EVENING 'LjED(iER-i?HILAT)TCLP1TrA. . BlilDAY. OCTOBER 5, 1917
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MANY
Copyright. 1017. Qtorga II. Doran Commnr. '
HE NEXT
REPUBLIC
tmmny Presented Ten "Flagrant Violations" by
England of Authorized Warfare Under Inter
national Law as Justification for the Institu
tion of Unrestricted Submarine Attacks by
the Teuton Powers The Neutrals, So Rear
Admiral Hollweg Said, Have No Cause for
Complaint
Throughout the Book Published by Hollweg With
I tlm A nnvnunl nC Tf!.. nr f 7. f ... ix r ir.;
Evident That the Entire Official Hatred of
Germany Is Directed Against Great Britain.
England's "Offenses" and the Gradual "Star
vation" of the British Isles by the U-Boats
Are Emphasized Over and Over Again
TN THE chapter entitled "The Opponent," on page 27, tho author
says:
"Before there is a discussion of our legal right to tho submarine
Warfaro a brief review of the general policies of our opponents during
tho war will be given. This account shall servo tho purposo of
fortifying the living feeling within us of our natural right and of
our duty to use all weapons ruthlessly.
"If wo did not know before tho publication of tho Entcnto noto
(tho Allies' piece reply to Germany) what wo were up against, now
wo know. Tho mask fell. Now wo linvo confirmation of the inten
tions to rob and conquer us which caused tho individual Entcnto
nations to league together and conduct the war. Tho neutrnls will
iiow see tho situation moro clearly. For us it is war, literally, to be
or not to be a German nntion. Never did such an appeal (the Entento
fiotc) find such a fruitful echo in German hearts.
"I begin with England, our worst enemy."
On page 31 Admiral Hollweg speaks of tho fact that at the be
ginning of tho war many Germans, especially those in banking and
business circles, felt that Germany was so indispensable to England
in peace time that England would not conduct a war to "knock out"
Germany. But Hollweg says tho situation has now changed.
On pages 122 to 12G he justifies tho ruthless submarine warfaro
in the following way:
England's "Ten Gross Violations"
"It is known that England and her allies declared at tho be
ginning of the war that they would adhere to tho Declaration of Lon
don. It is just as well known that England ami tho Allies changed
this declaration through tho orders in council and other lawless
statements of authority until the declaration was unrecognizable and
worthless especially the spirit and purposo of the agreement were
flatly pushed asido until practically nothing moro remains of tho
marine laws as codified in 1909. Tho following collection of flagrant
breaches of international law will show who first broke marine laws
during tho war:
"Ten gross violations of marine law in wartime by England:
"First. Violation-of Article IV of tho Maritime Declaration of
April 16, 1855. Blockading of neutral harbors in violation of in
ternational law.
i.
, l , , ,1""""
!! ? .?'" V0' l"L : ,1n nncl even cxncct thereby that we will compel EnBlal
to grStTs the kl,id of peace which can lay new f omuUilum s tor sea warlarc.-Rcar
Admiral Hollweg, in "Unser Rccht auf den Uboot-Kneg.
nA of nRlice. Wo will tako this principle also as basis fn i
wo do and even expect thereby that wo will compel England to tM
.. . . . i ..rlitrtt. nti Inv now fntlnilriHrma -f. 6 wit
The submarines, according to Rear Admiral Hollweg, Mill cut tho thread which holds the English Damoclcs's snord over weak sea
powers and that for eternity tho "gruesome hands" of Englis h despotism will be driven from the seas.
"Second. Violation of Article II of tho same declaration by tho
confiscation of enemy property aboard neutral ships. See order in
council, March 11, 1915.
"Third. Declaration of tho North Sea as a war zone. British
Admiralty declaration, November 3, 191-1.
"Fourth. England regarded food as contraband since tho be
ginning of tho war. Tho starvation war. England confiscated neu
tral food en route to neutral States whenever there was a possibility
that it would reach the enemy. This violated the recognized funda
mental principles of tho freedom of tho seas.
"Fifth. Attempt to prevent nil communications between Ger
many and neutral countries through the violation of international
law and the seizing of mail.
"Sixth. Imprisonment of German reservists aboard neutral
ships.
"Seventh, (a) Violation of Article I of The Hnguo convention
by the confiscation of tho German hospital ship Ophelia, (b) Mur
dering of submarine crew upon command of British auxiliary cruiser
Baralong. (c) Violation of Article XXIX, No. 1, of London declara
tion by preventing American Red Cross from sending supplies to
the German Red Cross.
"Eighth, (a) Destruction of German cruiser Kaiser Wiihelm
der Grosso in Spanish territorial waters by English cruiser Highflyer,
(b) Destruction of German cruiser Dresden in Chilian waters by
British cruiser Glasgow, (c) Attack of British warships on Ger
man ship Paklas in Norwegian waters.
"Ninth. England armed her merchant ships for attack.
"Tenth. Uso of neutral flags and signs by British merchantmen
in violation of Articles II and III of tho Paris declaration."
On page 13-1, after discussing tho question of whether tho Eng
lish blockade has been efTcctivo and arguing that England by seizing
neutral ships with food on the supposition that tho food was going
to Germany, had violated tho principles of the freedom of tho seas,
ho says:
"Wo may conclude from these facts that we Germans can now
consider ourselves freed from the uncomfortable conditions of the
London declaration and may conduct tho war as our own interests
prescribe. We have already partially done this inasmuch as wo fol
lowed tho English example of extending the lists of war contraband.
This has been inconvenient for the neutrals affected and they have
protested against it. We may, however, consider that they will
henceforth respect our proposals just as they have in the past ac
cepted English interests. England demanded from them that they
assist her because England was fighting for tho futuro of neutrals
us tho kind of peaco which can lay now foundations for sea warfcj
nnd that for the futuro the military acts of belligerents against j
trnli will not bo carried to tho extremes thoy have been for !i'
turics becauso of England's superior sea power. Thfs new era dl
civllircd wnrfaro wo bring under tho term 'freedom of tho seas.'"
Hollwcg's next justification oi mo uniimucu submarine wartW
is that Secretary of Stato Lansing in a note to Count von Bernstorj'
nt first said merchant ships could not bo armed nnd then changed j
mind.
On page ICO Hollweg says: "And now in discussing the questta
of tho legal position of the submnrino as n warship I cite here ft.
statements of the German authority on international law, Professor
Doctor iNicmcyer, wno saw: muiu tun .luamiuuiy no question bat?
that tho submarine is permitted. It is n means of war similar kl
every other one. The frightfulncss of tho weapon was never J
ground of condemnation. This is a war in which everything i t, r
mittcd which is not forbidden. " i
,1
"Germany Will Break the Entente"
Ho ndils that his statements shall provo to tho reader that Ger.
many can continue the hnrd, relentless battle with tho greatest posl '
sibility and confidence of n final victory which will break the ck
structivo tendencies of the Entento nnd guarantee a peace which Ger-'
many needs for her futuro existence.
On page 193 he declares: "All food prices in England have fa.
creased on the average 80 per cent in price; they arc for example con4
siderably higher in England than in Germany. A world-wide crop
failure in Canada and Argentina made tho importation of food for'
England more difficult.
Admiral Hollweg has n clever theory that the German fleet hi'
played a prominent role in the war, although most of tho time ithajj
been hugging tho coasts of tho Fatherland. He declares that tV
fleet has had a "distance effect" upon the Allies' control of the higi'
seas. On page 197 ho says: I
"What I mean in extreme by 'fernwirkung' (distance effect) ' J
I will show hero by an example. The English and French attack i
on Constantinople failed. It can at least bo doubted whether at '
that time when the connection between Germany nnd Turkey was -
not established a strong English naval unit would have brought
the attack success. The necessity of not withdrawing the Eng.
lish battleships from tho North Sea prevented England from
using a more powerful unit nt Constantinople. To this extent '
the German battle fleet was not without influence in tho victory
for tho defender of Constantinople. That is 'distance effect."'
fin nnirn 1 R7 ITnllurnrr floplnroe? "F!nn1nnl tinf nnltr rlnne !.-
money today by war but she is losing. Tho universnl military servici
which she was forced to introduce in order to hold tho other Allies:
lt? flirt innmin rlynwa frnm tint, inrllicfrtr nnl fhnrrtlur Vint. y.wM... "
mj uib wh" ....? v... ... ...uub.j, .... wi. wvujr m;i .umuierL
a,ouu,UUU workmen, coal exportation nas decreased. During tie
eleven months from Janunry to November, 191C, 4,500,000 tons less
coal was exported than in 1915. In order to produce enough coal for
England herself the nation was cornpcllod by the munitions obligjj
tion law to put miners to work."
On page 223 the author declares:
"That is, therefore, the great and important role which thasuV
marines in this war arc playing. They are serving also to pave tie,1
way in tho futuro for the 'freedom of the seas.' " J
Ho adds that the submarines will cut the thread which holds!
the English Damoclcs's sword over weak sea powers and that fori
eternity tho "gruesome hands" of English despotism will be drives'
from tho seas.
(CONTINUED TOMOIUIOW)
DRAFT CONTINGENTS FROM UPSTATE TAKE THEIR PLACES IN THE RANKS AT CAMP MEADE, MARYLAND
"tel ' ' PROBLEMS OF THE COMMISSARIAT ENGAGE PIRsTARRIVAAySMPMSlraOM '
y rhotograph by Evening Ledger Staff Photographer yWj&vSX CARBONDALE PA ""1JO'"-i- WUUi JUfiiAUr- 1 UUJU
BOYS FROM BETHLEHEM, PA., ARRIVE AT CAMP MEADE WELL SffilCV ' ' ;
LADEN WITII COMFORT KITS PACKED BY LOVING HANDS Ml !
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ITALIAN SOLDIER IN THE ACT OF HURLING A DEATH
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