. ,$,
From "Mater Triumphalis," by Algernon
ciiorips Bwinuunic, j-m
Mr, Schwab gave Philadelphia a rip on
her port dellnqueneles, and she seems to -have .
answered with an Auch. I
No wonder Mr. Wilson slept peacefully r
through the noises In Elroad Street Station,
the other night. Hadn't ho just arrived from
Congressional halls? il
What Do You know?
QUIZ
1. What former position ilu" Dim tor ('itrfle'il tt "
ijume on realrnlnr n redernl futl fcdminl-,
3. Where and what li Gretna Green?
3. Where In the Tolcano of Orliuba. sfur which ''.
tho ship bearlnr the newrnpiiocr correBPoad-
ents to Kurope Is named?
. Who wrote the opera "Martha"? f
S. What notorious politician Is HIU owaltlnr a V
0. Who wraa eajlnl the "American I'ablst"?
7. What la meant br (lolconda?
8. Who was Klttr Cllve and when did ihe'lltf?
0, VlJio aald "Gratitude la expenaWe'T
10. How should tbe word xnu be pronounced;
, Answers to Yesterday's Quis
'
'
I. tile Herman iirrra ox ireTfS. Ilie rraftftian
rlty recently entered br the American
troops. Is Trier. '
J, The metronome U un Instrument martin
timo br means of n pendulum. It la nsM
by musicians nnd waa Invented br Maclttl.
it friend of llrethoTrn. '
3. Kurt Eisner la Premier of nararla,
4, riufareh wrote In Greek Ilie parallel lltj.'l
Sre A?d! MMtvl """a. Ills dates
a. ruiittt Arenas. In Chile. Is the toutherom.sl
town on the American continent. """"
0. Black Friday Is the name applied to two dls- 1
"f'R"i' 2?" n h.nn,rnclaf. history of the '
i.", nwi,p nwtriuurr SS, JBBV,, When '
KM. and Jay jlould tried to rornertho
fold market, nnd HentemberB. l813.jWhei" '
tbe widespread "panic" of that year tier.. "i
.7, The orljtlnal Cyrano do Berxerae was is '
Frencfi dramatist. .HI. T5 arBl.
8. I,e Matin, name of a-French dalle s....... '
means "Tho Mornlna." t"ri '
ffiurtsRw1 ,hfl """ p( "-'" "n.;i
10. llehasl yjllllfm Halff, an. Irish mbkmi7:
I' , fl?JtW afti-fv'' " " '
flirsatWiVVr ""T ouuffyj
1
l
11 Vrtt. fi iT fJ '
I
.--