EVENING LEDaER-PmiLADEiiPHIA; WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 101?
,'U
TkUtid
ft
. i
A
1
It
&
GERMANY
(By CSRU WKCKEteMAN
Copyright. lvlT, Otorce II. Dorat. Comptnr.
'SHE NEXT,
REPUBLIC f
"As ttio submarine warfare became more and more a critical issue German feeHn
toward tho United States chanced. I found that men who were openly profess.nl
their friendship for the United States were secretly doing everything within their,;
power to intimidate America."
When Ackerman Arrived in Berlin He Did Not
Find Ahu Hatred of the United States, but
Found That Officials and Citizens Alike Were
Doing All in Their Pouier to Keep Relations
Friendly All Their Efforts Were Turned
Toward a Military Victory
Later, However, in the Fall of 1915, the Situation
Changed Sharply, and the Mere Fact That a
-Person Was American, Looked Like an Amer
ican or Talked English Made Him the Butt
of Unfriendly Remarks and Unusually Boor
ish Treatment on All Sides
WHEN I soiled f;om New York two years ago it seems to mc
that sentiment in the United States was about equally divided;
that most peoplo favored neutrality, even n majority of those who
Supported the Entente. The feeling of sympathy which so many
thousands of Americans had for Germany I could, at that time,
readily understand, because I myself was sympathetic. I felt that
Germany had not had a fighting chance with public opinion in the
United States.
I could not believe that all the charges against Germany applied
to the German people. Although it was difficult to understand
what Germany had done in Belgium; although it was evident nnd
admitted by the Chancellor that Germany violated the neutrality
of that country, I could not believe that a nation which before
the war had such a high standing in science and commerce could
have plotted or desired such a tremendous war as swept Europe
in 1914.
When I arrived in Berlin on March 17, 1915, and met German
officials and peoplo for the first time I was impressed by their
sincerity, their honosty and their belief that the Government did
not cause the war and was fighting to defend the nation. At tho
theatre I performances of Shakespeare, which were among the
best I had ever seen. I marveled at tho wonderful modern hos
pitals and at the efficiency and organization of the Government. I
marveled at the expert ways in which prison camps were admin
istered. I was surprised to find railroad trains clean and punctual.
It seemed to me as if Germany was a notion which had reached
the height of perfection and that it was honestly and conscientiously
defending itself against the group of Powers which desired its
destruction.
The Attitude Toward America Changes
For more than a year I entered enthusiastically into the work
of interpreting and presenting this Germany to the American people.
At this time there was virtually no food problem. German banks
and business men were preparing for nnd expecting peace. The
Government was already making plans for after the war when
the soldiers would return from the front. A Reichstag committee
had been appointed to study Germany's possible peace-time labor
needs and to make arrangements for solving them.
But in the fall of 1915 the changes began. The Lusitnnia had
kj?t7". ir""'w6'fyfc4 5 '5 I'wiwviV Af m w B mfB 3BIbw. LLi.Tnll afli a Mft B 4sli& K
DROP. CHARLES GRAY SHAW, of New York Unive:
iTt.tnt.vl linfnrn ruin nf bin elnattca in TihilosonhV that there
a new "will" typified in certnin of our citizens, notably i
President Wilson.
"Tho new .psychology," soid Professor Show, "has discover;
tho now will tho will that turns inward upon tho brain instead
of passing 6ut through hnnd or tongue. Wilson has this n
will; tho White House corroborates tho results of tho laboratory
To Roosevelt, Wilson seems weak and vacillating; but that
! Wniisn T. Tt. knows nothinr about tho new will. T. R. hv
.n primitive mind, but one of tho most advanced type. In tt l-.
T. R. brain, so to speak, will means set teeth, clenched fm,
hunting nnd rough riding.
"Wilson may bo regarded as cither creating tho new volition
or as Having discovered it. At any rate, Wilson possesses and
uses tho new volition, and it remains to bo seen whether the
political world, at home nnd abroad, is ready for it. Hero it
is significant to observo that tho Germans, who aro psychologists,
recognize the fact that a new and important function of tho
mind has been focused upon them.
"Tiio ucrmnns icar ana respect tno wuson win oi note
with its teeth nnd fists."
writing more than thoy would havo dreaded tho T. R. will
spc
ho
As a nsvcholocist Professor Shaw observed what wo saw
to bo the effect in Germany of Mr. Wilson's will.
'
"The German public became less charitable.
The very statement that one was an American carried with it an implication that
one was anti-German."
been destroyed in May and almost immediately tho'hato campaign
against America was started. I saw tho tendency to attack and
belittle the United States grow not only in tho army, in tho navy
and in the press, but among tho people. I saw that Germany v w
growing to deeply resent anything the United States Government
said against what the German Government did. When this anti
American campaign was launched I observed n tendency on the
part of the Foreign Office to censor more strictly the telegrams
which the correspondents desired to send to the American news
papers. Previously tho Foreign Office had been extremely frank
and cordjol and permitted correspondents to send what they observed
nnd heard as long as the dispatches did not contain information
which would aid tho Allies in their military or economic attacks
on Germany. As tho hate articles appeared in tho newspapers
the correspondents were not only prohibited from sending them,
but they were criticized. by the Foreign Office for writing any
ing which might cause tho American peoplo to be angered at
Germany. Ono day I made a translation of a bitter article in
the B. Z. am Mittag and submitted it to tho Foreign Office censor.
lie asked why I paid so much attention to articles in this news
paper, which ho termed a "Kacse-blatt" literally "a cheese paper."
He said it had no influenco in Germany; thai; no ono cared what
it said. This nowspaper, however, was tho only noonday edition
in Berlin and was published by the largest newspaper publishing
house in Germany, Ullstein & Co. At his request I withdrew tho
telegram and forgot tho incident. Within a few days, however,
Count zu Reventlow, in the Deutsche Tagcszeitung, and Gcorg, Bern
hard, in the Vossischo Zeitung, wrote sharp nttacks on President
Wilson. But I could not telegraph these. ,
A Division in the American Colony
Previous to tho fall of 1915 not only tho German Government,
but tho Germnn people were charitablo to the opinions of neutrals,
especially those who happened to bo in Germany for business or
professional reasons; but ns the anti-Amoricnn campaign and the
cry that America was not neutral by permitting supplies to be
shipped to tho Allies became, more extensive, the public became
les3 charitable. Previously a neutral in Germany could bo cither
pro-German, pro-Ally or neutral. Now, however, it was imposslbla .
to bo neutral, especially if ono were an American, because tho very
statement that ono was an American carried with it tho implica
tion that ono was anti-German. Tho American colony itself becam
divided. There was the pro-American group and tho pro-Germ
Government group. The former was centered at the American
Embassy. The latter was inspired by tho German-Americans who
had lived in Germany most of their lives and by other sympathetic
Americans who came from the United States. Meanwhile there
were printed in German newspapers many leading articles and
interviews from tho American press attacking President Wilson, '
and any ono sympathizing with tho President, even Ambassador
Gerard, becamo automatically "Deutschfeidiich."
As tho submarine warfaro becamo more and more a critical
issuo German feeling toward tho United States changed. I found
that men who were openly professing their friendship for Ihe
United States were secretly doing everything within their power
to intimidato America. Tho Government began to feel as if the
American factories which were supplying tho Allies were as much
subject to attack as similar factories in Allied countries.
I recall one time learning at the American Embassy that a
man named Wuh von Igel had asked Ambassador Gerard for a
safe-conduct, on tho ground that he was going to the United States
to try and have condensed milk shipped to Germany for the children.
Mr. Gerard refused to ask Washington to grant this man a safe
conduct. I did not learn until several months afterward that Herr
von Igel had been asked to go to the United States by Under
Secretary of State Zimmcrmann for one of two purposes; either
lie was to purchase a controlling interest in the du Pont powder
mills, no matter what that cost, or ho was to stir up dissatisfaction "
in Mexico. Zimmcrmann gave him a card of introduction to Count
von Bcrnstorff,- tho German Ambassador in Washington, and told
him that the German Embassy would supply him with all neces
sary funds.
(CONTINUED TOMORROW)
FEATURES IN THE NEWS THAT THE CAMERA'S INSTRUMENTALITY MAKES CLEARER
iHSQlLHB sTmmmmmmmmtmmmmmML W I S 9 9 B , w tYiiiiJIHLi
HBHffHIL'H P mmmmmmf' m m m mm m m t I f 1 1 1 1 JdnmfmKmBmm
iHnnHHpt 'mmmmmmT j&8& mmmmmmmmmmmteMmmmjm. &&. mMifl 1 1 WilHH
mmmmmmBSmlmwmmttfRmM. ,'i,Br 'ftf? & .HSHHPB'HHHiBilHH' HHmbI KH
rlHiH rRSLirf1!' s.JHkffiittb' m. m M' v r HH mH IbH
mmmmmmmmmmmmr7rm Wmm7?2mmmmmmmWi m)mmmWx&wFmmWL mmmmm9 Wmmmmmmk lHHH
aBSmMmmBrnmmmLSy- Kvi xLKu J jmrnKfrnmmJn, wmml " mmmi kHL' smmmmmmmml
mmmwmmBmnlKKTNbKmmt lH'k: HLj4r SammmM i.uKPBm mmmmmw "ijfr r H
, , : . l
' - '
'SK t$& Si Si JUT' 0M7?&r ' $ fvl
Copyr!ht, by Harris tc Enlnc.
HOW UNCLE SAM FEEDS HIS FIGHTING NEPHEWS WHILE ON THE MARCH
Captain F. II. Buzzacott, of Chicago, and n model of his army rolling kitchen, which saw service
in the Mexican campaign, when it fed 300 men at a time. The truck can bo detached and utilized
for ordinary transportation.
T
f I V
CvwHJJHlHJiBHBHIHC28IHlb 'immmmn'' immmmWlW' 'immmmt'tJM
WBmtfz&fiiiiiJin ttfmSmTmSfSimBSmu' 'PIIijlilVl
"OUT OF THE MOUTH OF BABES AND SUCKLINGS THOU HAST PERFECTED PRAISE"
The "baby choir," organized and led by Mrs. Harry Rodgers, 2556 North Eighteenth street, an interdenominational
chorus of twenty-four voices, hos sung In moro than 100 churches and at Willow Grove. The children range in age
from four to ten years, Irene Elser, a soprano, being tho youngest.
Coprrlrht, International film Servlc.
COI.tJMnrx WAR HOHMTAL, TKANHKJ5UUMU W " v4imw smi uun,Iviu,.i4
Mil- i.iii,,.,, t 7n. J! iiLnii.i Vn 1 comurlalne OftV-four bulWlnya. covering nineteen acrea on Columbia Oval, palnbrlde
n 2wwjJ5r w attend! by 76 .uw ud 10 phytlolM awlsurcw
Ik,,.' ' m' 'i
BQB- '.hB sJV" &BBBBbb1 c SBSBBBBBBBaHB B v. WBB vffrfHf vBffJiPJiwHMPJJiwPMrwBB uPBujZ K.'8r2BK&BBBt9BBBBBf J
FIRST KAW THE t,IQMT
mi
"HOST AT CAMP MEADK"
It makes Philadelphia vliltoni "feel ttt home'
to be weloomed to aeneral Kuhn'n headauar-
W Set- A. T Schwppe. a ftltaw cltlse.
SYHEtUi: TUB "UTTLE FELLOW
Old resident ot gouthwartt point out Uila houi on Orawlch trt ptUt:MmA
MensincaytniM Aa Iho birthplace oZ Senator "KA" Yt tt aajelus the BHIWIH
jti - wwt wvaow wnv
v?.
-rwr. . ' 'Jui&L'tKmBSSBfaiLA' .' . a'wa:?''j & -.4 ' Via
" "'..1 ijaBauH3jBmarflUififliK:t.i&d..j
.
:SH