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ilphta. Tatlj DeennW 11 1917
100M AND CRADLE
3R.ES3 Is about to ''oto on two pro-
d amendments to the Constitution,
E&tAvti4 I ni am Hn tlnnnl f Oill-vl t tnn fl 111
$1$ :: : . . . r ' ".
vuier comerring on women wio riBiifc
Ths first Is tali to liavo stronger
than the second.
jJN'MVO repeatedly pointed out In these
' that to prostitute the Constitu
tes purposes of legislation Is to under
Be authority of that Instrument and
thereby tho stability of tho Gov-
lit. Prohibition is a policy, not a
Tho Constitution has novcr
16 vehlclo for declarations of policy.
rn tho Monroe Doctrlno has been In-
atod into tho fundamental law. To
el all tho States to conform to tho
(regulations of a majority of tho
tij would bo to destroy local govern-
Which, within tho corpus of vast
sties as- well as in colonics, has
l found by human experience to bo vital
Sv 1
atentment among citizens.
suffrage amendment Is of an en-
different Character. Wlillo tho States
neral detcrmlno their own electorates,
j Constitution now spccltlcally provides
t BO man shall bo deprived of tho right
I on account of his race. Tho women
T
Ltfe&t tho Copstltutlon provldo that no
shall bo deprived of tho right tt
.on account of sex. If the political
ilpatlon of tho negroes properly in-
. tho amendment of tha Constltu.
Jsiyloualy tho 'political emancipation
nen requires a similar course of
HCino issuo or sunrago is tunua-
liW :. . . . . .
; mo issuo or pronioiuon 13 cx-
tejk. not surprising, ticvcrthclc&s, that
; Rrohlbitionlsts aro far btrongcr In
than aro thu 8UfTraclts. Tim
!- ...
ilMrom ijaiumoro to .'cw Orleans
I'.HO oasts. Booze Is at a premium all
LmS line, being sold, when it Is sold,
lilous prices. Prohibition may .not
fctt. but it conies to near prohibiting
?Mii localities which havo, given it a
ilCh trial would be willing to rcstoio
I'OW conditions. Accordingly, vlr.
jith6 cntlro Southern contingent fn.
ess is lor constltu tloual I'rohlbl-
lr.ttti other Kind of Prohibition. On
ftMbir hand, tho South after two gcu-
e- .
of prestidigitation with tho fian-
Tinman effort to nullify tho Constitu
ted keep hordes of illiterate voters
kwe ballot-boxes views with somo ap-
on an addition to tho electorate'
f .black majorities. Raco prejudice is
puy in ravor or national Prohlbl.
it Is" set in opposition to universal
' Otherwise the victory of women
Sskhington would ba clean-cut and
;'to the fe'outli,- still jubilant over tho
i'Vlth tho Wes't that saueczed Wll.
MO offlco last November, wo mav
kklilita question: Is it worth whllo to
'tho long" roll of suffrago States
'to ward off a visionary danger?
ty, educational and other qualified-
or, the franchiso now demanded In
H$redudo tho possibility of femalo
t (voters menacing whlto control for
" K tM
.come, u ever.
od peoples tho world and
should aid to govern It. Do
jjaajrwlth tho barroom, wo must
f Wtti tho cradle.
IN'S SCRAP OF. PAPER
t i i
lbita ilno tantrum, nlnncd uli
ymMi decorations, on tho breast
hundreds of uniforms, ono
Ptuvt. 1914.- ahd then toro them
$Mttnd them, under heel In tho
,4, tie German court. ThoafTalr
Men complelo if ho hod first
lHt-h Held marshal's uniform
klfcmJaJ.but thero are limits
i 4w In Cwrlla, ' -
LtsWtiwWricJs'Wlth which tho
fit Mn'lva8l mado William
Mrs W'.ltOC' baa sono tho
i ox paper Jn,tln lianiu
Pocter of jLawlfwness.;
;wmtkea and ty should take
fp fBi- iouaeuisLiut t
M,Vi lj N. ,,t.,. , .i t;
,aH.;' Often;' as'ln the caso of' Ector
iioh'tnibVeni, tho motlvo behind tho gift Is
nn Institution's dcslro to bono- Itsel rather
than tho recipient. If degrees nro to mean
n ithlntr It would bo woll to abolish them
or glvo them to everybody, as was done In
Franco when every citizen was called "My
lord" "Monsieur." If they nro tomean
proficiency In scholarship, they should bo
harder to get and easier to tako away
when ll Is found a mlitnko hils bco i mado.
In liny cobo, a degree should always mean
tho same thing.
HE LAST CRUSADE
pHIUSTIAN soldiers stand In possession
of tho ground In which .ho Crms wa
Fct up. At tho darkest hour of tho war tho
capture of Jerusalem on the cvo of Christ
mas 13 n trumpet call to Christian civili
zation to light on until tho Turko-rrusslan
foe, who would tear down tho cdlflco of
humanity wlifeh It has taken 2000 years
to build. Is himself tendered harmless.
Tho news Is likely to make a profound
Impression throughout I'uropc, In Ger
many ai well as In Ilussla. Symbolic oc
currences havo llttlo effect ill tho modern
world when all Is going well, but after
years of suffering a nation Is tcnsltlvo to
Impression-! that In normal times It could
throw off. Thero In a. guilty cohsclcnco
at work In Central Europe, evidenced by
tho fury that colors nearly every utter
ance of Its statesmen and -ho utter loss
of a senso of humor. Tho dellbcrato
garbling of our Stato papers to prevent tho
pconlo -f tho Central Umpires from learn
ing tho liberal and humano motives to
which tho United States Government Is
committed Is at onco tho greatest crlmo of
these three years and tho clearest proof of
tho German Government's guilty con
science. "Yo shall know tho truth and tho
truth shall mako you frco" has been erased
from tin Potsdam Bible.
In Kussia rclIglousecntIment has been
kindled for centuries, at times to fanati
cism, ugalnst Mohammedanism and Turk
ish despotism. A few months of revolution
cannot hao shaken tho basic faith of
llussldns, and to them, as they rise In re
olt ngalnst tho conscienceless Bolshevik!,
tho conjjucst of tho Holy City should como
us a cheering slogan.
To us tho event Is Infinitely more than a
curWity for tho museum of superstitions.
A symbol, to bo true, must bo based on
a reality. Tln.ro li no greater reality
today than tho fnct that wo light against
tho Cruelty and oppicsslon of u militarism
which Is not worthy to set foot lu tho most
holy ground In tho world until Its open
uud undented sins uro expiated.
PLEASANT WEATHER VOTERS
Tho cenltig of tho primary election
turned out to bo cold and blasts of snow
filled tho air. Tho well-to-do citizens upon
whom wo rcl'eil sat at homo by their Urea
In comfort. Their terants rodo In car
liases, hired by the more ihrowd regulars,
to tlio polls and ted n gainst us.
HowfAcr, we caused anxiety and almost
won. Governor Pennypackur'a autobloj
rpphy. THU primary election to which rcfcrcnco
is made was held In tho seventies of
tho last century. Tho sanio Indlffereneo
prevails among tho well-to do now that
characterized them then. If theso persons
had done their duty. In tho past tho city
would not now bo in tho control of tho
kind of politicians which gavo It a bad namo
then. Pleasant weather voters aro respon
sible for conditions now as they wcro forty
years ago.
PENNSYLVANIA LEADS AGAIN
PENNSYLVANIA has vision; brain ns
well as brawn; soul as well as 6ub
stancc. Ilcnco Us leadership, another testimony
to which Is given by tho Surgeon General's
ofllco nt Washington, which announces
that tho Keystono State Is' far ahead of
sister commonwealths In looking forward
to, and, moro than that, .effectively pre
paring for, ono of tho futuro contingencies
of the war.
Wo must not blink the distressing con
sequences of our championship even unto
sacrlflco of llfo nnd limb for democracy.
It Is nono too soon to realizo that some.
.perhaps many, of our bravo soldiers will
return to us incapacitated for their nor
mal occupations. But with characteristic
American Independence they will desire- to
bo self-supporting despite their physical
handicaps. Tho wounded who wcro
healed In tho Civil War did not iniposo
themselves aa a burden on tho nation they
fought for, nor will they In .this war.. But
their lino spirit must find mutual co-operation
with those in a position -to 'restore
them to tho ranks of tho citizen army.
Tho Stato Department of Industry and
I.abor is 'making a thorough canvass of
the tplants within its scopo to have lu
readiness paying nnd workable employ
ment open to men with a leg or an urm,
a hand or- u, .finger missing. Thero aro
abundant possibilities for such .work, but
positions which1 aro hard for tho Individual
to find when dependent on his own re
sources, will ba easily obtained through a
standardized scheduling by nn official
agency, Tho employment listed will be
given to tho maimed soldiers after they
havo been "reconstructed" in the sixty baso
hospitals and rehabilitation camps now
under construction' in this country.
Pennsylvania will bo best prepared to
copo with tho futuro, moro immediate than
wo now realize, 'Through Its foresight hi
'preparation, to which tho War Depart
ment pays tiibuto lu officially recognizing
rlts leadership.
Tho Kaiser Is not going to worry
much qver the loss. of Jerusalem: There is
but one holy city -for him and his faith
ful allies, ahd that's Mecca.
Considering tho fact that Vladivostok
Is; filled with war munitions bought with
; Russian bonds which uro about to be re
pudJated, and considering also the fact
' that neither Japat nor tho United States
waBuiaciua ,'ineso anicicsror uermari
ue. w Mir pree some sausracuon In
iri-
WILFRED LAURIER,
ISOLATED LEADER
Conscription Issue in Canada Re
tired Liberal Chief and Former
Premier From Great Influence
VICTOIIY for tho conscription system In
Canada has topptal Sir Wllfrfd Laurler.
tlio Dom'nlon's greatest L'bcral statesman,
and long time Its Premier on that party's
platform from his vaiitago of at Influence.
On that Isauc Sir Wilfred has been Isolated
from present and probably from prospective
power.
There Is something almost pathetic In Sir
Wilfred's Isolation In the lingllsli-speaMng
provinces. Only u few months ago the Lib
eral newspapers which had been his linn and
fa'tliful allies or a generation were as loyal,
affectionate and devoted as ever before. And
tho Liberal press Is unquestionably the most
powerful section of the press In Canada.
Through tils i ejection of coalition and denial
of conscription, tho worshipers fell away and
ho stands almost alone, but w th a leposo
and dlxnlty width command admiration and
a courago whleh nccr falters.
As happened when (iladstono Introduced
hit ilrst homo rulo bill In tho Imperial Par
liament, pollt'cal clubs aro divided. great
Journals urc r-haken from their old alliances
nnd a multitude of voters In tho constituen
cies forsalto cherished leaders nnd dart) to
exerclto on Independent franchise. That Is
what should happen In a free country when
great new 'ssues appear, and only whero
that can happen havo freo Institutions their
full force ami effect. Hut, bereft as he Is of
newspaper support, thero aro elements nnd
Interests In tho Dominion which Insure Sir
Wllftcd Laurler tomo follow'ng In tlio Par
liament. Controversy over conscr'ptlon had a re
maskable effect on relations of Canadian
newi papers to political leaders and parties.
Canada has raised Its army under tho vol
untary Bystcm. During tho first two years
of tho war compulsion was not suggested,
savo by a few m lltary officers and a few
students of Uuropean military systems. In
deed, tho le.ilers of both political parties and
tho chief newspapers gave many and very
positive assurancts that thero would bo no
resort to conscription.
Recruiting Insufficient
No doubt It was believed when tho war he
gnn Hint at most Canada would send an army
of E0.000 or lOO.OOn to Kurope. At first re
cruits wero obtained faster than they rould
ho urnied nnd equipped. Canada raised an
nrmy of 000,000 before recruiting began to
drag heavily. Theieafter month by month
appeals for volunteers been mo moie urgent
nnd the icsults less nnd less satisfactory.
Moreover, tho cost of lalslng u regiment
steadily Increased with the many devices
employed to draw men to tho colors.
When SCO.OOO men had been secured tho
Government authorized a total enrollment of
EOO.OOO. This w.-ih Interpreted as a plcdgo to
tho Allies that Canada's contribution would
reach that figure. It soon been mo doubtful
whether tho pledge. If pJdgo it was, e-ould
bo fulfilled by tho voluntary system. In tho
meantime tho roll of casualties In Franco
nnd Flanders lengthened. Tho need for re
enforcenu nts became urgent und Imperative.
Newspapers opposed to tho general policy of
tho Government began to nttuck tho volun
tary system nnd to suggest conscription.
Military officers became so bottllo to the
voluntary method nnd so dissatisfied with
tho results that they gave a grudging and
doubtful support to lecrultlng agents. Many
patriotic organizations demanded compul
sion, and throughout tho Ungllsh provinces a
foimldablo revolt nguinst voluntaryism da
v eloped. Tho agitation was strengthened by
tho adoption of conscription In Grunt Britain.
It was made almost Invincible by tho deter
mination of tho United States to ralso its
nnnles by compulsory selection. This was
tho situation when tho Government jlelded
to the conscriptionlsts and asked Parliament
tor 'authority to'rnlso 100,000 men by draft.
Canada bad obtained In all 430,000 men
by voluntary enlistment. Of theso 332,000
nati erossea mo sea when the draft was
authorized. Tho casualties In tho Cana
dian expeditionary force total 125,000. Moro
than 30,000 havo been killed In ne-tlon or
havo died from wounds or other causes.
Manifestly by the 'voluntary system tho
wastage could not bo fully repaired or ndo
quato rc-entoreeinents provided.
Canada Still Partisan
In tho United Ftates thero does not seem
to bo any division between Republicans
and Democrats on war policy. Put In Can
ada for two or threo jears most of tho Lib
eral newspapers In the English-speaking
provinces maintained n continuous altaclt
upon the general policy nnd administration
of tho Conservative government. They de
nounced tin war management. They de
manded moro vigorous and aggresslvo war
measures and tho organization of n union
Cabinet In which both parties should havo
equal representation. Through nil this time
the J wero loyal to Sir Wilfred I.aurler and
preparing for a, general election under his
leadership.
In Canada many of tho nowspapers aio
moro closely related to tho political partlej
than nro those of tho United States. As
In Great Britain, they nro tho advocates
of one party or tho other, and, while few
aro slavish adherents of party, still fewer
are without actual und active party sympa
thies nnd interests. For thirty years the
Liberal newspapers were devoted to Sir Wil
fred Laurler as leader of tho Liberal party
nnd wcro substantially his organs and mouth
pieces. It Is easy, therefore1, to understand
what a remarkable situation developed
when Sir Wilfred opposed conscription and
refused to enter n. coalition Government,
For theso causes many of tho Liberal news
papers had contended, and to theso causes
they muit adhere.
Tako the situation In Toronto. For nearly
seventy years tha Toronto Globo has been
the most powerful organ of Liberalism In
Canada. Indeed, tha founder of tho Globe
was tho founder of tho Liberal party. No
ndw'spaper In the Dominion was moro devoted
alike to the personal and political fortunes
of Sir Wilfred Laurler. Tho Globe, how.
ever, lu tho contest vigorously opposed Sir
Wilfred .and supported conscription and a
coalition government under a Conservative
leader, Tho Dally Star, tho other Liberal
Journal, gavo Its Inlluentlal support to tha
Union government. In Toronto, which hasslx
dally newspapers, not one supports sir Wil
fred Laurler or opposes tho Union govern
ment. Press Opposed to Luurier
In Winnipeg, where there aro threo dully
newspapers, all opposed Laurler and his pro
gram. For many ears' tho Freo Pres3,
which ranks among the first iwq, or three
newspapers In tho country, was tha faithful
ally of the Liberal party. It was as devoted
to Sir Wilfred Laurler ns was the -Toronto
Globe. Put ever since the war began Hie
Freo Press made Us energetic prosecution
first consideration. It was among the, first
voices to call for" coalition, it was among
the sturdiest advrcates of the draft. It ma
bo that outside of tha Prime Minister. himself
no ono was mora Influential than J. ".7. Dafoe,
editor of tho Free Press, In brlng.ns tho
Liberal and Conservative Ieadera together
In a common cabinet. Naturally, therefore,
the Freo Press was an uncompromising op
ponent of tho Laurler war program and a
ressluto and aggresslvo champion of tha
Union government.
From Lake Superior to tha Pacific thero
aro only two or threo dally newspapers
which continue to support Sir Wilfred -Luurier,
while In very many western constituen
cies not even a weekly Journal adheres to his
causa and leadership. In tha Atlantlo prov
inces, whero party Joyaltlei have been fiercer
und stronger than lit any other part of Can
ada, Sir Wilfred has better new paper sup
port than in the west, but It Is feeble as com.
pared with that which' the Union govern
ment commands: Even In Quebec, the gov
ernment has powerful ntwspaper allies, such
as the Montreal Dally fitar.v wnkhhaiija
INSURANCE AT
LESS THAN COST
Government Plan to -Protect Fam
ilies of Soldiers and Sailors
Without Pensions
By ARTHUR II. FISHER
TlHG public has failed to grusp tho true In-
tent nnd scope nf the recent act of Con
gress which establishes the Uurenu of War
lllsk Insurance, partly because of general Ig
norance of or npitby regarding tho principles
nnd scientific praet'ec which govrn tho
proper conduct of tho great business of life
Insurance, and In considerable meaure be
cause of the failure of the' Government to
explain the matter propniy.
When dlciissed by the Inexpert the tend
ency has been to atsume that the Govern
ment Is necessarily In a pos'tlon to furnlth
life Insuranco "over tho counter." nt ratct
inuih lower than obtain with a well-mannged
company. As a matter of fact, the ratet
tired bv the Gnvernment to meet the pret
cnt emergency will not meet tho cost of this
Insurance, nor wero they Intmded to The
rates rharped for the form of Insurance now
ortred to sailors and ild'ers aro a I'ttle l
than the rato charged clvll'ans for similar
Insuranco In many well-managed American
companies. To the ex'ent that the excess cott
must bo met out of tho general fund of the
Government, It Is offered as a benefaction
It Is bond all doubt a worthy benefaction,
to which every American citizen must con
tribute. Uy this mcuui the nation can ex.
press Its gratitude to those upon whom It ha
called lor a magnificent sacrifice. It Is alo
a praiseworthy movement toward an avo'd
anco of tho man'fold abuses connected with
our obsolcto pension system. There Is every
reason why tho true purpoo of this new de
parture on tho part of the Government should
be thoroughly .appreciated, and why every
soldier and sailor should avail himself of
every dollar of tills Insurance ha Is abla to
obtain.
The net of Congress providing for life In
surance In wartime further provides that
five years after the conclusion of hostilities,
tho soldier or sailor holding a contract for his
war llfo insuranco, which Is virtually term
Insurance, may, regardless of his physical
condition, convert tho eamo In like amount
Into permanent Insuranco on the life or en
dowment plan, on tho net American 3 ',4 per
cent reservo basis. Hero ngaln will tills In
suranco partako of tho naturo of a benefac
tion, for Inasmuch as there will bo no medical
examination demanded. It follows that. If tho
war Is to bo of considerable duration, tho
proportion of Impaired lives will ba large,
and the mortality under theso converted risks
wtl in all reasonablo probability be equal to
or In excess of that prov Ided for in tlio Amer
ican mortality table. Such deficit as may
occur, duo to excessive mortality, together
with tho cntlro administrative cxpenso of tho
Insuranco Durcau, except as excess Interest
on reserves might bo available, must ba met
out of tho general tunds of tho Government.
Such funds can of course only como from
general taxation. Hero again tha American
public will show Its gratitude to our lighting
legions. Tho extent of this deficit will un
doubtedly receive duo publicity at tho proper
time,
Tho Government Bureau Plan
Comments havo been mado calculated to
lead to the conclusion that un extension of
governmental Insuranco wns contemplated,
making tho service available for civilians
after tho war as well ns for soldiers ami
sailors. Thi-i extension, however, was In no
way considered or suggested In the act of
Congress for tho sole purposo Indicated by
ts name, and furthermore uu extension of
Its services to civilians would create a bureau
radically different from tho existing bureau.
A governmental bureau for civilian Insur
ance has existed In England for many years,
although few Englishmen nro aware of Its
existence. Its beneficiaries aro chiefly a few
department eniplojes. It has been thorough
ly demonstrated in Ungland that the public
will not buy insurance except through the
earnest solicitation of tho inovltablo and In
defatlgable agent.
Tho wisdom of establishing an American
bureau for civilian Insuranco certainly needs
careful consideration by men who will go
deep j- Into the history of llfo insurance. As
practiced by tho worthy companies, Injur
anco Is far beyond, the experimental stago
ana has beconio an exact selenco. I ven ir
such u bureau wcro established, and nothing
b spent for tho procurement of busbies'
either In commissions or publicity, the ex
penso of administration would still remain. It
Is difficult to see how there could ba any
saving In administration, as against that of
existing well-managed companies, unless tho
Government donated these expenses to tin
bureau. Would this mean cheaper Insurance?-
Probably not. It would simply mean
subsidized Insurance.
It Is not improbable, to say the least, that
the mortality of those Insurod by such u
bureau would be higher than that of theso
Insured by a well-managed company, while
the Interest rate would certainly be lower
Uoth theso elements would moro than likely
counterbalance tho apparent savings In com
missions. It Is difficult to see, therefore, any
saving in net cost which could bo obtained
by such a bureau, whllo a higher cost Is well
within tho realm of possibility.
Let no ono bo allowed Ignorantly to con
fuse the present Gov eminent rato for Its tem
porary wartime insuranco with its oftcr-the-war
rate for permanent Insurance. A
soldier or sailor aged tweiity-ftva is now
charged 7.S2 per J1U00 for his war insur
ance on the temporary plan. Flv o years after
peaco is declared, supposing tha war to have
continued for threo moro years, this Insur
ance would havo to bo converted to a per
manent plan. If the ordinary Ufa plan be
then chosen the ex-soldler or ex-sailor would
bo called upon to pay $18.73 per 1000. As
has been pointed out, tho Government pays
all expenses, henco It Is able to provide this
protection to Its fighting men at u oast
slightly less than tho normal cost to civilians
in a well-managed company.
Met u Great Emergency
Were the offlcers, directors or trustees of
our great American life Insurance companies
to attempt to render such a service to sol
diers and sailors they would be placing In
Jeopardy tha most sacred financial trust that
exists today, u trust that represents he ver
bulwark of our economic well-being For tha
Government to.Creato such, a benefaction calls
for naught but praise, For the eo-ipanles to
attempt it would be all but criminal.
A great emergency was Been to exist and
Congress took Immediate action The Bureau
'f War nisk Insurance Is tha result. At the
close of hostilities Its mission will havo been
fulfilled and It Is dlTcult to see anv reitnn
for un extension of thp bureau to servo civil
ians. In the meantime, every soldier and
sailor should take all-that ho can get' of tho
aoverpment Insurnnce.
THE WINNING SPIRIT
The story told of the nineteen-) ear-old
American corporal who was stationed In a
listening post in No Man's Land on the night
of 'the first raid on the American trench
ehowH that the long years of peace have not
taken courage and coolness out of our
national character.
lie sent the men with him back to safety
vvhait, tha bombardment began and stuck
to his post until he was surrounded by on
coming Germans. Then he picked out three
of them und gave them all tha shells in his
rifle. When a granada hit him ha was
calmly reloading for .another try at tha
namy. , ...
1 :ip
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('I r--Li v.. :JI i'lSJl'ti-
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4i
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WAR A HARDSHIP TO
STAMP COLLECTOR
Embargo Necessaiy for Military
Reasons Position of Stamps
on Letters Forms Code
TIIH tradlng-wlth-thc-cnemy net is per
haps tho greatest blow which American
philately has suffered In Its history, but
patrlotlo dealers In nnd collectors of postage
stamps aro not whimpering. The tiado Is
prepared to forgo cheerfully Its profits ordi
narily derived from .handling the current un
used franking labels of the Central I'owcrs,
and the stamp lover Is equally willing to re
frain from busing them until tho war Is over.
The situation In tho United States Is tho samo
virtually as that In England and France,
and what philately In thoso countries has
dona Is only what philately In America Is
now asked to do to prevent any dollars
from reaching Berlin. Vienna, .Sofia or Con
stantinople throuch the purchase of stamps.
It Is not written specifically In the trad-Ing-with-tho-enemy
net that tho labels of
tha Central Powers nro not to ho Imported.
But leading stamp houses have had their at
torneys studying the statute and the decision
bus been reached that the enemy shall not
be given financial comfort In this manner.
A one-mark German stamp which sells for
Its face valuo In Berlin adds ono mark to
Germany's war chest. If that unused stamp
stays In Germany throughout tho war, the
money that purchased It comes from German
sources. If that stamp makes its way to
America, the equivalent of ono mark comes
not from German but from American sources.
Thus tha logic ns to why unused current
stamps printed by tha Central Powers shall
not ba purchased lit America until pcacu
comes Is obvious. ...,, , T, ,
Early In the war, the British and French
Governments placed tho ban on dealing In
enemy labels. They went ono step further
than has happened, as jet, In this country,
for Great Britain and France forbade ulso
the handling even of those enemy stamps
which had paid postage through the malls.
It Is not believed that this radical step will
ba taken by the American Government. Once
,,. . .. i.A.-A I.Attn rmfctnllv used, tho buv-
lng and selling of them doos not profit tho J
enemy in any way. " -" -sUuctlons
from Washington to tho contrary.
American dealers expect to continue- to
handle such used copies as seep through from
the Central Powers.
While American stamp houses will not deal
In the unused copies, they see no reason wr
they should not be formally listed. They will
continue to nppear In tho standaid cata
logues, but in no caso will a auotatlou bo
listed.
To List Enemy Stamps
The decision of the American dealeis to
chronicle the enemy labels probably will sur
prise philatelists In Great Britain and I-ranee.
There they ore not only not handled but no
mention la made of them, used or unused,
In catalogues and trade papers, except in
cases where they aro criticized or ridiculed.
It Is tho belief of American philatelists that
this attitude Is too extreme that tlds bitter
ness of war will gain Entente dealers and
collectors nothing: and that such a feeling In
America would be deplored.
Stocks of enemy unused stamps purchased
before America entered the war do, of
course, continue salable. But Importation
of them IK abandoned. ThU Is due to phys
ical as well as patriotic and legal reasons.
In fact, 'even beforo this country took up
arms the American philatelists wore ex.
nerlenclng difficulty in, obtaining the current
abets of the Central Powers. They could
not come by way of Franca and Great
Britain because the laws forbado : nnd Italy's
statutes were equally rigid. Most of tho
stocks which did get through tho British
blockade are. believed to have come by way
or Switzerland, Holland and the Scandinavian
countries secret channels which various
stamp Importers zealously guarded. Today,
love of country doses those channels.
With tha newest of enemy Issues barred,
and with more .stamps certain to emanate
from tlte Central Power, how are philatelists
to obtain knowledge of what Is transplrlngl
. .. . n lim In nermnnv and her
allied nations! The answer must be, sought I
?.l"r" i. iv.- TTr.lv.raal Postal Union. It- la I
customary for each country that Is a mem
ber of tills .International organization, which
Includes nearly .all nations., to send to fh
ttnton's" headquarters at Berne. Switzerland.
700 copies of every new stamp put forth.
From Berne these stamp! aro sent out to
thesDOital authorities of the various goVernr
ments and, as In tha cas of about fifteen
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a-iv . --,. -.: -v- . .Ai.-y! uv-vj ts'i.r.MifRifV9iiiT.i'''n4i j-ire jtJutJT tin vastm jiv i xHR-nramc-'rift '
HUTU , iff 7EKS ..ytiiimmM!SSSNSgm
occupied parts e France. A dealer advertis
ing In n Swiss stamp Journal offers such
stamps for salo. inasmuch ns theso labels.
If they exist legitimately, will not bo Im
ported to America, philatelists will turn to
tho Postotllco Department. If there nre such
stamps, they are certain to reach Washing
ton from Berne. If they do not arrive there,
doubt as to their Issuance In probable',
Thero Is ono motet loophole for such stamps
to reach America u channel which' will en
able unpatrlerflo dealers. If thero aro any, to
bring in the enemy Issues If they chooso.
This Is by wny of certain Central and South
American countries, where some of tho
native postmasters aro In lovo with their
private pocketbooks. Theso personages, re
ceiving copies from Berne, doubtless will not
bo too hesitant to follow their long-established
custom of disposing of their oflleial
copies either to tho highest bidder or to
dealers who regularly buy from them In tills
way. ,
Franco not only barred trading in enemy
stamps early In tho wur, but placed u prohi
bition against the Importation of any stumps
whatever even from a neutral country. This
nffcclcd tho United States, which, although
It is now iiT tho war, Is not, however, ex
pected to forbid tho stamps of Franco or
other Entento nations from being Imported.
Franco docs not prohibit the exporting of
stamps to the United States, but, like Eng
land, It Is extremely cautious a3 to' tho way
In which thoso stamps go out.
The reason for this carefulness by (he
French Government was duo to military
necessity. Stamps arranged In certain ways
might represent codes. This was England'
fear. England forbado tho exportation of
stamps to neutral countries except through
dealers licensed by tho War Ofilce. No of
ficial announcement was made as to why
this rulo was promulgated, but It was cqu
Jectuied by philatelists thero that spies had
sent communications to neutral countries
which were, Intended for the Central Powers,
theso communications being disguised In tho
shapo of sheets of stamps nfllxed lu a pre
arranged manner.
Theso embargoes In various countries have
effectively reduced tho sale of stamps In bulk
In America. Labels gathered In France and
Belgium and Switzerland for this bulk trado
no longer reach the United States In tre
mendous quantities as they did before tha
war, Ilecelved as they wcro then, tons at a
time, they were mado In packets of "1000
mixed" nnd sold popularly nt twenty-fivo
cents a packet, especially to beglnneis.
CRIMINAL INSANE PROBLEM
"Every year," writes Dr. Paul E. Bow
ers In Caso and Comment, "society Is un
justly sending to prison hundreds of lu
Bano and feeble-minded persons who. In tho
course of their mental disturbances, havo
violated the penal laws. This culpable prac
tice of punishing tho mentally Bid: should,
In tho course of Justice, cease.
"Society Is being poorly protected when
It sends Insano and mentally defective In
dividuals to penal Institutions and then re
leases them from custody uncured, merely
because their sentences havo exp'red. Vet
ths Irrational procedure Is being continu
ously practiced by our courts and boards
t parolo In all tho States of tho Union."
What Do You Know?
Quiz
1, Who It General Kaledlnei?
S. What Is an Idtosrncrnnjr?
8, .Tha Harpoerate?
4. Nme th author of "SwUs Voinjly nob
is. What srtat ner1 ef rlusical and modern
times troimed the Alps?
0. What Is o Irrle?
7. Henna the tratetle term terrain.
B. Who 1 Tremler of Fruncef
0. Where ! the Scarpa Klver?
10. Where Is Iahotplif
Answers to Yesterday's Quiz
1. Central retain it commander-in-chief of tho
French nruitea.
:, Jamrt Veolmore Cooper wrote tba'Deenlarer
torei, ,
3, KubUrt r otnnias of a set form used hr
tho I"erln poet. Omar, llfiarjram, In bla
fnmoua I' rim tmnaUled Into Knclliti by
Edward tftuerald.
4. OuKtavua Adotnhua of Sweden was call "tho
Uon of tho North."
0. LouUlina la the Pelican Mate.
0, The b"de aiem la -meinoa or (ovens
mentsl ttnanrtn-r In which fnenrna and el.
Culture-; ore cloaeljr' computed la adianco
a dettnlte term. It ! opposed to th
ritcm of current appropriations for peclSo
puriHF. -
S, t, niter clcrsrmnn'i ram Indicate b
U member of ts rJoclctr of JmusA
uiualur called Jesuit. V
Currcr Hell "". b pen nam aasumed br
CJiarlett Bronte la wrltlnc "Jan Kr."
An armhtlM Is" ecaaaUon f armed ba.
"
k"iittV"i ?V
w
3?r TSuiSf
-ri "
Tom Daly's Column
CltltlBTSIAS. ion
"O mtlc tou-n of Bethlehem,"
How must th; gates uplift!
At last, iclth all thy bonds unfurled,
Thou comest to the Christian world,
O fafr, hut perfect, glftt
HUGH GIBSON appear.- to havo left.out
of his Journal from Our Legation In Bel
gium a cholco bit ho told to soma of his
friends.
Tho Ilclgluiu Ilellef Commission, so tha
story ran, had been having trouble getting
across tho border into Holland. Soma of
Its agents had evon been roughly handled.
Complalntwas mado to tho Governor Gen
eral: but he, Insisting that tho complain
ants surely wcro in error, arranged to as
sign n German 'officer In civilian clothes,
to accompany tho next agent who had oc
casion to go Into Holland.
At tho border they wero stopped. Their
passports, they w cro told, wero forged. Th
agent mado no protest, but tho German
olllccr accompanying him did. Ho vvM
promptly stood upon his head. Also h
was trampled upon by tho soldiers, and
ho and tho agent wero car-led back to
Brussels, under arrest. Arriving thero, of
course, tlio officer was ablo to eecuro his
immediate release, and tho next day b
appcurcd uu,on tho street with hi J head
and faco swathed In bandages. -Hugh Gib
son met him. "Mr. Gibson," ho said, "the
stories of mistreatment of your agents ar
greatly exaggerated, although it ts trut Z
myself was roughly handled; and tho thlnr
that annoyed mo most was to have my faco
Jumpod upon by that black-bearded soldlar
who was formerly professor of ethics 1st
Munich University."
'.
NUD GALBALIS" lifts from tha Man
chester (ling.) Guardian and turns ovsr to
us an elaboration of ''Hush-a-byo, Baby, on
tho Tree-top," as Frandls Thompson might
havo written K. Ono stanza trill be enough
to glvo you a headache:
Blanch-amlccd, rosea'l nursling, resuplne
In coracle terrene,
Afloat on the aerial hyaline.
Moored to the dominant pine,
Xot whero Its pennoned umbrage spans.
With auspice large und halcyon boon,
Its suppliant visitants,
But where, tnt-emperahly higher,
In Its Immitigable cuhnlnancc.
Do battallously Importune
Solstitial fulgences and spilth of fire.
Or ardent rondure of the plenllune
Pcrdurcs In its abashlcss oculance;
Keck not their too obtruslvo suit,-
But still In you tho bruit
Of thrcno susurral, lachrymosal plain,
That on those dolorosal eyes
(Klyslan euphrasies)
Their mystic, chrlsmal anodyne may strain.
n . COLD COHFOJtT
I doan' mind dc frost an' chill; ,
"Vlnds kin howl an'. screech
White folks' tcood-plle on do IifJL,
lies' in easy reach.
I
A .M'chlgan man who Is known In Kala
mazoo County as a farmer, gardener, car
penter add mall carrier Is als an advertis
ing writer who produced a piece 'o topy
for the home paper, recently, which. at
traded wide attention. It wan:
"Notice Whoever borrowed my Jack
screw, please return it, by gosh. Willi
Lawrence."
It Is not In the record whether ho, found
his Jack screw, but a man who's, fond
enough of hi pet expression .to pay so much
a word for saying It, by gosh, deserves 'the
fat of the land. Associated Advertising,
Pay for them-? WJiy, tho quintessence pi
advertising is represented by those two
-words! And Jf Willie, a-fljehcagot:lili .
4 nt fcAfsmr barlfA'CVsi'll hsif Ifr sroa -' ---"- -
J
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